seminar tugas akhir sidang 3 ; perancangan motion graphic pengenalan tata surya

7/23/2019 Seminar Tugas Akhir Sidang 3 ; Perancangan Motion Graphic Pengenalan Tata Surya.

1/14

V{asmemdb V~k`mghsm U~bhs Hgcm{ EGZ EGZMundhs ! Bhdim` ;688;68;

Khde~db, Ihd~h{m ;68; M_KD 9 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

GZ 56;8

Vn{hdohdbhd Laumad B{hvcmo Vndbndh`hd Uhuh _~{}h

^du~g Hdhg ^l~{ 86,8; Uhc~dLh{umhd LhbdhlnsmhH{m Rmkara, _$Es$

Oaduhou vn{sad 9

Lh{umhd Lhbdhlnsmh

I`$ Khdundb eh`hl M da$ 5 Khde~db

Un`v!CV!Jh ehd Nlhm` 9 63>2=?;>3:3>, ai~ducn8suF}hcaa$oal

Hksu{hg

M`l~ hsuadalm lnlm`mgm dm`hm gnkh{~hd }hdb o~g~v umdbbm, em lhdh sn`h`~ heh mdja{lhsm kh{~ snm{mdb

rhgu~$ Dhl~d dm`hm gnkh{~hd mdja{lhsm em lhs}h{hghu un{`mchu `hlkhu, khd}hg jhguhjhguh }hdb s~ehcumehg {n`nzhd lhsmc emvn{oh}hm a`nc lhs}h{hghu `~hs$ Ch` mdm emgh{ndhghd `hi~{ mdja{lhsm }hdb umehg

`hdoh{ emgh{ndhghd g~{hdbd}h mlv`nlnduhsm gnm`l~hd enshmd gal~dmghsm zms~h` }hdb lnlkhdu~

lnd}hlvhmghd mdja{lhsm }hdb {n`nzhd ehd ~v ua ehun gn vheh lhs}h{hghu$ Ln`mchu jndalndh mdm,

em{hshghd vn{`~ hehd}h vnlho~ hbh{ lhs}h{hghu lndehvhughd ehd umlk~` gnlh~hd lndoh{m uhc~

mdja{lhsmmdja{lhsm }hdb {n`nzhd gc~s~sd}h unduhdb m`l~ hsu{adalm$ Lhsh hdhghdhg heh`hc lhsh em

lhdh {hsh mdbmd uhc~ snehdb lnl~dohg ehd lnd}mlvhd mdja{lhsm snkhd}hgkhd}hgd}h$ Endbhd

ln`mchu gnsnlvhuhd mdm, em{hdohdbd}h lnemh h~ema zms~h` mdm kn{u~i~hd lnlho~ hdhghdhg hbh{

lnd}~ghm m`l~ hsu{adalm$ Endbhd ch{hvhd mdja{lhsm }hdb ln{ngh un{mlh eh{m lnemh mdm hghd

lnlkn{mghd laumzhsm ln{ngh hbh{ lh~ lndh{~c lmdhu ehd smghv eh`hl kmehdb hsu{adalm$

Ghuh G~dom 9 Hsu{adalm, Mdja{lhsm, Gnkh{~hd, Hdhg, H~ema, Zms~h`$

Hksu{hou

Hsu{adal} chs h cmbc {hun aj daznù}, rcn{n ucn{n rm`` kn dnr mdja{lhumad azn{umln$ Dnzn{ucn`nss,

mdja{lhumad daznù} md saomnu} snnls ua kn sàr, àus aj jhous rcmoc h{n dau {n`nzhdu hd}la{n, }nu h{n

sum`` kn`mnzne k} vnav`n$ Ucnsn lhuun{s aoo~{s {nbh{emdb aj ~dh{umo~`hune mdja{lhumad jàrs, knoh~sn

ucn{n h{n `hogs aj zms~h` oall~dmohumad ensmbd mlv`nlnduhumad rcmoc cn`vs en`mzn{mdb {n`nzhdu hde

~v ua ehun mdja{lhumad ua ucn saomnu}$ Rmuc ucms smu~humad, ucn{n ms h dnne aj u{mbbn{s ua lhgn vnav`n

bnus ucn {n`nzhdu mdja{lhumad, nsvnomh``} ad hsu{adal} snoua{$ Ocmècaae ms rcn{n o~{masmu} hu mus

lasu hde sua{ns mdja{lhumad hs l~oc hs ucn} oa~è$ _nnmdb ucnsn avva{u~dmumns, ucn v~{vasn aj h~ema

zms~h` lnemh ensmbd ms ua suml~`hun ocmè{nd ua `mgn hsu{adal}$ Rmuc hd nvnouhumad aj h`` ucn

mdja{lhumad ucn} bau j{al ucn lnemh rm`` bmzn ucnl laumzhumad ua v~u mdun{nsus hde laznlndus md

hsu{adal} snoua{$

Gn}ra{es 9 Hsu{adal}, Mdja{lhumad, Daznù}, Ocmè, H~ema, Zms~h`$

8 VNDEHC^@^HD

Vndbnuhc~hd unduhdb uhuh s~{}h umehg vn{dhc kn{cndum ~du~g lnlkn{mghd ch` kh{~$ Vnlkhch{~hd hghd

rhrhshd uhuh s~{}h em`hg~ghd {~umd$ Vn{gnlkhdbhd ungdaàbm ehd m`l~ vndbnuhc~hd lnlkn{mghd

khd}hg ehlvhg un{chehv vn{gnlkhdbhd m`l~ hsu{adalm$ Vndn`mumhd un{chehv kndeh `hdbmu umehg hghd

vn{dhc chkms, kndeh `hdbmu kh{~ emunl~ghd ehd emun`mum ~du~g vn{gnlkhdbhd m`l~ hsu{adalm$

Hdu~smhsln un{chehv m`l~ hsu{adalm shdbhu knsh{ emu~di~gghd a`nc hdhghdhg$ Mdm emk~gumghd endbhd

umehg vn{dhc snvmd}h vndb~di~db v`hdnuh{m~l Ihgh{uh$ Dhl~d kn{ehsh{ghd chsm` hdh`msms un{d}huh m`l~


2/14

Vn{hdohdbhd Laumad B{hvcmo Vndbndh`hd Uhuh _~{}h ^du~g Hdhg ^l~{ 868; Uhc~d

GZ 56; ;

hsu{adalm lnlm`gm snemgmu va{sm }hdb emhih{ghd vheh g~{mg~`~l }hdb kn{`hg~ vheh vndememghd snga`hc

ehsh{$ Mdm kn{`hdi~u gnvheh umdbghu vndememghd sn`hdi~ud}h cmdbbh vn{b~{~hd umdbbm sncmdbbh vnlmdhu

ohkhdb m`l~ hsu{adalm lndihem kn{g~{hdb$ Vhehch` vaundsm m`l~ hsu{adalm em Mdeadnsmh ehvhu

emumdbghughd snm{mdb endbhd kn{uhlkhcd}h hdu~smhsln ehd vn{umsmvhsm vn`hih{$ Vhehch` endbhd oh{h

}hdb unvhu, m`l~ hsu{adalm ehvhu lndihem m`l~ vndbnuhc~hd }hdb lndh{mg ehd shdbhu kn{b~dh$

H~ema zms~h` heh`hc lnemh }hdb o~g~v enghu endbhd hdhghdhg, ln`h`~m hdmlhsm, zmena bhln ehd

hoh{h hdhg em un`nzmsm ln{ngh s~ehc hg{hk endbhd kndu~g lnemh mdm$ Endbhd ln`mchu gnsnlvhuhd mdm,

lndbb~dhghd h~ema zms~h` em{hshghd shdbhu oaoag ~du~g lndihem vmdu~ bn{khdb m`l~ hsu{adalm ~du~g

hdhg ~smh snga`hc ehsh{$

; @HDEH_HD UNA[M

;$8Uhuh _~{}hUhuh _~{}h heh`hc g~lv~`hd kndeh `hdbmu }hdb un{em{m huhs snk~hc kmduhdb }hdb emsnk~u Lhuhch{m ehd

snl~h aking }hdb un{mghu a`nc bh}h b{hzmuhsmd}h$ Akingaking un{snk~u un{lhs~g en`hvhd k~hc v`hdnu

}hdb s~ehc emgnuhc~m endbhd a{kmu kn{kndu~g n`mvs, `mlh v`hdnu gn{em`!ghuhm, 82? shun`mu h`hlm }hdbun`hc emmendumjmghsm, ehd i~uhhd kndeh `hdbmu #lnuna{, hsun{ame, galnu- `hmdd}h$

Uhuh _~{}h un{khbm lndihem Lhuhch{m, nlvhu v`hdnu khbmhd eh`hl, shk~g hsun{ame, nlvhu v`hdnu khbmhd

`~h{, ehd em khbmhd un{`~h{ heh`hc _hk~g G~mvn{ ehd vm{mdbhd un{snkh{$ Hrhd Aa{u emvn{gm{hghd un{`nuhg

em ehn{hc un{ih~c }hdb kn{ih{hg sngmuh{ sn{mk~ gh`m em `~h{ khbmhd }hdb un{`~h{$

Vn{gnlkhdbhd m`l~ vndbnuhc~hd ehd ungdaàbm vndbhlhuhd vheh `mlh hkhe `h`~ lnlkhrh lhd~smh

~du~g lnlhchlm kndehkndeh `hdbmu un{knkhs eh{m sn`~k~db lmuaàbm$ Bh`m`na Bh`m`nm #8>:58:5;-

endbhd un`nsgav {nj{hgua{d}h lhlv~ lndihemghd lhuh lhd~smh +`nkmc uhihl+ eh`hl lndbhlhum kndeh

`hdbmu }hdb umehg kmsh emhlhum ln`h`~m lhuh un`hdihdb$

@mlh v`hdnu un{enghu gn Lhuhch{m sn`hmd K~lm #Ln{g~{m~s, Znd~s, Lh{s, ]~vmun{ ehd _hu~{d~s- un`hcemgndh` snihg yhlhd ehc~`~ gh{ndh ln{ngh snl~h kmsh em`mchu endbhd lhuh un`hdihdb$ Khd}hg khdbsh

em e~dmh mdm lnlm`mgm dhlh sndem{m ~du~g lhsmdblhsmdb v`hdnu$

;$;Laumad B{hvcmoVndbnlkhdbhd eh{m sndm b{hvcmo ensmbd }hmu~ laumad ensmbd, gadungsd}h heh`hc laumad b{hvcmo

snkhbhm jm`l, zmena huh~ oalv~un{ bndn{hune mlhbns$ Un{lhs~g em eh`hld}h heh`hc umvab{hjm ehd

b{hjms }hdb kmsh em`mchu snkhbhm umu`ns ~du~g jm`l, vnlk~gh v{ab{hl un`nzmsm, k~lvn{ ehd n`nlnd

n`nlnd b{hjms }hdb l~do~` em `h}h{ ghoh$ Gnl~emhd rnkkhsne hdmlhumad, ochddn` mekn{~vh àba umbh

emlndsm }hdb ln{~vhghd mendumuhs snk~hc suhsm~d un`nzmsm$ I~bh khbmhdkhbmhd em eh`hl mg`hd un`nzmsm$

Hvhv~d }hdb l~do~` snkhbhm b{hvcmo ensmbd eh`hl lnemh n`ngu{admg h~ema zms~h` heh`hc vngn{ihhd

}hdb em`hg~ghd a`nc laumad ensmbdn{$

Emsnk~u i~bh mdzmsmk`n h{ugh{ndh galvadndgalvadnd mdm un{`mchu uhvm umehg emsheh{m a`nc vnlm{sh em

eh`hl snk~hc v{ab{hl$ @h`~ sàu mg`hd endbhd e~{hsm : lndmu, galvadndd}h emmsm a`nc laumad

ensmbdn{ eh`hl vnlk~huhd umu`ns, hdmlhsm àba, hdmlhsm v{ae~g, zms~h` njjnous ehd `hmdd}h$

Unuhvm vn{gnlkhdbhd e~dmh laumad ensmbd un{d}huh shdbhu`hc vnshu emmlkhdbm endbhd vnshud}h

ungdaàbm }hdb lnde~g~db khmg sajurh{n lh~v~d ch{erh{n $ Imgh khd}hg lndaduad un`nzmsm huh~

lndaduad jm`l lhgh hghd un{`mchu khcrh umvab{hjm, zms~h` njng em lnemh mdm snlhgmd lndh{mg gh{ndh

un{~s kn{gnlkhdb$ Khdemdbghd`hc gnumgh ihlhd un`nzmsm chd}h lm`mg vnln{mduhc }hmu~ UZ[M shlvhm

vheh lhsh un`nzmsm srhsuh }hdb shhu mdm un`hc kn{l~do~`hd shdbhu khd}hg$ Knbmu~ i~bh eh`hl jm`l,

gnumgh n{h _~vn{lhd l~do~` em `h}h{ `nkh{ shlvhm lhsh U{hdsja{ln{ }hdb `hg~ gn{hs gh{ndh uncdmg

hdmlhsm ehd zms~h` njng }hdb kndh{kndh{ lndhgi~kghd$


3/14


GZ 56; ?

_noh{h ungdms, vndbb~dhhd hv`mghsm laumad b{hvcmo ensmbd kn{a{mnduhsm vheh ak}ng$ Ehd lnemhd}h

kn{~vh sum`` mlhbns endbhd ja{lhu vmn` huh~ znoua{, ehuh zmena ehd h~ema$ Em eh`hl hv`mghsmd}h ehvhu

lnlk~hu snk~hc galvasmsm }hdb em eh`hld}h un{ehvhu umln`mdn, {nsa`~sm, cmu~dbhd i~l`hc j{hln vn{

enumg ehd ~g~{hd$ _hhu lnlk~hu galvasmsm, kmsh emlhs~ghd shu~ huh~ `nkmc lnemh, }hdb `h`~ l~do~` em

eh`hl oalvasmumad rmdear ehd i~bh em umln`mdn$ Em eh`hl umhv lnemh }hdb kmsh ems~s~d lhsmdb

lhsmdb snkhbhm `h}n{ un{ehvhu v{avn{um vndbhu~{hd ~du~g lnlhdmv~`hsm, snvn{um vasmsm #, } ehd

un{ghehdb y-, v~uh{hd, ~g~{hd, u{hdsvh{hdsm ehd `hmdd}h$ Knkn{hvh `h}n{ehvhu embhk~dbghd shu~ shlh

`hmd gn eh`hl galvasmsm$ _numhv vn{~khchd huh~ lhdmv~`hsm }hdb em`hg~ghd ehvhu emk~hu gn}jhln

~du~g lndndu~ghd dm`hm eh{m umhv rhgu~ }hdb emundu~ghd ~du~g emlhdmv~`hsm$ Mdm kn{`hg~ ~du~g

v{ab{hl galvasmsm lh~v~d hdmlhsm$

;$?Gh{hgun{Gh{hgun{ heh`hc vn{hd huh~ vndagachd }hdb heh eh`hl snk~hc on{muh jmgumj, gh{hgun{ kmhshd}h

emomvuhghd snkhbhm v~shu eh{m on{muh huh~ vndbhduh{ on{muh$ Gh{hgun{ emomvuhghd snenlmgmhd {~vh

sncmdbbh lnlm`mgm vn{hd eh`hl ih`hd on{muh, lnlkn{mghd mdja{lhsm un{undu~, lndomvuhghd mdun{v{nuhsm

huh~ chd}h snkhbhm vnlhdms on{muh$ Eh`hl k~g~ galmgd}h, _oauu LoOà~e lnd}nk~ughd 9 Uc{nns~oc lnhs~{ns }a~ ohd uhgn ua k{mdb }a~{ e{hrmdbs ua `mjn hs zmzme, kn`mnznhk`n c~lhd knmdbs7 8$

Och{houn{ Ensmbd, ;$ Jhomh` Nv{nssmads, ?$ Kae} @hdb~hbn$$ Gnumbh ch` un{snk~u heh`hc galvadnd}hdb vndumdb eh`hl vndagachd b~dh lnlvn{in`hs h`~{ mdja{lhsm ehd ih`hd on{muh }hdb hghd emk~hu$

Vndomvuhhd gh{hgun{ emlhgs~eghd ~du~g lnl~do~`ghd kndu~{hd lhsh`hc endbhd ih`hd }hdb khmg huh~

umehg hbh{ lnlvn{eh`hl ih`hd on{muh$ Vndeh`hlhd gh{hgun{ umehg emkn{mghd smlv`mjmghsm, snkh`mgd}h

umhv gh{hgun{ snch{~sd}h em`nvhsghd sn`~{~c svnou{~l vndenghuhd un{chehv gncme~vhd d}huh, endbhd

knbmu~ gh{hgun{ ehvhu lnlkn{mghd mdja{lhsm }hdb `nkmc khd}hg unduhdb em{md}h ehd `mdbg~dbhdd}h$

;$5 Rh{dhUna{m Rh{dh K{nrsun{ }hdb vn{uhlh gh`m emgnl~ghghd vheh uhc~d 83?8$ Una{m Rhh{dh mdm

lnd}nen{chdhghd rh{dhrh{dh }hdb heh em h`hl lndihem 5 gnàlvag rh{dh, }hmu~ rh{dh v{mln{,

sng~den{, un{smn{, ehd rh{dh dnu{h`$ Gnàlvag rh{dh mdm sn{mdb ems~s~d eh`hl `mdbgh{hd rh{dh

k{nrsun{$

;$5$8 Rh{dh V{mln{

Rh{dh v{mln{ ln{~vhghd rh{dh }hdb umehg emchsm`ghd eh{m ohlv~{hd rh{dh `hmd, vheh ehsh{d}h

heh e~h indms rh{dh v{mln{, rh{dh v{mln{ vheh rh{dh vmblnd ehd rh{dh v{mln{ vheh rh{dh

ohch}h$ Vheh rh{dh vmblnd, rh{dh v{mln{d}h heh`hc O}hd, Lhbnduh, ]n`àr ehd Gn} #K`hog-,

snehdbghd vheh rh{dh ohch}h rh{dh v{mln{ heh umbh }hgdm7 Ln{hc, Cmih~ ehd Km{~$

Bhlkh{ 8$ Rh{dh V{mln{ Ohch}h


4/14


GZ 56; 5

Mdm gnl~emhd emgndh` snkhbhm rh{dh vmblnd v{mln{ }hdb emvhghm eh`hl e~dmh sndm {~vh$

Ohlv~{hd e~h rh{dh v{mln{ lndbchsm`ghd rh{dh sng~den{$ Ohlv~{hd rh{dh sng~den{ endbhd

rh{dh v{mln{ lndbchsm`ghd rh{dh un{umn{$ Hghd unuhvm snoh{h ungdms, ln{hc g~dmdb km{~,snkndh{d}h k~ghd rh{dh vmblnd v{mln{$ Umbh rh{dh vmblnd v{mln{ heh`hc lhbnduh, g~dmdb ehd

o}hd$ OL]G heh`hc msum`hc rh{dh v{mln{ vheh rh{dh vmblnd huh~ vn{onuhghd$ Eh`hl mde~su{m

vn{onuhghd, ~du~g lndbchsm`ghd rh{dh kn{zh{mhsm, emun{hvghd vnlhghmhd rh{dh v{mln{ s~ku{hgumj9

lhbnduh, g~dmdb ehd o}hd eh`hl ~g~{hd }hdb kn{lhohllhohl$ OL]G emehvhughd eh{m

lndb~{hm umduh$

;$5$; Rh{dh _ng~den{Ln{~vhghd chsm` vndohlv~{hd rh{dhrh{dh v{mln{ endbhd v{ava{sm 898$ Lmsh`d}h rh{dh imdbbh

ln{~vhghd chsm` ohlv~{hd rh{dh ln{hc endbhd g~dmdb, cmih~ heh`hc ohlv~{hd km{~ ehd g~dmdb,

ehd ~db~ heh`hc ohlv~{hd ln{hc ehd km{~$

;$5$? Rh{dh Un{smn{Ln{~vhghd ohlv~{hd sh`hc shu~ rh{dh v{mln{ endbhd sh`hc shu~ rh{dh sng~den{$ Lmsh`d}h rh{dh

imdbbh gng~dmdbhd emehvhu eh{m vndohlv~{hd rh{dh g~dmdb ehd imdbbh$

;$> Kndu~g

Kndu~g snoh{h khchsh heh`hc9

8$ Vndhlvm`hd `~h{ }hdb ehvhu em`mchu$;$ Bhlkh{ su{~gu~{ ja{lh`, uhuhs~s~d, galvasmsm }hdb lndbchsm`ghd bhlkh{hd d}huh$?$ Lhssh ? emlndsm, r~i~e, vndhlvm`hd, gadjmb~{hsmEh`hl h{smungu~{, kndu~g sn`h`~ emc~k~dbghd

endbhd r~i~e }hmu~ smsm `~h{ gh{hgun{msumg huh~ gadjmb~{hsm vn{l~ghhd s~hu~ kndu~g un{undu~$

R~i~e i~bh ln{~vhghd hsvng ~uhlh emlhdh kndu~gkndu~g ehvhu emmendumjmghsmghd ehd emghunba{mghd$

Emshlvmdb r~i~e, kndu~g lnlm`mgm om{m zms~h`9

8$ Emlndsm, emlndsm jmsmg kn{~vh vhdihdb, `nkh{ ehd unkh`$ Emlndsmemlndsm un{snk~u lndndu~ghdv{ava{sm eh{m kndu~g$ _gh`h emundu~ghd a`nc ~g~{hd {n`humjd}h un{chehv kndu~gkndu~g `hmd eh`hl

gadungsd}h$

;$ Rh{dh, ln{~vhghd jndalndh vndohch}hhd ehd vn{snvsm zms~h` }hdb lndin`hsghd vn{snvsmmdemzme~ eh`l oa{hg, mdundsmuhs ehd rh{dh$ Rh{dh heh`hc hu{mk~u }hdb vh`mdb lnd}a`ag ehd

lnlknehghd s~hu~ kndu~g eh{m `mdbg~dbhdd}h$ Rh{dh i~bh kn{vndbh{~c un{chehv kakau zms~h`

s~hu~ kndu~g$

?$ Ungsu~{, Ungsu~{ heh`hc g~h`muhs }hdb ehvhu em`mchu ehd em{hkh }hdb emkn{mghd gnvn{l~ghhd a`nc~g~{hd, kndu~g, vndbhu~{hd ehd v{ava{sm khbmhd kndeh$ ungsu~{ i~bh lndndu~ghd shlvhm emlhdh

vn{l~ghhd s~hu~ kndu~g lnlhdu~`ghd huh~ lnd}n{hv ohch}h ehuhdb$

5$ Vasmsm, `nuhg eh{m snk~hc kndu~g heh`hc {n`humj un{chehv `mdbg~dbhdd}h huh~ `mdbg~dbhd zms~h`emlhdh kndu~g un{snk~u un{`mchu$

>$ A{mnduhsm, h{hc eh{m snk~hc kndu~g {n`humj un{chehv kmehdb ehsh{, h{hc lhuh hdbmd, kndu~gkndu~gkndehkndeh `hmd, huh~ un{chehv snsna{hdb }hdb ln`mchud}h$

:$ Mdn{smh Zms~h`, ln{~vhghd umdbghu gadsndu{hsm ehd suhkm`muhs s~hu~ kndu~g$ Mdn{smh s~hu~ kndu~gun{bhdu~db gnvheh bnalnu{m ehd a{mnduhsmd}h {n`humj un{chehv kmehdb ehsh{, bh}h uh{mg k~lm ehd

bh{ms vhdehdb lhd~smh$


5/14


GZ 56; >

;$: Umvab{hjmUmvab{hjm huh~ khchsh Mdbb{ms U}vab{hvc} #kn{hsh` eh{m ghuh khchsh ]~dhdm u}vas < kndu~g ehd

b{hvcnmd < lnd~`ms- ln{~vhghd ungdmg ehd sndm lndbhu~{ c~{~j lndbb~dhghd bhk~dbhd kndu~g c~{~j

onuhg, shmy jad, gnunkh`hd bh{ms, bh{ms vhde~ #`mdn `nhemdb-, ih{hg hgsh{h, ehd {~hdb c~{~j ~du~g

lndbchsm`ghd chsm` sndm hu~{hd c~{~j eh`hl kndu~g jmsmg huh~ embmuh`$

Vheh hrh`d}h h`vchknu `humd chd}h un{em{m eh{m ;8 c~{~j9 H, K, O, E, N, J, B, C, M, G, @, L, D, A, V, X,

[, _, U, Z, ehd S, gnl~emhd c~{~j ] ehd Y emuhlkhcghd eh`hl h`vchknu @humd ~du~g

lndbhgalaehsmghd ghuh }hdb kn{hsh` eh{m khchsh ]~dhdm$ Umbh c~{~j uhlkhchd I, ^ ehd R

emlhs~gghd vheh hkhe vn{undbhchd sncmdbbh i~l`hc gnsn`~{~chd h`vchknu `humd lndihem ;:$

Umvab{hjm emchsm`ghd ln`h`~m vndbhu~{ c~{~j, i~{~ umvab{hjm, h{ums b{hjmg, vndbh{hc sndm ehd vngn{ih

vn{gn{hdmhd$ I~{~ Umvab{hjm vn{dhc lndihem vngn{ihhd gc~s~s, unuhvm vndbb~dhhd galv~un{ un`hc

lnlk~gh {~hdb khbm vndbb~dh kmhsh ehd vn{ngh zms~h` bndn{hsm kh{~$

Umvab{hjm ln{~vhghd {nv{nsnduhsm zms~h` eh{m snk~hc kndu~g gal~dmghsm zn{kh` ehd ln{~vhghd

v{avn{um zms~h` }hdb vagag ehd njngumj$ Chem{d}h umvab{hjm eh`hl snk~hc lnemh un{vhd zms~h`

ln{~vhghd jhgua{ }hdb lnlknehghd hduh{h enshmd b{hjms ehd lnemh ngsv{nsm zms~h` `hmd snvn{um

`~gmshd$ @nrhu ghde~dbhd dm`hm j~dbsmadh` ehd dm`hm nsunumgd}h, c~{~j lnlm`mgm vaundsm ~du~glndun{inlhcghd hulasjm{hulasjm{ }hdb un{sm{hu eh`hl snk~hc gal~dmghsm zn{kh` }hdb emu~hdbghd

ln`h`~m hksu{hgsm kndu~gkndu~g zms~h`$

Vheh hgcm{d}h umvab{hjm }hdb khmg ch{~s lnlm`mgm e~h s}h{hu }hmu~ @nbmkm`mu} ehd [nhehkm`mu}$

@nbmkm`mu} heh`hc gnch{~shd snk~hc umvab{hjm ~du~g ehvhu un{`mchu endbhd in`hs endbhd ln`mchu

gnun{hu~{hd ih{hg, ~g~{hd, unbhsd}h bh{ms ehd unkh`d}h c~{~j$ _nehdbghd {nhehkm`mu} heh`hc gnch{~shd

snk~hc umvab{hjm ~du~g ehvhu un{khoh snoh{h kndh{ uhdvh lndmlk~`ghd hlkmb~muhs un{chehv

vnlkhohd}h$

;$2 M`~su{hsmM`~su{hsm kn{u~i~hd ~du~g lndhlvm`ghd mdja{lhsm endbhd gnun{hlvm`hd bhlkh{ uhdbhd ehd vnd~hdbhd

eh}h mlhimdhsm$ Lndbndhm bhlkh{ huh~ m`~su{hsm ehvhu em~dbghvghd ln`h`~m bhlkh{ uhdbhd huh~v~dln`h`~m jauab{hjm huh~ gne~hd}h ehd lndbb~dhghd ungdmg embmuh`$ J~dbsm ~uhlh eh{m m`~su{hsm mdm heh`hc

~du~g mdja{lhsm zms~h` unduhdb v{ae~g, vnde~g~db ungs, unduhdb vndnghdhd s~hu~ gnshd un{undu~ huh~

snkhbhm vndhdbghv lhuh ~du~g lndh{mg oh`ad vnlkn`m ~du~g lnlkhoh ungs$ Kn{ehsh{ghd

gnb~dhhdd}h, m`~su{hsm endbhd bhlkh{ vheh gnlhshd ehvhu emuhlvm`ghd kn{~vh kh{hdb v{ae~gd}h

snoh{h vnd~c huh~ bhlkh{ enuhm`d}h huh~v~d bhlkh{ }hdb kn{~vh cmhshd, huh~ a{dhlnd }hdb smlka`ms

shih$

Bhlkh{ ;$ M`~su{hsm lndbb~dhghd jauab{hjm


6/14


GZ 56; :

M`~su{hsm ln`h`~m bhlkh{ jauab{hjm sn{mdb emb~dhghd ~du~g ln}hgmdghd g~h`muhs msm kh{hdb7 gh{ndh `nkmc

lndhlvm`ghd gnd}huhhd kndeh un{snk~u$ Ch` mdm un{~uhlh sn{mdb emvhghm vheh gnlhshd kh{hdb

lhghdhd$ Endbhd jauab{hjm `nkmc lhlv~ lndbbhlkh{ghd khchd ehsh{ h`hlm eh{m msm v{ae~g un{snk~u

#sh}~{ snbh{, k~hck~hchd, ehbmdb, mghd ehd `hmd`hmd-$

J~dbsm gc~s~s m`~su{hsm hduh{h `hmd9

8$ Lnlkn{mghd kh}hdbhd snumhv gh{hgun{ em eh`hl on{muh;$ Lnlkn{mghd kh}hdbhd kndu~g h`huh`hu }hdb emb~dhghd em eh`hl u~`mshd m`lmhc?$ Lnlkn{mghd kh}hdbhd `hdbghc gn{ih5$ Lndbgal~dmghsmghd on{muh$>$ Lndbc~k~dbghd u~`mshd endbhd g{nhumzmuhs ehd mdemzme~h`muhs lhd~smh$:$ Lnlkn{mghd c~la{c~la{ un{undu~ ~du~g lndb~{hdbm {hsh kashd$2$ Ehvhu lndn{hdbghd gadsnvU~i~hd m`~su{hsm heh`hc ~du~g lndn{hdbghd lndbcmhsm huh~ ln`ndbghvm s~hu~ on{muh, u~`mshd, v~msm, huh~

mdja{lhsm zn{kh` `hmdd}h$ Emch{hvghd endbhd khdu~hd zms~h`, mdja{lhsm zn{kh` un{snk~u ehvhu `nkmc

l~ehc emon{dh$

;$3 Vsmgaàbm Hdhg _nga`hc Ehsh{ #^smh 2,8; Uhc~d-Kn{ehsh{ghd vndehvhu knkn{hvh a{hdb hc`m, vsmgaàbm vn{gnlkhdbhd mu~ ehvhu emh{umghd snkhbhm

kn{mg~u9

8$ $$$$ uchu k{hdoc aj vs}ocaàb} rcmoc su~emns v{aonss aj v{h hde vasu dhuh` b{aruc hde ucnlhu~{humad aj knchzma{$ #I$V$ Ochv`md, 8=2=-$

;$ Vsmgaàbm vn{gnlkhdbhd ln{~vhghd ohkhdb vsmgaàbm }hdb lnlvn`hih{m vn{~khchd umdbghc`hg~ ehd gnlhlv~hd snvhdihdb v{asns vn{gnlkhdbhd mdemzme~ eh{m l~`hm lhsh gadsnvsm shlvhm

lhum #[ass Zhsuh, egg$ 8==;-$Vsmgaàbm vn{gnlkhdbhd hdhg emvn{`~ghd b~dh lndndu~ghd su{hunbm lnemh }hdb hghd emb~dhghd$ ^smh

28; uhc~d heh`hc uhchv emlhdh hdhg s~ehc ehvhu lnlkndu~g avn{hsmavn{hsm lnduh` huhs

vndbnuhc~hd }hdb ln{ngh lm`mgm, sncmdbbh lnl~dbgmdghd ~du~g lnlnohcghd lhsh`hc snoh{h àbms$_n`hmd mu~ hdhg s~ehc l~`hm ehvhu kn{c~k~dbhd endbhd vn{msumrhvn{msumrh cmvaunsms huh~ hksu{hg$

Endbhd enlmgmhd hdhg s~ehc ehvhu kn`hih{ lndn{mlh mdja{lhsm }hdb umehg `hbm mlhimdhumj, dhl~d

gadg{nu ehd {hsmadh`$

;$3$8 Vn{gnlkhdbhd Mdun`ngu~h`Vheh ~smh snga`hc ehsh{ #28; uhc~d- hdhg s~ehc ehvhu ln`hgshdhghd gnbmhuhd gabdmumj ehd s~ehc

kn{vmgm{ gn h{hc {hsmadh`$ Vheh jhsn mdm, hdhg lnlm`mgm umbh gnlhlv~hd }hmu~ lndbg`hsmjmghsmghd,

lnd}~s~d huh~ lndbhsasmhsmghd km`hdbhd$ Gnlhlv~hd un{snk~u s~ehc o~g~v b~dh lnlkn{mghd

snk~hc lnemh endbhd dm`hm mdja{lhumj kn{dm`hm {hsmadh` ehd ehuhehuh kn{~vh hdbgh ehd gh`mlhu$

Vheh lhsh mdm v~`h hdhg s~ehc kmsh lndbhsasmhsmghd kndu~gkndu~g un{undu~ endbhd aking d}huh

ehd lnlknehghd mdja{lhsm gadg{nu ehd mlhimdhumj$ Vheh ~smh mdm v~`h kn{gnlkhdb gnmdbmdhd

~du~g lnlvn{uhd}hghd ehd lnlkn{m galnduh{ unduhdb mdja{lhsm }hdb emh ehvhu$

;$3$; Vn{gnlkhdbhd KhchshVheh hrh` ~smh snga`hc, hdhg s~ehc lndb~hshm sngmuh{ ;$>66 ghuh, ehd vheh lhsh hgcm{ #~smh 888;

uhc~d- un`hc ehvhu lndb~hshm sngmuh{ >6$666 ghuh #Hkmd _}hls~eemd L, 8==87 Dhdh _}haemc _$

8==6-$ Endbhd vndb~hshhd ghuh }hdb knbmu~ gh}h, vnlkn{mhd mdja{lhsm `nrhu gh`mlhugh`mlhu

s~ehc njngumj ~du~g emb~dhghd$

;$3$? Vn{gnlkhdbhd Laua{mgVheh jhsn mdm, bn{hg hdhg huh~ hgumzmuhs laua{mg hdhg s~ehc umdbbm$ Lhgh eh{m mu~ lhsh mdm menh`

~du~g kn`hih{ gnun{hlvm`hd }hdb kn{ghmuhd endbhd laua{mg, snvn{um lnd~`ms, lndbbhlkh{,

lndbnumg ehd kn{a`hc{hbh$ Lnemh mdun{hgumj shdbhu oaoag ~du~g emkn{mghd vheh jhsn mdm, sn`hmd

~du~g ln`humc gnlhlv~hd laua{mg, hdhgv~d hghd ln{hsh sndhdb gnumgh lndn{mlh mdja{lhsm }hdblnln{`~ghd vn{bn{hghd un{undu~, lmsh`d}h lnd}ndu~g huh~ lndbnumg$


7/14


GZ 56; 2

;$3$5 Uhchvhd Avn{hsmadh` Gadg{muUhchvhd mdm heh`hc uhchvhd gnumbh eh{m nlvhu uhchvhd$ L~do~` hduh{h ~smh ndhl shlvhm e~h kn`hs

uhc~d ehd lnlv~d}hm om{m kn{~vh vndbb~dhhd àbmgh }hdb lnlhehm$ V{asnsv{asns vndumdb

sn`hlh uhchvhd mdm heh`hc9

8 Vndb~{~uhd7 gnlhlv~hd ~du~g lndb~{~uhd aking lnd~{~u ~g~{hd, kndu~g, huh~ om{m `hmdd}h$Oaduacd}h, km`h emkn{m kndeh kn{kneh ~g~{hd, ln{ngh ehvhu lndb~{~ughdd}h eh{m kndeh }hdb

vh`mdb knsh{ gn }hdb vh`mdb gnom`$

; G`hsmjmghsm7 gnlhlv~hd ~du~g lnlkn{m dhlh ehd lndbmendumjmghsm sn{hdbghmhd kndehlnd~{~u uhlvm`hdd}h, ~g~{hdd}h, huh~ gh{hgun{msumg `hmd, un{lhs~g bhbhshd khcrh sn{hdbghmhd

kndehkndeh ehvhu lnd}n{uhghd kndeh `hmdd}h gn eh`hl {hdbghmhd un{snk~u$ Hdhg umehg `hbm

lnlm`mgm gnun{khuhshd àbmgh kn{~vh hdmlmsln #hdbbhvhd khcrh snl~h kndeh cme~v ehd

kn{vn{hshhd-

? Enondun{mdb7 hdhg l~`hm lnlvn{umlkhdbghd knkn{hvh hsvng eh{m s~hu~ vn{lhsh`hchd ~du~gkmsh lnlnohcghdd}h$ _nkhbhm oaduac hdhg umehg hghd `hbm lndbhdbbhv ohdbgm{ `nkh{ uhvm

vndeng `nkmc snemgmu msmd}h emkhdemdb ohdbgm{ gnom` }hdb umdbbm$5 [nzn{smkm`mu}7 hdhg l~`hm lnlhchlm khcrh i~l`hc huh~ kndehkndeh ehvhu em~khc, gnl~emhd

gnlkh`m gn gnhehhd hrh`$ ^du~g mu~, hdhg ehvhu endbhd onvhu lndndu~ghd khcrh 5'5 shlh

endbhd 3, 35 hghd shlh endbhd 5, i~l`hc snkn`~ld}h$

> Gadsn{zhsm7 lnlhchlm khcrh g~hdumuhs, vhdihdb, huh~ i~l`hc kndehkndeh heh`hc umehgkn{c~k~dbhd endbhd vndbhu~{hd huh~ uhlvm`hd eh{m aking huh~ kndehkndeh un{snk~u$ _nkhbhm

oaduac, km`h hdhg emkn{m ohdbgm{ }hdb sn~g~{hd ehd msmd}h shlh khd}hg, ln{ngh hghd uhc~ km`h

hm{ emu~hdbghd gn bn`hs `hmd }hdb ~g~{hdd}h kn{kneh, hm{ em bn`hs mu~ hghd unuhv shlh khd}hg

endbhd msm ohdbgm{ `hmd$

Vndbcm`hdbhd smjhu Nbasndu{mslngnlhlv~hd ~du~g ln`mchu sns~hu~ eh{m s~e~u vhdehdb a{hdb`hmd #khcghd shhu a{hdb un{snk~u kn{vmgm{ endbhd oh{h }hdb sh`hc-$ _nkhbhm oaduac, u~di~gghd

galmg }hdb lnlvn{`mchughd _mum lnd}mlvhd kadngh em eh`hl gauhg, `h`~ lndmdbbh`ghd {~hdbhd,

gnl~emhd îhdb lnlmdehcghd kadngh mu~ gn eh`hl `hom, snun`hc mu~ kh{~ _mum gnlkh`m gn {~hdbhd$

Hdhg eh`hl uhchv avn{hsm gadg{mu hghd lndbhuhghd khcrh _mum hghd unuhv lndbhdbbhv kadngh mu~

heh em eh`hl gauhg rh`h~ hdhg mu~ uhc~ khcrh kadngh mu~ s~ehc emvmdehcghd gn eh`hl `hom a`nc

îhdb$

;$3$> Uhchvhd Avn{hsmadh` Ja{lhÙhchv avn{hsmadh` ja{lh` heh`hc vn{maen un{hgcm{ vn{gnlkhdbhd gabdmumj eh`hl una{m Vmhbnu$

Uhchv mdm l~`hm emh`hlm hdhg eh`hl ~smh snkn`hs uhc~d #shhu v~kn{uhs- ehd un{~s kn{`hdi~u shlvhm

enrhsh$ Gh{hgun{msumg uhchv mdm heh`hc emvn{a`ncd}h gnlhlv~hd ~du~g kn{vmgm{ snoh{h hksu{hg,

lndh`h{ snoh{h àbms, ehd lndh{mg gnsmlv~`hd eh{m mdja{lhsm }hdb un{snemh$ Eh`hl uhchvhd mdm,snsna{hdb ehvhu lnlhchlm ch`ch` snvn{um omduh, k~gum àbms, ehd dm`hm$ Mh umehg ln`mchu snbh`h

sns~hu~ chd}h eh`hl kndu~g cmuhl ehd v~umc, dhl~d heh +b{hehsm hk~hk~+ em hduh{hd}h$ Em`mchu

eh{m jhgua{ kmaàbms, uhchvhd mdm l~do~` shhu v~kn{uhs #shhu un{ihem kn{khbhm vn{~khchd knsh{

`hmdd}h-, lndhdehm lhs~gd}h gn e~dmh enrhsh snoh{h jmsmaàbms, gabdmumj, vndh`h{hd la{h`,

vn{gnlkhdbhd vsmgasngs~h`, ehd vn{gnlkhdbhd sasmh`$ Knkn{hvh a{hdb umehg snvnd~cd}h

lndohvhm vn{gnlkhdbhd shlvhm uhchv mdm, sncmdbbh mh umehg lnlv~d}hm gnun{hlvm`hd kn{vmgm{

snkhbhm sna{hdb enrhsh ehd unuhv lndbb~dhghd vndh`h{hd eh{m uhchv avn{hsmadh` gadg{mu$


8/14


GZ 56; 3

? LNUAEN VN[HDOHDBHD

?$8 Lnuaen Vndb~lv~`hd EhuhEhuh }hdb hghd ema`hc emcmlv~d eh{m h{umgn` embmuh`, k~g~, chsm` rhrhdoh{h, s~{zn}, g~msmadn{ ehd

aksn{zhsm `hvhdbhd$

?$; Lnuaen Vndba`hchd EhuhLnuaen hdh`msms }hdb emb~dhghd ~du~g lndba`hc ehuh mh`hc lnuaen hdh`msms _RAU ehd lnuaen

>R';C$ Gne~h lnuaen emb~dhghd ~du~g lndbmendumjmghsm lhsh`hc sn{uh lndoh{m sa`~sm$

?$;$8 Lnuaen Hdh`msms _RAUHdh`msms _RAU heh`hc lnuaen hdh`msms huh~ su{hunbm }hdb emb~dhghd ~du~g lndbnzh`~hsm smjhu huh~

gh{hgun{msumg eh{m snk~hc aking, }hmu~ gng~huhd #su{ndbucs-, gn`nlhchd #rnhgdnssns-, vn`~hdb

#avva{u~dmumns-, ehd hdohlhd #uc{nhus-$ V{asns mdm emb~dhghd ~du~g lndoh{m ih`hd gn`~h{ ~du~g

lnlk~hu su{hunbm }hdb oaoag$

Bhlkh{ ?$ Hdh`msms _RAU

?$;$; Lnuaen Hdh`msms >R;C>R;C Lnuaen mdm ln`mdbg~vm kn{khbhm vn{uhd}hhd lndehsh{ snvn{um9 Rchu, Rcn{n, Rca, Rcnd,

Rc}, Car ehd Car L~oc #Hvh, Emlhdh, _mhvh, Ghvhd, Lndbhvh, Khbhmlhdh ehd Kn{hvh

Khd}hg-$

Vndin`hshd lndbndhm s~ks~k eh{m lnuaen >R';C hduh{h`hmd9 Rchu ln`mdbg~vm lndbndhm aking

}hdb hghd em{hdohdb, hvh shih indmsd}h, hvh }hdb emk~u~cghd ehd `hmd snkhbhmd}h, rca `nkmc emumumg

kn{hughd gnvheh smhvh }hdb kn{ghmuhd endbhd snk~hc gnihemhd, eh`hl s~hu~ vn{hdohdbhd, Rcn{n

emb~dhghd ~du~g lndbnuhc~m unlvhuunlvhu }hdb kn{c~k~dbhd eh`hl s~hu~ vn{lhsh`hchd }hdb

cndehg emhdbghu, rcnd kn{j~dbsm ~du~g lndbnuhc~m ghvhd vn{hdohdbhd hghd em`hg~ghd, sn{uhghvhd v~`h vn{hdohdbhd un{snk~u hghd emvn{b~dhghd, rc} ehvhu lndihem `hdehshd lndbndhm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Wshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Ws


9/14


GZ 56; =

lhgs~e ehd u~i~hd vn{hdohdbhd, lndbhvh vn{hdohdbhd mdm emhdbbhv vndumdb ~du~g uh{bnu

h~emndon, ~du~g lhs}h{hghu, lh~v~d ~du~g sm vn{hdohdb mu~ sndem{m$ Car ln{~vhghd khbmhd

ngsng~sm }hdb lndin`hsghd khbhmlhdh gnihemhd kn{`hdbs~db$ Car l~oc emvn{b~dhghd ~du~g

lndb~g~{ e~{hsm vn{hdohdbhd$

5 GHMUHD ENDBHD VN[HD EGZ5$8 Mendumjmghsm Lhsh`hch$ G~{mg~`~l }hdb lnlknkhdghd m`l~ vndbnuhc~hd gnvheh smsrh }hdb snkndh{d}h ln{ngh umehg

vn{`~ e~`~ ~du~g emohvhmd}h snoh{h gabdmumj$

k$ Lnemh hùn{dhumzn vnlkn`hih{hd }hdb onden{~db emcmdeh{m$o$ G~{hdbd}h mlv`nlnduhsm gnm`l~hd EGZ eh`hl lnemh vnde~g~db vnlkn`hih{hd$5$; V{ak`nl _uhunlnduLnemh hùn{dhumj vnlkn`hih{hd ~du~g hdhg }hdb lhsmc kn`~l heh huh~ emb~dhghd snoh{h njngumj em

snga`hc, lnd}nkhkghd smsrh snga`hc ehsh{ ch{~s lnlvn`hih{m lhun{mlhun{m endbhd kakau }hdb o~g~v

kn{hu, }hdb snkndh{d}h kn`~l vn{`~ emvn`hih{m$

5$? V{ak`nl _a`~umadLn{hdohdb lnemh hùn{dhumj vnlkn`hih{hd m`l~ hsu{adalm gc~s~sd}h uhuh s~{}h kn{~vh lnemh h~ema

zms~h` }hdb lndh{mg ~du~g hdhghdhg vndememghd ehsh{ endbhd vndbbbh}hhd ehd gal~dmghsm }hdb

sns~hm endbhd lnl~hu mdja{lhsm }hdb {n`nzhd vheh shhu mdm$

5$5 Rchu Ua _h}Kn{ehsh{ghd mdsmbcu }hdb emehvhu eh{m oads~ln{ ia~{dn} uh{bnu lh{gnu, }hmu~ _ndhdb endbhd ch`kh{~, lhgh emundu~ghd rchu ua sh}@nkmc enghu endbhd uhuh s~{}h

5$> Car Ua _h}

Ln{hdohdb lnemh kn`hih{ }hdb sns~hm ~du~g uh{bnu h~emndon endbhd uadn }hdb `nkmc on{mh,lndbb~dhghd khchsh }hdb mdun{hgumj ehd lnd}ndhdbghd snoh{h vsmgaàbm uh{bnu h~emndon endbhd

lnlhdjhhughd ungdaàbm }hdb heh kn{~vh zmena h~ema zms~h`$ Lndbb~dhghd zms~h`, b{hjms, unghs ehd

gh{hgun{gh{hgun{ }hdb ln{nv{nsnduhsmghd kndehkndeh `hdbmu enlm un{shlvhmghdd}h mdja{lhsm snoh{h

l~ehc$ Lnlkn{mghd mdja{lhsm zn{kh` endbhd lndbb~dhghd dh{hsm }hdb emsns~hmghd endbhd

vsmgaàbms uh{bnu h~emndon$

5$: Uh{bnu H~emndon8$ Enlab{hjms 9

h$ 868; uhc~dk$ @hgm`hgm ehd vn{nlv~hdo$ Ngadalm lndndbhc gn huhse$ L~{me _E

;$ Bnab{hjms 9h$ Gauh Knsh{k$ Mdeadnsmh

?$ Vsmgab{hjms 9h$ Ln`ng ungdaàbmk$ Kmsh lndbavn{hsmgh vn{hdbghu vnl~uh{ lnemho$ _ndhdb endbhd jm`l gh{u~de$ Kn{gal~dmghsm ln`h`~m chdevcadnn$ Ehvhu lnd~`ms ehd lnlkhoh endbhd `hdoh{


10/14


GZ 56; 86

5$2Oads~ln{ MdsmbcuLn`h`~m oads~ln{ ia~{dn} }hdb em`hg~ghd un{chehv uh{bnu h~emndon ehvh emsmlv~`ghd khcrh hdhg

hdhg ~smh snga`hc ehsh{ lnd}~ghm gnkh{~hd eh`hl gncme~vhdd}h, eh`hl {~umdmuhsd}h v~d sn`h`~

lndoh{m ch` kh{~ }hdb ehvhu ln{ngh unl~ghd$ Rh`h~v~d ln{ngh umehg sndhdb kn`hih{ snoh{h

gadzndsmadh` ln`h`~m k~g~ vhgnu vnlkn`hih{hd }hdb emkn{mghd snga`hc, dhl~d ln{ngh lnd}~ghm oh{h

kn`hih{ endbhd lnemh h`un{dhumzn `hmd$ Ehvhu emghuhghd endbhd `nkmc smdbghu khcrh ln{ngh sndhdbendbhd ch` kh{~$

5$3 _u{hunbm G{nhumj

5$3$8 Gadsnv Zms~h`h$ Lndbb~dhghd bh}h zms~h` gh{u~d }hdb smlvn`$k$ Lndbb~dhghd rh{dhrh{dh on{hc }hdb `nkmc ems~ghm a`nc hdhghdhg$o$ Laumad }hdb smlvn` ehd emdhlms, lnlk~hu gh{hgun{ `nkmc cme~v uhdvh bn{hghd }hdb

kn{`nkmchd$

e$ Vndagachd umhv gh{hgun{ snoh{h svnsmjmg sncmdbbh un{`mchu emjn{ndsmhsm hduh{ uagac ~du~glnl~ehcghd mdja{lhsm }hdb emon{dh$

n$ Emkn{mghdd}h bnsu~{n ~du~g lndbcme~vghd gh{hgun{ sn{uh lnde~g~db ih`hd on{muh$j$

Bh}h dh{hsm }hdb `nkmc ghs~h` ehd mdun{hgumj sncmdbbh vndaduad ln{hsh `nkmc em`mkhughd eh`hlvnlkn{mhd mdja{lhsm$

5$3$; Gh{hgun{^du~g lnl~ehcghd un{shlvhmghdd}h mdja{lhsm un{chehv hdhghdhg emb~dhghd enshmd gh{hgun{

}hdb kn{knehkneh sncmdbbh hdhghdhg emch{hvghd l~ehc lndbmdbhu indmsindms kndeh `hdbmu

kn{ehsh{ghd gh{hgun{msumg }hdb embhlkh{ghd eh`hl gh{hgun{gh{hgun{ snoh{h zms~h`$

_numhv gh{hgun{ lnrhgm`m kndehkndeh hdbghsh }hdb heh vheh uhuh s~{}h endbhd vndhlvm`hd }hdb

ln{nv{nsnduhsmghd gh{hgun{msumg lhsmdblhsmdb kndeh hdbghsh$ _numhv gh{hgun{ lnlm`mgm bnsu~{n

}hdb ~dmg sns~hm endbhd vn{hd enlm lnde~g~db h`~{ on{muh, laae ehd mdja{lhsm }hdb emkn{mghd$

Bhlkh{ 5$ Gh{hgun{ v`hdnu


11/14


GZ 56; 88

Bhlkh{ >$ Gh{hgun{ kndeh `hdbmu `hmdd}h

5$3$? _nuumdbKnkn{hvh `huh{ emb~dhghd eh`hl vn{hdohdbhd laumad b{hvcmo ~du~g lnde~g~db h`~{ on{muh em

eh`hld}h$ _nuumdb lndbb~dhghd ghlh{ sna{hdb hdhg }hdb emsns~hmghd endbhd uh{bnu h~emndon,

hbh{ ln{ngh ln{hsh snvn{um snehdb kn{heh eh`hl `mdbg~dbhd }hdb jhlm`mh{, endbhd knbmu~

emch{hvghd hdhg hghd d}hlhd gnumgh lnd}hgsmghd zmena$ Kn{mg~u heh`hc `huh{ }hdb emb~dhghd 9

Bhlkh{ :$ @huh{ lnih kn`hih{


12/14


GZ 56; 8;

Bhlkh{ 2$ @huh{ lnih kn`hih{ ehd inden`h

Bhlkh{ 3$ @huh{ ghlh{


13/14


GZ 56; 8?

5$3$5 @aba@aba }hdb emb~dhghd ~du~g avndmdb umu`n ehd gnvn{`~hd onuhg$

Bhlkh{ =$ @aba

5$3$> Umvab{hjm

Umvab{hjm }hdb emb~dhghd heh`hc jadu Umum``m~lUnu85@

Bhlkh{ 86$ Umvab{hjm

> GN_MLV^@HDEndbhd lndbb~dhghd lnemh h~ema zms~h` }hdb sns~hm endbhd uh{bnu h~emndon, lhgh mdja{lhsm hghd

un{shlvhmghd endbhd khmg ehd unvhu$ Lnemh }hdb em{hdohdb lndbb~dhghd zms~h` }hdb smlvn` endbhd

rh{dh }hdb on{hc, lndbb~dhghd dh{hsm }hdb on{mh ehd ghs~h`, lnl~do~`ghd gh{hgun{ }hdb svnsmjmg

~du~g lnlkn{mghd galvh{hsm hduh{ mdja{lhsm shu~ ehd `hmdd}h endbhd uhlkhchd ungs ehd b{hjmg ~du~g

lnde~g~db l~huhd mdja{lhsm }hdb sns~hm endbhd g~{mg~`~l hdhg ~smh snga`hc ehsh{$ Endbhd kn`hih{

ln`h`~m lnemh }hdb lnd}ndhdbghd, lhgh hdhghdhg emch{hvghd hghd lndh{~c lmdhu ehd smghv

un{chehv m`l~ hsu{adalm gn`hg$


14/14


GZ 56; 85

Ehjuh{ V~suhgh

Ehln{mh, Hddn$ #;662-$ Oaà{ khsmo$Ihgh{uh9 @mdg Lhuoc B{hvcmo

_hdu{ag, Iacd R$ #;66;-$ @mjn _vhd Enznàvlndu9 Vn{gnlkhdbhd Lhsh Cme~v, Nemsm > Im`me 8$ Ihgh{uh9

N{`hdbbh

]~s~j, _$ @D$ #;66>-$ Vsmgaàbm Vn{gnlkhdbhd Hdhg * [nlhih$ Khde~db9 VU [nlhih [asehgh{}h

LoOà~e, _oauu$ #;66:- Lhgmdb Oalmos 9 _ua{}un``mdb _no{nus Aj Oalmos, Lhdbh Hde B{hvcmo

Dazn`s$ Dnr ]a{g 9 Ch{vn{

V`~lln{, Lh{}$#;662-$ Umu`n Ensmbd Nssndumh`s Ja{ Jm`l Hde Zmena$ Kn{gn`n} 9 Vnhocvmu V{nss

Rmgmvnemh Ndb`msc$#Jnk{~h{}, ;688-$ Hsu{adal}$ [nu{mnzne Daznlkn{, ;688, j{al

cuuv9!!nd$rmgmvnemh$a{b!rmgm!Hsu{adal}

Rmihdh{ga, @$ #;66=, _nvunlkn{-$ Ehsh{ Vnlhghmhd Rh{dh eh`hl enshmd b{hjms$ [nu{mnzne Daznlkn{

;688, j{al cuuv9!!rrr$hc`menshmd$oal!ehsh{vnlhghmhdrh{dheh`hlenshmdb{hjms$

Galvhs Mdeadnsmh$#Jnk{~h{}, ;688-$ Hsu{adal}$ [nu{mnzne Ensnlkn{, ;688, j{al

cuuv9!!shmds$galvhs$oal!hsu{adalm

Ghsg~s Mdeadnsmh$ #Ihd~h{} ;686-$ H`` Hka~u Laumad B{hvcmo$ [nu{mnzne Daznlkn{, ;68, j{al

cuuv9!!rrr$ghsg~s$~s!scaruc{nhe$vcv1u

seminar tugas akhir sidang 3 ; perancangan motion graphic pengenalan tata surya

Documents