1/16/2012

Rumah Gonjong Baanjuangan Sitinjau Lauik | Alfa Noranda

Artikel merupakan tugas dalam perkuliahanSejarah Museum Pascasarjana Arkeologi UGM, 2012

Idiom Ideal Museum

I

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ................................................................................................................. I

Picture List ........................................................................................................................... II

Table List ............................................................................................................................ III

REFERENSI/REFERENCE ......................................................................................................... IV

1 Rumah Bagonjong as Museum Minangkabau ............................................................ 1

1.1 Museum .............................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Minangkabau ...................................................................................................... 1

1.3 Rumah Gadang is Material Culture ..................................................................... 2

2 Museum Purpose ........................................................................................................ 2

3 Minangkabau Sub Etnich will presented to museum Rumah Bagonjong................... 3

3.1 Museum Exibition ............................................................................................... 9

3.1.1 Permanent Exibition .................................................................................... 9

3.1.2 Temprorary exibiton ................................................................................. 10

3.2 Place of exhibition ............................................................................................. 12

3.3 Collection .......................................................................................................... 12

3.4 Reason ............................................................................................................... 13

3.5 Significant .......................................................................................................... 13

3.5.1 Identity. ..................................................................................................... 14

3.5.2 Eternal. ...................................................................................................... 14

3.5.3 Knowledge. ................................................................................................ 14

3.5.4 Learning. .................................................................................................... 14

3.5.5 Recognize .................................................................................................. 14

3.5.6 Entertaint .................................................................................................. 14

4 Administration .......................................................................................................... 15

5 Inventaris Card .......................................................................................................... 16

II

Picture List

Picture 1.Rumah Gadang, Bagonjong, Type Sitinjau Lauik. (Pagaruyung Palace) .............. 6

Picture 2. Space Fungtion, Rumah Gadang, Rumah Bagonjong, Sitinjau Lauik .................. 7

Picture 3.Space Fungtion of Museum ................................................................................. 8

Picture 4. Vignette of Visitor Direction in the first floor ................................................... 9

Picture 5. Vignette of Visitor Direction in second floor ................................................... 10

Picture 6. Inventaris Card .................................................................................................. 16

III

Table List

Tabel 1. Traditional Speech ................................................................................................. 4

IV

REFERENSI/REFERENCE

E Book

Edited by James J. Fox. 2006. Inside Austronesian Houses Perspectives on domestic designs for living. A publication of the Department of Anthropology as part of the Comparative Austronesian Project, Research School of Pacific Studies. ANU E Press. The Australian National University Canberra (ACT). Australia

Elfida Agus. Kajian Topologi, Morfologi dan Tipologi pada Rumah Gadang Minangkabau. Artikel. Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Perencanaan, Universitas Bung Hatta. Padang

Admin. 2006 . Rumah Gadang. Cimbuak - Forum Silaturahmi dan Komunikasi Masyarakat Minangkabau. http://www.cimbuak.net

Efrizal. Estetika dalam Seni Ukir Minangkabau. Seni Rupa (FBSS) Universitas Negeri Padang

Articel

Sagita, Novia. Community Based Museum: Traditional Curation in Women’s Weaving Culture.

Sektiadi. Politic in The Museum: the Apprearances of the Museum Sonobudoyo and Monumen Yogya Kembali, Yogyakarta. Articel.

Tanudirjo, Daud Aris. Menuju Kebangkitan Permuseuman Indonesia Reposisi Museum di Indonesia. Articel. In seminar “Museum Repotition in Indonesia” Celebrate 100 Year Indonesian Conciusness. National Conciusness Museum. 2008 .

Weil, Stephen E. Rethingking The Museum and other Meditations. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. 1990

Book

Noranda, Alfa. Management Recommendations of the Historical Building in Chinatown Area, Padang City. Mini Thesis. Archaeological Department, Faculty Cultural of Science, Gadjah Mada University. 2009

website

http://palantaminang.wordpress.com/rumah-gadang/ http://epress.anu.edu.au/inside_citation.html http://www.google.co.id/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=rumah%20gadang%20minangkabau%20kot

o%20piliang&source=web&cd=10&ved=0CFoQFjAJ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fab.utm.my%2Fdownload%2FConferenceSemiar%2FICCI2006S5PP04.pdf&ei=dXjfTtFXiLKsB_-_wdII&usg=AFQjCNHJw_YTO7GWvTH4gzotdnhVjSPGlg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumah_Gadang http://www.anneahira.com/rumah-gadang-sumatera-barat.htm http://fosil73.wordpress.com/

V

http://kamaribedo.blogspot.com http://kayurumahku.blogspot.com/2008/11/apa-itu-rumah-gadang.html http://mmzrarebooks.blogspot.com/2011/01/indie-in-woord-en-beeld-1924.html http://mozaikminang.wordpress.com http://allaboutminangkabau.blogspot.com

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1 Rumah Bagonjong as Museum Minangkabau

1.1 Museum

Museum means a beauty, that’s meaning is provide by Greek definition. Than, museum can be recognize as the place that held an exibition of the beauty.

In other side Kevin Flude (2006) write, museum mean is a place/building in which object of interest or significat are store or exibited1

International Comition of Museum (ICOM, 2006) also definite museum is non profit organization has signification for natural and cultural in heritance of humanity, the activity included to preserve, to interprete, and to promote it, with maintain collection hold them in trust for benefit of society and its development

.

2

Daud Tanudirjo, 2008 says museum is the mirror to see and now other difference culture. It is mean in the museum, the visitor can see other culture which is difference from their own culture.

. So that why In the present museum has a purpose is to preserve, to study and to communicate the collection which they have with the etich they have.

3

1.2 Minangkabau

Minangkabau as once Landscape Etnich Culture in Indonesia, present minangkabau location is can be find in the west sumatera province. West of indonesia equator, in the east of Indian Ocean. West Sumatera Provience capital city is Padang, this town have a plural etnich such as, Arab, Java, Batak, Jepang, Melayu, Minang, Tionghoa, Tamil, Indo-Eropa 4

1 http://www.chr.org.uk/Museums/musmeaningdict.htm 2 ICOM code etich for museum 3 Menuju Kebangkitan Museum, Reposisi Museum di Indonesia. Articel. Jakarta. Mei 2008. 4 Management recomendation of The Historical Building in China Town Area, Padang City. Page 19. Mini Thesis. 2009

. Specifically for Minang, they have a sub etnich such as Koto, Piliang, Tanjung, Guci, Chaniago, Jambak, etc.

Sumatera barat has a variaty of landscape, they have hill, mountain, and coastal area. Its variety of natural resouce to support their life, and impact to their etnich culture.

Etnich Culture that has another characteristic from the other etnhich culture. It is can see from the family sistem, they usually use matriachat. Matriachat is mother line, the child from this family get mother inheritance. This is diferent with indonesian etnich in general which is use patriachat sistem.

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Minangkabau as an etnich have non-material and material culture as a colection. Non-material culture mean, every single of human behavior that has a hight value and meaning, its also has a beauty value with it such as concept to life, the way of life, how to liife, etnich dance, etnich speech, and etnich ceremonial, etc. And material culture are an artefact, feature and ecofac that represent of the idea value which applicate in the real life, it is produce from nature and industrial substance.

1.3 Rumah Gadang is Material Culture

Material culture is a beauty creation of humanity, in minangkabau also can be find many of kind of it. One of them that can be find till now is Rumah Gadang (Ancient Minangkabau House).

Efrizal 2010 says that, Minangkabau found on colosal house basicly have hand in glove philosophic meaning of its relation with esthetics concept and philosophy life of society minangkabau 5

2 Museum Purpose

. It is mean when wanted to know minangkabau culture, can be seen from the traditional house. Because the ancient house put the knowledge at the house. Its make the house become very important to know, “Recognize the Ancient House Know the People Behavior”.

Adobt to ICOM 6

Minangkabau one of oldes Matriarchat family sistem in the World has a cultural product in Indonesia, Should to be Study.

and try to implementation the ide about museum in minangkabau culture, i like to present ideal concept of museum. The ideal museum which has a starting point from:

Minangkbwa is a landscape of culture now recognise as “Minangkabau” has a cultural product, Should to be Preserve.

Minangkabau has a big risk in this century, many of threat will become a succesy to make this component of this culture be lost, and globalization in the new millenium have an impact to revolution of sistem society, that why we need to preserve it.

To preserve mean take care the colection, protect the collection and long lasting the collection. In this case i like to care, to protect, and long lasting the part of minangkabau ancient house.

5 Ranah Seni. Journal Seni dan Desain. Volume 03 no 02, Maret 2010. 6 In Sektiadi. Politic in The Museum: the Apprearances of the Museum Sonobudoyo and Monumen Yogya Kembali, Yogyakarta.

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As an oldes matriachat sistem, minangkabau has a such of information that need to study. In the sistem still has many of secret to know about, this is some kind opportunity to make a study.

To study mean to describe the dimension, the form, the material, the history, the culture, the age of the object, belongging, etc, the most thing we should give attention is to find a map or custom of the value conscious the collection have in it.

Minangkabau has an interesting Cultural Product as a non-material and material culture, Should to be Communicate.

After give an awareness to preserve and value study the collection which is categories in to material and non-material object, than we should communicated it to the public or visitor. We cannot inform it with unrippe information, we must give the right way to inform it, that way we should give attention to the method of communication.

To communication mean here is give a simple, real, and accurate information, and easily connected the colection and the vistor.

May be it’s someway it’s seem like a Community Based Museum7

In some way i like to adobt of Stephen E. Well perpective about museum responsibilities is to colect, to conserve, to study, to interpret, and to exibhit which is takken from Joseph Veach Noble in museum issue 1970

but is it not. Because it’s in the room and had a collectin in the some space and has a clear storyline.

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3 Minangkabau Sub Etnich will presented to museum Rumah Bagonjong

.

So, which minangkabau material i like to present in the idial museum. Rumah Bagonjong once of material culture that minangkabau people have, rumah bagonjong is belong to sub-etnich minangkabau which call as keselarasan koto piliang.

Koto Piliang is tranformation form from sangskerta languange, in sangskerta they say Kerta Philehyang. The mean is Kerta; prosperous : Phile; happiness/sorrow : Hyang; god/king. So the meaning of this sub-etnich is Prosperous of happiness(sorrow) god(king).

7 Sagita, Novia. Community Based Museum: Traditional Curation in Women’s Weaving Culture. 8 Weil, Stephen E. Rethingking The Museum and other Meditations.

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Koto Piliang are Monarchy category sub-etnich in minangkabau, they have philosophy “Bajanjang Naiak, Batanggo Turun” its mean ladder to top, scale to Button. The sub-etnich is developt by Sutan Paduko alias Datuak Katumanggungan (1186 C).

This history and philosophy can see in the Rumah Bagonjong. The other name is Sitinjau Lauik or Rumah Baanjungan (stage/raised platform house). This building was the main building in the complex of Rumah Bagonjong.

Streamly, there is more component in the complex, we can find rangkiang, the kitchen, Embankment, Lasuang (place to pound Padi), hedge, Orange Jessamine (plant) that separate from the main building.

Here is some of locally literate for Rumah Bagonjong/Sitinjau Lauik or “Rumah Gadang Sambilan Ruang” its usually used in Minangkabau traditional speech :

Tabel 1. Minangkabau Traditional Speech about Rumah Gadang

Rumah gadang sambilan ruang,

salanja kudo balari, sapakiak budak maimbau,

sajariah kubin malayang.

Gonjongnyo rabuang mambasuik,

antiang-antiangnyo disemba alang.

Rumah gadang sembilan ruang,

selanjar kuda berlari, sepekik budak menghimbau,

sejerih kubin melayang.

Gonjongnya rebung membersit,

anting-anting disambar elang.

Parabuangnyo si ula gerang,

batatah timah putiah,

barasuak tareh limpato,

Cucurannyo alang babega,

saga tasusun bak bada mudiak.

Perabungnya si ular gerang,

bertatah timah putih,

berasuk teras limpato.

Cucurannya elang berbegar,

sagar tersusun bagai badar mudik.

Parannyo si ula gerang batata aia ameh,

salo-manyalo aia perak.

Jariaunyo puyuah balari,

indah sungguah dipandang mato,

tagamba dalam sanubari.

Parannya bak si bianglala, bertatah air emas,

sela-menyela air perak.

Jeriaunya puyuh berlari,

indah sungguh dipandang mata,

tergambar dalam sanubari.

Dindiang ari dilanja paneh.

Tiang panjang si maharajo lelo,

tiang pangiriang mantari dalapan,

Dinding ari dilanjar panas.

Tiang panjang si maharajalela,

tiang pengiring menteri delapan,

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tiang dalapan, tiang tapi panagua jamu,

tiang dalam puti bakabuang.

tiang tepi penegur tamu,

tiang dalam putri berkabung.

Ukiran tonggak jadi ukuran,

batatah aia ameh,

disapuah jo tanah kawi,

kamilau mato mamandang.

Ukiran tonggak jadi ukuran,

bertatah air emas,

disepuh dengan tanah kawi,

kemilau mata memandang.

dama tirih bintang kemarau.

Batu tala pakan camin talayang.

cibuak mariau baru sudah.

Pananjua parian bapantua.

Damar tiris bintang kemarau.

Batu telapakan cermin terlayang,

Cibuk meriau baru sudah,

penanjur perian ber pantul.

Gadih manumbuak jolong gadang,

ayam mancangkua jolong turun,

lah kanyang baru disiuahkan,

Jo panggalan sirantiah dolai,

ujuangnyo dibari bajambua suto.

Gadis menumbuk jolong gadang,

ayam mencangkur jolong turun,

sudah kenyang baru dihalaukan,

dengan galah sirantih dolai,

ujungnya diberi berjambul sutera.

Ado pulo bakolam ikan,

aianyo bagai mato kuciang,

lumpua tido lumuikpun tido,

ikan sapek babayangan,

ikan gariang jinak-jinak,

ikan puyu barandai ameh.

Ada pula kolam ikan,

airnya bagai mata kucing,

berlumpur tidak berlumut pun tidak,

ikan sepat berlayangan,

ikan garing jinak-jinak,

ikan puyu beradai emas.

Rangkiangnyo tujuah sajaja,

di tangah si tinjau lauik,

panjapuik dagang lalu,

paninjau pancalang masuak,

di kanan si bayau bayau,

lumbuang makan patang pagi,

di kiri si tangguang lapa,

tampek si miskin salang tenggang,

panolong urang kampuang

di musim lapa gantuang tungku,

lumbuang Kaciak salo nanyalo,

Rangkiangnya tujuh sejajar,

di tengah sitinjau laut,

penjemput dagang lalu,

peninjau pencalang masuk,

di kanan si bayau-bayau,

lumbung makan petang pagi,

di kiri si tanggung lapar,

tempat si miskin selang tenggang,

penolong orang kampung,

di musim lapar gantung tungku,

lumbung kecil sela-menyela,

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tampek manyimpan padi abuan. tempat menyimpan padi abuan.9

The speech descripe how is koto pilang house look like.

Picture 1.Rumah Gadang, Bagonjong, Type Sitinjau Lauik. (Pagaruyung Palace)

As picture 1, the literaty decripe the main building of rumah bagonjong. This building has an uniqe architecture model, it’s form has 3 part base, body and roof.

Base of rumah bagonjong is floating, it’s threshold from the ground every pillar of this house used a support from stone caled sandi, it’s has a connection with the tipicale of geological condition for filtering fulsation of the earthquaek and it’s also preseve the pillar from vapor of the ground.

there is free space in the button of the house, i not sure what is the fungtion but, at the present many of rumah gadang use the freespace to domestication of livestock such as chiken, duck and sheep.

The body rumah bagonjong has a uniiqe style, it’s lengthwise from north to south. The body have a section usually the standart of the section is 1/3 for private room and 2/3 for public room, on the north point and south point we can find anjungan or platform of room. This place has a struktural fungtion in the society sistem, the highess position of panghulu can sit overthere.

The roof also have an uniqe style, many schoolar in Indonesia believe the roof is adobting the bufallo horn. in the architecture style, the roof is very usefull

9 http://www.cimbuak.net/content/view/1031/7/

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for the tropical geographical season. And in the traditional system the roof is a simbol and has a meaning.

As the speech has descript before, rumah bagonjong has a layout of spacial, here you can see how it look like:

Picture 2. Space Fungtion, Rumah Gadang, Rumah Bagonjong, Sitinjau Lauik

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This rumah gadang area will be adabting to become museum complex. Here you can see how it will look like :

Picture 3.Space Fungtion of Museum

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3.1 Museum Exibition

At present museum has a fungtion as a exibition place of object. An exibition has devided in two categories, permanen exibition and temporary exibition. In this idiom of ideal museum, i will try to adobting a Rumah Bagonjong space to present the exibition. Rumah bagonjong has 2 (two) stage/floor, base room and upper room, i will use base room as a permanent exibition and upper room for the temprooray exibition.

3.1.1 Permanent Exibition

As i plant permanent exibition will be held in the base room, this room has a same form like look the other floor in this building but the different is no anjungan in this room, see picture bellow;

Picture 4. Vignette of Visitor Direction in the first floor

As you see in the base ground on the permanent exibition the visitor starting from the left side of the room, the collection will began with introduction of Minangkabau etnich, minang people present by sub-etnich in the [sosial life, startification life, religy life, education life, modern art, language which use, and technology in daily,] than followed by natural potetial in heritance, [geographic, forrest, sea, mineral, mine, volcano]. The purpose of this kind of exibition is to prone position of the concious of their identity and potenty which is sleep for long time.

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3.1.2 Temprorary exibiton

Temprorary exibiton has a purpose in the presenting a single theme of collection, on this i like to present a philosophie of Rumah Gadang, Bagonjong, Sitinjau Lauik. This house is once of a several minangkabau house, it’s very hard to fine people create this house anymore, because in the economic perspective it is very expensive to make this house, in the other side this house has many value in the philoshopy that can be study. Modernity has change how minangkabau seen about the house, modernity change the value of the people life, and modernity has change the people to act.

Picture 5. Vignette of Visitor Direction in second floor

3.1.2.1 Entering Registration Area

On this area, the collection which will presenting is about the collection that has corelation with the proses rumah bagonjong building proses. When The visitor enter the area they will find information and ticketing counter, in this room visitor can buy a ticket and find the leaflead that presenting information about exibition.

3.1.2.2 Substance

After that visitor will entering to the collection room, first collection that they will find is the substance that needed to build the rumah gadang, such as a kind of timber, palm fiber, iron sheeting, and etc. Than after that, they will see what ceremonial was held when the substance completed such as bull sacrifice for the land and timber lubricate with special ingredient for the kayu tuo etc.

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3.1.2.3 Craftman

Than, the visitor will find craftman toll room, in this room variety of tolls was presented to the visitor such as wood gavel, chisel, notch etc. In the next room visitor will be presenting with ceremonial that applicate by craftman before they start to build Rumah Bagajong.

3.1.2.4 Carved Object

In the next room is carved object room, in this room visitor will find a kind of carved object with variety kind it’s usually used in rumah bagonjong wall. Not only the carved, philosophy value is also presented with the object.

3.1.2.5 Frame Standing Proses

The first thing in the building proses of rumah bagonjong is standing the kayu tuo, the old wood posiition is in the center of the building, it’s continius with the other part of rumah bagonjong frame, than following by timbering the roof.

3.1.2.6 Body Building Process

After standing the frame of Rumah Bagonjong, it’s the time for filling the part body, the body section consist from wall, windows and door. In this area the visitor will see how the wall was pair, the windows and the door is create than following by pairing them.

3.1.2.7 Ceremonial After Building Process

After the building proses the visitor can find the ceremonial which helded after. What is ceremonial purpose, and how it’s held will be presented in this area.

3.1.2.8 Rumah Bagonjong Form

In this area, visitor will find the form of rumah bagonjong and the variety of it. As specialy Koto Piliang variation.

3.1.2.9 Utilazion Rumah Bagonjong Present

In this Area visitor can realize what is and how is rumah bagonjong utilized in the present, and in this area visitor also can find the transformation fungtion of some part rumah bagonjong room.

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Chart. 1. Temprorary Exhibition

3.2 Place of exhibition

Exhibition will be held in Kota Padang, the capital of West sumatera Provience. Padang geographic posisition is 0°44’00”-1º08’38” SLat and 100°05’05”-100°34’09” Elong, beside mainland padang city also have 19 island in the administration area. Padang posisition for lowland is 1-5 meter above sea level, the highland between 50-100 meter above sea level in the east of padang we can find the hill wich has hight between 300-1835 meter above sea level. So, padang city hight is between 0-1835 meter above sea level. Padang city landscape has a variation, it’s consist between land, river, the hill and sea (Noranda, 2009 p.14).

The first reason for helding in this town are, because padang city is plural, not all of the people are minangkabau etnich and the message is another etnich should respect the origin culture that can find in this provience to keep society balance.

Second reason is many of young people in west sumatera are doesn’t understand anymore about the building process of rumah bagonjong and the message is local knowledge it’s need to preserve by young generation. The one way/step to preserve is by museum exhibition.

3.3 Collection

Collection is very important thing in the museum. There is no museum without collection, in this museum concept i have to prepare some collection that has

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corelation and diferent from other museum. So what kind of collection i should prepare here;

1. Substance which used for made Rumah Bagonjong.

2. Ceremonial Documentation and Tool for Rumah Bagonjong Substance.

3. Tool of Craftman that used in Rumah Bagonjong build process.

4. Ceremonial documentation and tool that craftman do for building process.

5. Variation and Philosophy value of Carved on Rumah Bagonjong

6. Frame standing documentation.

7. Bodi buiding process.

8. Ceremonial After standing and buiding process.

9. Replica of variation of rumah bagonjong sitinjau lauik which is have diferent each other depending on administration of sub-etnich culture.

10. Utilazion of rumah bagonjong documentation at present.

3.4 Reason

Museum exhibition not only for entartaint the visitor but also for educating with a good communicating way. And hopely after the visitor seen the exhibition they can be understand about the message contain with.

This concept of museum has a purpose to; To preserve again local genius to young generation which has forgot the variation of Rumah bagonjong. To study local genius in west sumatera. To introduce again variation of type of rumah bagonjong which is rarely build in present. To introduce minangkabau in the multicultural environt. To communicate the value of local genius which is recognise before as an adaptif original habit. To inform a significant value inside of local genius.

3.5 Significant

All of preserve, study and communicate activity in the museum has a significant value inside it, significant value is a present of highes philosophical consciusness as a human. And what is the conscius value that visitor find in the museum:

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3.5.1 Identity.

To conciusness our own self, it help us to define the value of life and know to take any decicionof forthcoming live in the global community. This identity point is a purpose to make the minangkabau ethnic has a wise way to defend a exstreem changing in the globalization era to their genius tradition.

3.5.2 Eternal.

Preserve the local genius that was life before in the society brought a define to eternal the traditon which belong to the people.

3.5.3 Knowledge.

Cognitif value to know, the main pupose to get a knowlege. In this point i hope the concept of museum can transfer of knowledge10

3.5.4 Learning.

As a real value of learning is made people more humanity, by the way create his/her own conciuss, it’s help to support personality11

3.5.5 Recognize

. In this point, the museum has an purpose to make visitor know and have a conciuness about rumah bagonjong.

To understand the local genius and the proses of applcation. In this point is to historical approach and the history which represent in the museum is about life not a dead thing. As like recognize the truth of Sonobudoyo museum before was a Java Instituut 12

3.5.6 Entertaint

And the last thing is the entartaint, the ancient memorize can entertaint a young generation. this kind is a educationaal entertaiment.

10 Daud Aris Tanudirjo. Menuju Kebangkitan Permuseuman Indonesia Reposisi Museum di Indonesia. Hlm 3 11 ibid 12 Sektiadi. Politic in The Museum: the Apprearances of the Museum Sonobudoyo and Monumen Yogya Kembali, Yogyakarta.

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4 Administration In the museum, once of important part is administration. It’s has corelation

with managerial and regulation application. On this ideal concept museum i have a recomendation form of administration structure :

Bagan 1. Organization Chart

Directure

Librarian Collection Managerial

StoremanCurator

Wood Conservator

Ceramic Conservator

Stone Conservator

Metal Conservator

Co-Collection Manager

Artis Designer

Secretary

Administration & Fisic Museum

Manegerial

StaffBuilding

Maintanance

Staff Admininitation

Documen

Security

Staff

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5 Inventaris Card

ID Collection Name Collection National Registration

Collection Regional Registration

Collection Museum Registration

Type

Photo

Barc

ode

Picture 6. Inventaris Card