r v storheim

8/9/2019 R v Storheim

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Citation: R. v. Storheim (S.K.W.), 2015 MBCA 14 Date:20150205

Docet: AR14!"0!0#20#

IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF MANITOBA

Coram: Mr. Justice Alan D. MacInnesMr. Justice Marc M. Monnin

Mr. Justice William J. Burnett

B E T W E E N:

) J. J. Gindin andHER MAJESTY THE QUEEN ) K. D. Minuk

) for the Appellant

Respondent )

) A. Y. Kotler

- and - ) for the Respondent)

SERAPHIM KENNETH WIIAM ) Appeal heard:

ST!RHEIM ) !"to#er $%& '(%)

)

(Accused) Appellant ) Judgment delivered:

) *e#ru+r, -& '(%-

NOTICE OF RESTRICTION ON PUBLICATION: No one may

publish b!oa"#as$ o! $!ansmi$ any in%o!ma$ion $ha$ #oul" "is#lose $hei"en$i$y o% $he #omplainan$&s' o! a (i$ness&es' &see s) *+,)* o% $he

ri/in+l ode'.

BURNETT -)A)

$1% Ca&e& invo'vin a''eation& o hi&torica' &e*+a' a&&a+'t

re+ent'- re+ire +/e& to mae /ic+'t n/in& o act

an/ cre/ii'it-. 3hi& i& &+ch a ca&e.

$2% 3he acc+&e/ a& chare/ in 2010 ith to co+nt& o

&e*+a' a&&a+'t. 3he a&&a+'t& ere a''ee/ to have occ+rre/

eteen +'- 1 an/ A++&t "1, 16#5, an/ invo've/ tin

rother& (the com7'ainant&), 8.A.R. an/ 8..R. 3he

Appeal from 2014 MBQB 141, 30 Man.!. "2#) $%


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com7'ainant& ere 11 -ear& o'/ at that time.

$"% o''oin a tria' - +/e a'one, the acc+&e/ a&

convicte/ o &e*+a' a&&a+'t on 8..R. an/ &entence/ to eiht

month& in 7ri&on. An ac+itta' a& entere/ in re'ation to the

other co+nt hich a''ee/ a &e*+a' a&&a+'t on 8.A.R.

$4% 3he acc+&e/ ha& 'e/ a motion or re&h evi/ence. ;e

a77ea'& hi& conviction an/ &ee& 'eave to a77ea' &entence.

$5% or the rea&on& hich o''o, < o+'/ /i&mi&& the

motion or re&h evi/ence an/ the conviction a77ea', an/ nt. C.A.),'erDohert-.A., at 7. 411). 3he /+e /i'ience re+irement ca''&or an a77e''ate co+rt to con&i/er the rea&on h-the evi/ence a& not 7re&ente/ at tria': #.$.%., at7ara. 20. ;oever, thi& Co+rt ha& reconiGe/ that/+e /i'ience i& not an e&&entia' re+irement othe re&h evi/ence te&t, 7artic+'ar'- in crimina'ca&e& an/ that the criterion m+&t -ie'/ here it&rii/ a77'ication miht 'ea/ to a mi&carriae o

+&tice (7ara. 16). Fonethe'e&&, it i& an im7ortantactor to e con&i/ere/ in the tota'it- o thecirc+m&tance& (iid.).

$2% Whi'e the 7ro7o&e/ evi/ence ma- e re'evant a& it

ar+a'- 7ertain& to the cre/ii'it- o oth 8..R. an/

M& K+charcG-, it a& never &+e&te/ at tria' that the

com7'ainant& ere in Winni7e in 16#=, nor /oe& the re&h

evi/ence e&ta'i&h that 8.A.R. a& not in Winni7e in 16#5.

$2#% A& to the re+irement that the re&h evi/ence m+&t e

rea&ona'- ca7a'e o e'ie, < have 7revio+&'- o&erve/ that

it contra/ict& the acc+&e/@& on evi/ence an/, a& 7re&ente/,

it /oe& not 7rove that 8.A.R. a& in Winni7e in 16#=.

$26% An/ na''-, < am not convince/ that even i the re&h

evi/ence in the Bach-n&i A/avit a& e'ieve/, that it

co+'/ rea&ona'- e e*7ecte/ to have aEecte/ the re&+'t.

3he acc+&e/ &a-& that the re&h evi/ence e&ta'i&he& that

8.A.R. a& in Winni7e in 16#= an/ that thi& evi/ence co+'/

have aEecte/ the tria' +/e@& cre/ii'it- a&&e&&ment& in

re'ation to 8..R. an/ M& K+charcG-. A& < i'' e*7'ain, even i


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8.A.R. a& in Winni7e in 16#=, < am o the vie that that

o+'/ have no im7act on 8..R.@& cre/ii'it-.

$"0% 8..R. /i/ not te&ti- that the oEence occ+rre/ in 16#5 or

that he a& in Winni7e in 16#5 or 16#=, an/ he co+'/ not

rememer the timerame eteen hi& ret+rn to 8on/on an/

8.A.R.@& /e7art+re or Winni7e. 3he tria' +/e 7rovi/e/

e*ten&ive rea&on& to &+77ort hi& n/in that 8..R. a& a

cre/i'e itne&&, an/ a& he o&erve/, the S+7reme Co+rt o

Cana/a ha& &ai/ that hen an a/+'t te&tie& to event& that

occ+rre/ in chi'/hoo/, incon&i&tencie& on 7eri7hera' matter&

&+ch a& time an/ 'ocation &ho+'/ e con&i/ere/ in the

conte*t o the ae o the itne&& at the time o the event& to

hich he i& te&ti-in (R. v. W. (R.), $1662% 2 S.C.R. 122 at

1"4!"5).

$"1%


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$"2% Moreover, &ince the time o the commi&&ion o the

&e*+a' a&&a+'t i& enera''- not an e&&entia' e'ement o the

oEence, it ein a crime no matter hen it i& committe/,there i& no nee/ to e&ta'i&h e-on/ a rea&ona'e /o+t the

e*act time o commi&&ion. 3he inormation or the in/ictment

can &im7'- e amen/e/ a& it o+'/ not ca+&e irre7ara'e

harm to the acc+&e/ (&ee R. v. %. (#.), $1660% 2 S.C.R. " an/

R. v. #.C.(166=), 144 F/. N 9.L.


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$"4% 3he /eci&ion to a/mit re&h evi/ence i& a conte*t+a'

ana'-&i& hich re+ire& an a&&e&&ment o Pthe tota'it- o

circ+m&tance& an/ a a'ancin o actor&@ to /eterminehether it i& in the intere&t& o +&tice to a/mit the re&h

evi/ence (R. v. "mith (!.)(2001), 154 >.A.C. 51 at 7ara. 1).

or the rea&on& 7revio+&'- artic+'ate/, < am not 7er&+a/e/

that it o+'/ e in the intere&t& o +&tice to a/mit the re&h

evi/ence. Accor/in'-, the re&h evi/ence motion i&

/i&mi&&e/.

The Conviction Appeal

$"5% 3he acc+&e/ &+mit& that the tria' +/e ma/e o+r

7rinci7a' error&:

1. he mi&inter7rete/ the evi/ence

2. he he'/ the acc+&e/@& evi/ence to a hiher /eree

o &cr+tin- than the Cron@& evi/ence

". he mi&a77'ie/ the te&t in R. v. W. ($.), $1661% 1

S.C.R. 42 an/

4. he &hite/ the +r/en onto the acc+&e/ to 7rovi/e

a motive a& to h- 8..R. o+'/ 'ie.

$"=% 3he o+rth a''ee/ error can e /ea't ith &+mmari'-.


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&.J.!. 'as a cre#i(le 'itness. e seeme# *onest an# 'as (elie+a(le in

*is e+i#ence. *ere is no reason for *im to not tell t*e trut*.

&.J.!. 'as also a relia(le 'itness. e 'as a precise an# fair

'itness. e *a# a -oo# memor for #etails, #espite t*e passa-e

of time in material e+ents. I am satisfie# t*at *is e+i#ence is

accurate on material aspects of t*is case. e 'as a(le to recall

an# recount /e matters in *is o(ser+ations of t*ose e+ents.

. . . . .

&.J.!. *as no moti+e to s*a#e *is e+i#ence. e *as no financial or ot*er

interests at sta/e. *is 'as a c*apter of *is life t*at *e close# in

2004 '*en *e -ot marrie#. But for at*er ostoff contactin-

*im in 200 to see/ for-i+eness, t*ese e+ents 'oul# ne+er *a+e

(een epose#. *ere is no reason '* *e 'oul# not (e tellin-t*e trut*. *ere is not*in- a(out &.J.!.s moti+es '*ic* cause

me a concern. .

5emp*asis a##e#6

$"% 3he acc+&e/ ar+e& that the tria' +/e 7'ace/ an +nair

e*7ectation on him to 7rovi/e an e*7'anation a& to 8..R.@&

motive& an/ h- 8..R. o+'/ ive the te&timon- hich he

ave.


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i& ina77ro7riate, not the con&i/eration o hether the

evi/ence &+e&t& a motive on the 7art o the itne&& to 'ie.


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act or cre/ii'it- or in re'ation to inerence& hich he /re

rom the evi/ence. Accor/in to the Cron, a'' o the

acc+&e/@& com7'aint& re'ate to matter& o eiht, an/ arevie o the /eci&ion revea'& that the tria' +/e acce7te/

an/ reecte/ &ome evi/ence o oth Cron an/ /eence

itne&&e&, that he /i/ not ho'/ the acc+&e/@& evi/ence to a

hiher &tan/ar/ than that o the Cron itne&&e&, an/ that

he correct'- a77'ie/ the 7rinci7'e& in W. ($.).

"tandard o+ Revie,

$41% 3he &tan/ar/ o revie or n/in& o act i& e''

e&ta'i&he/. An a77e''ate co+rt i'' on'- interere ith &+ch

n/in& here there i& 7a'7a'e an/ overri/in error. >n

i&&+e& o cre/ii'it-, reat /eerence m+&t e &hon to the

trier o act iven hi&Qher a/vantae in &eein an/ hearin

the itne&&e&@ evi/ence (R. v. W. (R.), $1662% 2 S.C.R. 122 at

1"1!"2 R. v. -."., 2012 SCC 2 at 7ara. 25, $2012% " S.C.R.

2= an/ R. v. W.H., 201" SCC 22 at 7ara&. "0, ""!"4, $201"%

2 S.C.R. 1#0). 3hi& /eerentia' a77roach a& /e&crie/ -

Ba&tarache an/ Ae''a . in R. v. #anon, 200= SCC 1,

$200=% 1 S.C.R. =21 (at 7ara. 10):

3here i& enera' areement on the te&t a77'ica'e to arevie o a n/in o cre/ii'it- - a tria' +/e: thea77ea' co+rt m+&t /eer to the conc'+&ion& o thetria' +/e +n'e&& a 7a'7a'e or overri/in error cane &hon.


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$166=% 1 S.C.R. 254, at 7ara&. "2!""H./. v. Canada(Attorney #eneral), $2005% 1 S.C.R. 401, 2005 SCC25, at 7ara. 4). A &+ccinct /e&cri7tion o theovera'' a77roach a77ear& in R. v. %ur0e, $166=% 1S.C.R. 44, at 7ara. 4, here thi& Co+rt &tate/ thatit i& on'- here the Co+rt ha& con&i/ere/ a'' o theevi/ence eore the trier o act an/ /etermine/that a conviction cannot e rea&ona'- &+77orte/- that evi/ence that the co+rt can . . . overt+rn thetria' co+rt@& ver/ict. With re&7ect to the cre/ii'it-o itne&&e&, the &ame &tan/ar/ a77'ie&.


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e&&entia' 7art not +&t in the narrative o the+/ment +t in the rea&onin 7roce&& re&+'tin ina conviction.

5436 urt*er clarification of t*eLohrertest can (e foun# inR. v. Sinclair,

2011 788 40, 520116 3 7.8.!. 3, '*ere &eBel J. remin#e# appellate courts

of t*e 9cautionar rule: applica(le to appeals suc* as t*e present appeal "at

paras. %3;%4)ne m+&t ait ti'' the en/ o a'' o the evi/ence an/the &+mi&&ion& o co+n&e' eore +'timate act!n/in can ein.

$54% 3he tria' +/e@& rea&on& mae it c'ear that the a&i& or

hi& comment ao+t 8.A.R. a& hi& o&ervation o 8.A.R.@&

/emeano+r hi'e te&ti-in. Fot on'- /oe& the tria' +/e

7reace hi& &tatement ith the or/& it i& ovio+&, +t he

then /e&crie& 8.A.R. an/ the nat+re o hi& evi/ence. 8.A.R.

a& /e&crie/ - the tria' +/e a& a vi&cera' itne&& in

contra&t to 8..R. ho a& a tho+ht+', care+' itne&&.

Sinicant'-, at thi& 7oint in the 7rocee/in&, the tria' +/e

/i/ not &a- that there ha/ een an a&&a+'t on 8.A.R., an/ he

+'timate'- ac+itte/ the acc+&e/ in re'ation to the co+nt

invo'vin 8.A.R.

$55% With re&7ect to the &o!ca''e/ 7reme/itate/ 7'an to

have the o-& come to Winni7e, a'tho+h the or/

7reme/itate/ ha& a 7eorative connotation, < am a'&o

&ati&e/ that it a& not inten/e/ in that &en&e, +t rather in

the &en&e that it a& a 7'an initiate/ - the acc+&e/. 3he

mother te&tie/ that the acc+&e/ /i/ ever-thin in re'ation

to arranin the tri7& to Winni7e, an/ the tria' +/e a&

c'ear'- reerrin to hi& ear'ier n/in& on the a&i& o the

evi/ence hich he ha/ at that time, that the i/ea o 8..R.

an/ 8.A.R. comin to Winni7e a& &o'e'- that o the

acc+&e/, that he &+e&te/ it to the mother an/ that he


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arrane/ or their trave'.

$5=% 3he o+rth n/in hich re+ire& &ome comment

re'ate& to an a''ee/ mi&a77rehen&ion o the evi/ence iven

- 8..R. an/ ather Ko&toE. In *is reasons for con+iction, t*e trial

?u#-e sas

r v storheim

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