projek akhir arsitektur periode lxiv, semester gasal ...repository.unika.ac.id/2397/1/09.11.0094...
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PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXIV, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2013/2014
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM ( DOKUMEN UNTUK SIDANG UJIAN )
TERMINAL BUS TIPE A DI SEMARANG
Tema Desain
Penerapan struktur bentang lebar pada bangunan terminal bus
Fokus Kajian
Pengaturan sirkulasi terminal untuk menciptakan kenyamanan pada pengguna
bangunan terminal
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur
Disusun oleh:
Retno Tri Septiani 09.11.0094
Dosen pembimbing :
Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT NIDN. 0628126101
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA
September 2013
KELOMPOK B
..............
3
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang telah
melimpahkan berkat-Nya, sehingga dapat terselesaikan Landasan Teori dan
Program Projek Akhir Arsitektur Periode LXIV Semester Ganjil 2013/2014 ini dengan
baik, sebagai persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik Arsitektur.
Dalam penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program Projek Akhir Arsitektur ini
tidak lepas dari partisipasi dan keikutsertaan dosen, rekan-rekan dan pihak-pihak
lain yang telah membantu, untuk itu penyusun mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :
1. Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, atas berkah dan rahmat-Nya.
2. Dr. Ir. VG. Sri Rejeki, MT, selaku dosen pembimbing
3. Ir. Riandy Tarigan, MT , selaku dosen koordinator Projek Akhir Arsitektur
64
4. Pihak-pihak terkait yang telah membantu dalam proses survey lapangan.
5. Pihak-pihak lain yang turut membantu yang tidak dapat disebutkan satu-
persatu.
Semoga Landasan Teori dan Program ini dapat bermanfaat baik bagi
penyusun dan bagi pihak-pihak lain yang memerlukan. Akhirnya kepada semua
pihak yang terkait dalam penyusunan tugas ini penyusun mengucapkan terima kasih
yang sebesar-besarnya.
Semarang, September 2013
Penyusun
iv
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................... i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. ii
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. xvii
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ xxii
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar belakang projek ....................................................................... 1
1.1.1 Kekhasan projek ....................................................................... 3
1.1.2 Alasan pemilihan judul .............................................................. 4
1.2 Tujuan dan sasaran pembahasan ..................................................... 6
1.2.1 Tujuan pembahasan ................................................................. 6
1.2.2 Sasaran pembahasan .............................................................. 7
1.3 Lingkup pembahasan ......................................................................... 7
1.3.1 Ruang lingkup substansial ........................................................ 7
1.3.2 Ruang lingkup spasial .............................................................. 8
1.4 Metoda pembahasan ......................................................................... 9
1.4.1 Metoda pengumpulan data ....................................................... 9
1.4.2 Metoda analisa ......................................................................... 10
1.4.3 Metoda pemrograman .............................................................. 10
1.4.4 Metoda perancangan arsitektur ................................................ 11
BAB II. TINJAUAN PROYEK ............................................................................ 12
2.1 Tinjauan umum .................................................................................. 12
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2.1.1 Gambaran umum ...................................................................... 12
2.1.2 Pemahaman tentang Terminal Bus .......................................... 14
2.1.2.1 Klasifikasi Terminal ....................................................... 15
2.1.2.2 Karakteristik Terminal ................................................... 16
2.1.2.3 Kriteria pembangunan Terminal .................................... 19
2.1.2.4 Kriteria perencanaan Terminal ...................................... 20
2.1.2.5 Standart perencanaan Terminal .................................... 21
2.1.3 Latar belakang-perkembangan-trend ....................................... 39
2.1.3.1 Latar belakang .............................................................. 30
2.1.3.2 Perkembangan .............................................................. 40
2.1.3.3 Trend ............................................................................. 41
2.1.4 Sasaran yang akan dicapai ...................................................... 42
2.2 Tinjauan khusus ................................................................................. 43
2.2.1 Terminologi ............................................................................... 43
2.2.2 Kegiatan ................................................................................... 45
2.2.3 Spesifikasi dan persyaratan desain .......................................... 51
2.2.4 Deskripsi konteks kota .............................................................. 53
2.2.4.1 Tinjauan umum Kota Semarang.................................... 53
2.2.4.2 Tinjauan khusus transportasi Kota Semarang .............. 56
2.2.5 Studi banding atau komparasi kasus projek sejenis ................. 57
2.2.6 Permasalahan desain ............................................................... 65
2.3 Kesimpulan, batasan dan anggapan ................................................. 60
2.3.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 66
2.3.2 Batasan .................................................................................... 67
2.3.3 Anggapan ................................................................................. 68
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BAB III. ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ......................... 69
3.1 Analisa pendekatan aristektur ............................................................ 69
3.1.1 Studi aktivitas ........................................................................... 69
3.1.1.1 Pengelompokkan kegiatan .............................................. 69
3.1.1.2 Kategorisasi .................................................................... 71
3.1.1.3 Pelaku-pola-sifat kegiatan ............................................... 74
3.1.1.4 Waktu kegiatan ............................................................... 77
3.1.2 Studi fasilitas ............................................................................ 78
3.1.2.1 Kebutuhan ....................................................................... 78
3.1.2.2 Besaran ruang ................................................................. 82
3.1.2.3 Kelompok ruang .............................................................. 103
3.1.2.4 Pola hubungan ruang ...................................................... 108
3.1.2.5 Studi ruang khusus ......................................................... 112
3.1.2.6 Studi citra arsitektural ...................................................... 115
3.2 Analisa pendekatan sistem bangunan ............................................... 116
3.2.1 Studi sistem struktur dan enclosure .......................................... 116
3.2.1.1 Studi sistem struktur ........................................................ 116
3.2.1.2 Studi enclosure ............................................................... 130
3.2.2 Studi sistem utilitas ................................................................... 141
3.2.3 Studi sistem fisika bangunan .................................................... 152
3.2.4 Studi sistem teknologi ............................................................... 155
3.3 Analisa konteks lingkungan ............................................................... 157
3.3.1 Analisa pemilihan tapak ............................................................ 166
3.3.1.1 Analisa lingkungan .......................................................... 170
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BAB IV. PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR.................................................................. 173
4.1 Konsep program ................................................................................ 173
4.2 Tujuan perancangan, faktor penentu perancangan, faktor persyaratan
perancangan ..................................................................................... 175
4.2.1 Tujuan perancangan ................................................................. 175
4.2.2 Faktor penentu perancangan.................................................... 176
4.2.3 Faktor persyaratan perancangan .............................................. 177
4.3 Program arsitektur ............................................................................. 178
4.3.1 Program kegiatan ..................................................................... 178
4.3.2 Pola sirkulasi ............................................................................ 183
4.3.3 Program besaran ruang ............................................................ 184
4.3.4 Program struktur dan enclosure ............................................... 189
4.3.4.1 Program struktur ........................................................... 189
4.3.4.2 Program enclosure ........................................................ 191
4.3.5 Program sistem utilitas ............................................................. 194
4.3.6 Program sistem fisika bangunan .............................................. 199
4.3.7 Program teknologi bangunan ................................................... 200
4.3.8 Program lokasi dan tapak ......................................................... 201
4.3.8.1 Lokasi dan tapak terpilih ............................................... 201
4.3.8.2 Analisa tapak................................................................. 202
4.3.8.3 Program tapak............................................................... 204
BAB V. KAJIAN TEORI TEMA DESAIN DAN PERMASALAHAN DOMINAN .. 208
5.1 Kajian teori penekanan/tema desain penerapan struktur bentang lebar 208
5.1.1 Interpretasi elaborasi teori penekanan desain .......................... 208
5.1.2 Studi preseden ......................................................................... 225
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5.1.3 Kemungkinan penerapan teori tema desain ............................. 232
5.2 Kajian teori permasalahan dominan................................................... 233
5.2.1 Interpretasi dan elaborasi teori permasalahan dominan ........... 234
5.2.2 Studi preseden ......................................................................... 240
5.2.3 Kemungkinan penerapan teori permasalahan dominan ........... 243
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... xxi
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1.1 Peta Jawa Tengah ....................................................................... 1
Gambar 1.2 Skema jaringan transportasi Semarang ....................................... 12
Gambar 1.3 Metoda pemrograman .................................................................. 13
Gambar 2.1 Diagram interaksi antar komponen ............................................... 15
Gambar 2.2 Karakteristik terminal .................................................................... 19
Gambar 2.3 Dimensi orang antri ...................................................................... 22
Gambar 2.4 Lebar lajur bus .............................................................................. 23
Gambar 2.5 Dimensi manuver bus ................................................................... 23
Gambar 2.6 Platform dengan pola sejajar ........................................................ 24
Gambar 2.7 Pola sirkulasi bus menyebar dengan flow bentuk S ..................... 26
Gambar 2.8 Pola sirkulasi bus menyebar dengan flow bentuk U ..................... 26
Gambar 2.9 Pola sirkulasi bus menyebar dengan flow bentuk O ..................... 27
Gambar 2.10 Dimensi jalur miring .................................................................... 27
Gambar 2.11 Dimensi jalur batas sejajar ......................................................... 27
Gambar 2.12 Dimensi jalur tegak lurus ............................................................ 28
Gambar 2.13 Dimensi jalur keluar dengan sudur kemiringan ........................... 28
Gambar 2.14 Dimensi jalur sejajar dengan single line ..................................... 29
Gambar 2.15 Dimensi parkir tegak lurus dan parkir sudut kemiringan 45o ....... 29
Gambar 2.16 Dimensi pola menyudut 45o ........................................................ 29
Gambar 2.17 Dimensi parkir gergaji, menyudut gergaji dan melingkar radial .. 30
Gambar 2.18 Tipe terminal menurut pola sirkulasi ........................................... 30
Gambar 2.19 Peta Jawa Tengah ..................................................................... 39
Gambar 2.20 Skema jaringan transportasi Semarang ..................................... 40
Gambar 2.21 Bagan organisasi UPTD Bus di Semarang ................................. 50
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Gambar 2.22 Diagram keterkaitan antar moda ................................................ 52
Gambar 2.23 Jalur sirkulasi antar moda ........................................................... 53
Gambar 2.24 Peta Jawa ................................................................................... 54
Gambar 2.25 Peta Jawa Tengah ..................................................................... 54
Gambar 2.26 Peta Kota Semarang .................................................................. 55
Gambar 2.27 Rencana outer ringroad Kota Semarang .................................... 56
Gambar 2.28 Rob Terboyo dan kondisi terboyo saat lebaran .......................... 57
Gambar 2.29 Fasilitas Terminal Terboyo ......................................................... 58
Gambar 2.30 Area bus Terminal Mangkang .................................................... 59
Gambar 2.31 Hall, agen bus dan ramp Terminal Mangkang ............................ 59
Gambar 2.32 R. Tunggu, menara,pengawas, kios dan mushola Terminal
Mangkang ................................................................................. 60
Gambar 2.33 Area angkota Terminal Mangkang ............................................. 61
Gambar 2.34 Bangunan lama, area kedatangan dan area keberangkatan
Terminal Tirtonadi ....................................................................... 61
Gambar 2.35 Kios makanan, area AKDP dan area keberangkatan bus AKDP 62
Gambar 2.36 Ruang tunggu dan gedung lama Terminal Tirtonadi .................. 62
Gambar 2.37 Boarding pass, kios agen dan bangunan lama Term. PuduRaya 63
Gambar 2.38 Entrance dan jembatan antara terminal dan stasiun Pudu Raya 64
Gambar 2.39 Entrance, escavator dan food court Terminal Pudu Raya .......... 64
Gambar 2.40 Emplasement, agen bus, tangga dan toilet Terminal Pudu Raya 64
Gambar 3.1 Dimensi mobil kapasitas 8 orang .................................................. 73
Gambar 3.2 Dimensi mobil kapasitas 5 orang .................................................. 73
Gambar 3.3 Jenis dan dimensi kendaraan roda 2 ............................................ 73
Gambar 3.4 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku penumpang ........................................ 74
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Gambar 3.5 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku kru bus ................................................ 74
Gambar 3.6 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku pengelola ............................................ 75
Gambar 3.7 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku penjual makanan ................................ 75
Gambar 3.8 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku agen bus ............................................. 75
Gambar 3.9 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku mekanik bengkel................................. 75
Gambar 3.10 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku cleanning service .............................. 76
Gambar 3.11 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku keamanan ......................................... 76
Gambar 3.12 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku pengantar ......................................... 76
Gambar 3.13 Pola-sifat kegiatan pelaku tamu ................................................. 77
Gambar 3.14 Pola hubungan ruang fasilitas utama ......................................... 108
Gambar 3.15 Pola hubungan ruang area AKAP .............................................. 108
Gambar 3.16 Pola hubungan ruang area AKDP .............................................. 108
Gambar 3.17 Pola hubungan ruang area angkota ........................................... 108
Gambar 3.18 Pola hubungan ruang fasilitas pengelola .................................... 109
Gambar 3.19 Pola hubungan ruang fasilitas pendukung .................................. 109
Gambar 3.20 Pola hubungan ruang fasilitas penunjang................................... 110
Gambar 3.21 Pola hubungan ruang service ..................................................... 110
Gambar 3.22 Pola hubungan ruang makro ...................................................... 111
Gambar 3.23 Analisis ruang khusus area parkir bus ........................................ 112
Gambar 3.24 Pembagian sirkulasi pada terminal ............................................. 113
Gambar 3.25 Ramp lipat elektrik ...................................................................... 113
Gambar 3.26 Aplikasi ramp pada halte difabel ................................................. 114
Gambar 3.27 Aplikasi ruang khusus halte difabel ............................................ 114
Gambar 3.28 Pondasi foot plat ......................................................................... 117
Gambar 3.29 Pondasi sumuran ....................................................................... 118
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Gambar 3.30 Struktur rangka ........................................................................... 119
Gambar 3.31 Struktur kabel ............................................................................. 120
Gambar 3.32 Sistem stabilisasi struktur kabel ................................................. 122
Gambar 3.33 Struktur rangka batang ............................................................... 124
Gambar 3.34 Klasifikasi space truss ................................................................ 125
Gambar 3.35 Pola konfigurasi rangka batang .................................................. 126
Gambar 3.36 Teknik konstruksi rangka batang ................................................ 129
Gambar 3.37 Lapisan dak beton bertanaman .................................................. 130
Gambar 3.38 Bata ringan ................................................................................. 131
Gambar 3.39 Panel styro High density ............................................................. 131
Gambar 3.40 Cladding wall .............................................................................. 132
Gambar 3.41 Curtain wall glass ....................................................................... 133
Gambar 3.42 Dinding bertanaman ................................................................... 133
Gambar 3.43 Dinding rooster ........................................................................... 133
Gambar 3.44 PVC ............................................................................................ 134
Gambar 3.45 Alumunium ................................................................................. 134
Gambar 3.46 Lantai keramik ............................................................................ 135
Gambar 3.47 Homogenius tile .......................................................................... 135
Gambar 3.48 Vynil............................................................................................ 136
Gambar 3.49 Tactile paving ............................................................................. 137
Gambar 3.50 Metaldeck ................................................................................... 138
Gambar 3.51 Bitumen selulosa ........................................................................ 138
Gambar 3.52 ETFE .......................................................................................... 139
Gambar 3.53 Genteng keramik ........................................................................ 140
Gambar 3.54 Gypsum board ............................................................................ 140
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Gambar 3.55 Kinerja generator ........................................................................ 141
Gambar 3.56 Sistem distribusi air bersih .......................................................... 141
Gambar 3.57 Sumur resapan air hujan ............................................................ 144
Gambar 3.58 Stack vent dan syphon ............................................................... 145
Gambar 3.59 Grease trap ................................................................................ 146
Gambar 3.60 Smoke detector .......................................................................... 146
Gambar 3.61 Heat detector .............................................................................. 147
Gambar 3.62 Sistem pemadam kebakaran ...................................................... 148
Gambar 3.63 cctv ............................................................................................. 148
Gambar 3.64 Pengeras suara .......................................................................... 149
Gambar 3.65 Instalasi konvensional ................................................................ 150
Gambar 3.66 Instalasi radius ........................................................................... 150
Gambar 3.67 Jenis ramp .................................................................................. 151
Gambar 3.68 Cross ventilation ......................................................................... 152
Gambar 3.69 AC .............................................................................................. 153
Gambar 3.70 Kipas angin ................................................................................. 153
Gambar 3.71 Diagram traffic control ................................................................ 156
Gambar 3.72 Diagram control room ................................................................. 156
Gambar 3.73 Ramp lipat elektrik ...................................................................... 156
Gambar 3.74 Pengaplikasian ramp .................................................................. 156
Gambar 3.75 Lambang Kota Semarang ........................................................... 157
Gambar 3.76 Peta Jawa ................................................................................... 157
Gambar 3.77 Peta Jawa Tengah ..................................................................... 157
Gambar 3.78 Rencana outer ringroad Semarang ............................................ 160
xiv
Gambar 3.79 Analisa tapak1 ............................................................................ 166
Gambar 3.80 Tapak 1 ...................................................................................... 167
Gambar 3.81 Analisa tapak 2 ........................................................................... 168
Gambar 3.82 Tapak 2 ...................................................................................... 169
Gambar 4.1 Pola sirkulasi makro terminal ........................................................ 183
Gambar 4.2 Pola sirkulasi mikro ..................................................................... 184
Gambar 4.3 Pondasi sumuran ........................................................................ 190
Gambar 4.4 Pondasi footplat ............................................................................ 190
Gambar 4.5 Rangka beton ............................................................................... 190
Gambar 4.6 Atap rangka batang ...................................................................... 190
Gambar 4.7 Struktur kabel ............................................................................... 190
Gambar 4.8 Atap dak bertanaman ................................................................... 191
Gambar 4.9 Atap baja ringan ........................................................................... 191
Gambar 4.10 Bata ringan ................................................................................. 191
Gambar 4.11 Rooster ....................................................................................... 191
Gambar 4.12 Dinding kayu ............................................................................... 192
Gambar 4.13 Dinding partisi ............................................................................. 192
Gambar 4.14 PVC ............................................................................................ 192
Gambar 4.15 Lantai keramik ............................................................................ 192
Gambar 4.16 Tactile floor ................................................................................. 192
Gambar 4.17 ETFE .......................................................................................... 193
Gambar 4.18 Zincalume ................................................................................... 193
Gambar 4.19 Genteng keramik ....................................................................... 193
Gambar 4.20 Gypsum board ............................................................................ 194
Gambar 4.21 Sistem jaringan listrik terminal .................................................... 194
xv
Gambar 4.22 Sistem down feed ....................................................................... 194
Gambar 4.23 Sistem air hujan .......................................................................... 195
Gambar 4.24 Sistem air limbah ........................................................................ 195
Gambar 4.25 Sistem air bekas ......................................................................... 195
Gambar 4.26 Sistem proteksi kebakaran ......................................................... 196
Gambar 4.27 Sistem pengaman bangunan ...................................................... 196
Gambar 4.28 Sistem komunikasi internal ......................................................... 197
Gambar 4.29 Sistem komunikasi eksternal ...................................................... 197
Gambar 4.30 Instalasi konvensional ................................................................ 197
Gambar 4.31 Tongkat logam sistem faraday ................................................... 197
Gambar 4.32 Sistem penangkal petir ............................................................... 197
Gambar 4.33 Sistem transportasi ..................................................................... 197
Gambar 4.34 Sistem pembuangan sampah ..................................................... 198
Gambar 4.35 Sistem penghawaan ................................................................... 199
Gambar 4.36 Lampu LED ................................................................................ 199
Gambar 4.37 Lampu TL ................................................................................... 199
Gambar 4.38 Sistem kontrol cctv ..................................................................... 200
Gambar 4.39 Pengoprasian cctv ...................................................................... 200
Gambar 4.40 Pengoprasian ramp .................................................................... 200
Gambar 4.41 Tapak terpilih .............................................................................. 201
Gambar 4.42 Batas selatan .............................................................................. 202
Gambar 4.43 Batas barat tapak ....................................................................... 202
Gambar 4.44 Foto dan jaringan penerangan tapak .......................................... 203
Gambar 4.45 Batas utara tapak ....................................................................... 203
Gambar 4.46 Batas timur tapak ....................................................................... 203
xvi
Gambar 4.47 Batas selatan tapak .................................................................... 203
Gambar 4.48 Batas barat tapak ....................................................................... 203
Gambar 4.49 Penerangan tapak ...................................................................... 203
Gambar 4.50 Jaringan listrik tapak ................................................................... 203
Gambar 4.51 Vegetasi pada tapak ................................................................... 203
Gambar 4.52 Rencana trayek .......................................................................... 204
Gambar 4.53 Rencana peletakkan parkir ......................................................... 205
Gambar 4.54 Grass block ................................................................................ 205
Gambar 4.55 Jalan cor beton ........................................................................... 205
Gambar 4.56 Vegetasi pada terminal ............................................................... 206
Gambar 4.57 Tempat sampah ......................................................................... 206
Gambar 4.58 Rain harvesting .......................................................................... 205
Gambar 4.59 Sistem drainase .......................................................................... 207
Gambar 4.60 Sistem penandaan ..................................................................... 207
Gambar 5.1 Kerangka berfikir tema desain ...................................................... 208
Gambar 5.2 Unsur transportasi ........................................................................ 209
Gambar 5.3 Kerangka berpikir pemilihan bentang lebar .................................. 210
Gambar 5.4 Aspek pemilihan struktur .............................................................. 212
Gambar 5.5 Cable system ................................................................................ 214
Gambar 5.6 Tent system .................................................................................. 214
Gambar 5.7 Pneumatic system ....................................................................... 215
Gambar 5.8 Arch system .................................................................................. 216
Gambar 5.9 Beam system ................................................................................ 217
Gambar 5.10 Frame system ............................................................................. 218
Gambar 5.11 Beam grid dan slab system ........................................................ 218
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Gambar 5.12 Flat truss system ........................................................................ 221
Gambar 5.13 Curved truss system ................................................................... 222
Gambar 5.14 Space truss system .................................................................... 222
Gambar 5.15 Prismatic folded system.............................................................. 223
Gambar 5.16 Pyramid folded system ............................................................... 224
Gambar 5.17 Rotational shell system............................................................... 224
Gambar 5.18 Anticlastic shell system............................................................... 225
Gambar 5.19 Terminal PuloGebang................................................................. 225
Gambar 5.20 Shelter terminal PuloGebang ..................................................... 226
Gambar 5.21 Analisis PuloGebang .................................................................. 226
Gambar 5.22 Bilston bus station ...................................................................... 227
Gambar 5.23 Interior dan Bilston bus station saat malam hari ......................... 227
Gambar 5.24 Analisis Bilston bus station ......................................................... 227
Gambar 5.25 Edmonton Bus station ................................................................ 228
Gambar 5.26 Analisis Edmonton bus station ................................................... 228
Gambar 5.27 Struktur space truss.................................................................... 229
Gambar 5.28 Pembebanan Stansted Airport ................................................... 230
Gambar 5.29 Contoh bangunan dengan struktur kabel dan membran ............ 232
Gambar 5.30 Pola sirkulasi .............................................................................. 237
Gambar 5.31 Sirkulasi menembus ruang ......................................................... 238
Gambar 5.32 Penerapan sirkulasi menembus ruang ....................................... 238
Gambar 5.33 Sirkulasi melewati ruang dan penerapannya .............................. 239
Gambar 5.34 Sirkulasi berakhir dalam ruang ................................................... 239
Gambar 5.35 Penerapan sirkulasi berakhir dalam ruang ................................. 239
Gambar 5.36 Koridor tertutup ........................................................................... 239
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Gambar 5.37 Koridor terbuka satu sisi ............................................................. 240
Gambar 5.38 Terminal Pudu Raya ................................................................... 240
Gambar 5.39 Analisis sirkulasi Pudu Raya ...................................................... 242
Gambar 5.40 Pembagian sirkulasi terminal ...................................................... 243
Gambar 5.41 Sistem bus flow U ....................................................................... 244
Gambar 5.42 Sistem parkir kemiringan 45o ...................................................... 244
Gambar 5.43 Sistem sirkulasi menembus ruang pada terminal ....................... 245
Gambar 5.44 Sistem sirkulasi melewati ruangan pada terminal ....................... 245
Gambar 5.45 Sistem sirkulasi fasilitas pengelola terminal ............................... 245
Gambar 5.46 Sistem sirkulasi bangunan terminal ............................................ 246
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1 Jumlah penumpang angkutan umum dari dan ke arah selatan ........ 3
Tabel 2.1 Dimensi kendaraan umum................................................................ 21
Tabel 2.2 Kelas jalan di Pulau Jawa................................................................. 32
Tabel 2.3 Analisa projek sejenis ....................................................................... 65
Tabel 3.1 Agen bus AKDP dan AKAP yang akan diwadahi ............................. 72
Tabel 3.2 Pendekatan waktu kegiatan ............................................................. 77
Tabel 3.3 Pelaku-aktivitas-fasilitas utama ........................................................ 78
Tabel 3.4 Pelaku-aktivitas-fasilitas pengelola ................................................... 79
Tabel 3.5 Pelaku-aktivitas-fasilitas pendukung ................................................ 81
Tabel 3.6 Pelaku-aktivitas-fasilitas penunjang ................................................. 81
Tabel 3.7 Pelaku-aktivitas-fasilitas service ....................................................... 82
Tabel 3.8 Jumlah bus tujuan dan dari selatan pada area keberangkatan Terboyo 83
Tabel 3.9 Jumlah bus tujuan dan dari selatan pada area kedatangan Terboyo 83
Tabel 3.10 Jumlah bus AKAP dan AKDP menurut ijin trayek ........................... 86
Tabel 3.11 Jumlah angkota menurut ijin (2011-2031) ...................................... 86
Tabel 3.12 Perhitungan AKAP ......................................................................... 88
Tabel 3.13 Perhitungan AKDP ......................................................................... 89
Tabel 3.14 Perhitungan bus kota dan BRT ...................................................... 90
Tabel 3.15 Perhitungan angkota ...................................................................... 91
Tabel 3.16 Perhitungan kendaraan pribadi dan taksi ....................................... 92
Tabel 3.17 Perhitungan fasilitas utama ............................................................ 94
Tabel 3.18 Perhitungan fasilitas pengelola ....................................................... 96
Tabel 3.19 Perhitungan fasilitas pendukung .................................................... 98
Tabel 3.20 Perhitungan fasilitas penunjang ..................................................... 100
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Tabel 3.21 Pelaku fasilitas penunjang .............................................................. 100
Tabel 3.22 Perhitungan fasilitas penunjang ..................................................... 100
Tabel 3.23 Perhitungan fasilitas service ........................................................... 102
Tabel 3.24 Sifat ruang fasilitas utama .............................................................. 104
Tabel 3.25 Sifat ruang fasilitas pengelola ......................................................... 105
Tabel 3.26 Sifat ruang fasilitas pendukung ...................................................... 106
Tabel 3.27 Sifat ruang fasilitas penunjang ....................................................... 107
Tabel 3.28 Sifat ruang fasilitas service ............................................................. 107
Tabel 3.29 Kekurangan dan kelebihan foot plat ............................................... 118
Tabel 3.30 Kekurangan dan kelebihan minipile ................................................ 118
Tabel 3.31Kekurangan dan kelebihan struktur rangka ..................................... 119
Tabel 3.32 Kekurangan dan kelebihan plat sejajar .......................................... 120
Tabel 3.33 Kekurangan dan kelebihan struktur kabel ...................................... 123
Tabel 3.34 Klasifikasi rangka ruang ................................................................. 125
Tabel 3.35 Pemilihan lokasi ............................................................................. 164
Tabel 3.36 SWOT tapak 1 ................................................................................ 119
Tabel 3.37 SWOT tapak 2 ................................................................................ 121
Tabel 3.38 Pemilihan tapak .............................................................................. 121
Tabel 3.39 Jenis dan persebaran potensi tanah di Semarang ......................... 123
Tabel 4.1 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang penumpang ......................................... 130
Tabel 4.2 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang kru bus ................................................ 131
Tabel 4.3 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang agen bus ............................................. 131
Tabel 4.4 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang pengantar ............................................ 131
Tabel 4.5 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang petugas taksi ....................................... 131
Tabel 4.6 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang kepala UPTD ....................................... 132
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Tabel 4.7 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang sub. Bag. TU UPTD ............................ 132
Tabel 4.8 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang staff administrasi ................................. 132
Tabel 4.9 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang staff lapangan ..................................... 133
Tabel 4.10 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang petugas medis ................................... 133
Tabel 4.11 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang mekanik bengkel ............................... 133
Tabel 4.12 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang penjual .............................................. 134
Tabel 4.13 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang keamanan dan polsek ....................... 134
Tabel 4.14 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang pengunjung ....................................... 134
Tabel 4.15 Aktivitas-fasilitas-sifat ruang petugas kebersihan ........................... 134
Tabel 4.16 Kebutuhan ruang luar .................................................................... 136
Tabel 4.17 Kebutuhan fasilitas utama .............................................................. 137
Tabel 4.18 Kebutuhan fasilitas pengelola ......................................................... 138
Tabel 4.19 Kebutuhan fasilitas penunjang ....................................................... 139
Tabel 4.20 Kebutuhan fasilitas service ............................................................. 140
Tabel 4.21 Kebutuhan fasilitas indoor .............................................................. 140
Tabel 4.22 Kebutuhan fasilitas outdoor ............................................................ 140
Tabel 4.23 Program struktur ............................................................................. 141
Tabel 4.24 Program enclosure ......................................................................... 143
Tabel 4.25 Program sistem utilitas ................................................................... 146
Tabel 4.26 Program fisika bangunan ............................................................... 151
Tabel 4.27 Program teknologi bangunan ......................................................... 152
Tabel 4.28 SWOT Tapak .................................................................................. 153
Tabel 4.29 Program tapak ................................................................................ 156
Tabel 5.1 Karakter sirkulasi .............................................................................. 185
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ABSTRAK
Kota Semarang merupakan Ibukota Provinsi Jawa Tengah yang memiliki letak strategis sebagai penghubung Provinsi Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur. Hal ini adalah salah satu keuntungan bagi Kota Semarang. Dengan letaknya yang strategis, maka fasilitas transportasi dapat menjadi salah satu sektor pendukung perekonomian Kota Semarang.
Tujuan perencanaan projek Terminal Bus Tipe A di Semarang ini untuk mewadahi moda angkutan umum dengan trayek arah selatan Kota Semarang dan segala kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan moda angkutan umum tersebut. Terminal Bus Tipe A di Semarang ini mengutamakan kenyamanan penggunanya, yaitu manusia dan kendaraan. Pengaturan sirkulasi sangat diperhatikan agar tidak terjadi cross circulation,
Penggunaan struktur bentang lebar juga menjadi salah satu solusi untuk meminimalisir penggunaan kolom sehingga ruang-ruang bebas (space) dapat dimaksimalkan.
Kata kunci : Terminal Bus Tipe A, sirkulasi dan bentang lebar