TUGAS AKHIR

DASAR PROGRAM PERENCANAAN DAN

PERANCANGAN ARSITEKTUR (DP3A)

REDESAIN PELABUHAN SPEED BOAT &

KLOTOK PENAJAM DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR

(DENGAN PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR NEO VERNAKULAR)

Diajukan sebagai Pelengkap dan Syarat

Guna Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur

Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Oleh :

Eky Febrian Pradana Fauzi

NIM D 300 150 046

Dosen Pembimbing :

Dr. Ir. Dhani Mutiari, MT

NIK 620

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA

2019

v

KATA PENGANTAR

Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.

Bismillahirrahmannirrahim

Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah

melimpahkan rahmat, karunia dan hidayah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat

menyelesaikan penyusunan Tugas Akhir Dasar Program Perencaaan dan

Perancangan Arsitektur (DP3A) yang berjudul Redesain Pelabuhan Speed Boat &

Klotok Penajam Di Kalimantan Timur (Dengan Pendekatan Arsitektur Neo

Vernakular) tanpa adanya halangan yang berarti. Shalawat dan salam semoga

dilimpahkan kepada junjungan kita Nabi Muhammad SAW serta para pengikutnya

hingga akhir zaman.

Laporan DP3A ini disusun sebagai pedoman dalam melakukan desain di

Studio Tugas Akhir yang selanjutnya diajukan guna memenuhi salah satu syarat

untuk mengambil gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur Universitas Muhammadiyah

Surakarta. Terlepas dari hal tersebut, laporan ini berisi gagasan sederhana dari

penulis untuk dipersembahkan bagi Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara di Provinsi

Kalimantan Timur.

Dalam menyelesaikan Tugas Akhir ini, penulis telah dibantu oleh berbagai

pihak terkait. Oleh karena itu, dengan penuh rasa hormat penulis bersyukur kepada

Allah SWT yang telah memberikan kesehatan dan kekuatan dalam melaksanakan

tugas ini dengan lancar dan mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:

1. Kedua orang tua tercinta, Ayahanda Kuwatno dan Ibunda Emy yang telah

memberikan kasih sayangnya dan selalu mendukung penulis baik material

maupun spiritual sehingga dapat menyelesaikan Seminar Penelitian dengan

lancar.

2. Ibu Dr. Ir. Widyastuti Nurjayanti, M.T., selaku Ketua Program Studi

Arsitektur Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

vii

DAFTAR ISI

TUGAS AKHIR................................................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................................ ii

LEMBAR PENILAIAN ..................................................................................................... iii

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................................iv

DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................................. xii

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................................ xiii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Pengertian Judul ........................................................................................................ 1

1.1.1 Penjabaran Judul ................................................................................................ 1

1.1.2 Kesimpulan Judul ............................................................................................... 2

1.2 Latar Belakang .......................................................................................................... 3

1.2.1 Gambaran Umum Penajam ................................................................................ 3

1.2.2 Pelabuhan di Penajam ........................................................................................ 4

1.2.3 Kondisi Pelabuhan Speed Boat & Klotok Penajam ........................................... 5

1.2.4 Potensi Pelabuhan Speed Boat & Klotok Penajam ............................................ 6

1.3 Rumusan Permasalahan ............................................................................................ 7

1.4 Tujuan ....................................................................................................................... 7

1.5 Manfaat ..................................................................................................................... 7

1.6 Lingkup dan Batasan Site ......................................................................................... 8

1.6.1 Lingkup Pembahasan ......................................................................................... 8

1.6.2 Batasan Site ........................................................................................................ 8

1.7 Luaran ....................................................................................................................... 9

1.8 Metode Pembahasan ................................................................................................. 9

1.8.1 Metode Pengumpulan Data ................................................................................ 9

1.8.2 Metode Pengolahan Data ................................................................................. 10

1.9 Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................................. 11

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 12

2.1 Tinjauan Pelabuhan Speed Boat dan Klotok Penajam ............................................ 12

2.1.1 Pengertian dan Fungsi Pelabuhan .................................................................... 12

viii

2.1.2 Klasifikasi Pelabuhan ....................................................................................... 14

2.2 Studi Tinjauan Bangunan ........................................................................................ 16

2.2.1 Terminal Gapura Surya Nusantara di Pelabuhan Tanjung Perak Surabaya ..... 16

2.3 Elemen Perancangan ............................................................................................... 19

2.3.1 Aspek-aspek yang Berpengaruh terhadap suatu Pelabuhan ............................. 19

2.3.2 Tinjauan Teknis Pelabuhan .............................................................................. 19

2.3.3 Tinjauan Kapal Speed Boat dan Klotok ........................................................... 21

2.3.3 Tinjauan Arsitektur Neo Vernakular ................................................................ 25

2.3.4 Tinjauan Struktur Lipatan ................................................................................ 34

BAB III GAMBARAN UMUM LOKASI PERENCANAAN ......................................... 44

3.1 Lokasi ...................................................................................................................... 44

3.2 Gambaran Umum .................................................................................................... 45

3.2.1 Gambaran Umum Kabupaten Penajam ............................................................ 45

3.2.2 Gambaran Umum Pelabuhan Speed Boat dan Klotok Penajam ...................... 46

3.3 Data Fisik dan Non Fisik ........................................................................................ 48

3.3.1 Data Fisik ......................................................................................................... 48

3.3.2 Data Non Fisik ................................................................................................. 54

BAB IV ANALISIS PENDEKATAN DAN KONSEP PERENCANAAN DAN

PERANCANGAN ............................................................................................................ 58

4.1 Gagasan Perencanaan .............................................................................................. 58

4.2 Analisis dan Konsep ............................................................................................... 58

4.2.1 Analisis dan Konsep Site ................................................................................. 61

4.2.2 Analisis dan Konsep Ruang ............................................................................. 63

4.2.3 Analisis dan Konsep Massa ............................................................................. 73

4.2.4 Analisis dan Konsep Tampilan Arsitektur (Eksterior dan Interior) ................. 75

4.2.5 Analisis dan Konsep Struktur dan Utilitas ....................................................... 77

4.2.6 Analisis dan Konsep Penekanan Arsitektur ..................................................... 81

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................................... 85

ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1 Lokasi Pelabuhan Speed Boat & Klotok Penajam ............................................. 5

Gambar 2 Lokasi Pelabuhan Speed Boat & Klotok Penajam ............................................. 5

Gambar 3 Lokasi Pelabuhan Speed Boat Penajam di Peta Indonesia ................................. 8

Gambar 4 Lokasi Pelabuhan Speed Boat Penajam ............................................................. 9

Gambar 5 Lokasi Pelabuhan Speed Boat Penajam ............................................................. 9

Gambar 6 Bagian depan pintu masuk terminal GSN ........................................................ 16

Gambar 7 Interior Gapura Surya Nusantara...................................................................... 17

Gambar 8 X-Ray Terminal GSN ...................................................................................... 17

Gambar 9 Check In Counter Terminal GSN ..................................................................... 17

Gambar 10 Ruang Tunggu Terminal GSN ....................................................................... 18

Gambar 11 Foodcourt Terminal GSN ............................................................................... 18

Gambar 12 Roof Top North Quay Siang Hari .................................................................. 18

Gambar 13 Roof Top North Quay Malam Hari ................................................................ 19

Gambar 14 Karakteristik Kapal ........................................................................................ 20

Gambar 15 Pedoman Lebar Waterways ............................................................................ 21

Gambar 16 Alur Pelayaran pada Belokan Sekitar Pelabuhan ........................................... 21

Gambar 17 Kapal Speed Boat tanpa penutup Atas ........................................................... 22

Gambar 18 Kapal Speed Boat dengan 1 Mesin dan Penutup Atas .................................. 22

Gambar 19 Kapal Speed Boat dengan 2 Mesin dan Penutup Atas ................................... 22

Gambar 20 Dimensi Kapal Speed Boat dengan 1 Mesin .................................................. 23

Gambar 21 Dimensi Kapal Speed Boat dengan 2 Mesin .................................................. 23

Gambar 22 Dimensi Kapal Speed Boat dengan 2 Mesin .................................................. 24

Gambar 23 Kapal Klotok Penajam ................................................................................... 24

Gambar 24 Dimensi Kapal Klotok.................................................................................... 25

Gambar 25 Bangunan Lamin Etam Samarinda ................................................................. 33

Gambar 26 Bangunan Gedung DPRD Kaltim .................................................................. 33

Gambar 27 Bangunan Gedung DPRD Kaltim .................................................................. 34

Gambar 28 Bentuk Dasar Lipatan ..................................................................................... 35

Gambar 29 Prinsip Kerja Folded Plate 1 .......................................................................... 36

Gambar 30 Prinsip Kerja Folded Plate 2 .......................................................................... 36

Gambar 31 Prinsip Kerja Folded Plate 3 .......................................................................... 36

Gambar 32 Prinsip Kerja Folded Plate 4 .......................................................................... 37

Gambar 33 Folded Plate Dua Segmen .............................................................................. 37

Gambar 34 Contoh Penggunaan Folded Plate Dua Segmen ............................................. 37

Gambar 35 Folded Plate Tiga Segmen ............................................................................. 38

Gambar 36 Contoh Penggunaan Folded Plate Tiga Segmen ............................................ 38

Gambar 37 Folded Plate Bentuk Z .................................................................................... 38

Gambar 38 Contoh Penggunaan Foldede Plate Bentuk Z ................................................. 39

Gambar 39 Folded Plate Menerus ..................................................................................... 39

Gambar 40 Contoh Penggunaan Folded Plate Menerus ................................................... 39

Gambar 41 Folded Plate Kanopi ....................................................................................... 40

x

Gambar 42 Contoh Penggunaan Folded Plate Kanopi ...................................................... 40

Gambar 43 Folded Plate Meruncing ke Ujung ................................................................. 40

Gambar 44 Contoh Penggunaan Foolded Plate Meruncing ke Ujung .............................. 41

Gambar 45 Folded Plate Penyangga Tepi ......................................................................... 41

Gambar 46 Contoh Penggunaan Folded Plate Penyangga Tepi ........................................ 41

Gambar 47 Folded Plate Truss .......................................................................................... 42

Gambar 48 Contoh Penggunaan Folded Plate Truss......................................................... 42

Gambar 49 Folded Plate Rangka Kaku ............................................................................. 42

Gambar 50 Contoh Penggunaan Folded Plate Rangka Kaku............................................ 42

Gambar 51 Lokasi Pelabuhan Dilihat dari Peta Indonesia ................................................ 44

Gambar 52 Lokasi Pelabuhan Dilihat dari Peta Kalimantan Timur ................................. 44

Gambar 53 Lokasi Pelabuhan Dilihat dari Peta Teluk Balikpapan ................................... 44

Gambar 54 Lokasi Pelabuhan Speed Boat dan Klotok Penajam di Jalan Provinsi ........... 45

Gambar 55 Peta Administrasi Kabupaten PenajamPaser Utara Tahun 2014 .................... 46

Gambar 56 Trayek Kapal Speed Boat dan Klotok Penajam - Balikpapan ........................ 47

Gambar 57 Site Existing Pelabuhan Speed Boat & Klotok Penajam ............................... 48

Gambar 58 Denah Existing Pelabuhan Speed Boat & Klotok Penajam ........................... 49

Gambar 59 Pintu Masuk Terminal Pelabuhan Speed Boat Penajam ................................ 50

Gambar 60 Jembatan Terminal Pelabuhan Speed Boat Penajam .................................... 50

Gambar 61 Jembatan Terminal Pelabuhan Speed Boat Penajam ..................................... 50

Gambar 62 Kolam Pelabuhan ........................................................................................... 50

Gambar 63 Kolam Pelabuhan ........................................................................................... 51

Gambar 64 Akses Masuk dan Keluar Terminal ................................................................ 51

Gambar 65 Loket tiket ...................................................................................................... 51

Gambar 66 Kantin dan Toilet Umum ............................................................................... 51

Gambar 67 Kantor Keamanan, Mushola dan Kantor Dishub ........................................... 52

Gambar 68 Ruang Tunggu Pelabuhan Speed Boat Penajam ............................................ 52

Gambar 69 Ruang Tunggu Pelabuhan Speed Boat Penajam ............................................ 52

Gambar 70 Ponton ............................................................................................................ 52

Gambar 71 Ponton ............................................................................................................ 53

Gambar 72 Loket Tiket Kapal Klotok .............................................................................. 53

Gambar 73 Jembatan Dermaga Klotok ............................................................................. 53

Gambar 74 Tempat Tunggu Dermaga Klotok .................................................................. 53

Gambar 75 Dermaga Klotok Penajam .............................................................................. 54

Gambar 76 Dermaga Klotok Penajam .............................................................................. 54

Gambar 77 Analisis Site ................................................................................................... 58

Gambar 78 Reklamasi Site ................................................................................................ 59

Gambar 79 Hydraulic Fill ................................................................................................. 60

Gambar 80 Blanket Fill ..................................................................................................... 60

Gambar 81 Analisis Matahari ........................................................................................... 61

Gambar 82 Analisis Matahari ........................................................................................... 62

Gambar 83 Analisis Matahari ........................................................................................... 62

Gambar 84 Analisis Matahari ........................................................................................... 63

Gambar 85 Konsep Penataan Massa ................................................................................. 73

xi

Gambar 86 Zonifikasi Vertikal ......................................................................................... 74

Gambar 87 Konsep Sirkulasi ............................................................................................ 74

Gambar 88 Zonifikasi Terminal Speed Boat dan Klotok Penajam ................................... 75

Gambar 89 Pintu Masuk dan Keluar Terminal Pelabuhan Speed Boat Penajam .............. 75

Gambar 90 Area Dalam Terminal Pelabuhan Speed Boat Penajam ................................. 76

Gambar 91 Konsep Exterior ............................................................................................. 76

Gambar 92 Konsep Interior .............................................................................................. 77

Gambar 93 Folded Plate Dua Segmen .............................................................................. 78

Gambar 94 Skema Jaringan Air Kotor .............................................................................. 79

Gambar 95 Skema Pengolahan Air Laut menjadi Air Bersih ........................................... 80

Gambar 96 Skema Jaringan Air Bersih ............................................................................. 80

Gambar 97 Skema Jaringan Listrik ................................................................................... 81

Gambar 98 Skema Instalasi CCTV ................................................................................... 81

Gambar 99 Rumah Dayak ................................................................................................. 82

Gambar 100 Contoh Modifikasi Atap Rumah Dayak ....................................................... 82

Gambar 101 Theater Malaysia .......................................................................................... 83

Gambar 102 Motif Dayak ................................................................................................. 83

Gambar 103 Pengaplikasian Ornamen Motif Dayak ........................................................ 83

Gambar 104 Kayu Ulin ..................................................................................................... 84

Gambar 105 Rumah Ulin .................................................................................................. 84

xii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1 Perbedaan Arsitektur Modern, Late Modern dan Post Modern ........................... 30

Tabel 2 Perbedaan Arsitektur Tradisional dan Neo Vernakular ....................................... 32

Tabel 3 Evaluasi Pelabuhan Speed Boat & Klotok Penajam ............................................ 54

Tabel 4 Luas Wilayah Administrasi Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara ............................. 55

Tabel 5 Analisis Kebutuhan Ruang .................................................................................. 65

Tabel 6 Analisis Besaran Ruang ....................................................................................... 72

Tabel 7 Total Besaran Ruang ............................................................................................ 72

xiii

ABSTRAK

Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara Provinsi Kalimantan Timur yang terletak

di sebrang Teluk Balikpapan. Penajam Paser Utara merupakan kabupaten termuda

di provinsi Kalimantan Timur yang merupakan daerah pemekaran dari Kabupaten

Pasir. Penajam terletak di sebrang Teluk Balikpapan yang terbentang empat

kilometer. Jalur transportasi laut dengan menggunakan kapal Speedboat, Klotok

(kapal kayu) dan kapal Ferry. Namun sampai saat ini, Penajam belum mempunyai

pelabuhan Speedboat dan Klotok dengan kualitas yang optimal sebagai citra

Kawasan Kabupaten Penajam. Tujuan dari menulis dasar program perencanaan dan

perancangan Arsitektur (DP3A) ini adalah untuk 1) menyusun pola tata ruang

Pelabuhan Speed boat & Klotok Penajam semaksimal mungkin, 2) Membuat

fasilitas-fasilitas yang sesuai fungsinya pada Pelabuhan Speed boat & Klotok

Penajam, 3) mendesain Pelabuhan Speed boat & Klotok Penajam dengan konsep

desain yang beraliran Arsitektur Neo Vernakular. Dalam laporan ini digunakan

metode yaitu mengumpulkan data dan menganalisis data serta merumuskan konsep

perancangan. Pengumpulan data dengan observasi langsung ke lapangan dan

wawancara kepada pengguna pelabuhan serta studi pustaka lalu melakukan

perumusan konsep. Pelabuhan Speed Boad dan Klotok Penajam sebagai fasilitas

untuk menunjang transportasi laut dimana sebagai pintu gerbang dan penghubung

antara Penajam dengan Balikpapan dengan pendekatan Arsitektur Neo Vernakular

Dayak.

Kata kunci : Pelabuhan, Speed Boat, Klotok, Penajam, Arsitektur Neo Vernakular

xiv

ABSTRACT

Penajam Paser Utara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, located in

Balikpapan Bay. Penajam Paser Utara is the youngest district in the province of

East Kalimantan which is an expansion area of Pasir Regency. Penajam is located

in Balikpapan Bay which stretches four kilometers. Sea transportation routes using

Speedboat, Klotok (wooden ships) and Ferry boats. However, to date, Penajam has

not yet had a port of Speedboat and Klotok with optimal quality as the image of the

Penajam Regency Region. The purpose of writing this basic Architecture planning

and design program (DP3A) is to1) to compile the spatial pattern of Port Speed &

Klotok Penajam as much as possible, 2) Make facilities that fit their functions at

Port Speed boat & Klotok Penajam, 3) design Port of Speed boat & Sharpen Klotok

with the design concept which is Neo Vernacular Architecture. In this report a

method is used, namely collecting data and analyzing data and formulating design

concepts. Collecting data by direct observation to the field and interviews with port

users and literature studies and then formulating the concept. Port of Speed Boad

and Klotok Penajam as a facility to support sea transportation which is the gateway

and link between Penajam and Balikpapan with the Neo Vernacular Dayak

Architecture approach.

Keywords: Port, Speed Boat, Klotok, Penajam, Neo Vernacular Architecture