proceeding 8 international conference and

ii

Proceeding 8th

ADRI 2017

International Conference and

Call for Paper,

Surabaya, February 15-16, 2017

Published by:

Perkumpulan Ahli & Dosen Republik Indonesia (ADRI)

iii

ISBN: 978-602-60736-4-8

Proceeding 8th

ADRI 2017


Call for Paper,


Published by:

Perkumpulan Ahli & Dosen Republik Indonesia (ADRI)

Publisher Address:

Pasar Wisata Juanda Blok Q1, Jalan Raya Sedati, Pabean,

Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur, Indonesia, 61253

http://p-adri.or.id

http://proceedings.p-adri.or.id

Email: [email protected]

http://p-adri.or.id/

http://proceedings.p-adri.or.id/

iv

ISBN: 978-602-60736-4-8

Proceeding 8th

ADRI 2017


Call for Paper,


x, 54 pages, 28 cm

Copyright Reserved

Copyright @ 2017

ISBN: 978-602-60736-8-6

Chief of Editor:

Prof. Dr. Supari Muslim, M.Pd. (UNESA, Jawa Timur)

Board of Editor:

Dr. H. Achmad Fathoni Rodli, M.Pd. (Ketua DPP ADRI)

Dr. H. Anton Muhibuddin, SP, MP. (Rektor Univ.Wahab Hasbullah, Jombang, Jawa Timur)

Dr. Meithiana Indrasari, ST., MM. (Universitas Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Jawa Timur)

Dr. Didi Sundiman, MT., MM. (UNDA, Sampit, Kalimantan Tengah)

Deffi Ayu Puspito Sari, Ph.D. (Universitas Bakri, Jakarta)

Reviewer:

Prof. Peter Newcombe, Ph.D. (University of Queensland Australia).

Prof. Seung Wook Kim. (Korea University, Korea Selatan).

Prof. Dr. Wahid Bin Razzaly (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia).

Prof. Datuk H.Dr. Mohd. Dalimin, M.Sc. (UTM, Malaysia).

Prof. Assoc. Dr. I-Hsien Ting. (National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan).

Prof. Assoc. Hunsa Punapayak. (Chulalongkorn University, Thailand).

Prof. Drs. Toho Cholik Mutohir, MA., Ph.D. (IKIP Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat)

Prof. Dr. H. Husain Dsyam, M.TP. (Universitas Negeri Makassar)

Prof. Dr. drg. Hj. I.A. Brahmasari, Dipl.DHE, MPA, (UNTAG Surabaya, Jawa Timur)

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Prof. Dr. R. Partino (Universitas Cendrawasih, Irian Jaya).

Prof. Dr. Endry Boeriswati, M.Pd. (UNJ, Jakarta).

Prof. Dr. Ir. Suhardjono, M.Pd, Dipl.HE. (UNIBRAW, Jawa Timur)

Prof. Dr. Atmazaki, M.Pd. (Universitas Negeri Padang, Sumatera Barat)

Prof. Dr. Nasrudin Suyuti, M.Si. (UNU Sulawesi Teggara)

Prof. Dr. Agus Soegianto, M.Sc. (UNAIR, Surabaya, Jawa Timur)

Prof. Dr. Ir. Suprijanto (ITS, Surabaya, Jawa Timur)

Prof. Dr. Masriam Bukit, M.Pd. (UPI Bandung, Jawa Barat)

Prof. Dr. Bambang Suprianto, MT. (UNESA, Jawa Timur)

Prof. Dr. Amat Mukhadis, M.Pd. (UNESA, Jawa Timur)

Prof. Dr. Madlazim, M.Si. (UNESA, Jawa Timur)

Prof. Dr. Bambang Yulianto, M.Pd. (UNESA, Jawa Timur)

Prof. Dr. Sarmini, M.Hum. (UNESA, Jawa Timur)

Prof. Dr. Ismet Basuki, M.Pd. (UNESA, Jawa Timur)

Prof. Dr. Abdul Muin Sibuea, M.Pd. (UNIMED, Sumatra Utara)

Prof. Dr. Herminarto Sofyan, M.Pd. (UNY, Yogyakarta)

Prof. Dr. Harapin Hafid, M.Si. (Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara)

Prof. Dr. H. Sofyan Sauri, M.Pd. (UPI, Bandung, Jawa Barat)

Prof. Dr. Aunurrahman, M.Pd. (Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Kalbar)

Prof. Dr. Drs. Junaidi H. Matsum, M.Pd. (Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Kalbar)

Prof. Dr. Edy Tandililing, M.Pd. (Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Kalbar)

Prof. Dr. Drs. Eddy Yunus, ST, MM. (Universitas Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Jawa Timur)

Prof. Dr. H. Achmad Slamet, M.Si. (UNNES Semarang, Jawa Tengah)

Prof. Dr. H. Maman Surachman, M.Sc. (UNNES Semarang, Jawa Tengah)

Prof. Dr. Sugiyo, M.Si. (UNNES Semarang, Jawa Tengah)

Prof. Dr. Ir. Ramatullah Rizieq, M.Si. (UPB Pontianak, Kalbar)

Prof. Dr. Ujianto, M.Pd. (UNTAG Surabaya, Jawa Timur)

Prof. Dr. Anna Permanasari, M.Si. (UPI, Bandung, Jawa Barat)

Prof. Dr. Suwatno, M.Si. (UPI, Bandung, Jawa Barat)

Dr. Andi Suhandi, M.Si. (UPI, Bandung, Jawa Barat)

Dr. Ibrahim Ingga, M.Ak. (UNTAG Surabaya, Jawa Timur)

Dr. M. Hasinuddin, S.Kep.Ns., M.Kep. (STIKES Ngudia Husada Madura, Jawa Timur)

Dr. M. Rif’at, M.Pd. (Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Kalbar)

Dr. Ahmad Yani T, M.Pd. (Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Kalbar)

Dr. Ardi Marwan, S.pd., TESOL. (POLNEP, Pontianak, Kalbar)

Dr. Adnan Mahdi (IAI Sultan Syafiudin, Sambas, Kalbar)

Dr. H. Wajidi Sayadi (IAIN, Pontianak, Kalbar)

Dr. Sajiyo, ST., M.Kes. (UNTAG Surabaya, Jawa Timur)

Dr. Drs. Andreas Muhrotien, M.Si (ST Pastoral St. Agustinus Keuskupan Agung Pontianak)

Dr. Wida Kuswida Bhakti, S.Kep.,M.Kes. (STIKES Muhammadiyah Pontianak, Kalbar)

Dr. Siti Nurjanah, M.Pd. (Universitas Negeri Jakarta)

Dr. Yusnidar Yusuf, M.Pd. (UHAMKA, Jakarta)

Dr. Eri Sarimanah, M.Pd. (Universitas Pakuan, Surabaya)

Dr. Rosida Tiurma Manurung, M.Hum. (Univ. Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, Jabar).

Dr. Surti Kurniasih (Universitas Pakuan, Surabaya)

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Executive Editor:

M. Ikhsan Setiawan (Universitas Narotama, Surabaya)

Soeharto (STKIP Singkawang)

Eka Murdani (STKIP Singkawang)

Rosmaiyadi (STKIP Singkawang)

Haris Rusdianto (STKIP Singkawang)

Layout and IT Team:

Agus Kurniawan (STKIP Singkawang)

Muh. Ilham Baktiar (Universitas Negeri Makassar)

Muh. Barid Nizarudin Wajdi (STAI Miftahul Ula Nglawak Kertosono, Nganjuk)

Otto Fajarianto (ADRI)

Publisher Manager of Perkumpulan Ahli & Dosen Republik Indonesia (ADRI):

Andi Mursidi (STKIP Singkawang, Ketua DPD ADRI Kalimantan Barat).

Published by:

Perkumpulan Ahli & Dosen Republik Indonesia (P-ADRI)

Publisher Address:

Pasar Wisata Juanda Blok Q1, Jalan Raya Sedati, Pabean,

Sidoarjo, Jawa Timur, Indonesia, 61253

http://p-adri.or.id

Email: [email protected]

vii

PREFACE

Praise being said to Allah Almighty God for all the grace and guidance that has been given

to us all, so the Proceedings of the 8th ADRI 2017 International Conference and Call for Papers

Surabaya, February 15-16, 2017 can be realized. Proceedings contains a number of articles and

research papers from lecturers, teachers, students, researchers and / or observer of the development

of science and technology.

Proceedings are published in book form only contains abstract, distributed to participants

in the form of compact disks (full paper) and published online at:

www.prosiding.p-adri.or.id

Hopefully, these proceedings may give benefit to us all, for the development of science,

technology, arts, culture, and sports. In addition, is also expected to be a reference for the nation

and state-building efforts so that science and technology become a strong pillar in the face of the

ASEAN Economic Community.

Lastly, there is no ivory that is not cracked. We are sorry if there are things that are less

pleasing.

Thanks you very much.

Surabaya, February 15, 2017.

Publisher Manager of Perkumpulan Ahli & Dosen Republik Indonesia (ADRI),

Andi Mursidi.

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DAFTAR ISI Study Of Organizational Behavior Independent Organization Rooted In Society For Development Process Of Cultivating Organic Rice..........................................1-7 Agustin Sukarsono, Achmad Syaichu ,Ahsin Daroini Setting Of Guidance And Counseling Services For “SMA/MA & SMK” In Curicculum 2013.................................................................................. .........8-12 Galang Surya Gumilang The Effect Of English Kampong On Society Social-Cultural Life In Pare-Kediri- East Java. .....................................................................................................13-16 Putut Handoko, Cahyaningsih Pujimahanani Competitive Dynamics In Micro: Analysis Of Perception About Competition In Deafpreneurship.............................................................................................17-21 Bambang Raditya Purnomo Domestic Violence (Domestic Violence) Is Opposed To Human Rights (Ham) In The Village Of Ngembal Wajak.................................................. ...............................22-23 Cahyo Edi, Didik Iswahyudi Domestic Violence (Domestic Violence) Is Opposed To Human Rights (Ham) In The V Community Movement Of Sekelik Sedulur In Building Cultural Harmony Of Lampung And Java Ethnics As Conflict Prevention In Central Lampung ...................................................................................................................24-37 Dr.Ida Umami, M.Pd.Kons, Dharma Setyawan, Ma Early Warning System For The Impact Of Industrial Development Waste By Using Ph Control System ............... ..........................................................................38-46 Veronika Nugraheni, Sri Lestari Dwicahyono Effectiveness Guidance Group Engineering Sociodramas To Improve The Ability Of Self Adjustment Of Social In Class Vii In SMP State 2 Singosari District Of Poor ............................................................,.......................................................... .......47-50 Erik Teguh Prakoso, Tri Desy Rahayu Haiku And Senryu In The Indonesian Cyber Literary.........................................51-60 Gatot Sarmidi Comparative Financial Performance Bank National Government And Private Banks Listed In Indonesia Stock Exchange Period 2010-2014 By Using Camel ......61-68 Ida Nuryana, Sri Wilujeng, Retno Wulandari Reviving Reading Culture:Promoting Free Voluntary Reading Among Students: The Students’ Case Of Priveate University In Malang.........................................69-75 Agus Sholeh

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Study Of Behavior Organization Institute Self Ancient Roots In Society (LM3) In The Raising Development Process Organic Rice..............................................76-82 Agustin Sukarsono, Achmad Syaichu The Multimedia Development Of Raden Mas Said Sites In Teaching History To Improve The Attitude Of Local Wisdom.........................................................83-100 Alwan Hardianto The Multimedia Development Of Raden Mas Said Sites In Teaching History To Improve The Attitude Of Local Wisdom..........................................................101-118 Alwan Hardianto Competitive Dynamics In Micro: Analysis Of Perception About Competition In Deafpreneurship.........................................................................................119-123 Bambang Raditya Purnomo Participatory Planning As Efforts To Empower The Community (Case Study Unit To Perform Technical District Trowulan District Mojokerto)...........................124-130 Bambang Agoes Hermanto DPR/DPRD, dan Kaitannya Dengan Peran Parpol Dalam Era Reformasi Di Indonesia .................................................................................................131-134 Benyamin Tungga The Influence Of Economic Status Against The Environmental Sanitation In The Village Of Ngadiluwih Rt 02 Rw 02..........................................................135-141 Nurhidayah The Development Of Audio-Visual Media Song Terus Cave Site To Increase Cultural Awareness In Sma Negeri 1 Pacitan ...........................................142-157 Caraka Yoga Aprilya Islamic Culture Impact Of Increasing Satisfaction And Performance Of Employees: Study Of Educational Institutions Sabillilah Sampang....................................158-168 Dinda Fatmah, Chamdan Purnama Developing Of Numbers Learning Module For Primary School Students Bycontextual Teaching And Learning Approach..............................................169-172 Dyah Tri Wahyuningtyas, I Ketutsuastika Setting Of Guidance And Counseling Services For “SMA/MA & SMK” In Curicculum 2013.............................................................................................173-177 Galang Surya Gumilang Language Vocabulary As a Medium For Understanding Socio-Cultural Of Speech Community ...............................................................................................178-181 Imam Suyitno

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The Acquisition Of Ritase Vehicles Againsts The Income Each Vehicle Freight Transport (Case Study In Transport Company)................................................182-193 Indah Sari, Achmad Daengs Gs, Wiratna The Role Of Social Capital Networks In The Economic Empowerment To Sustainability Efforts Of Small Industry Batik Mangrove...............................194-197 Juliani Pudjowati Effort For Improving Empathy Of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Malang Student By Usage Of Movie Therapy Technique......................................................................198-203 Leny Latifah, Romia Hari Susanti An Application Of Online Branding Design With Customisation, Culture And Communities Strategy : A Case Studies On Six Online Store Providers.........204-214 Mahjudin, Achmad Daengs Gs, Retno Susanti Economic Analysis Of Effect Cottage In The Presence Of Boarding Darul'ulum Rejoso In Jombang............................................................................................215-217 Adah The Role Of Local Mass Media Attitude Against Corruption.........................218-221 Muhammad Suharto, Tatik Swandari Pre-Service Elementary School Teacher’s Natural Science Misconceptions Of Borneo Tarakan University..............................................................................222-225 Muhsinah Annisa Students Perception On Radio English Broadcasting Program........................226-237 Ninik Suryatiningsih The Effectiveness Of Two Stay Two Stray Strategy In Teaching Reading Comprehension As Observed From Students With Different Learning Styles.....................................................................................................238-243 Rasyidah Nur Aisyah Effect Of Leadership Style Principal And Teacher Performance Based Management Of School In Mts Nurul Ulum Malang.......................................................244-249 Roni Alim.B.K, Agus Priyono, Riril Mardiana Firdaus Unsur Budaya Dalam Novel Assalamualaikum Beijing Karya Asma Nadia......................................................................................................250-259 Rerin Maulinda, S.Pd, M.Pd Paikem Application On Proclamation Approach Of Indonesia’s Independence Material (To Increase Study Activity And Result)........................................260-263 Siti Halimatus Sakdiyah, Harun

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The Effectiveness Of Direct Peer Feedback To Increase Students’ Writing Performance.............................................................................................264-287 Sujito, Emilia Yunita Analysis Of College Students Error In Solving Basic Mathematics Problem With Newman.................................................................................................288-292 Tatik Retno Murniasih, Vivi Suwanti Marriage Registration Mechanim Fornon-Muslim Citizens Of Indonesia.....292-302 Dr. M. Zamroni, Sh, M.Hum. Ways Of Using Global Market Expansion Strategy: A Study Of Smes..........303-308 Fahruddin Salim Effect Of Social Capital And Work Place Spirituality To Employee Engagement...........................................................................................309-321 Setiabudhi, Eva Nur Rachmah Analysis Of College Students Error In Solving Basic Mathematics Problem With Newman.................................................................................................322-326 Tatik Retno Murniasih, Vivi Suwanti Needs- Based Regional Organizationrestructuration (Case Study In The Nusa Tenggara Timur Regional Government).....................................................327-333 Indriyati Safety Climate In Organizational Commitment, Effect Of Safety Accident.....................................................................................................334-338 Author M.Yusuf Arnol, Author Nyoman Gede, Suryadharma. Sub District Head Efforts In Improving Civil Servants Discipline (A Study At Tanjunganom Sub District Office, Nganjuk) ..............................................339-348 Yenik Pujowati, S.Ap., M.Ap Intrinsic Value Analysis For Forecasting The Expected Shares In Investment Decision With Dividend Discounted Model And Price Earning Ratio.............349-353 Januari Ayu Fridayani, Se, Mm Islamic Culture Impact Of Increasing Satisfaction And Performance Of Employees: Study Of Educational Institutions Sabillilah Sampang .............................354-363 Dinda Fatmah, Chamdan Purnama Sxdamage Status Assessment Of Agricultural Land As a Result Of Biomass Production In Probolinggo Regency, East Java..........................................364-379 Bambang Wicaksono Hariyadi, Mahrus Ali Increasing Production With Tomato Plant Feeding Organic Fertilizer Vermicompost ..............................................................................................................380-388 Bambang Gunawan, Tatuk Tojibatus S., Yenni Ika Pratiwi

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Concept Of Welfare State In The Community Farmers ...............................389-400 Suciati Total Quality Management & Flexibility ...................................................401-408 Estik Hari Prastiwi, Irmayanti Hasan Marriage Registration Mechanism For Non-Muslim Citizens Of Indonesia ..............................................................................................................409-501 Curriculum Models Of Teacher Professional Education Based On The Indonesian Qualifications Framework (KKNI) ...... ......................................................502-506 J. Priyanto Widodo

Efektivitas Media Pembelajaran Komik dan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Group Investigation Terhadap Kesiapsiagaan Siswa Dalam Menghadapi Bencana Gempabumi Pada Siswa Kelas X Di SMA Negeri 1 Wedi, Klaten ...............507-511 Fajar Wulandari, Prof. Dr. Sigit Santoso, M. Pd2 , Dr. Sarwono, M. Pd2 Role Of Parents To Provide Incentives For Love Child Education ...............512-514 Frahasini Local Wisdom Representation In Babad Tulungagung .............................515-525 Yasip The Effectiveness Of Two Stay Two Stray Strategy In Teaching Reading Comprehension As Observed From Students With Different Learning Styles ...............................................................................................................526-530 Rasyidah Nur Aisyah The Role Of Local Mass Media Attitude Against Corruption .....................531--534 Muhammad Suharto, Tatik Swandari Scaffolding-Aided Inquiry Learning For The Improvement Of Students’ Mathematics Literacy Skills ......................................................................535-538 Buyung Gender Equality In The Political Field In West Kalimantan Singkawang ..............................................................................................................539-542 Evinna Cinda Hendriana, Dina Anika Marhayani Feasibility Assessment Of Investment In Public Infrastructure Development In Determining The Economic Potential .......................................................543-545 Yuniningsih, M. Taufiq, Marseto, Djohan Mashudi, Dwi Suhartini Creative Writing Class IV After Taught The Scientific Approach .................546-549 Arnelia Dwi Yasa

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The Factors Affecting Stock Prices On Go Public Industry Company Listing Of Indonesia Stock Exchange (Food And Beverages, Pharmaceuticals And Consumer Goods .....................................................................................................550-560 Benny Setia Build And Developing Leadership For Achieving Success .........................561-571 Sedarmayanti, Herdi Risman Corporate Governance: Will Moderate The Effect Accounting Consevatism Toward Equity Valuatio.......................................................................................572-576 Ratna Wijayanti Daniar Paramita, Noviansyah Rizal Model Analysis Wolter And Hilborn Capture Fisheries Case Study Rajungan In East Java Pasuruan ......................................................................................577-583 Samsul Huda, Siti Naviah Analysis The Effect Of Human Resources Competence Toward Performance: Studies In Economics-Based College In East Java Indonesia ......................584-588 Fariz, Tutik Winarsih Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Komik Sejarah Berbasis Perjuangan Letkol Slamet Riyadi Untuk Meningkatkan Nilai-Nilai Nasionalisme Siswa ............589-595 Raditya Jehan Andias The Impact Of The Work Discipline And Remuneration (Compensation) On The Performance Of Employees At H. Asan Airport Operating Unit Office ........596-602 Ansita Christiana, Yuli Fitriani Relationship Between Self Esteem And Aggressive Behavior State Class VIII SMP 01 Wagir ..... .................................................................................................603-608 Ch. Erghiezha N.I.K, M.Psi., Siadatul Munawaroh

Learning Strategy in Second Language Learning ........................................609-615 M. Bahri Arifin

“2017 – ADRI -International Multidisciplinary Conference and Call for Papers” 288

ANALYSIS OF COLLEGE STUDENTS ERROR IN SOLVING BASIC MATHEMATICS

PROBLEM WITH NEWMAN Tatik Retno Murniasih1), Vivi Suwanti2)

1)Mathematics Education, Kanjuruhan University, Malang, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected]

2) Mathematics Education, Kanjuruhan University, Malang,Indonesia

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract.This study is done with intention to analyze college student error based on NEA (Newman’s Error Analysis). NEA is a frame work with diagnostic procedure, they are (1) decoding, (2) comprehension, (3)transformation, (4) process skill, and (5) encoding.This study take a place at odd semester of 2016/2017. The subject of this study are 6 college student of 2016C class of Mathematics Education that consist of 2 low ability learner, 2 average ability learner, and 2 high ability learner.The instruments of this study are a test sheet consist of 3 basic mathematics problems and an interview guidelines sheet to help discover and back tracking the college student error. The test sheet problems consist of 1 exponent problem, 1 function problem, and 1 permutation problem. The data were analyzed with descriptive qualitative methods. Results of the study shows that 11% of college student shows decoding error, 17% of college student shows comprehension error, 33% of college student shows transformation error, 50% of college student shows process skill error, and 67% of college student shows encoding error. The error often occur in process skill and encoding stage.This errors were caused by the college students low conceptual knowledge, especially low ability learner, so the college students couldn’t finish their works.

Keywords: Error analysis, basic mathematics, Newman’s Error Analysis

I. INTRODUCTION

Mathematics plays an important role in the development of science and technology as well as shaping the human personality [15]. Math could be said as a building whosehave a base, frame work, floor and some elements that attached to it. A building will remain strong when it built on a firm base or foundation. The foundation in learning mathematics for mathematics education college students called mathematical base course. This course serves to strengthen and sustain the mathematics building on student’s knowledge.

Mathematical base course is a compulsory course for mathematics education college students. It given to the students at their first semester.So it could said that the entrant of this course are students who hadfreshly graduated from high school. There aresome differences between high school and college students learning style. Students get more guidance and assistance from their teacherswhen learning at the school. But in the college, the students trained to leaning with minimum guidance and assistance from the lecturer. In other words, the college student will be faced with more independent learning style.

Based on the observations of the actual mathematical class,the students in their first semester are still carried out with their old high school learning style. They couldn’t accustomed their selves with the new learning environment and style. This problem also occurs with their reference books. High school students usually uses only one reference

book in almost all of their subject matter. Butthe college students are required to read more than one reference books for the sake of further student understandings and knowledge development. High school students are still afraid of the teacher, but after being a college student, they are required to be more active in express their opinion and ask what they don’t understand to the lecturers.

The course of Mathematical base is an abstract subject matter that containprior knowledge that must be mastered by the college students, even though they are still very simple basic concept of mathematics. The concepts that taught at mathematical base are sets, logics, exponents, functions, permutation, and mathematical induction. This study will analyze the students works at exponents, functions, and permutation matter. Many college students think that this material are the difficult one.

Based on observations in the 2016C class of mathematics education, we know that: a) most of the new college students are still accustomed to learning by memorize without undersanding the concepts inside of a knowledge, b) they are still a pasive member of the class activity so they will stuck by themselves when faced with the concept missconception, and c) they only receive the given materials from the lecturer without effort to search another literatures outside the class to develop and extend their understanding. From these observation result, it can conclude that the new college students difficulty in learning at mathematical base class are because of their low understanding at mathematical concept. This is caused an error in solving basic mathematic problems.


According to Abdurrahman [1], error can be interpreted as anmistake or deviation from what is right, the procedures set forth previously, or deviation from what expected.Luneta and Makonye[13] state that, errors can be differentiate in tho two kind, they are unsystematic errors (such as calculation error) and systematic errors (which is known as misconception). Unsystematic errorsare an unintended mistake which students make and easily corrected by them selves. In other hand, systematic errorsare repeated wrong responses that constructed methodically and produced time by time. Students with systematic errors

There are many tools that can be used to analyse an error such as NEA procedures (Newman's Error Analysis). According to Newman [9], NEA is a framework with a simple diagnostic procedures, which include (1) decoding, (2) comprehension, (3) transformation, (4) process skills, and (5) encoding. Newman developed a diagnostic method that is used to identify and categorize studentserror at mathematical word problem.According to White [14], the inclusion of NEA was a powerful classroom diagnostic assessment and teaching tool for assessing, analysing and catering for student experiencing difficulties with mathematical word problems.NEA experienced a reawakening in Australia and has been included in a number of programs such as the Counting On program in the Australian state of New South Wales.According to Junaidi, et al[5], known that students errors in resolving discrete mathematics caused by: (1) the student did not know the meaning of a symbol or an existing term in the problem (Reading Errors), (2) the student did not understandthe meaning of the problem, namely the student fails to write what is known and what is being asked (Comprehension Errors), (3) students forgot a formula that will be used or strategy/procedure what to do (Transformation Errors), (4) students could not make the problem-solving algorithms in sequence and correctly (Process Skills Errors), (5) the student could not answer according to the question (Encoding Errors), and (6) the student could not translate well, especially about which was written in English (Language Errors).

Newman [9] suggests the following questions used during the interview in order to classify students' mistakes in solving math word problems. Newman’squestion: 1. Please read the problem. If there is a word you do not know, tell me! 2. Tell me, what is the problem want! 3. Say, how to find the answer! 4. Show me, what was done to obtain the answer. Talk loudly while you work so I can understand what you think. 5. Now, write down your answer. According to Prakitipong and Nakamura [10], the following conversation describes this method (See Figure 1). In the transcript below, “I” stands for interviewer and “S”stands for student.

(Problem) A pizza of twelve pieces, costs five hundred twenty eight yen. How much will one piece of pizza cost? (Process of Interview) I:“Can you read the question?” (Reading level) S: (Student reads the whole question.)

I: “What does the question ask you to do?” (Comprehension level) S: “It’s asking me to find a piece of pizza, and how much?” I: “Then, what operation do you work out to find the answer?” (Transformation level) S: “Using subtraction.” (Error occurred at this level) I: “Can you show me your calculation or write it on this paper?” (Process skills) S: “There are 12 pieces of pizza, so a piece of pizza is 528–12 = 516.”

Fig. 1An Example of Problem and Process of Interview in Newman Procedure

Studentsdifficulties in understanding the material can be traced by looking at the error they made. According Soedjadi, et al [12],studentserrors in answering questions could be seen as an indicator of the difficulties that experienced by the students. Furthermore, according to Soedjadi, et al [12], there are two factors that cause students difficulties, they are intern and extern factors. Intern factors include attitudes, cognitive development, skill and gender. External factors include the teaching method, mathematics materials, and social environments.From the problems explained before, this studyintended to analyse the college students error in solving basic mathematic problems byNewman analysis.

II. RESEARCH METHOD

This study used descriptive qualitative method. Qualitative research is research that can reveal a phenomenon experienced by the subjects in the form of behavior, perception, motivation, action, etc in a holistic manner and descriptively in the form of words and language, in a specific natural context and using various scientific methods [6].According to Mustafa [8], the major purpose of descriptive survey is to describe the state of affairs as it exists.

This study conducted at the Mathematic education of KanjuruhanUniversity ofMalang. This study take a place at odd semester of 2016/2017. The subject of this study are 6 college student of 2016C class of Mathematics Education that consist of 2 low ability learner, 2 average ability learner, and 2 high ability learner.

The data collected proceduresin this study are: a) test and b) interview. The test problems are made in form of word problem essay to facilitate the tracking back procedure of college students errors. The college students errors are categorize based on NEA’s error category, they are : a) reading (decoding), b) comprehension, c) transformation, d) process skills, and e) encoding.

Researchers prepare research instruments, they are : a) test sheet and rubric, and b) structured interview guidelines as a reference to explore data from the subject after they do the test questions. The interviews are used to trackingback through the subject errors while solving the test problem and the factors that made the errors using Newman questions. Before the study take a place, the instrument (test sheet and interview guidelines) will be validated by mathematic education expert beforehand.

Clements [3] used Newman’s prompts to analyse 726 grade 5 to 7 pupils' errors in Papua New Guinea and found that 50% of the errors first occurred at the reading, comprehension and transformation levels.Clements [3]


describe the Newman’s procedures in diagram shown in Figure 2.

Question form errors are different from those in other categories just like shown in Figure 2 because of the difficulties derived essentially from the question itself is not interaction between learners with the question. Therefore in Figure 2 the question form categories placed next to the five hierarchy. The other two categories, namely careless and motivation, are also shown separately from the hierarchy. This indicated that errors could occur in any level of the hierarchy. For example, a careless mistake could have occurred at reading error, comprehension error, error transformation, and so on. Someone who can read, understand, and capable to transforming the problem into mathematical form may refuse to process further because of a lack of motivation.

Fig. 2Newmantechnique Diagram

Students Answers analyzed by water model of Miles and Hubermen (2007). The analysis in this study include: a) data reduction, b) data presentation, and c) conclusion. The errors categorize by NEA procedure. Based on the classification of the errors, the conclusion will be made. From the Writings of Singh, Rahman, and Hoon (2010), Jha (2012), Chinama, Nhamburo, and Sithole (2014) it can be concluded that the order of the cause of the error Newman student in solving math problems is as follows :

TABLE 1 THE FACTORS THAT CAUSE AN ERRORS

Errors Cause Errors Decoding the cause of students can not read

because, in a sense can not understand the meaning of symbols, terms, or words used in the problem.

Comprehension the cause of students do not understand the meaning of the problem that characterized by students can not write what is known and what is being asked by the problem.

Transformation the cause of students fails to specify what formula is used or failed to find strategies or procedures to be used.

Process Skill the cause of students fails to work or student is not in accordance with the algorithm correctly.

Encoding the cause of students not able to answer according to what is being asked by the problem

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The data of this study consisted of quantitative and qualitative data. The quantitative data that used in this study is student test results score. The results of the average value 2016C exam class students is 71.4. Based on the test results can be traced to what extent the student conceptual understanding of the material foundation of mathematics. Qualitative data used in this study are the result of error tests analysis and interviews with students. From the error analysis, it can be examined the students error source and factors that causing them. So it can be addressed and sought to solve it so that the same error will not be repeated again. In this study there were 6 students working results in 3 problems that analysed. Each of them represent every level of the students ability, they are : low (RP and ATH), medium (LAA and MAM), and high ability (RLP and SK).

TABLE 2 ERROR ON STUDENTS TEST RESULTS

Problems Name Error category

a b c d e Find the simplest form of this algebraic form:

46

RP x x x x x ATH x x LAA MAM x x x RLP SK

Draw the function graphic of the y = -x2

+ 2x + 3!

RP x x x ATH x x x x x LAA x MAM x x RLP SK x

How many letters arrangement can be made from this word "WIYATA"?

RP x x x ATH x x x x LAA x x MAM RLP x SK

Note: a = decoding b = comprehension c = transformation d = process e = encoding x = there is an error Based on table 2, the student errors can be described as

Figure 3 below.

Fig.3Diagram Errors Students

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

a

b

c

d

e


Note: a = decoding b = comprehension c = transformation d = process e = encoding 1 = there is an error 0 = no errors Based on the analysis of the chosen students errors in test

sheets, it can described asfollowing:

1. Decoding Error Based on NEA’s error analysis on second problem, ATH

make a decoding errorbecause he don’t understand what is known in problem.

Fig.4Examples of ATH’s error on Decoding Stage

2. Comprehension Error

Fig. 5Examples of ATH error in Comprehension Stage

On third question, ATH also make an comprehension error. It because ATH don’t understand what is asked in the problem.

3. Transformation Error

Fig.6RP’s error Phase Transformation

Based on NEA’s analysis on RP’s work at third problem,

the transformation error shows because he didn’t know the appropriate formula and algorithms to solve the problem. He

wrongly wrote !

! as the formula to solve the

problem, but the right answershould have !

!.

4. Process Skill Error

Fig. 7LAA’s error in Process Skill stage

Based on NEA procedure, LAA make process skill error

on third problem.It because LAA are not careful when outlining 6!.He wrote 6! = 6 x 4 x 3 x 2 but the right way is 6! = 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x1. It make his final answer is also wrong.

5. Encoding Error

Based on NEA’s procedure, SK make encoding error at first problem.It because he failed to give the final answer.

SK wrote as the final answer, but theanswer still could

be simplified to .


Fig.8SK’s errorin Encoding stage

The interviews were conducted after the test ends and the

subject work done with the checking step. The results of interviews showed that students who make decoding and comprehension errorbecause they confuse with what to write as the known and ask in the answer sheet. They forget with what they just learn in classroom. Based on the interviews results with the subjects who make transformation error, the subjects got an error because they forgot the appropriate formula to use. They only learn by rote learning and rarely have meaningful learning whichmake them didn’t understand the concept given. Based on the interviews results with the subjects who make process skill error, they got an error because they didn’t work carefully and lazy to correct the answer. The results of interviews with students who perform encoding errors shows that, they got an error because they don’t have enough time to correct the final answer and as the result they failed to give the final answer.

IV. CONCLUSIONS

From the Newman’s error analysis result, it showsthat : a) 11% of college student shows decoding error, b) 17% of college student shows comprehension error, c) 33% of college student shows transformation error, d) 50% of college student shows process skill error, and e ) 67% of college student shows encoding error. Based on the tests and interviews results, can be concluded that the cause of the college students errors in solving basic mathematics problems are: a) the they still didn’t understand the concept in that taught at mathematical base course, especially students with low ability, b) they didn’t know the appropriate formula and algorithms to apply in solving

problems, c) they won’t recheck or looking back their own work, and d) they fails to give final answers, make it a lot of them shows process skill and encoding error.

REFERENCES

Abdurrahman, Mulyono.Pendidikan Bagi Anak Berkesulitan Belajar. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta. 2012. Chinama, Emmanuel, Namburo, Vengai, Sithole, Mathias. Analysis of Students’ Errors on Linear Programming at Secondary School Level: Implications for Instruction. Zimbabwe Journal of Education Research. Vol 26 Num 1. 2014 Clement, M.N. Analyzing Childrens Error on Mathematical Taks. Education Studies in Mathematics. 11. 1-21. 1980 Jha, Shio Kumar. Mathematics Performance of Primary School Students in Assam(India): An Analysis Using Newman Procedure. International Journal of Computer Applications in Engineering Sciences ol 2, Issue 1. 2012 Junaedi, Iwan, Suyitno, Amin, Sugiharti, Endang, Eng, Chin Kin. Disclosure Causes of Students Error in Resolving Discrete Mathematics Problems Based on NEA as A Means of Enhancing Creativity. International Journal of Education. Vol 7 No 4. 2015 L.J. Moleong. MetodologiPenelitianKualitatif. Bandung: Remaja Rosda-karya. Newman, M.A. 1983. Stra-tegies for Diagnosis and Remedia-tion.Sydney: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich. 2009. Miles, M. B danHuberman, A. M.Analsisis data Kualitatif: Buku SumberTantangMetode-MetodeBaru. Jakarta: UI Press. 2007. Mustafa, A. Research methodology.New Delhi: A.I..B.S. Publishers. 2010. Newman, M.A. Strategies for Diagnosis and Remediation.Sydney: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich. 1983. Prakitipong, Nakamura. Analysis of Mathematics Performance of Grade Five Students in Thailand Using Newman Procedure. Journal of International Cooperation in Education, Vol 9, No 1. 2006 Singh, Parmjit, Rahman, Arba Abdul, & Hoon, Teoh Sian. The Newman Procedure for Analyzing Primary Four Pupils Errors on Written Mathematical Tasks:A MalaysianPerspective: International Conference on Mathematics Education Research. 2010. Soedjadi. R. Diagnosis Kesulitan Siswa Sekolah Dasar dalam Belajar Matematika. Team Basic Sciences LPTK Dikti. 1996 Suwanti, V. Comprehensive Mathematics Instruction (CMI) BerbantuanPuzzleAljabar untukMembangunPemahaman SistemPersamaan Linier DuaVariabelpadaSiswaKelas VIII MTs Nurul Islam PunggingKabupatenMojokertoTahunAjaran 2012/2013.State University of Malang.Thesis. 2013. White, A.L.Numeracy,Literacy and Newman’s Error Analysis. Journal of Science and Mathematics Education in Shoutheast Asia. Vol 33 Num 2. 2010. Yuhasriati. Pendekatan Realistik dalam Pembelajaran Matematika. Jurnal Peluang, Volume 1, Nomor 1, Oktober 2012.

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