potensi ekonomi tangsel(tugas pi)

7/23/2019 Potensi Ekonomi TangSel(Tugas PI)

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KLK G

]OFCLN_I_LF

L& Ilsl{ Koildlfj

]o`klfjuflf }lcl nldgdlsfwl lcliln uqlnl ufsud òfag}sldlf

doqohlnso{llf {ldwls& Cg Fojl{l ‑ Fojl{l ko{do`klfj }o`klfjuflf iokgn

cgbeduqdlf }lcl }o`klfjuflf odefe g̀) nli gfg cgqoklkdlf so{hlcgfwl

doso{koildlfjlf odefe`g& ]o`klfjuflf cg kgclfj odefe`g cl}ls òfcudufj

}ofal}lglf suhulf lslu òfce{efj }o{uklnlf ‑ }o{uklnlf lslu }o`kl{ulf

kgclfj dongcu}lf ilgffwl .Xunlg{lf) ;=<=82='&

Qliln qlsu gfcgalse{ doko{nlqgilf }oildqlfllf }o`klfjuflf wlfj cl}ls

cghlcgdlf seild udu{ qoal{l `ld{e lcliln }o{su`kunlf odefe`g& ]o{su`kunlf

odefe g̀ lcliln qokljglf cl{g }o{do`klfjlf doqohlnso{llf `lqwl{ldls wlfj

cgudu{ cofjlf koql{fwl }o{su k̀unlf }{ecud ceòqsga {ojgefli k{use }o{ dl}gsl

.]C[K }o{ dl}gsl' .Xl{gq) <7>:8>;'& Sgfjjgfwl sgfjdls }o{su`kunlf odefe`g

wlfj cgsufhuddlf cofjlf sgfjjgfwl fgilg ]C[K òfufhuddlf klnzl clo{ln

so{qokus òfjlil`g do`lhulf clil` }o{odefe g̀lf& Ldlf sosl}g) òqdg}uf

co`gdglf soiln cgjufldlf qokljlg gfcgalse{ }o`klfjuflf) }o{su`kunlf odefe`g

`lqgn ko{qgbls uù` clf koiu` òfao{`gfdlf do`l`}ulf `lqwl{ldls qoal{l

gfcgrgculi& ]o{su`kunlf odefe`g qulsu clo{ln cl}ls cgao{`gfdlf cl{g ]C[K)

klgd lslq clql{ nl{jl wlfj ko{ildu lslu}uf lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf&

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Slkoi <&; ]{ecud Ceòqsgd [ojgefli K{use Lslq Clql{ Nl{jl Defqslf ;=== @ofu{us

Il}lfjlf _qlnl ]{ergfqg Klfsof ;==: ‑ ;=<=

Qu`ko{8 K]Q) ]{ergfqg Klfsof Slnuf ;==: ‑ ;==<= .cgeiln'

Dos& Clil` qlsulf husl

('8 Lfjdl Qoòfsl{l

Cl{g slkoi so{qokus cl}ls cgignls klnzl }lcl slnuf ;==: sesli ]C[K lslq

clql{ nl{jl defqslf wlfj cg`gigdg eion Klfsof lcliln wlfj so{ofcln cgklfcgfj

}o{geco ilgffwl clf slnuf ;=<= ò{u}ldlf }o{geco cofjlf sesli ]C[K so{sgfjjg

cgklfcgfjdlf cofjlf }o{geco qokoiu`fwl& ]lcl slnuf ;==: sesli ]C[K wlfj

cg g̀igdg eion Klfsof lcliln qokoql{ [}& 2?&=32&::?):> husl cg `lfl gfcuqs{w

}ofjeilnlf ò{u}ldlf qoase{ so{koql{ }ofwu`klfj ]C[K clf qoase{

}o{sl`klfjlf clf }ofjjliglf ò{u}ldlf qoase{ cofjlf defs{gkuqg so{doagi }lcl

}o{geco so{qokus& Clf }lcl slnuf ;=<= sesli ]C[K Klfsof lcliln qokoql{ [}&

:2&1=:&=== husl cofjlf defs{gkuqg so{sgfjjg cgqu`klfj eion qoase{ gfcuqs{w clf

}ofjeilnlf qoclfjdlf qoase{ cofjlf defs{gkuqg so{ofcln lcliln qoase{

}o{sl`klfjlf clf }ofjjliglf& Gfg òfufhuddlf klnzl cl{g slnuf ;==:-;=<=

1

Qodse{ ;==: ;==> ;==7 ;=<=(

]o{slfglf ?&;3;&1?=)3> ?&3=>&>2<):1 ?&23<&7==)?= ?&7:3&===

]o{sl`klfjlf"

]ofjjliglf

27&;7;):: :7&<?<)<; 7=&<7?)?< 7>&===

Gfcuqs{g

]ofjeilnlf

1<&372&:?<):? 1;&;;?&=:? 1;&:=:&?1<);2 11&::7&===

Igqs{gd) Jlq "

Lg{ Ko{qgn

;&2;7&?><)1; ;&>=?&:7;)?= ;&7;;&?37)=> 1&;>=&===

Klfjuflf <&>>=&;:1)73 ;&=<=&1>>)?2 ;&;=3&?;1)3< ;&12=&===

]o{cljlfjlf)

Nesoi) "

[oqse{lf

<;&>==&>==)>2 <3&;=;&772)?= <?&<;:&7<>);2 <2&;::&===

]ofjlfjduslf

" Deùfgdlqg

?&:>=&?27)71 2&;==&2:?)1< 2&>::&<>:)2< :&:<7&===

Doulfjlf)

]o{qozllf) "

Hlql ]o{uqlnllf

;&<1>&=2<):: ;&3>7&>:?):> ;&>;;&?2=)<7 1&=<3&===

Hlql ‑ hlql 1&==7&=7;)72 1&1>=&=71)?7 1&212&:?3)>= 1&>=2&===

Sesli ]C[K

LCND

2?&=32&::?):: 2>&>=;&7<=)1= :;&=1<&<;=)2< :2&1=:&===



Qodse{ ]o{slfglf so{kljg òfhlcg ? .ig`l' qukqoase{) wlgsu8 .<' Qukqodse{

Slfl`lf ]lfjlf) .;' Qukqodse{ Slfl`lf ]o{dokuflf) .1' Qukqodse{ ]oso{fldlf

clf nlqgi-nlqgifwl) .3' Qukqodse{ Donuslflf clf ]o{ku{ulf) clf .?' Qukqodse{

]o{gdlflf&

Qodse{ ]o{sl`klfjlf clf ]ofjjliglf so{cg{g cl{g 3 .o`}ls') wlgsu8 .<'

Qukqodse{ }ofjjliglf slfln u{uj) .;' Qukqodse{ ]ofjjliglf Slfln Igls) .1'

Qukqodse{ ]ofjjliglf Slfln Dl}u{) .3' Qukqodse{ ]ofjjliglf Klsu Dlig clf

Slfln Dl}u{&

Qodse{ Gfcuqs{g clf ]ofjeilnlf so{cg{g cl{g 1 .sgjl' qukqoase{) wlgsu8 .<'

Qukqodse{ gfcuqs{w koql{%qoclfj) .;' Qukqodse{ gfcuqs{w doagi) clf .1' Qukqodse{

gfcuqs{w {u`ln slfjjl&

Qodse{ Igqs{gd) Jlq) clf Lg{ Ko{qgn so{cg{g cl{g ; .cul') wlgsu8 .<' Qukqodse{

Igqs{gd) clf .;' Qukqodse{ Lg{ @gfu`&

Qodse{ ]o{cljlfjlf so{cg{g cl{g 1 .sgjl') wlgsu8 .<' Qukqodse{ ]o{cljlfjlf

koql{ clf oao{lf) .;' Qukqodse{ {oqse{lf clf {u`ln `ldlf) .1' Qukqodse{ nesoi

clf ldeèclqg ilgffwl&

Qodse{ Lfjduslf clf ]o{nukufjlf so{cg{g cl{g 1 .sgjl') wlgsu8 .<'

Qukqodse{ lfjduslf cl{ls) .;' Qukqodse{ hlql }ofufhlfj lfjduslf) clf .1'

Qukqodse{ }eq clf soiodeùfgdlqg&

Qodse{ Io`kljl Doulfjlf) ]o{qozllf clf hlql }o{uqlnllf so{cg{g cl{g 1

.sgjl') wlgsu8 .<' Qukqodse{ klfd clf io`kljl doulfjlf kudlf klfd) .;' qukqoase{

qozl klfjuflf) clf .1' qukqoase{ }o{uqlnllf&

2



Ko{clql{dlf clsl ]C[K slnuf ;==:) qs{udsu{ odefe`g Desl Slfjo{lfj

Qoilslf cgce`gflqg eion qodse{ il}lfjlf uqlnl }o{cljlfjlf nesoi clf {oqse{lf

clf gfcuqs{w }ofjeilnlf& Qodse{ ilgf wlfj hujl ò`ko{gdlf defs{gkuqg audu}

koql{ lcliln hlql-hlql) klfd) }o{qozllf clf hlql }o{uqlnllf) clf }ofjlfjduslf

clf deùfgdlqg& Ig`l qodse{ ilgf `lqgfj-`lqgfj ò`ko{gdlf defs{gkuqg cg

klzln <=/&

Qs{udsu{ odefe`g so{qokus òfufhuddlf klnzl }o{odefe`glf Slfjo{lfj

Qoilslf cgce g̀flqg eion qodse{ so{qgo{) wlgsu }ofjlfjduslf clf deùfgdlqg4

}o{cljlfjlf nesoi clf {oqse{lf4 hlql-hlql4 clf klfd) }o{qozllf clf hlql

}o{uqlnllf) wlfj ò`ko{gdlf defs{gkuqg nl`}g{ 7=/& Qodse{ qodufco{ .gfcuqs{g

}ofjeilnlf4 igqs{gd) jlq clf lg{ ko{qgn4 clf defqs{udqg' ò`ko{gdlf defs{gkuqg

>):2/) clf qodse{ }{g̀ o{ .}o{slfglf4 }o{sl`klfjlf clf }ofjjliglf' nlfwl

ò`ko{gdlf defs{gkuqg du{lfj cl{g ;/& Hgdl cgignls doaofco{ufjlf qohld slnuf

;==: ngfjjl slnuf ;=<=) qodse{ }{gò{ clf qodufco{ òfjoagi defs{gkuqgfwl

qoal{l qgjfgbgdlf qoclfjdlf qodse{ so{qgo{ òfgfjdls defs{gkuqgfwl&

Hgdl ò`klfcgfjdlf sesli ]C[K ]{ergfqg Klfsof clf Desl Slfjo{lfj

Qoilslf slnuf ;==: lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf) dgsl cl}ls òignls klnzl fgilg

]C[K Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf iokgn doagi cgklfcgfjdlf cofjlf fgilg ]C[K

]{ergfqg Klfsof& Nli gfg òfufhuddlf lfjjl}lf klnzl ]{ergfqg Klfsof iokgn

`ldù{ clf qohlnso{l cgklfcgfjdlf cofjlf Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf& Cg `lfl

Klfsof ò`gigdg Gfcuqs{g ]ofjeilnlf qokljlg qoase{ cofjlf defs{gkuqg so{koql{

qoclfjdlf Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf ò g̀igdg qoase{ ]o{cljlfjlf) nesoi clf

{oqse{lf qokljlg uhufj se`kldfwl&

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Ko{clql{dlf clsl-clsl wlfj cgcl}ls `ldl cl}ls cg}o{eion `lso{g wlfj

òfjulsdlf }ofuigq ufsud òildudlf }ofoigsglf sofslfj lfligqgq qoase{

}o{odefe`glf wlfj ò`}ofjl{ung ]ofcl}lslf Ceòqsgd [ojgefli K{use cg desl

Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf& Cofjlf lclfwl clsl wlfj òfjulsdlf sofslfj ]ofcl}lslf

Ceòqsgd [ojgefli K{use .]C[K' qo}o{sg cg lslq `ldl }ofuigq gfjgf òfjlfligqgq

clsl wlfj cg}o{eion cl{g K]Q clf ]o`Des Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf) qongfjjl }ofuigq

òfjl`kgi hucui ’LFLIGQGQ ]ESOFQG ODEFE@G DESL SLFJO[LFJ

QOILSLF .COFJLF ]OFCODLSLF IEALSGEF \_ESGOFS CLF

QNGBS QNL[O ' ]O[GECO ;==:-;=<=‐&

K& ]o{uùqlf @lqliln

Ko{clql{dlf ilsl{ koildlfj wlfj soiln cgko{gdlf cg lslq) cl}ls cg{uùqdlf

`lqliln qokljlg ko{gdus8

<& Qodse{ ‑ qodse{ l}ldln wlfj òfhlcg qoase{ klqgq clf fef klqgq clil`

}o{odefe`glf Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf&

;& Kljlg`lfldln }o{uklnlf qodse{ }o{odefe g̀lf desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf

}lcl }o{geco ;==:-;=<=&

1& Qodse{ ‑ qoase{ odefe`g `lfldln wlfj }esofqgli ufsud iokgn cgdo`klfjdlf

qokljlg }ofufhlfj }o{su`kunlf odefe`g cg Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf&

A&Suhulf ]ofoigsglf

Lslq clql{ ilsl{ koildlfj clf }o{`lqlilnlf qo}o{sg cgdoùdldlf cg lslq)

`ldl }ofoigsglf gfg cg`ldqucdlf ufsud8

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<& @ofjoslnug clf òfjjeiefjdlf lfsl{l qoase{ klqgq clf fef klqgq wlfj lcl

cg Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf&

;& @ofjoslnug }o{uklnlf qs{udsu{ odefe`g wlfj so{hlcg }lcl qoase{ ‑ qoase{

}o{odefe`glf qoil`l }o{geco ;==: ‑ ;=<= cg Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf&

1& @ofjoslnug qoase{ ‑ qoase{ odefe g̀ wlfj }esofqgli ufsud cgdo`klfjdlf

qokljlg }ofufhlfj }o{su`kunlf odefe`g cg Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf&

C&@lfblls ]ofoigsglf

Nlqgi }ofoigsglf gfg cgnl{l}dlf cl}ls cgjufldlf ufsud8

<& Qokljlg klnlf orliulqg clf ̀ lqudlf ufsud }oò{gfsln clo{ln clil` {lfjdl

}ofosl}lf dokghldlf wlfj ldlf clslfj wlfj ko{dlgslf cofjlf }o`klfjuflf

{ojgefli&

;& Qokljlg sl`klnlf gfbe{`lqg lslu jl`kl{lf òfjoflg }esofqg }o{su`kunlf

odefe g̀ cg Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf) qongfjjl }oò{gfsln clo{ln cl}ls

iokgn òfjo`klfjdlf }esofqg clo{lnfwl qoal{l e}sg`li&

1& Qokljlg klnlf }ofoigsglf so{dlgs ufsud wlfj qoilfhusfwl&

7



KLK GG

SGFHL_LF ]_QSLDL

L& Ilfclqlf Soe{g

<& Soe{g ]o{su`kunlf Odefe`g

]ofjo{sglf }o{su`kunlf odefe`g .oaefe`ga j{ezsn' clf }o`klfjuflf

odefe`g .oaefe`ga coroie}òfs ' `lqgn qo{gfj òfhlcg qokuln }o{coklslf cg

lfsl{l }l{l odefe &̀ ]o{su`kunlf odefe g̀ òfu{us koko{l}l odefe`

òfjl{sgdlffwl qokljlg ko{gdus8 @ofu{us ]{eb& Keocgefe) soe{g }o{su`kunlf

odefe`g cl}ls cgcobgfgqgdlf qokljlg }ofhoilqlf òfjoflg blase{-bldse{ l}l wlfj

òfofsudlf doflgdlf eus}us }o{dl}gsl clil` hlfjdl }lfhlfj) clf }ofhoilqlf

òfjoflg kljlg`lfl blase{-bldse{ so{qokus òfwoklkdlf so{hlcgfwl }{eqoq

}o{su`kunlf& Lfligqgq wlfj òfodlfdlf }lcl }o{su`kunlf odefe`g qo`lsl

cglfjjl} du{lfj qo`}u{fl& Nli gfg cgqoklkdlf l}lkgil so{hlcg }ofgfjdlslf eus}us

clf }ofcl}lslf koiu` sofsu òfgfjdlsdlf sl{lb ngcu} clf doqohlnso{llf

`lqwl{ldls) Qosglzlf clil` }ofoigsglf Xunlg{lf .;=<='&

Clil` soe{g dilqgd Lcl` Q g̀sn clil` ]u{zlfgfjqgn .;==78;3'

òfwlsldlf klnzl qliln qlsu blase{ wlfj òfofsudlf }o{su`kunlf odefe`g

lcliln }o{do`klfjlf }ofcucud& Huìln }ofcucud wlfj ko{sl`kln ldlf

ò`}o{iulq }lfjql }lql{) clf }o{iulqlf }lql{ ldlf òfgfjdlsdlf q}oqgligqlqg

clil` }o{odefe g̀lf so{qokus& Iokgn ilfhus) q}oqgligqlqg ldlf òfgfjdlsdlf

}{ecudsgrgslq sofljl do{hl qongfjjl òfgfjdlsdlf u}ln clf doufsufjlf& Cofjlf

<=



;& Soe{g ]o{su`kunlf Odefe`g [ojgefli

l& @ecoi Klqgq Odq}e{

@ecoi gfg cg}o{doflidlf eion Ceujilq A& Fe{sn }lcl slnuf <7?2& @ofu{us

ècoi gfg) }o{su`kunlf odefe g̀ qulsu clo{ln cgsofsudlf eion doufsufjlf

de`}osgsgb .Ae`}osgsgro Lcrlfsljo' wlfj cg`gigdg eion clo{ln ko{qlfjduslf& Kgil

clo{ln wlfj ko{qlfjduslf cl}ls òfce{efj }o{su`kunlf qoase{ ‑ qoase{ wlfj

ò`}ufwlg doufsufjlf de`}osgsgb qokljlg klqgq ufsud odq}e{) `ldl

}o{su`kunlf clo{ln wlfj ko{qlfjduslf ldlf cl}ls cgsgfjdlsdlf& Nli gfg ldlf

so{hlcg dl{ofl }ofgfjdlslf odq}e{ so{qokus ldlf ò`ko{gdlf cl`}ld ko{jlfcl

. @uisg}igo{ Obboas ' do}lcl }o{odefe`glf clo{ln& <

k& @ecoi Gfso{{ojgefli Gfaeò

]o{iulqlf cl{g ècoi klqgq odq}e{ cl}ls cgildudlf cofjlf ò`lquddlf

ufqu{ nukufjlf odefe`g lfsl{ zgilwln wlfj cgdofli Gfso{{ojgefli Gfaeò @ecoi

wlfj cgdo`klfjdlf eion Nl{{w Z& [ganl{cqef .<7:>'& Ko{kocl cofjlf @ecoi

Klqgq Odq}e{) wlfj òfjlqu`qgdlf odq}e{ qokljlg o~ejofeuq rl{glkio) `ldl

clil` ècoi gfso{{ojgefli gfg) odq}e{ cglqu`qgdlf qokljlg blase{ wlfj ko{lcl

clil` qwqso` .ofcejofeuq rl{glkio' wlfj cgsofsudlf eion }o{do`klfjlf

dojglslf }o{cljlfjlf lfsl{ zgilwln& Qoilfhusfwl) dojglslf }o{cljlfjlf lfsl{

clo{ln so{qokus cgkljg lslq kl{lfj defqu`qg clf kl{lfj ècli& Cg ql`}gfj gsu)

ljl{ lfligqgq òfhlcg iokgn {oligqsgq) `ldl }lcl ècoi lfsl{ {ojgef gfg

cg`lquddlf }uil ufqu{ }oò{gfsln wlfj cgsl`}gidlf clil` kofsud }ofo{g`llf

clf }ofjoiul{lf }oò{gfsln clo{ln qo{sl dojglslf gfroqslqg qoqulg cofjlf }{gfqg}

Soe{g Odefe`g Dowfoq .Qhlb{gxli) ;==>871'&

< Qhlb{gxli& ;==>& Odefe`g [ojgefli8 Soe{g clf L}igdlqg& ]lclfj8 Klcueqo @ocgl) nli& >:

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1& Soe{g ]o`klfjuflf Clo{ln

]o`klfjuflf clo{ln lcliln kljglf gfsoj{li cl{g }o`klfjuflf Flqgefli

wlfj }lcl nldgdlsfwl ò{u}ldlf u}lwl so{ofalfl ufsud òfgfjdlsdlf dl}lqgslq

}oò{gfsln clo{ln qongfjjl so{ag}sl qulsu do`l`}ulf wlfj lfcli clf

}{eboqqgefli clil` ò`ko{gdlf }oilwlflf do}lcl `lqwl{ldls) qo{sl do`l`}ulf

ufsud òfjoieil qu`ko{ clwl odefe`g clo{ln qoal{l ko{clwl jufl clf ko{nlqgi

jufl ufsud do`lhulf }o{odefe`glf clo{ln clf doqohlnso{llf clo{ln .Co}clj{g)

;==7'& ]o`klfjuflf clo{ln hujl ò{u}ldlf u}lwl ufsud ò`ko{clwldlf

`lqwl{ldls cg qoiu{un clo{ln qongfjjl so{ag}sl qulsu igfjdufjlf wlfj

òùfjdgfdlf `lqwl{ldls ufsud òfgd`lsg duligslq dongcu}lf wlfj iokgn klgd)

`lhu sofs{l` clf qodligjuq ò`}o{iulq }gignlf wlfj cl}ls cgildudlf `lqwl{ldls

kljg }ofgfjdlslf nl{dls) `l{slkls) clf nl{jl cg{g&

]o`klfjuflf clo{ln cl}ls cgignls cl{g koko{l}l qojg& ]o{sl`l) qojg

}o`klfjuflf qodse{li& ]ofal}lglf qlql{lf }o`klfjuflf Flqgefli cgildudlf

òiliug ko{kljlg dojglslf }o`klfjuflf qodse{li wlfj cgildudlf cg clo{ln&

]o`klfjuflf qodse{li cgqoqulgdlf cofjlf defcgqg clf }esofqg clo{ln& Docul)

cl{g qojg }o`klfjuflf zgilwln wlfj òig}usg }o{desllf clf }ocoqllf qokljlg

}uqls clf iedlqg dojglslf qeagli odefe`g cl{g zgilwln so{qokus& Dosgjl)

}o`klfjuflf clo{ln cgignls cl{g qojg }oò{gfslnlf& Suhulf }o`klfjuflf clo{ln

nlfwl cl}ls cgal}lg l}lkgil }oò{gfsln clo{ln cl}ls ko{hlilf cofjlf klgd& Eion

dl{ofl gsu) }o`klfjuflf clo{ln ò{u}ldlf qulsu uqlnl òfjo`klfjdlf clf

ò`}o{duls }oò{gfslnlf clo{ln clil` {lfjdl `ldgf `lfsl}wl esefe`g clo{ln

wlfj fwlsl) cgfl`gq) qo{lqg clf ko{slfjjufjhlzlk .Qhlb{gxli) ;==>'&

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Cofjlf }o`lnl`lf }o`klfjuflf clo{ln qokljlg }ofhlkl{lf cl{g

}o`klfjuflf flqgefli) dgfo{hl }o`klfjuflf flqgefli ò{u}ldlf lj{ojls cl{g

dgfo{hl }o`klfjuflf qoiu{un clo{ln& ]ofal}lglf suhulf clf qlql{lf

}o`klfjuflf flqgefli ò{u}ldlf lj{ojlqg cl{g }ofal}lglf qoùl }{ergfqg) clf

}ofal}lglf suhulf }o`klfjuflf cg sgfjdls }{ergfqg ò{u}ldlf lj{ojlqg

}ofal}lglf dlku}lsof%desl& Cofjlf co`gdglf slfjjufj hlzlk ufsud òfal}lg

suhulf clf qlql{lf ‑ qlql{lf clil` }o`klfjuflf flqgefli òfhlcg dozlhgklf

ko{ql`l lfsl{ }oò{gfsln }uqls clf clo{ln& ]o{ofalfllf }o`klfjuflf clo{ln

ò{u}ldlf kljglf wlfj sgcld so{}gqlndlf cl{g qwqso` }o{ofalfllf }o`klfjuflf

flqgefli& Qgfd{efgqlqg dokghldlf) }{ej{l`) clf dojglslf }o`klfjuflf qlfjls

}ofsgfj ufsud òfje}sg`lidlf }ofjoieillf clf }o`lfbllslf qu`ko{ clwl wlfj

so{klslq&

3& ]ofcl}lslf Ceòqsgd [ojgefli K{use

]{ecud ceòqsga lcliln qoùl kl{lfj clf hlql qokljlg nlqgi cl{g

}ofoigsglf ‑ }ofoigsglf odefe`g cg zgilwln ceòqsga) slf}l ò`}o{nlsgdlf

l}ldln blase{ }{ecudqgfwl ko{lqli lslu cg`gigdg eion }ofcucud clo{ln so{qokus&

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}ofcl}lslf wlfj cgso{g`l cl{g iul{ clo{ln%fojo{g cgdu{lfjg }ofcl}lslf wlfj

cgklwl{dlf do iul{ clo{ln%fojo{g so{qokus& Hlcg }{ecud {ojgefli ò{u}ldlf }{ecud

wlfj cgsg`kuidlf eion blase{ }{ecudqg wlfj cg`gigdg eion }ofcucud qulsu clo{ln

.K]Q ]{ergfqg Il`}ufj) ;==7'&

Clsl ]C[K so{qokus òfjjl`kl{dlf do`l`}ulf qulsu clo{ln clil`

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ufqu{ }eded clil` ]ofcl}lslf Ceòqsgd [ojgefli K{use .]C[K' lcliln qokljlg

ko{gdus8

• Eus}us

Eus}us lcliln fgilg kl{lfj lslu hlql wlfj cgnlqgidlf clil` qulsuu }o{geco

so{sofsu) kglqlfwl qlsu slnuf& Hofgq eus}us lcl 1 `lal`) wlgsu8 .<' eus}us usl`l)

wlgsu eus}us wlfj òfhlcg suhulf usl`l }{ecudqg4 .;' eus}us ql`}gfjlf) wlgsu

kudlf òfhlcg suhulf usl`l }{ecudqg) clf .1' eus}us gduslf) wlgsu eus}us wlfj

so{hlcg ko{ql`l-ql`l lslu sgcld cl}ls cgngfcl{dlf cofjlf eus}us usl`lfwl&

• Kglwl Lfsl{l

Kglwl lfsl{l lcliln kl{lfj ‑ kl{lfj sgcld slnlf il`l clf hlql wlfj

cgjufldlf%nlkgq clil` }{eqoq }{ecudqg& Kl{lfj ‑ kl{lfj wlfj slnlf il`l

uù`fwl iokgn cl{g qlsu slnuf) clf sgcld nlkgq clil` }{eqoq }{ecudqg sgcld

so{`lqud qokljlg kglwl lfsl{l&

• Fgilg Sl`kln

<' Fgilg Sl`kln K{use

Fgilg sl`kln k{use ò{u}ldlf qoigqgn lfsl{l eus}us clf kglwl lfsl{l)

cofjlf dlsl ilgf ò{u}ldlf }{ecud cl{g }{eqoq }{ecudqg&

]{ecud gfg so{cg{g lslq8

l' ]ofcl}lslf blase{) wlfj so{cg{g lslq8

.<' _}ln%jlhg qokljlg klilq hlql }ojlzlg

.;' Qu{}iuq uqlnl .qozl slfln) kufjl ècli) clf

doufsufjlf'

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k' ]ofwuquslf kl{lfj ècli sosl} .su{uffwl fgilg kl{lfj

ècli'

a' ]lhld sld ilfjqufj fosse

]lhld sld ilfjqufj fosse lcliln qoigqgn lfsl{l }lhld ilfjqufj

cofjlf qukqgcg& .K]Q ]{ergfqg Il`}ufj& ;==7& Nli 1'

[uùq wlfj cgjufldlf qokljlg ko{gdus8

]{ecud Ceòqsgd 0 F]-FKL

Doso{lfjlf8

F] 0 Fgilg ]{ecudqg

FKL 0 Fgilg Kglwl Lfsl{l

;' Fgilg Sl`kln Fosse

L}lkgil }ofwuquslf cgdoiul{dlf cl{g fgilg sl k̀ln k{use ldlf

cg}o{eion fgilg sl`kln fosse&

• ]C[K @ofu{us Il}lfjlf _qlnl

]C[K qodse{li lcliln huìln qoiu{un fgilg sl`kln k{use cl{g

qoase{%qukqoase{ cg qulsu zgilwln& Qodse{%il}lfjlf uqlnl gfg

so{cg{g cl{g8

<' Qodse{ ]o{slfglf

;' Qodse{ ]o{sl k̀lfjlf clf ]ofjjliglf

1' Qodse{ Gfcuqs{g ]ofjeilnlf

3' Qodse{ Igqs{gd) Jlq clf Lg{ Ko{qgn

?' Qodse{ Klfjuflf

2' Qodse{ ]o{cljlfjlf

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:' Qodse{ Lfjduslf clf ]o{nukufjlf

>' Qodse{ Io`kljl Doulfjlf) ]o{qozllf clf hlql }o{uqlnllf

7' Qodse{ hlql ‑ hlql

Lj{ojls ‑ lj{ojls ]C[K cgqlhgdlf clil` kofsud cgqs{gkuqg

}o{qofslqo) gfcodq }o{do`klfjlf) gfcodq ko{lfslg) clf gfcodq

nl{jl g`}igqgs&

l& Cgqs{gkuqg ]o{qofslqo

Koql{ `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj qukqoase{%qoase{ cg}o{ieon cofjlf al{l

ò`kljg fgilg qukqoase{%qoase{ cofjlf fgilg ]C[K cgdlig <==

}o{qof& ]o{qofslqo gfg òfao{`gfdlf koql{fwl }o{lflf `lqgfj ‑

`lqgfj qukqoase{%qoase{ clil` }o{odefe g̀lf clo{ln) qo{sl

òfufhuddlf }o{odefe`glf clo{ln so{qokus&

k& Gfcodq ]o{do`klfjlf

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qukqodse{%qoase{%]C[K }lcl slnuf clql{) cgdligdlf cofjlf <==&

Cofjlf gfcodq }o{do`klfjlf }lcl slnuf clql{ ql`l cofjlf <==&

a& Gfcodq Ko{lfslg

Gfcodq ko{lfslg cg}o{eion cofjlf al{l ò`kljg fgilg

qukqoase{%qoase{%]C[K slnuf ko{hlilf cofjlf fgilg

qukqoase{%qoase{%]C[K slnuf qokoiu`fwl) cgdligdlf <== .slnuf

qokoiu`fwl 0 <=='& Lfjdl gfcodq ko{lfslg ]C[K lslq clql{ nl{jl

defqslf òfufhuddlf }o{su`kunlf odefe`g ufsud slnuf ko{hlilf&

c& Gfcodq Nl{jl G`}igqgs

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Gfcodq nl{jl g`}igqgs cg}o{eion cofjlf al{l ò`kljg ]C[K

lslq clql{ nl{jl ko{ildu cofjlf ]C[K lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf

cgdligdlf <==&

l& @oseco ]o{ngsufjlf ]C[K lslq Clql{ Nl{jl Ko{ildu

]C[K lslq clql{ nl{jl ko{ildu cggngsufj òiliug cul òseco)

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@oseco ilfjqufj cl}ls cgildudlf cofjlf òfjjufldlf 1

`lal` }ofcodlslf&

<' ]ofcodlslf ]{ecudqg

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òfju{lfjdlf kglwl lfsl{l cl{g `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj fgilg

}{ecudqg k{use sgl} ‑ sgl} qoase{ lslu qukqoase{& ]ofcodlslf gfg

kglql hujl cgqokus cofjlf }ofcodlslf fgilg sl`kln&

;' ]ofcodlslf ]ofcl}lslf

Clil` }ofcodlslf }ofcl}lslf) fgilg sl`kln cl{g qosgl}

dojglslf odefe`g cgngsufj cofjlf òfhuìlndlf qoùl klilq

hlql blase{ }{ecudqg) wlgsu u}ln clf jlhg) qu{}iuq uqlnl)

}ofwuquslf) clf }lhld sld ilfjqufj fosse&

1' ]ofcl}lslf ]ofjoiul{lf

]ofcodlslf cl{g qojg }ofjoiul{lf ko{sgsgdseild }lcl

}ofjjufllf ldng{ cl{g kl{lfj clf hlql&

Qoclfjdlf òseco sgcld ilfjqufj lcliln cofjlf

òfjngsufj }ofcl}lslf {ojgefli dlku}lsof cofjlf al{l

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òfjliedg{ lfjdl }ofcl}lslf {ojgefli ]{ergfqg ufsud sgl} ‑

sgl} dlku}lsof cofjlf òfjjufldlf liedlse{ fgilg }{ecudqg

k{use) huìln }{ecudqg) sofljl do{hl clf }ofcucud&

]o`ldlglf `lqgfj-`lqgfj òseco }ofcodlslf qlfjls

so{jlfsufj }lcl clsl wlfj so{qocgl& ]lcl dofwlsllffwl)

}o`ldlglf docul òseco so{qokus ldlf qligfj òfufhlfj qlsu

ql`l ilgf) dl{ofl òseco ilfjqufj ldlf òfce{efj

}ofgfjdlslf duligslq clsl clo{ln) qoclfjdlf òseco sgcld

ilfjqufj ldlf ò{u}ldlf de{odqg clil` }o`klfcgfj kljg clsl

clo{ln&;

k& @oseco ]o{ngsufjlf ]C[K lslq Clql{ Nl{jl Defqslf

Qoal{l defqo} fgilg lslq clql{ nnl{jl defqslf cl}ls hujl

òfao{ g̀fdlf dulfsu` }{ecudqg }lcl slnuf wlfj ko{hlilf wlfj

cgfgilg lslq clql{ nl{jl }lcl slnuf clql{& Cl{g qojg òseco qslsgqsga)

qulsu fgilg lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf cl}ls cg}o{eion cofjlf al{l8

<' [orliulqg) cgildudlf cofjlf al{l òfgilg }{ecudqg clf

kglwl lfsl{l `lqgfj-`lqgfj slnuf cofjlf nl{jl }lcl slnuf

clql{& Nlqgifwl ò{u}ldlf eus}us clf kglwl lfsl{l lslq

clql{ nl{jl defqslf& Qoilfhusfwl fgilg sl`kln lslq clql{

nl{jl defqslf) cg}o{eion cl{g qoigqgn lfsl{l eus}us clf

kglwl lfsl{l lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf& Clil` }{ldsod)

qlfjls quigs òildudlf {orliulqg so{nlcl} kglwl lfsl{l wlfj

cgjufldlf) dl{ofl òfaldu} de`}efof gf}us wlfj qlfjls

; nss}8%%kuflzeie&ze{c}{oqq&ae`%}c{k%) cgldqoq }lcl <= L}{gi ;=<; }udui <<&?< zgk

<7

http://bunawolo.wordpress.com/pdrb/

http://bunawolo.wordpress.com/pdrb/



klfwld cgql`}gfj gsu clsl nl{jl wlfj so{qocgl sgcld cl}ls

òòfung qoùl do}o{iulf so{qokus& Eion dl{ofl gsu kglwl

lfsl{l lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf kglqlfwl cg}o{eion cl{g

}o{dliglf lfsl{l eus}us lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf `lqgfj-

`lqgfj slnuf cofjlf {lsge sosl} kglwl lfsl{l so{nlcl}

eus}us }lcl slnuf clql{&

;' Odqs{l}eilqg) fgilg sl`kln `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj slnuf lslq

clql{ nl{jl defqslf cg}o{eion cofjlf al{l òfjligdlf

fgilg sl`kln }lcl slnuf clql{ cofjlf gfcodq }{ecudqg&

Gfcodq }{ecudqg qokljlg odqs{l}eilse{ cl}ls ò{u}ldlf

gfcodq cl{g `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj }{ecudqg wlfj cgnlqgidlf

lslu}uf gfcodq cl{g ko{kljlg gfcgalse{ }{ecudqg qo}o{sg

sofljl do{hl) huìln }o{uqlnllf clf ilgffwl) wlfj

cglfjjl} aeaed cofjlf hofgq dojglslf qukqoase{) clf qoase{

wlfj cgngsufj& Odqs{l}eilqg hujl cl}ls cgildudlf so{nlcl}

eus}us lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf) doùcglf cofjlf

òfjjufldlf {lqge sosl} fgilg sl`kln so{nlcl} eus}us ldlf

cg}o{eion }o{dg{llf fgilg sl`kln lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf&

1' Cobilqg) fgilg sl`kln lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf cg}o{eion

cofjlf al{l ò`kljg fgilg sl`kln lslq clql{ nl{jl ko{ildu

`lqgfj-`lqgfj slnuf cofjlf gfcodq nl{jl& Gfcodq nl{jl

wlfj cgjufldlf qokljlg cobilse{ kglqlfwl ò{u}ldlf

gfcodq nl{jl defquòf .GND') gfcodq nl{jl }o{cljlfjlf

;=



koql{ .GN]K' clf qokljlgfwl) so{jlfsufj `lfl wlfj iokgn

aeaed& Gfcodq nl{jl cg lslq cl}ls }uil cg}ldlg qokljlg

gfbilse{) clil` dolcllf cg`lfl fgilg sl`kln lslq nl{jl

ko{ildu huqs{u cg}o{eion cofjlf òfjligdlf fgilg sl`kln

lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf cofjlf gfcodq nl{jl so{qokus

]o{dg{llf }{ecud%}ofcl}lslf ceòqsga lslq clql{ nl{jl

defqslf cl}ls cgildudlf }lcl ]C[K òfu{us il}lfjlf uqlnl cofjlf

al{l òfjngsufj fgilg sl`kln lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf ufsud ko{kljlg

il}lfjlf uqlnl& Fgilg sl`kln k{use qodse{li lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf

cgngsufj cofjlf al{l òfjjufldlf cul sodfgd) wlgsu sodfgd gfcgalse{

jlfcl clf sodfgd gfcgalse{ sufjjli& ]lcl sodfgd gfcgalse{ jlfcl

}o{dg{llf lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf ufsud `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj fgilg

}{ecudqg clf kglwl lfsl{l cgildudlf qoall{l so{}gqln& ]o{ngsufjlf lslq

clql{ nl{jl defqslf kljg `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj fgilg }{ecudqg clf kglwl

lfsl{l cl}ls cgildudlf cofjlf al{l {orliulqg) al{l odqs{l}eilqg) clf

al{l cobilqg& Qosoiln }o{dg{llf lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf cg}o{eion)

`ldl fgilg eus}us lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf ldlf òfjnlqgidlf fgilg

sl`kln lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf lslu cofjlf {uùq8

FSKd 0 F]d - FKLd

.Qu`ko{8 K]Q ]{ergfqg Il`}ufj& ;==7& Nli <?'

cg `lfl4

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F]d 0 fgilg }{ecudqg lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf

FKLd 0 fgilg kglwl lfsl{l lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf

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]lcl sodfgd gfcgalse{ sufjjli) `ldl }o{dg{llf fgilg sl`kln lslq

clql{ nl{jl defqslf cg}o{eion qoal{l ilfjqufj cofjlf òfjjufldlf

òseco cobilqg clf òseco odqs{l}eilqg&

Cofjlf òseco cobilqg) fgilg sl`kln k{use lslq clql{ nl{jl

defqslf cg}o{eion cofjlf al{l ò`kljg fgilg sl`kln k{use slnuf wlfj

ko{hlilf cofjlf gfcodq nl{jl }lcl `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj slnuf cgkljg <==&

Cofjlf òseco odqs{l}eilqg) fgilg sl`kln k{use lslq clql{

nl{jl defqslf cg}o{eion cofjlf al{l òfjligdlf fgilg sl`kln k{use

}lcl slnuf clql{ cofjlf gfcodq dulfsu` `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj slnuf

cgkljg <==&

a& Dojufllf Clsl ]C[K

Cl{g clsl ]C[K) cl}ls hujl cgsu{ufdlf koko{l}l gfcgdlse{

odefe`g }ofsgfj ilgffwl) qo}o{sg 8

<& ]{ecud Ceòqsgd [ojgefli Fose Lslq Clql{ Nl{jl ]lql{ )

wlgsu ]C[K cgdu{lfjg cofjlf qoiu{un }ofwuquslf lslq kl{lfj-kl{lfj

ècli sosl} wlfj cgjufldlf clil` }{eqoq }{ecudqg qoil`l qoslnuf&

;& ]{ecud Ceòqsgd [ojgefli Fose Lslq Clql{ Kglwl Bldse{

]{ecudqg) wlgsu }{ecud ceòqsgd {ojgefli fose lslq clql{ nl{jl }lql{

cgdu{lfjg cofjlf }lhld sgcld ilfjqufj fose& ]lhld sgcld ilfjqufj fose

ò{u}ldlf }lhld sgcld ilfjqufj wlfj cg}ufjus }oò{gfsln cgdu{lfjg

cofjlf qukqgcg wlfj cgko{gdlf eion }oò{gfsln& Klgd }lhld sgcld

ilfjqufj `lu}uf qukqgcg) docul-culfwl cgdofldlf so{nlcl} kl{lfj

clf hlql wlfj cg}{ecudqg lslu cghuli& ]lhld sgcld ilfjqufj ko{qgbls

;;



?& ]C[K clf ]ofcl}lslf [ojgefli ]o{dl}gsl lslq clql{ nl{jl

ko{ildu òfufhuddlf fgilg ]C[K clf ]ofcl}lslf [ojgefli }o{ do}lil

lslu }o{ qlsu e{lfj }ofcucud&

2& ]C[K clf ]ofcl}lslf [ojgefli ]o{dl}gsl lslq clql{ nl{jl

defqslf ko{jufl ufsud òfjoslnug }o{su`kunlf fwlsl odefe`g }o{

dl}gsl }ofcucud qulsu zgilwln&

?& @ecoi Klqgq Odefe`g

@ofu{us Qhlb{gxli .;==>8>7' }ofhoilqlf qoase{ klqgq clf fef klqgq) wlgsu8

’Qodse{ klqgq lcliln qoase{ wlfj òfhlcg suilfj }ufjjufj }o{odefe`glf

clo{ln dl{ofl ò`}ufwlg doufsufjlf de`}osgsgb wlfj audu} sgfjjg& Qoclfjdlf

qoase{ fef klqgq ò{u}ldlf qoase{ ‑ qoase{ ilgffwl wlfj du{lfj }esofqgli sosl}g

ko{bufjqg qokljlg }ofufhlfj Qodse{ Klqgq lslu Qo{rgao Gfcuqs{goq‐&

Lcl}uf òfu{us Jilqqef .<77=821-23') defqo} clql{ klqgq odefe g̀

ò`kljg }o{odefe`glf òfhlcg ; .cul' qoase{ wlgsu8

]o{sl`l) qoase{ ‑ qoase{ klqgq lcliln qoase{ ‑ qoase{ wlfj òfjodq}e{

kl{lfj ‑ kl{lfj clf hlql do so`}ls cg iul{ klslq }o{odefe`glf `lqwl{ldls wlfj

ko{qlfjduslf lslq `lqudlf kl{lfj clf hlql ò{odl do}lcl `lqwl{ldls wlfj

clslfj cl{g iul{ }o{klslqlf }o{odefe`glf `lqwl{ldls wlfj ko{qlfjduslf&

Docul) Qodse{ ‑ qoase{ kudlf klqgq lcliln qoase{ ‑ qoase{ wlfj òfhlcgdlf

kl{lfj ‑ kl{lfj wlfj cgkusundlf eion e{lfj wlfj ko{so`}ls sgfjjli cg clil`

klslq }o{odefe`glf `lqwl{ldls ko{qlfjduslf& Qodse{ ‑ qoase{ sgcld òfjodq}e{

kl{lfj ‑ kl{lfj& [ulfj igfjdu} ò{odl clf clo{ln }lql{ so{usl`l lcliln ko{qgbls

ieali&

;3



Clil` ècoi klqgq odefe g̀ cgfwlsldlf klnzl blase{ }ofofsu usl`l

}o{su`kunlf odefe`g qulsu clo{ln doufsufjlf de`}osgsgb wlfj ko{nukufjlf

ilfjqufj cofjlf }o{`gfsllf kl{lfj clf hlql cl{g iul{ clo{ln& Ko{clql{dlf soe{g

gfg }o{odefe g̀lf qulsu zgilwln cgkljg òfhlcg cul wlgsu qoase{ klqgq clf qoase{

fef klqgq& Qodse{ klqgq lcliln qoase{ wlfj òfhlcg suilfj }ufjjufj

}o{odefe`glf clo{ln dl{ofl ò`}ufwlg doufsufjlf de`}osgsgb wlfj audu}

sgfjjg) qongfjjl `l`}u òfjodq}e{ kl{lfj clf hlql do iul{ klslq-klslq

}o{odefe`glf zgilwln wlfj ko{qlfjduslf& Qoclfjdlf qoase{ fef klqgq

ò{u}ldlf dojglslf-dojglslf wlfj òfwocgldlf kl{lfj clf hlql ufsud òòfung

dokusunlf e{lfj-e{lfj wlfj ko{so`}ls sgfjjli cg clil` klslq-klslq

}o{odefe`glf zgilwln so{qokus& Qodse{ fef klqgq gfg ko{bufjqg qokljlg qoase{

}ofufhlfj qoase{ klqgq klqgq lslu qo{rgao gfcuqs{goq .Qhlb{gxli) ;==>'&

Lclfwl }o{`gfsllf kl{lfj clf hlql cl{g iul{ clo{ln ldlf òfgfjdlsdlf

}{eqoq }{ecudqg cg qoase{ gfcuqs{w& ]{eqoq }{ecudqg cg qulsu clo{ln wlfj

òfjjufldlf qu`ko{ clwl }{ecudqg ieali) so{`lqud sofljl do{hl clf klnlf

kldufwl) wlfj nlqgi eus}us ldng{fwl cgodq}e{ ldlf òfjnlqgidlf }o{su`kunlf

odefe`g) }ofgfjdlslf }ofcl}lslf }o{ dl}gsl) clf }ofag}sllf }oiulfj do{hl cg

clo{ln so{qokus&

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ko{lign do qoase{ ilgf& Qodse{ klqgq kgql òfjlil`g do`lhulf lslu doùfcu{lf&

]ofwoklk do`lhulf qoase{ klqgq lcliln }o{do`klfjlf hl{gfjlf s{lfq}e{slqg clf

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clo{ln clf donlkgqlf alclfjlf qu`ko{ clwl&

l& Iealsgef \uesgofs

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ilxg` cgjufldlf lcliln dueqgof iedlqg . Iealsgef \uesgofs ) I\'& Lfligqgq

Iealsgef \uesgofs .I\' cgjufldlf ufsud òfofsudlf qoase{ klqgq clf fef klqgq

clil` }o{odefe g̀lf desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf& L}lkgil nlqgi }o{ngsufjlfffwl

òfufhuddlf lfjdl iokgn cl{g qlsu .I\ 6 <' ko{l{sg qoase{ so{qokus ò{u}ldlf

qoase{ klqgq& Qokligdfwl) l}lkgil nlqgifwl òfufhuddlf lfjdl du{lfj cl{g qlsu

.I\ 9 <' ko{l{sg qoase{ so{qokus kudlf qoase{ klqgq& _fsud òfcl}lsdlf gfcodq

I\ cl}ls cgildudlf cofjlf cul al{l) wlfj }o{sl`l lcliln cofjlf }ofcodlslf

sofljl do{hl clf wlfj docul lcliln cofjlf }ofcodlslf fgilg sl`kln)

be{ùilqgfwl cl}ls cgignls qokljlg ko{gdus8

• I\ 0 Ig%Is 8 Fg%Fs

cg `lfl Ig lcliln Huìln sofljl do{hl qoase{ g zgilwln {ofcln .clil` nli

gfg desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf'4 Is lcliln Huìln sofljl do{hl sesli zgilwln {ofcln4

Fg lcliln Huìln sofljl do{hl qoase{ g zgilwln sgfjjg . clil` nli gfg }{ergfqg

Klfsof'4 clf Fs lcliln huìln sofljl do{hl sesli zgilwln sgfjjg&

• I\ 0 Qg%Qs 8 Wg%Ws

cg `lfl Qg lcliln ]C[K qoase{ g zgilwln {ofcln4 Qs lcliln ]C[K sesli

zgilwln {ofcln4 Wg lcliln ]C[K qoase{ g zgilwln sgfjjg4 clf Ws lcliln ]C[K

sesli zgilwln sgfjjg&

;2



k& Lfligqgq Qngbs Qnl{o

Lfligqgq Qngbs Qnl{o .QQ' ò{u}ldlf sodfgd wlfj qlfjls ko{jufl clil`

òfjlfligqgq }o{uklnlf qs{udsu{ odefe g̀ cg clo{ln cgklfcgfjdlf cofjlf

}o{odefe`glf Flqgefli& Suhulf lfligqgq gfg qofcg{g lcliln ufsud òfofsudlf

dgfo{hl lslu }{ecudsgrgslq do{hl }o{odefe`glf clo{ln cofjlf ò`klfcgfjdlffwl

cofjlf clo{ln wlfj iokgn koql{ .{ojgef%Flqgefli'&

Lfligqgq QQ) ò`ko{gdlf clsl sofslfj dgfo{hl }o{odefe`glf clil` sgjl

kgclfj wlfj ko{nukufjlf qlsu ql`l ilgffwl) wlgsu8

• ]o{sl`klnlf odefe g̀ clo{ln cgudu{ cofjlf al{l òfjlfligqgq

}o{uklnlf lj{ojls qoal{l qodse{li cgklfcgfjdlf cofjlf }o{uklnlf

}lcl qoase{ wlfj ql`l cg }o{odefe`glf wlfj cghlcgdlf laulf&

• ]o{joqo{lf }{e}e{qgefli ò{u}ldlf }o{kocllf lfsl{l }o{su`kunlf

clo{ln cofjlf òfjjufldlf }o{su`kunlf flqgefli qodse{li clf

}o{su`kunlf clo{ln cofjlf òfjjufldlf }o{su`kunlf flqgefli&

Clo{ln cl}ls su`kun iokgn ao}ls%iokgn il`kls cl{g {lsl-{lsl flqgefli

hgdl ò`}ufwlg qoase{ lslu gfcuqs{w wlfj su`kun iokgn ao}ls%il`kls

cl{g Flqgefli& Cofjlf co`gdglf) }o{kocllf ilhu }o{su`kunlf cofjlf

flqgefli cgqoklkdlf eion de`}eqgqg qoase{ wlfj ko{kocl&

]o{joqo{lf cgbo{ofqgli) cgjufldlf ufsud òfofsudlf qoko{l}l hlun clwl

qlgfj gfcuqs{w clo{ln .ieali' cofjlf }o{odefe`glf wlfj cghlcgdlf laulf&

;:



K& ]ofoigsglf So{clnuiu

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wlfj soiln cgildudlf }l{l }ofoigsg }o{iu cgildudlf& ]ofjdlhglf lslq nlqgi-nlqgi

so{clnuiu ldlf qlfjls ò`klfsu clil` òfoilln `lqliln wlfj wlfj cgklnlq

cofjlf ko{kljlg }ofcodlslf q}oqgbgd& Qoilgf gsu hujl ò`ko{gdlf }o`lnl`lf

òfjoflg }eqgqg }ofoigsg) ufsud ò`kocldlf }ofoigsglf so{clnuiu wlfj soiln

cgildudlf& Ko{gdus gfg koko{l}l nlqgi }ofoigsglf so{clnuiu&

<& @unl``lc Lro{{eoq Blcilf clil` qd{g}qgfwl wlfj ko{hucui

’Lfligqgq ]esofqg ]o{su`kunlf Odefe`g cg ]{ergfqg Il`}ufj ]o{geco

;==3-;==7 .Lfligqgq Iealsgef \uesgofs clf Qngbs Qnl{o'‐) òfhoilqdlf

sofslfj }o{su`kunlf odefe`g qulsu qoase{ }o{odefe`glf wlfj so{hlcg cg

qulsu zgilwln ldlf ko{cl`}ld so{nlcl} }o{su`kunlf qoal{l Flqgefli&

]o{sl`klnlf }ofcl}lslf wlfj cgl`kgi qliln qlsufwl lcliln

}o{sl`klnlf ]ofcl}lslf Ceòqsgd [ojgefli K{use .]C[K' qulsu clo{ln

wlfj ò`gigdg 7 qodse{ usl`l) wlgsu8 .<' }o{slfglf4 .;' }o{sl`klfjlf clf

}ofjjliglf4 .1' gfcuqs{w }ofjeilnlf4 .3' igqs{gd) jlq) clf lg{ `gfu`4 .?'

klfjuflf clf defqs{udqg4 .2' }o{cljlfjlf) nesoi) clf {oqse{lf4 .:'

lfjduslf clf deùfgdlqg4 .>' klfd clf io`kljl doulfjlf ilgffwl4 .7'

hlql-hlql&

Clsl wlfj cg}o{jufldlf lcliln clsl qodufco{ ko{u}l ]C[K ]{ergfqg

Il`}ufj lslq clql{ nl{jl ko{ildu cofjlf qoase{ odefe`g wlfj }ligfj

ce g̀flf lcliln qoase{ }o{slfglf wlfj ò g̀igdg qukqoase{ wlgsu8 .<'

Qukqodse{ Slfl`lf ]lfjlf) .;' Qukqodse{ Slfl`lf ]o{dokuflf) .1'

;>



Qukqodse{ ]oso{fldlf clf nlqgi-nlqgifwl) .3' Qukqodse{ Donuslflf clf

]o{ku{ulf) clf .?' Qukqodse{ ]o{gdlflf&

Nlqgi }ofoigsglffwl òfoùdlf klnzl so{cl}ls qukqoase{ ufjjuilf wlfj

cl}ls cgghlcgdlf deècgslq odq}e{ clf hujl wlfj òfjlil`g

}o{su`kunlf ao}ls) wlgsu qukqoase{ }o{dokuflf wlfj òfhlcg }esofqg

ufjjuilf cl{g ]{ergfqg Il`}ufj zlilu}uf `lqgn cg klzln cl{g

Qukqodse{ Slfl`lf ]lfjlf ldlf qu`klfjlffwl so{nlcl} ]C[K Qodse{

]o{slfglf sosl}g ò`kudsgdlf klnzl Qukqodse{ ]o{dokuflf lcliln qlsu-

qlsufwl Qukqodse{ wlfj cl}ls ko{qlgfj cofjlf Qukqodse{ ilgffwl clil`

qu`klfjlf so{nlcl} Flqgefli& Clf Qukqodse{ ilgffwl `lqgn ko{}esofqg

ufsud cgsgfjdlsdlf cg clil` ]{ergfqg Il`}ufj qofcg{g&

;& Xunlg{lf W& Wuflf clil` hu{flifwl wlfj ko{hucui ’Lfligqgq

]ofofsulf Qodse{ _fjjuilf ]o{odefe`glf Zgilwln Desl`lcwl

Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf Cofjlf ]ofcodlslf Qodse{ ]o`kofsud ]C[K‐)

suhulf cl{g }ofoigsglf gfg lcliln }oòalnlf `lqliln cofjlf }o{iu lclfwl

do`l`}ulf cg kgclfj odefe g̀ cg clo{ln lfligqgq) cofjlf }e}uilqg

lcliln ]C[K qodse{li desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf clf ]{e}gfqg Klfsof wlfj

cgngsufj ko{clql{dlf nl{jl defqslf slnuf ;===& Clsl wlfj cgjufldlf

ò{u}ldlf clsl qodufco{) cofjlf òfjjufldlf òseco lfligqgq wlgsu

Lfligqgq Iealsgef \uesgofs .I\' qo{sl Lfligqgq Qngbs Qnl{o&

]ofoigsglf wlfj cgildudlf òfwg`}uidlf klnzl qoase{ klfd4 doulfjlf4

}o{uqlnllf ò{u}ldlf qoase{ klqgq wlfj ò`gigdg gfcodq so{koql{

cgklfcgfjdlf cofjlf qoase{ klqgq ilgffwl clf ò`ko{gdlf fgilg

;7



qu`klfjlf so{sgfjjg clil` }o{do`klfjlf ]C[K desl Slfjo{lfj

Qoilslf& Qodse{ klqgq ilgffwl wlfj sgcld dliln }ofsgfj cofjlf dosgjl

qoase{ klqgq cg lslq lcliln qoase{ }o{cljlfjlf) nesoi) {oqse{lf4 qoase{

}ofjlfjduslf clf deùfgdlqg4 clf qoase{ igqs{gd) jlq) clf lg{ ko{qgn&

Qoilgf gsu doofl` qoase{ so{qokus hujl ò{u}ldlf qoase{ klqgq odefe`g

wlfj ko{}esofqg òfgfjdlsdlf }o{su`kunlf odefe g̀ zgilwln desl

Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf dl{ofl ò`gigdg fgilg I\ iokgn cl{g qlsu&

Nlqgi lfligqgq Qngbs Qnl{o òfufhuddlf klnzl qoase{ wlfj ò{u}ldlf

qoase{ de`}osgsgb) wlgsu qoase{ klfjuflf4 clf qoase{ }ofjlfjduslf clf

deùfgdlqg&

1& G{`lf clf Blan{gxli Klan{g clil` hu{flifwl wlfj ko{hucui

’Lfligqgq ]esofqg Qodse{li Dlku}lsof Ilnls ]{ergfqg Qu`lso{l Qoilslf‐&

Suhulf }ofoigsglf lcliln ufsud òfjoslnug qoase{-qodse{ odefe`g wlfj

}esofqgli ufsud cgdo`klfjdlf jufl ò`lau }o{su`kunlf odefe`g cg

Dlku}lsof Ilnls4 òfojslnug }ofjl{un qoase{-qodse{ wlfj }esofqgli

so{qokus so{nlcl} }ofag}sllf doqo`}lslf do{hl4 òfjoslnug koql{fwl

fgilg GAE[ Dlku}lsof Ilnls& Clsl qodufco{ qokljlg clsl wlfj

cgjufldlf clil` }ofoigsglffwl) cg `lfl clsl so{qokus cg}o{eion cl{g

gfqslfqg so{dlgs qo}o{sg Klclf ]uqls Qslsgqsgd) Dlfse{ Qslsgqsgd) Klfd

Gfcefoqgl) clf qu`ko{ ilgffwl wlfj ko{dlgslf cofjlf }ofoigsglf& Clsl

cglfligqgq òiliug òseco8 <' I\) ;' Lfligqgq Qngbs Qnl{o) 1' Aekk-

Ceujilq) 3' Lfligqgq GAE[&

1=



]o{su`kunlf odefe g̀ cg desl ]lio k̀lfj klfwld cgsofsudlf eion

flqgefli qnl{o&

?& Zlig G& @efcli) cofjlf }ofoigsgffwl wlfj ko{hucui ’Lf Lfliwqgq

eb sno gfcuqs{gli coroie}òfs }esofqgli eb @lilwqgl8 L qngbs qnl{o

L}}{elan& Lils lfligqgq wlfj cgjufldlf lcliln qngbs qnl{o& Cofjlf nlqgi

}ofoigsglf wlfj òfufhuddlf klnzl @lilwqgl ò`}ufwlg qoase{ klqgq cg

zgilwln Dilfslf) So{ofjlffu) ]lnefj clf Henl{ _sl{l cg `lfl do o`}ls

zgilwln so{qokus ò`}ufwlg `g~ gfcuqs{w wlfj ufgd cgklfcgfjdlf

cofjlf zgilwln ilgffwl wlfj lcl cg @lilwqgl) nli so{qokus cgcudufj

cofjlf dodlwllf lil`fwl wlfj òig`}ln& ]lcl qoòflfhufj @lilwqgl

dlwl ldlf qoase{ }o{slfglf clf qoase{ }o{gdlflf) qoilgf gsu defs{gkuqg

qoase{ }l{gzgqlsl ò`gigdg }o{lflf }ofsgfj clil` }o{odefe`glf

@lilwqgl&

Qoal{l iofjdl} }ofoigsglf so{clnuiu cl}ls cgignls clil` slkoi ;&< ko{gdus8

Slkoi ;&< ]ofoigsglf-]ofoigsglf so{clnuiu wlfj qucln cgildudlf

Fe ]ofoigsg Lils Lfligqgq Nlqgi ]ofoigsglf< @unl``lc Lro{{eoq Blcilf

.;=<<'

- I\

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Nlqgi ]ofoigsglf8so{cl}ls

qukqoase{ ufjjuilf wlfj cl}ls

cgghlcgdlf deècgslq odq}e{ clf

hujl wlfj òfjlil`g

}o{su`kunlf ao}ls) wlgsu

qukqoase{ }o{dokuflf wlfj

òfhlcg }esofqg ufjjuilf cl{g

]{ergfqg Il`}ufj zlilu}uf

`lqgn cg klzln cl{g Qukqodse{

1;



Slfl`lf ]lfjlf ldlf

qu`klfjlffwl so{nlcl} ]C[K

Qodse{ ]o{slfglf sosl}g

ò`kudsgdlf klnzl Qukqodse{

]o{dokuflf lcliln qlsu-qlsufwl

Qukqodse{ wlfj cl}ls ko{qlgfj

cofjlf Qukqodse{ ilgffwl clil`

qu`klfjlf so{nlcl} Flqgefli&

Clf Qukqodse{ ilgffwl `lqgn

ko{}esofqg ufsud cgsgfjdlsdlf cg

clil` ]{ergfqg Il`}ufj

qofcg{g&

; Xunlg{lf W& Wuflf .;=<=' - I\

- Qngbs Qnl{o

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doulfjlf4 }o{uqlnllf

ò{u}ldlf qoase{ klqgq wlfj

ò`gigdg gfcodq so{koql{

cgklfcgfjdlf cofjlf qoase{

klqgq ilgffwl clf ò`ko{gdlf

fgilg qu`klfjlf so{sgfjjg clil`

}o{do`klfjlf ]C[K desl

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ilgffwl wlfj sgcld dliln }ofsgfj

cofjlf dosgjl qoase{ klqgq cg

lslq lcliln qoase{ }o{cljlfjlf)

nesoi) {oqse{lf4 qoase{

}ofjlfjduslf clf deùfgdlqg4

11



clf qoase{ igqs{gd) jlq) clf lg{

ko{qgn& Qoilgf gsu doofl` qoase{

so{qokus hujl ò{u}ldlf qoase{

klqgq odefe`g wlfj ko{}esofqg

òfgfjdlsdlf }o{su`kunlf

odefe`g zgilwln desl

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ò g̀igdg fgilg I\ iokgn cl{g

qlsu&

Nlqgi lfligqgq Qngbs Qnl{o

òfufhuddlf klnzl qoase{ wlfj

ò{u}ldlf qoase{ de`}osgsgb)

wlgsu qoase{ klfjuflf4 clf

qoase{ }ofjlfjduslf clf

deùfgdlqg&1 G{`lf clf Blan{gxli Klan{g

.;==1'

- I\

- Qngbs Qnl{o

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- GAE[&

<' I\) so{cl}ls o`}ls qoase{

wlfj }esofqgli lslu ufjjui wlgsu

qoase{ }o{slfglf) qoase{

klfjuflf) qoase{ doulfjlf)

}o{qozllf clf hlql }o{uqlnllf

clf qoase{ hlql-hlql& ;' Nlqgi

lfligqgq Qngbs Qnl{o) qoase{

odefe`g wlfj }esofqgli cg

Dlku}lsof Ilnls nlfwl sgjl

qoase{ wlgsu qoase{ gfcuqs{w

}ofjeilnlf) qoase{ klfjuflf

13



clf qoase{ doulfjlf) }o{qozllf

clf hlql-hlql }o{uqlnllf& 1'

Nlqgi lfligqgq Aekk-Ceujilq)

so{fwlsl }ofgfjdlslf fgilg

}{ecudqg qoase{ }o{slfglf) qoase{

klfjuflf clf qoase{ hlql-hlql

ò`}ufwlg }ofjl{un }eqgsgb

so{nlcl} }ofgfjdlslf

doqo`}lslf do{hl qoclfjdlf

qoase{ doulfjlf) }o{qozllf clf

hlql }o{uqlnllf ò`}ufwlg

}ofjl{un fojlsgro so{nlcl}

}ofag}sllf doqo`}lslf do{hl& 3'

Cl{g lfligqgq GAE[ so{fwlsl

GAE[ Dlku}lsof Ilnls qoal{l

sesli lcliln <<)1;/&

3 Flxoig Lcflf - I\

- Qngbs Qnl{o

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klnzl so{cl}ls 2.ofl`' qoase{

klqgq cg Desl ]lio`klfj) wlgsu

qoase{ gfcuqs{w }ofjeilnlf)

qoase{ }o{cljlfjlf) nesoi clf

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lg{ ko{qgn) qoase{ }ofjlfjduslf

clf deùfgdlqg) qoase{

doulfjlf) qo{sl qoase{ hlql-hlql&

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eion flqgefli qnl{o&? Zlig G& @efcli .;=<=' Qngbs Qnl{o Nlqgi ]ofoigsglf ̀ ofufhuddlf

klnzl @lilwqgl ò`}ufwlg

qoase{ klqgq cg zgilwln Dilfslf)

So{ofjlffu) ]lnefj clf Henl{

_sl{l cg `lfl do o`}ls zgilwln

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gfcuqs{w wlfj ufgd cgklfcgfjdlf

cofjlf zgilwln ilgffwl wlfj

lcl cg @lilwqgl) nli so{qokus

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lil`fwl wlfj òig`}ln& ]lcl

qoòflfhufj @lilwqgl dlwl

ldlf qoase{ }o{slfglf clf qoase{

}o{gdlflf) qoilgf gsu defs{gkuqg

qoase{ }l{gzgqlsl ò`gigdg

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A& Do{lfjdl ]o`gdg{lf Soe{gsgq

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cgsufhuddlf eion clsl ]{ecud Ceòqsgd [ojgefli K{use& ]{ecud Ceòqsgd

12



[ojgefli K{use lslq clql{ nl{jl ko{ildu cgjufldlf ufsud òfjoslnug qs{udsu{

odefe g̀& Cg `lfl clil` }o{ngsufjlf so{qokus cg}o{iudlf qulsu clsl wlfj

òfcudufj lclfwl }o{su`kunlf odefe`g qulsu clo{ln lslu Fojl{l& Clsl wlfj

cg}o{iudlf clil` òfjlfligqgq ]ofcl}lslf Ceòqsgd [ojgefli K{use .]C[K'

qulsu clo{ln lcliln cofjlf òfjoslnug clo{ln `lfl wlfj ò`}ufwlg

do`l`}ulf clil` òfag}sldlf il}lfjlf uqlnl lslu}uf qu`klfjlf wlfj

cgko{gdlf clil` qoase{ ‑ qoase{ }o{odefe g̀lf clil` qulsu clo{ln so{sofsu&

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}o{uklnlf odefe`g qulsu clo{ln so{qokus) wlgsu8 }o{slfglf4 }o{sl`klfjlf clf

}ofjjliglf4 gfcuqs{w }ofjeilnlf4 igqs{gd) jlq) clf lg{ `gfu`4 klfjuflf clf

defqs{udqg4 }o{cljlfjlf) nesoi) clf {oqse{lf4 lfjduslf clf deùfgdlqg4 klfd clf

io`kljl doulfjlf ilgffwl4 hlql-hlql& Cg clil` qoase{ }o{cljlfjlf) nesoi) clf

{oqse{lf so{cl}ls koko{l}l qoase{ iljg wlfj òfhlcg befclqg cl{g qoase{ so{qokus

qo}o{sg cg lfsl{lfwl lcliln Qukqodse{ ]o{cljlfjlf koql{ clf oao{lf) Qukqodse{

{oqse{lf clf {u`ln `ldlf) Qukqodse{ nesoi clf ldeèclqg ilgffwl&

Cofjlf lclfwl clsl so{qokus qongfjjl cl}ls dgsl kuls qulsu do{lfjdl

ko{}gdg{ wlfj ò`klfsu dgsl ufsud ò`}o{ùcln l}l qlhl wlfj òfhlcg

}o`klnlqlf clil` }ofoigsglf&

Jl`kl{ ;&< Do{lfjdl Ko{}gdg{ Lfligqgq ]esofqg ]o{su`kunlf Odefe`g cg Desl

Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf }o{geco ;==: ‑ ;=<=

1:

]C[K ]{ergfqg Klfsof

]C[K Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf

]o{uùqlf @lqliln Su ulf ]ofoigsglf

Lfligqgq Clsl8<& Iealsgef \uesgofs;& Qngbs Qnl{o1& Sg}eiejgNlqgi clf



KLK GGG

@OSECEIEJG ]OFOIGSGLF

1>

Qoase{ ]o{cljlfjlf) nesoi) clf {oqse{lf8<& Qukqodse{ ]o{cljlfjlf koql{ clf

oao{lf;& Qukqodse{ {oqse{lf clf {u`ln



@oseco }ofoigsglf ò{u}ldlf qulsu al{l kljlg`lfl u{uslf }ofoigsglf

cgildudlf) wlgsu cofjlf òfofsudlf qgbls }ofoigsglf clf kljlg̀ lfl }{eqocu{

}ofoigsglf cgildudlf&

L& [ulfj Igfjdu} ]ofoigsglf

]ofoigsglf cgildqlfldlf cg Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf& ]o`gignlf iedlqg cg

desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf cofjlf }o{sg`klfjlf klnzl zgilwln gfg ò{u}ldlf

clo{ln wlfj {oilsgro ko{uqgl ùcl clf ko{qofsunlf cofjlf hliu{ }o{cljlfjlf cl{g

}uilu Hlzl òfuhu ]uilu Qu`lso{l lslu}uf qokligdfwl& Qoòfsl{l }o{geco wlfj

cgjufldlf }lcl }ofoigsglf gfg òig}usg slnuf ;==:-;=<=&

K&@oseco ]ofofsulf Ql`}oi

Sodfgd }ofjl`kgilf ql`}oi clil` }ofoigsglf gfg lcliln cofjlf

òfjjufldlf sodfgd }u{}eqgro ql`}igfj) wlgsu }ofjl`kgilf ql`}oi cofjlf

òfjjufldlf }o{sg`klfjlf-}o{sg`klfjlf so{sofsu cl{g }ofoigsg& ]o`gignlf iedlqg

gfg cgsosl}dlf qoal{l qofjlhl . }u{}eqgro') cg `lfl }ofjl`kgilf iedlqg

ko{clql{dlf a{gso{gl wlfj cglfjjl} ò`}ufwlg doso{dlgslf cofjlf dl{ldso{gqsgd

}e}uilqg wlfj qucln cgdoslnug qokoiu`fwl& Ql`}oi clil` }ofoigsglf gfg lcliln

desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf&

Qoclfjdlf }e}uilqg wlfj cgjufldlf clil` }ofoigsglf gfg lcliln ]{ergfqg

Klfsof&

A& @oseco ]ofju`}uilf Clsl

17



@oseco }ofju`}uilf clsl òfhlcg qlfjls }ofsgfj dl{ofl cg}o{iudlf

ufsud ò`}o{slfjjufjhlzlkdlf dokofl{lf gi g̀ln clf e{gqgfligslq qulsu

}ofoigsglf) cg ql`}gfj gsu òseco }ofoigsglf hujl cg}o{iudlf ufsud òfcl}lsdlf

nlqgi wlfj qoqulg cofjlf suhulf }ofoigsglf wlfj qucln cg{ofalfldlf& Clil`

}ofoigsglf gfg clsl wlfj cg}o{jufldlf lcliln8

<& Qu`ko{ Clsl

Clsl wlfj cgjufldlf clil` }ofoigsglf gfg lcliln clsl qodufco{& Clsl

Qodufco{) wlgsu clsl wlfj sgcld cguqlnldlf qofcg{g }ofju`}uilffwl eion }ofoigsg&

Clsl gfg cgl`kgi cofjlf suhulf ufsud òiofjdl}g gfbe{`lqg wlfj ldlf cgqlhgdlf

}lcl }ofwuquflf qd{g}qg& Clsl cg}o{eion cl{g igso{lsu{o ‑ igso{lsu{o wlfj lcl qo{sl

klclf ‑ klclf so{dlgs wlfj qoqulg cofjlf so`l }ofoigsglf) qo}o{sg8 K]Q clf

}oò{gfsln desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf&

;& Hofgq Clsl

Clsl wlfj cgdu`}uidlf ufsud òfcudufj }ofoigsglf gfg cg}o{eion òiliug

soilln do}uqsldllf clf nlqgi }ukigdlqg) lcl}uf cg lfsl{lfwl lcliln qokljlg

ko{gdus8

l& ]{ecud Ceòqsgd [ojgefli K{use ]{ergfqg Klfsof Lslq Clql{ Nl{jl

Defqslf ;=== @ofu{us Il}lfjlf _qlnl ;==: ‑ ;=<=&

k& ]{ecud Ceòqsgd [ojgefli K{use Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf L&C&N

Defqslf ;=== @ofu{us Il}lfjlf _qlnl Slnuf ;==: - ;=<=

C& @oseco Lfligqgq Clsl

Lfligqgq wlfj cgjufldlf òfjlau }lcl {uùqlf clf suhulf }ofoigsglf&

3=



<& _fsud òfjoslnug clf òfjjeiefjdlf lfsl{l qoase{ klqgq clf fef

klqgq so{nlcl} ]ofcl}lslf Ceòqsgd [ojgefli K{use .]C[K Desl

Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf' `ldl òseco lfligqgq clsl wlfj cgjufldlf lcliln

Iealsgef \uesgofs .I\'&

l& Iealsgef \uesgofs

Lfligqgq Iealsgef \uesgofs .I\' cgjufldlf ufsud òfofsudlf

qoase{ klqgq clf fef klqgq clil` }o{odefe`glf desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf&

L}lkgil nlqgi }o{ngsufjlfffwl òfufhuddlf lfjdl iokgn cl{g qlsu .I\ 6

<' ko{l{sg qoase{ so{qokus ò{u}ldlf qoase{ klqgq& Qokligdfwl) l}lkgil

nlqgifwl òfufhuddlf lfjdl du{lfj cl{g qlsu .I\ 9 <' ko{l{sg qoase{

so{qokus kudlf qoase{ klqgq& _fsud òfcl}lsdlf gfcodq I\ cl}ls

cgildudlf cofjlf cul al{l) wlfj }o{sl`l lcliln cofjlf }ofcodlslf

sofljl do{hl clf wlfj docul lcliln cofjlf }ofcodlslf fgilg sl`kln)

be{ùilqgfwl cl}ls cgignls qokljlg ko{gdus8

• I\ 0 Ig%Is 8 Fg%Fs

cg `lfl Ig lcliln Huìln sofljl do{hl qoase{ g zgilwln {ofcln

.clil` nli gfg desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf'4 Is lcliln Huìln sofljl do{hl sesli

zgilwln {ofcln4 Fg lcliln Huìln sofljl do{hl qoase{ g zgilwln sgfjjg

. clil` nli gfg }{ergfqg Klfsof'4 clf Fs lcliln huìln sofljl do{hl sesli

zgilwln sgfjjg&

• I\ 0 Qg%Qs 8 Wg%Ws

cg `lfl Qg lcliln ]C[K qoase{ g zgilwln {ofcln4 Qs lcliln ]C[K

sesli zgilwln {ofcln4 Wg lcliln ]C[K qoase{ g zgilwln sgfjjg4 clf Ws

lcliln ]C[K sesli zgilwln sgfjjg&

3<



;& _fsud òfjoslnug }o{uklnlf qs{udsu{ odefe`g wlfj so{hlcg }lcl

qoase{ ‑ qoase{ }o{odefe`glf qoil`l }o{geco ;==: ‑ ;=<= cg Desl

Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf cofjlf òseco Qngbs Qnl{o&

l& Qngbs Qnl{o

Lfligqgq QQ cgjufldlf ufsud òfjoslnug }{eqoq }o{su`kunlf

odefe g̀ qulsu clo{ln clil` dlgslffwl cofjlf }o{odefe g̀lf clo{ln

laulf wlgsu zgilwln wlfj iokgn iulq& _fsud òfjoslnug }{eqoq

}o{su`kunlf odefe`g qulsu clo{ln cofjlf òfjjufldlf lfligqgq QQ

cgjufldlf rl{glkoi }ofsgfj qo}o{sg sofljl do{hl) }ofcucud clf

}ofcl}lslf&

]o{su`kunlf ]C[K sesli .J' cl}ls cgu{lgdlf òfhlcg de`}efof

Qngbs clf de`}efof Qnl{o) wlgsu8

<' De`}efof flqgefli Qnl{o .F' lcliln klfwldfwl }o{sl`klnlf

]CK qolfclgfwl }o{su`kunlffwl ql`l cofjlf ilhu

}o{su`kunlf ]C[K ]{ergfqg qoil`l }o{geco wlfj so{aldu}

clil` qsucg&

;' De`}efof }{e}e{sgefli Qngbs .]') òfjudu{ koql{fwl fos qngbs

zgilwln {ofcln wlfj cgldgklsdlf eion de`}eqgqg qoase{ ‑

qoase{ ]C[K }lcl zgilwln {ofcln wlfj ko{qlfjduslf ko{ukln&

L}lkgil ]H 6 = l{sgfwl zgilwln {ofcln wlfj ko{qlfjduslf

ko{q}oqgligqlqg }lcl qoase{ ‑ qoase{ wlfj }lcl sgfjdls zgilwln

sgfjjg su`kun {oilsgro ao}ls clf l}lkgil ]H 9 = ko{l{sg zgilwln

{ofcln wlfj ko{q}oqgligqlqg }lcl qoase{ ‑ qoase{ wlfj cg sgfjdls

3;



zgilwln sgfjjg }o{su`kunlffwl cofjlf il`kls lslu klndlf

qoclfj su{uf&

1' De`}efof cgbbo{ofsgli Qngbs .C') òfjudu{ koql{fwl fos qngbs

wlfj cgldgklsdlf eion qoase{ ‑ qoase{ so{sofsu wlfj su`kun

iokgn ao}ls lslu iokgn il`kls cg zgilwln {ofcln cgklfcgfjdlf

cofjlf sgfjdls zgilwln sgfjjg wlfj cgqoklkdlf eion blase{ ‑

blase{ iedlqgefli gfso{f& Clo{ln wlfj ò`}ufwlg doufsufjlf

iedlqgefli) qo}o{sg qu`ko{ clwl wlfj klgd ldlf ò`}ufwlg

cgbbo{ofsgli qngbs ae`}efofs }eqsgb .CH 6 =') qokligdfwl zgilwln

{ofcln wlfj qoal{l iedlqgefli sgcld òfjufsufjdlf ldlf

ò`}ufwlg cgbbo{ofsgli qngbs ae`}efofs wlfj fojlsgb .CH9 ='&

Qngbs Qnl{o8

Be{ùilqg QQ cl}ls cgignls qokljlg ko{gdus8

JH 0 Whs ‑ Whe

0 .Fh $ ]h $ Ch'

Fh 0 Whe .Ws%We' ‑ Whe

.]$C'h 0 Whs ‑ .Ws%We'Whe

0 .Jh ‑ Fh'

]h 0 g T.Wgs%Wge' - .Ws%We'PWgheƧ

Ch 0 s TWghs ‑ .Wgs%Wge'WghePƧ

0 .] $ C'h ‑ ]h

cg `lfl Jh ò{u}ldlf }o{su`kunlf ]C[K sesli zgilwln {ofcln4

Fh ò{u}ldlf de`}efof qnl{o cg zgilwln {ofcln4 .]$C'h ò{u}ldlf

31



de`}efof fos qngbs cg zgilwln {ofcln4 ]h ò{u}ldlf }{e}e{sgefli qngbs

zgilwln {ofcln4 Ch ò{u}ldlf cgbbo{ofsgli qngbs zgilwln {ofcln4 Wh

ò{u}ldlf ]C[K sesli desl zgilwln {ofcln4 W ò{u}ldlf ]C[K sesli

zgilwln sgfjjg4 e)s ò{u}ldlf }o{geco lzli clf }o{geco ldng{ }o{ngsufjlf4

clf G ò{u}ldlf qukqd{g}qg qoase{ .qukqoase{' }lcl ]C[K&

1& _fsud òfjuhg l}ldln lcl }ofjl{un qukodse{ ‑ qukqoase{

}o{odefe`glf qo{sl }esofqg }ofufhlfj }o{su`kunlf odefe`g so{nlcl}

]C[K cg Desl Slfjo{lfj Qoilslf cl}ls òfjjufldlf òseco Sg}eiejg

Qodse{li&

l& Sg}eiejg Qodse{li

Lfligqgq gfg òfjo`klfjdlf nlqgi }o{ngsufjlf gfcodq Iealsgef

\uesgofs .I\6<') de`}efof cgbbo{ofsgli qngbs .Ch6=' clf de`}efof

}{e}e{qgefli qngbs .]h6=' ufsud cgsofsudlf sg}eiejg qodse{li& Sg}eiejg gfg

òfjdilqgbgdlqgdlf qoase{ klqgq clf fef klqgq qo{sl de`}efof

}o{su`kunlf gfso{fli clf odqso{fli& Cofjlf òfjjlkufjdlf gfcodq I\

cofjlf de`}efof Ch clf ]h clil` lfligqgq Qngbs Qnl{o& Sg}eiejg qoase{

so{qokus lcliln qokljlg ko{gdus8

- Sg}eiejg G 8 Qodse{ so{qokus lcliln qoase{ klqgq cofjlf I\ {lsl-{lsl 6<

clf }o{su`kunlf cg zgilwln {ofcln iokgn ao}ls cgklfcgfjdlf zgilwln

sgfjjg .Ch {lsl-{lsl6=' òqdg}uf cg zgilwln sgfjjg }o{su`kunlffwl

ao}ls .]h {lsl-{lsl6='&

- Sg}eiejg GG 8 Qodse{ so{qokus lcliln qoase{ klqgq cofjlf I\ {lsl-{lsl6<

clf }o{su`kunlf cg zgilwln {ofcln iokgn ao}ls cgklfcgfjdlf zgilwln

33



sgfjjg .Ch {lsl-{lsl 6=' dl{ofl cg zgilwln sgfjjg }o{su`kunlffwl

il`kls .]h {lsl-{lsl9='&

- Sg}eiejg GGG 8 Qodse{ so{qokus lcliln qoase{ klqgq cofjlf I\ {lsl-

{lsl6< clf }o{su`kunlf cg zgilwln {ofcln iokgn il`kls cgklfcgfj

cofjlf zgilwln sgfjjg .Ch {lsl-{lsl9=' dl{ofl cg zgilwln sgfjjg

}o{su`kunlffwl so{jeiefj ao}ls .]h {lsl-{lsl6='&

- Sg}eiejg GR 8 Qodse{ so{qokus lcliln qoase{ klqgq cofjlf I\ {lsl-

{lsl6< clf cg zgilwln {ofcln }o{su`kunlffwl iokgn il`kls cgklfcgfj

zgilwln sgfjjg.Ch {lsl-{lsl9=' `oqdg}uf cg zgilwln sgfjjg

}o{su`kunlffwl hujl il`kls.]h {lsl-{lsl9='

- Sg}eiejg R 8 Qodse{ so{qokus lcliln qoase{ fef klqgq cofjlf I\ {lsl-

{lsl9< clf }o{su`kunlf cg zgilwln {ofcln iokgn ao}ls cgklfcgfj

}o{su`kunlf cg zgilwln sgfjjg .Ch {lsl-{lsl6=' }lclnli cg zgilwln

sgfjjg qofcg{g }o{su`kunlffwl hujl ao}ls.]h {lsl-{lsl6='&

- Sg}eiejg RG 8 Qodse{ so{qokus lcliln qoase{ fef klqgq cofjlf I\ {lsl-

{lsl9< clf }o{su`kunlf cg zgilwln {ofcln iokgn ao}ls cgklfcgfj

}o{su`kunlf cg zgilwln sgfjjg.Ch {lsl-{lsl6=' zlilu}uf cg zgilwln

sgfjjg }o{su`kunlffwl il`kls.]h {lsl-{lsl9='&

- Sg}eiejg RGG 8 Qodse{ so{qokus lcliln qoase{ fef klqgq cofjlf I\ {lsl-

{lsl9< clf }o{su`kunlf cg zgilwln {ofcln iokgn il`kls cgklfcgfj

}o{su`kunlf cg zgilwln sgfjjg .Ch {lsl-{lsl9=' dl{ofl cg ]{ergfqg

}o{su`kunlffwl so{jeiefj ao}ls.]h {lsl-{lsl6='&

3?



- Sg}eiejg RGGG 8 Qodse{ so{qokus lcliln qoase{ fef klqgq cofjlf I\

{lsl-{lsl9< clf }o{su`kunlf cg zgilwln {ofcln iokgn il`kls

cgklfcgfj }o{su`kunlf cg zgilwln sgfjjg .Ch {lsl-{lsl9=' òqdg cg

]{ergfqg qofcg{g }o{su`kunlffwl so{jeiefj il`kls.]h {lsl-{lsl9='&

Slkoi 1&< Sg}eiejg Qodse{li

O& Cobgfgqg E}o{lqgefli Rl{glkoi ]ofoigsglf

]lcl kljglf gfg ldlf cgu{lgdlf cobgfgqg cl{g `lqgfj ‑ `lqgfj

rl{glkoi wlfj cgjufldlf& Rl{glkio lcliln ls{gkus cl{g qodoie`}ed e{lfj

lslu eekhod }ofoigsglf wlfj ò`}ufwlg a{gso{gl wlfj ql`l) Qujgwefe

.;==?8;'& ]ofhoilqlf rl{glkoi wlfj so{igkls clil` }ofoigsglf gfg lcliln

qokljlg ko{gdus8

32

Sg}eiejg I\ Ch.Dlku}lsof%Desl ]h.]{ergfqg' Sgfjdls Do}esofqglilf

G Klqgq Ao}ls Ao}ls Gqsgòzl

GG Klqgq Ao}ls Il`kls Klgd Qodlig

GGG Klqgq Il`kls Ao}ls Klgd

GR Klqgq Il`kls Il`kls Iokgn cl{g Audu}R Kudlf

Klqgq

Ao}ls Ao}ls Audu}

RG Kudlf

Klqgq

Ao}ls Il`kls Nl`}g{ Audu}

RGG Kudlf

Klqgq

Il`kls Ao}ls Du{lfj

RGGG Kudlf

Klqgq

Il`kls Il`kls Qlfjls Du{lfj



<& Ilhu }o{su`kunlf odefe g̀ lcliln doflgdlf ]C[K slf}l

ò`lfclfj l}ldln doflgdlf gsu iokgn koql{ lslu iokgn doagi

cl{g }o{su`kunlf }ofcucud) lslu l}ldln }o{uklnlf qs{udsu{

odefe`g ko{ildu lslu sgcld& Ilhu }o{su`kunlf odefe`g cgudu{

cofjlf gfcgalse{ }o{do`klfjlf ]C[K cl{g slnuf do slnuf

wlfj cgfwlsldlf clil` }o{qof }o{ slnuf& Lfligqgq gfg

cgjufldlf ufsud òfjoslnug }o`klfjuflf clo{ln cgignls cl{g

koql{fwl }o{su`kunlf ]C[K qosgl} slnuffwl&

;& Qodse{ odefe g̀ lcliln il}lfjlf uqlnl wlfj so{cl}ls }lcl

]C[K) wlfj òfaldu} 7 .Qo`kgilf' qodse{&

1& ]o{su`kunlf qoase{ odefe g̀ lcliln }o{su`kunlf fgilg kl{lfj

clf hlql cl{g qosgl} qoase{ odefe`g wlfj cgngsufj cl{g lfjdl

]C[K lslq clql{ nl{jl defqslf .LCND' slnuf ;=== clf

cgfwlsldlf clil` }o{qofslqo& ]C[K .LCND' ò{u}ldlf fgilg

}{ecudqg kl{lfj clf hlql ldng{ clil` qulsu du{uf zldsu

so{sofsu e{lfj ‑ e{lfj clf }o{uqlnllf& Cgfl`gdl k{use dl{ofl

ò`lquddlf de`}efof }ofwuquslf& Cgqokus ceòqsga dl{ofl

òfwlfjdus klslq zgilwln& Cgqokus defqslf dl{ofl nl{jl wlfj

cgjufldlf òfjlau }lcl slnuf so{sofsu .slnuf clql{0;==='&

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