robertominerva iot guadalajara 20131029

8/9/2019 RobertoMinerva IoT Guadalajara 20131029

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nternet of Things

Roberto Minerva – Chair, oT Working Group,FDC

Telecom talia Future Centre

ctober !"th, #"$!



2

%gen&a

'imple &efinition of Internet of Things

'ensors, %ctuators an& 'mart b(ects

)et*orks of Things'elf rgani+ing 'stems

To*ar&s a -irtual Continuum



oT vervie*.pportunit

3

The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions a self-configuring and adaptive

complex system made out of networks of sensors and smart obects

whose purpose is to interconnect !all" things# including every day andindustrial obects in such a way to make them intelligent# programmable

and more capable of interacting with humans$

IoT promises to be the most disruptive technological revolution since

the advent of the Internet$ %roections indicate that up to &'' billion

obects will be connected to the Internet by 2'2'$

!



/volutionar roa&map for ke functional

elements

M#M IoT I*T

0e elements1

'eparate&

applications

%&2hoc &esigne&

mo&ules

3bi4uitous

connectivit

' M management

nternational

agreements

/mbe&&e& ' M

0e elements1

5o*2cost stan&ar&

sensors

'hort range

communication

Capillar an& macro

net*6

7ori+ontal 'ervices

Data aggregation in

clou&

Thir& part

&evelopment

0e elements1

8-irtual b(ects9

Mirroring Things in

clou&

b(ect 'emantics

Data integration,

fe&eration an&

portabilit Clou&

as &eveloping platf6



ource *eecham +esearch

oT. *T is ubi4uitous an& covers most

sectors

:



% fe* features of oT

;that *e are consi&ering to&a<

'mart b(ects an& 'ensors

)et*ork of Things

'elf2organi+ing sstems

The Internet of Things (IoT) envisions a self-configuring and adaptive

complex system made out of networks of sensors and smart obects

whose purpose is to interconnect !all" things# including every day and

industrial obects in such a way to make them intelligent# programmable

and more capable of interacting with humans$

Intelligence at the e&ge

Massive Data

)e* communicationpara&igms

'erviti+ation

-irtual Continuum

=



'ensor an& 'mart

b(ects



What are nternet2Connecte& Things>

%ctive.passive, *ith.*ithout information

b(ects bring information1 some can be use& stan&2alone some (ust ma&e available tothe outsi&e *orl&6 Information can be conte?tuali+e&, an& ob(ects can even actautonomousl on that basis6

@



What are 'ensors an& 'mart

ob(ects >

A 'ensor provi&es ameasure, a value, ani&entifier

A %ctuator e?ecutes anaction

A But *hat aboutsmartiness > % smartob(ect is a &evice that

A can be programmable

A Ma be remotl controlle&

A

It is able to interact *ithother ob(ects an& it mabe capable of interaction*ith 7umans an& thesurron&ing environment

E



http,,ava$sun$com,developer,technicalrticles,.commerce,rfid,ssrfid,epcnetwork$gif

plications1

gistics

ppl chain

fense an& %erospace

e&ia /ntertainment

Middleware

Tags, an e?ample

$"



%n /?ample in Wireless 'ensor

)et*orks1 Monitoring 'stem

http1..***6alicosstems6com.*ireless#"sensor6htm

A

b(ects are &istribute&

A

5ocal nformation has to be

for*ar&e& an& processe&

globall

A

nformation has to be

collecte& an& for*ar&e&

A

Remotel it can be conte?t

relate& an& manipulate&

A

)ee& for cooperation

bet*een people an& several

organi+ations ;surveillance

companies, telcos, H<

$$



%n /?ample of 'mart b(ect

'ee ***6botanicalls6com

$#



nteractions *ith sensors ;an

M#MIM5 e?ample<

% Te?t Jrotocol forcontrolling

Trans&ucers1•Fe* Jrimitives

• Jercept

• Comman&

• Response

• /?ception• Jropert

•'imple Control1/vents an&

Comman&sFigure from1 http1..***6*earable6eth+6ch.conte?tKrecognition6"6htm

Jercept ;temperature L $:<

Jercept ;temperature L $N<

Jercept ;temperature L $"<

Comman& ;8'tart 7eating9<

Response ;0<

'ensor

%ctuator

Controller

$!



'oft*are for Wireless 'ensor

)et*orks

% simplifie& Tin' architecture

'ensor as a small computer itnee&s an perating 'stemTin' is such a sstemprovi&ing for basic functions

http1..***6 c

s6kookmin6 a

c6kr.pro(ect.pro(ectK#"

"!.pro(ect#""!K$#.pro

(ect#""!K$

#6htm

http1..(ava6s

un6com.(avame.referen

ce.&ocs.s(*

c2#6$.p&f2html.html.po

rting2users. M

obile'ensor#:=6html

Mobile 'ensor %JI is ane?ample of mi&&le*are forWireless 'ensor )et*orks

pps

$N



)et*orks of Things



Connecte& Devices1 WW forecast

%ccor&ing to 7J, at the en& of #"$$ some $: B &evices *ere alrea&connecte& to a communication net*orkO most of them come from theConsumer /lectronics *orl&6 Forecasts for the &eca&e are &ifferent, butall follo*s fast gro*ing curves

ource IT/ 2'&&

$=



oT traffic1 simulating a countr*i&e

scenarios

#" Millions voice customers,

each one making a single !

minutes phone call.&a

generate about #$ Jeta

Btes .ears

#$ ","N

Currentl $,E Millions of M#M

&evices generate

","N Jeta Btes .ear in tal

$P



1..***6tcam6com6sg.in&e?6php.'olutions.Machine2To2Machine2M#M2Control2Jro(ect6html

http1..***6omnitronics6com6au.images.%F3K!K""$6(pg

Machine to machine

;M#M< refers to the abilit

of autonomous machines

to e?change &ata in or&er

to control some actuator

or sensor b means of

mobile net*orks an&

connecte& &evices

Machine to Machine

$@



'ensors an& Capillar vs Telco net*ork 2

General vie*

Capillar )et*ork – connecting sensors actuators to1

0 8*ire&9 ;cable, ?D'5, optical, etc6<0 *ireless cellular ;G'M, GJR', /DG/, !G, 5T/2M, WiM%, etc6<0 *ireless 8capillar9.short2range ;W5%), QigBee, I/// @"#6$:6N?,

WMB3', etc6<

Gate*a – connecting access an& backhaul.core net*orks10 concentrating0 net*ork a&&ress translation0 packet ;&e<fragmentationO etc6

Capillary

Network

Objects

$E



Center

fre4uenc

Ban&

*i&th

=6P@" M7+ ;S< !" k7+

$!6:=" M7+ $N k7+

#P6$#" M7+ !#= k7+

N"6=@" M7+ N" k7+

N!!6E#" M7+ ;/3< PN" k7+

@=@6!"" M7+ ;/3< ="" k7+

E$:6""" M7+;3'%<

#= M7+

#6N:" G7+ $"" M7+

:6@"" G7+ $:" M7+

#N6$#: G7+ #:" M7+

=$6#:" G7+ ;S< :"" M7+

$##6:"" G7+ ;S< $ G7+

#N:6""" G7+ ;S< # G7+

Techs for oT Capillar )et*orks

T/C

76T

R/)D'

F

W%R)I)G

'

8Th ings9 a re e?pec te & to connec t to t he b i g n te rne t

v i a J % ) n e t * o r k s

Main characteristics of Jersonal %rea )et*ork

Technologies1

5imite& coverage

;i6e6 ra&io range< in the or&er of cm2kmas a function of ra&io po*er application scope ;see table<

3nlicense& ban&s

1 In&ustrial2'cientific2Me&ical ;I'M< forgeneric applications, other ban&s for specific applications6,e6g61

me&ical apps ;#6:: G7Q re4ueste& in 3', re(ecte& b /3<O

gri&s.metering apps ;$=E M7+, other><

Co2e?istence

of multiple apps technologies in the sameban&

Tpicallbatter2operate&

&evices *ith $ &ut ccle )o planne&

infrastructure

;a&2hoc net*orks<, unmanage&

%pplication scope Ra&io po*er

;coverage<

Bo& %rea )et*ork;B%)<

UW ;$"2!" cm<

7ome %rea )et*ork;7%)<

$ mW ;fe*meters<

)eighbor %rea )et*ork;)%)<

$"" mW ;$2#km<

I'M Ban& ;IT32R<;S< sub(ect to local acceptance

#"



)et*orks of 'ensors, %ctuators an& 'mart

b(ects create %mbient ntelligence1

the

%utomotive Communication 'cenarios ;C%5M< e?ample

ITS Infrastructure

Service CenterAdaptation Location Profilin 1

erviceervice ervice

$6 R' /

$6 :6@G7+

$6 D'RC

$6 vehicle2to2vehicle S

$6 ;C%5M : or =" G7+<

$6 portable2to2

$6 vehicle

$6 R' /

$6 R'/2to2

$6 R'/ S

$6 7ot2'pot

$6 ;Wireless

$6 5%)<

$6 R' /

$6 'atellite

$6 Broa&cast

$6 GJ'.G%5 5/

$6 Terrestrial

$6 Broa&cast

$6 Cellular

$6 Cellular

$6 Jortable

$6 nternet

$6 Jortable

$6 nternet

$6 C%5M M:

$6 W%-/ S

$6 R' /

$6 C%5M

$6 R S

'stems are &istribute& an& comprises

several net*orks of sensors, tags,

actuators an& smart ob(ects

'ervices are strongl 3ser Relate&

;nee& to &eal *ith &entit an& Jrivac<

5ocal &ata has to be for*ar&e& an&

processe& globall an& transforme&

into nformation

nformation has to be locall re2

&istribute& an& conte?t relate& ;if ou

are in a 4ueue ou alrea& kno* it O2<

)ee& for cooperation bet*een people

an& several organi+ations ;cit

transport companies, telcos, H<

Calm %rchitecture from /rtico#$



%nthing *ill be a no&e V

Intel has unveile& a WiFi sliver of siliconthat can be part of a normalmicroprocessor chip6

%s of to&a, WiFi chips *ere separate fromthe microprocessor because of specificnee&s of the ra&io part6

This is the first time that someone ;Intel<has come up *ith an in&ustrialmanufacture& chip embe&&ing ra&io onthe chip6

We can e?pect that *herever *e fin& a

microprocessor ;e6g6 in over P" of tos,to name (ust one area< *e *ill fin&embe&&e& connectivit6

+oberto aracco

http,,www$blog$telecomfuturecentre$it,

##



%& 7oc )et*orks

!"cerpts fro# $ttp%&&www'ericsson'co#&about&publications&review&()))*)+&files&())))+,'pdf

o you remember the assumption of six

degree of separations

4ith 5 arcs you could connect any two

obects in the world 1

• Ad -oc Networkin as a way to

areate co##unities of intent• -eteroeneous access networks

#ake t$is appealin for IoT

#!



ntelligence at the /&ge

The network will be ust a small part of the smartness

#N



7o* much Data Mining from oT >

http1..***6ais6uni2bonn6&e.images.)euralK%bstractionKJrami&6png

http1..***6limsi6fr.(ps.enseignement.e?amsma.#""N.B7%TTI.in&e?6h

IoT is instru#ental to build S#art !nviron#ents' T$ey are s#artbecause t$ey can #anipulate plenty of local data includin personal

data'

.$o is t$e owner of t$ese data / .$o onws t$e inferred infor#ation /

#:



&entit of Things

•/ach Resource is

a&&ressable

•/ach resource is

C))/CT/D

– Connectivit must be

guarantee& in a

variet of

environments

– 'ecure 5inks have to be

guarantee&

•/ach Resource can be

associate& to a 3ser

; &entit<

•Who o*ns these

relations 13ser & 2

5ocation 2 Resource &

2 &ata use&.generate&

>

0Things can collect user relate&

actions an& &ata

0/ach Thing can be use& for tracking

3sers

0 #=



Jroper Management of Jersonal Data

'ource1Bain

Compan

,

-olunteere& &ata1 create& an& e?plicitl share& b in&ivi&uals

bserve& &ata1 capture& b recor&ing the actions of in&ivi&uals

Inferre& &ata1 base& on analsis of volunteere& or observe& information

/?cerptform18Jersona

lData2The

/mergenceofa)e*

%ssetClass9;W/F<

Jersonal Data

shoul& be

properl regulate&

an& manage&

A 0user1centric personal data eco1syste#2 3.!4oru#5

#P



Dealing *ith Data1 Data %nonimi+ation,

Contracts an& Conte?tuali+ation

(6



'elf rgani+ing

)et*orks



)o&es *ill connect each other

in unpre&ictable *as

http,,muxware$net,sol6mesh$php

&

2

37ode ggregation at time t&

Aggregation 1

Aggregation 2

Aggregation 3

&

2

3

7ode ggregation at time t2

Aggregation 2

Aggregation 1

Network

Increasing richness and

complexity at the edge of

networks

!"



Dealing *ith Comple?it at the

e&ge1 'elf2rgani+ation of

)et*orks

http,,innovation$gsa$gov,blogs,89I8$nsf,dx,:anagement-Innovators-

*ookshelf-mall-%ieces-;oosely-<oined--/nified-Theory-of-the-4eb-

by-avid-4einberger-2''2

Management of

comple? an&

&namic 8)et*orks

of )et*orks9 *ill be

critical

•)o human

intervention

possible

•Competition on

resources

Re4uire

•'elf2organi+ation

•Game theor

techni4ues for

highl &istribute&

s stems

!$



'elf2rgani+ing )et*orks ;')<

') aims at intro&ucing autonomic features innet*orks, such as self2configuration, self2optimi+ationan& self2healing ;automatic troubleshooting<6

These mechanisms *oul& enable automation of certaintasks performe& &ail b humans6

This *oul& mean simplifie& management, lo*eroperational costs an& improve& efficienc6

!#



0 % self2organi+ing no&e can beseen as a &namic sstem

*hose states are time2evolvingas events occur6

= It is sensitive to the conte?tvariations an& capable of reactingto self2a&apt &namicall

0 It is like a 8self2manage& cell9*ith a set of features, e6g6,

= Discover, Jolicies, Monitor,'ecurit

0 What is nee&e& to buil& it >= a smart phone ;as Wi2Fi 7ot 'pot<

= cheap, tin JCs ;e6g6 RaspberrJi<

= microcontrollers ;e6g6 %r&uino<

= 'ensors, actuators, etc6

% self2organi+ing no&e

!!



'elf rgani+ation1 the Cooperation

e?ample on optimal &istance

The ma?imum allo*able &istance for D#D

communication is &etermine& b the po*erlevel for each transmission6

Goal1 best cooperation &istance an&

sharing polic so that the number of

active D#D links is ma?imi+e&6– The smaller the transmit po*er, the smaller

the region in *hich a D#D communicationcreates interference6

– n the other han&, a small transmit po*ermight not be sufficient to reach a no&e6

– 'maller po*er means smaller &istance an&hence smaller probabilit of collaborationopportunities6

This self organi>ing

feature is very important

to create dynamic

networks capable ofsupporting the local

communications needs of

smart obects

!N



Cooperation is ver important

% fun&amental aspect of all a&aptive sstems iscooperation6

)atural selection favors cooperation, if the benefit ofthe altruistic act, b, &ivi&e& b the cost, c, e?cee&s theaverage number of neighbors, k, *hich means b.c X k6

t is necessar enforcing altruistic behaviors in

oT net*orks

;social aspects on it<

?isashi 8htsuki# ! simple rule for the evolution of cooperation

on graphs and social networks"# 7ature# ;etters# @ol AA&B2C :ay 2''5Bdoi&'$&'3D,nature'A5'C

!:



7o* 'mart b(ects *ill

communicate

)et*ork Intelligence ;e6g6, IM'< is a hierarchicalmo&el base& on the assumption that control hasto be e?erte& b a fe* speciali+e& control no&es

Client – 'erver mo&el &isregar&s thenet*ork aspects an& can lea& to atrage& of commons ;misuse of common

net*orking resources<

ther mechanisms ;messagebase& like Jub'ub< can be moreattractive for IoT

!=



% T*itter of Things1 a Transactional Comple?

/vent Jrocessing

Sensor 1

Sensor 2

Sensor 3

Sensor n

Queue A

Aggregator a

Aggregator b

Aggregator c

Sensor n+1

Sensor n+2

Sensor n+3

Sensor

n+m

Queue B

Aggregator d

Aggregator e

Aggregator f

Event Event

Event

Event

Security

Trans

actionMana

g ement

MonitoringR.T. no!"edgee#traction

0 T!itter is for Rea" Time $eb A%%s0 T!itter is used &in an e#%erimenta" fas'ion( for t'e distribution of a"arms from smart ob)ects0 T'e rea" time !eb &and in %articu"ar t'e *ubSub mode"s( cou"d su%%ort ne! c"asses of

services and enab"ing ne! %"atforms and %roviders0 T'e t!itter of t'ings enab"es t'e Bro,ering ro"e for info e#c'anged by smart ob)ects

!P



To*ar&s a -irtual

Continuum



The -irtual Continuum

In a conte?t of a 'mart Cit, the virtual

continuum offersthe opportunit to

measure the relevant events occurring

in a cit

b means ofphsical ob(ects

;e6g6, sensors, smart ob(ects< an&

conse4uentlto plan policies

for a&apting!E



-irtual Continuum is

'erviti+ation

Serviti7ation is t$e capability of creatin a link between a 3p$ysical5

product and a set of services and enric$ed functionalities t$at e"tend8

co#ple#ent8 and add value to t$e product itself

N"



-irtuali+ation an& %J s as means to enter into the -irtual Continuum

'ensors Things %ctuators

Real Worl&b(ects

.ach @irtual 8bect will have- uniEue identifier- contract- n %I- communication

mechanism (%ubub)

Jroprietar Jrotocols

)ormali+e&Interfaces

-irtualb(ects

%pplications

0Decoupling of physical objects and virtualones (Virtual Continuum)0Normalized applications can be built on Virtual

Objects (having an impact on Physical

Objects)0ervitization

Terminals

Clou&

N$



The Conte?t for -irtual

Continuum

9 om p u t i n g 9l o u d

images of

terminals

and obects(%roxying and ecurity

Functions)

applications

G services

physical world

smart

obects

mobile

devices

@ i r t u al i > e d

r e s o ur c e s

'ecure,

al*as best

co ecte&

virtuali+e&

cha el

Brokeri g a &

%ggregatio Fu ctio

@irtual

.nvironment

network resources

processing resourcesstorage resources

N#



Jutting together t*o technological tren&s

Tren&$ 1 Remoti+ation an& -irtuali+ation of

b(ects into the Clou&

Tren&# 1 %utonomic an& Cognitive

capabilities to support self2organi+ing

sstems

The, * i l l , ie l& to a

)e t*ork pera t i ng

',s tem * i th " 2 touch

capa b i l i t ies ab le to

&,nam ica l l, a&ap t t o

the rea l *o r l &

c h a n g e s

+9



Mi&2term scenario1 integrating an&

virtuali+ing things

%JI

%l*as BestConnecte& Comm6

'ensors

Things

Tag

Tags thers

%pp /cosstem

Jlatform -alue

/cosstem -alue

'ervice.%pps

-alueJrogrammabi

lit-alue

Jrocessing

'torage

Communications

Comm -alue

Communication/ngine ;e6g6, event

base&<

%utonomics an& 'elfrgani+ation

Brokering of -irtualb(ects

)egotiation.Bi& ofb(ects

b(ectsRegistr

b(ectsmanagement

/?tensive b(ects -irtuali+ation

%JI

TelcoBuil&ingBlocks

NN



% fe* Things *e are

&oing at the Future

Center in -enice



The impact of technologies on

the Cit1 The Free&om Bri&ge e?ample

/ver &a in -enice almost #"" 0 people arein the cit , even if onl less than ="0of-enice live in hereIt is more than $N"0 transits1 it is not onltourists, it is commuters1 stu&ents an&*orkers6% lot of people have left the cit for the

mainlan&6 %n& the cit has lost not onlciti+ens, but also a part of its i&entit6

7o* this happene& > Because of a Bri&geVVVThe 5ibert Bri&ge has intro&uce& a'emiotic break&o*n1 instea& of bringingin mo&erni+ation, it has brought to thesimboli+ation of -enice ;i6e6, it is a

postcar&<

http1..***6linkiesta6it.blogs.cultura2rete2il2blog2&i2vene+ia2#"$E2

salone2europeo2&ella2cultura.l2alba2&i2una2nuova2vene+ia2

% &ifferent proposal1 to close it to cars an&trains an& to make it a ccle track forcingpeople to live in -enice

onte &ella 5ibertY, i6e6, the Free&om Bri&ge

Wikipe&ia1Jonte &ella 5ibertY

is a roa& bri&ge connecting the historical center of thecit of -enice to the mainlan&6Designe& in $E!# b engineer /ugenio Mio++i, an& opene& b Benito Mussolini in $E!! asJonte 5ittorio

, the bri&ge is the onl access for roa& vehicles to the historical center6 It isbuilt alongsi&e the -enice Railroa& Bri&ge, *hich *as constructe& in $@N= b %ustrian,*ith t*o tracks each *a, an& is still in use6

N=



Counting people *ithout infringing

Jrivac

The Future Centre in -enice is *orking at the monitoring in 4uasi real2time on the pe&estrian flo*s in thecit center6 The goal is to measure the pe&estrian traffic an& keeping the anonmit an& privac of users6

The pro(ect has been using lo*2cost sensors an& &evices ;:"2$"" euros< *ith a small si+e ;t*o cigarettepacks< in or&er to ac4uire vi&eo flo*s of passing b people an& to process it locall *ithout an leak orprivac violation6 These &evices *ill provi&e their I&, the time an& the number of people that have been&etecte& I&eall these ob(ects coul& be scattere& in man places of the cit an& freel transit their &ata;e6g6, through t*itter<6 In such a *a, intereste& &evelopers coul& crate ne* applications base& on these&ata66

pe rso n 2 c o un te r 1 s imu la t i o n ba se & o n re a l

&a ta

Is it a person

or a shadow

NP



%n /?ample of Cro*&sourcing1

Tag the Cit

N@



% fe* *or&s about

/// nitiative on oT

C'



%n /// nit iative on oT1 Goal an&

b(ectives

I... IoT will be a cross-disciplinary initiative fostering collaboration and connecting

technical G business communities to I... experts and resources.stablish I... as a T$ou$t Leader and essential to the IoT community

I... to be recogni>ed as the go-to resource for

= engineering and technology professionals in industry# academia and government

working on IoTH

= broad education of the public (including consumers) and governmental bodiesdesiring non-biased and balanced understanding of IoT developments# including

its related technologies# products# implementation and its ongoing evolution$

evelop and promote valued programs# products and services for the IoT community$

To establish

= The I... 4orld Forum on IoT as the principal conference devoted to IoT= The I... IoT <ournal as the principal ournal devoted to IoT

= I... IoT standards as the principal standards in IoT

= I...s IoT tutorials# review articles# workshops# short courses and similar

activities as the principal IoT educational activities$

robertominerva iot guadalajara 20131029

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