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ISKUDORP AYAIB NARAGGNA ISATNEMELPMI

idutS K adap susa airaM atnaS nanunetreP

ogorP noluK ,gnawabilaK ,oroB

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD

imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM

isnatnukA idutS margorP

:helo nususiD

ITAWAYTES IDUP AKI

950411270

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ISNATNUKA IMONOKE SATLUKAF

ATRAKAYGOY

2102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i


idutS K adap susa airaM atnaS nanunetreP

ogorP noluK ,gnawabilaK ,oroB

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD

imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM

isnatnukA idutS margorP

:helo nususiD

ITAWAYTES IDUP AKI

950411270


ISNATNUKA IMONOKE SATLUKAF

ATRAKAYGOY

2102


ii


iii


vi

OTTOM NAMALAH NAHABMESREP NAD

eveileb uoy nehw ,selcarim eb nac erehT

llik ot drah s’ti ,liarf si epoh hguohT

eveihca nac uoy ,selcarim tahw swonk ohW

lliw uoy wohemos ,eveileb uoy nehW

eveileb uoy nehw lliw uoY

) nehpetS ,ztrawhcS ,htenneK ,sdnomdE (

:kutnu nakhabmesrepuK

irtuP habM nad gnukaK habM

iraiteS airetsA ukubI nad .S idA ojikaW ukkapaB

oyhacruN ijuP iwD ukkidA

uktabahas aumes atreS


v


IMONOKE SATLUKAF

ISNATNUKA NASURUJ – ISNATNUKA IDUTS MARGORP

AEK NAATAYNREP ISPIRKS SILUT AYRAK NAILS

:luduj nagned ispirkS awhab nakataynem ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY

adap susaK idutS( ISKUDORP AYAIB NARAGGNA ISATNEMELPMI 2102 iraunaJ 13 laggnat adap ijuid kutnu nakujaid nad )airaM atnaS nanunetreP

lisah halada .ayas ayrak

ispirks malad awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayas ini nagneD libma ayas gnay nial gnaro nasilut naigabes uata nahurulesek tapadret kadit ini lobmis uata tamilak naiakgnar kutneb malad urinem uata ,nilaynem arac nagned

ag nakkujnunem gnay gnay nial silunep irad narikimep uata tapadnep uata nasaghaloes uka ayas - naigab tapadret kadit uata nad iridnes ayas nasilut iagabes halo

nasilut irad libma ayas gnay uata ,urit ,nilas ayas gnay nasilut nahurulesek uataukagnep nakirebmem apnat nial gnaro .aynilsa silunep adap na

,kadit nupuam ajagnes kiab ,sataid tubesret lah nakukalem ayas alibapA lisah iagabes nakuja ayas gnay ispirks kiranem nakataynem ayas ini nagned nakukalem ataynret ayas awhab itkubret naidumek aliB .ini iridnes ayas nasilut

kadnit haloes nial gnaro nasilut urinem uata nilaynem na - ayas narikimep lisah halo ayas latab satisrevinu helo nakirebid halet gnay hasaji nad raleg itrareb ,iridnes

.amiret

0102 rebmeseD 02 ,atrakaygoY

,naataynrep taubmem gnaY

)itawayteS iduP akI(


iv

HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU

: amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY

amaN itawoyteS iduP akI :

awsisahaM kudnI romoN 950411270 :

eD naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep im

:ludujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

atnaS nanunetreP adap susaK idutS( iskudorP ayaiB naraggnA isatnemelpmI

)airaM

D .)ada alib( nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atreseb nakirebmem ayas naikimed nagne

,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsupreP adapek

nalakgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem

uata tenretnI id aynnakisakilbupmem nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad

aidem nupuam ayas irad niji atnimem apnat simedaka naulrepek kutnu nial

ayas adapek itlayor irebmem iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales

.silunep

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD

2102 iraunaJ 13 : laggnat adaP

nakatayneM gnaY

)itawoyteS iduP akI(


iiv

RATNAGNEP ATAK

halet gnay ,asE ahaM gnaY nahuT naridahek naktajnap silunep rukuys ijuP

nakiaseleynem tapad aggnihes silunep adapek ayntamhar alages nakhapmilem

beS naraggnA naanuggneP“ luduj nagned ispirks ayaiB nailadnegneP talA iaga

halas ihunemem kutnu naujutreb ini ispirks nasiluneP .kiab nagned ini ”iskudorP

,isnatnukA idutS margorP adap anajras raleg helorepmem kutnu tarays utas

.atrakaygoY amrahD atnaS satisrevinU imonokE satlukaF

daynem siluneP apnat dujuwret naka kadit ini ispirks nasilunep awhab ira

hisak amiret nakpacugnem silunep uti anerak helO .kahip iagabreb irad nautnab

: adapek

.1 satlukaF nakeD ukales AIQ ,.tkA ,iS .M ,onoyidrapuS .PY .srD kapaB

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU imonokE

.2 srD kapaB auteK ukales AIQ ,.tkA ,iS .M ,anasraK aydiW fesuY .

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU isnatnukA idutS margorP

.3 gnay ispirks gnibmibmep nesod ukales M .M ,otnatsuK idE .srD kapaB

nasilunep amales nagnibmib nad nakusam nakirebmem rabas nagned

nrihka iapmas ispirks .ini ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad ay

.4 gnay gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP nanipmip ukales surteP redurB

.naitilenep sesorp malad silunep utnabmem halet

.5 atad nad nasalejnep nakirebmem halet gnay kotnA sam nad anA kabM

.silunep nakhutubid gnay


iiiv

.6 ,ubI ,kapaB nakirebmem ulales gnay gnukaK habM nad irtuP habM ,kedA

.aod nad tagnames ,nagnukud

.7 namet nad tabahaS - ,hilaG ,aniR ,niloraC ,atiR ,ijuP ,naluW( uknamet

.uknakaodnem nad gnukudnem ulales gnay )yeM ,ereR ,iluY ,aksiS

.8 agnukud nakirebmem halet gnay kahip aumeS gnusgnal araces kiab n

.gnusgnal kadit nupuam

uti anerak helo ,anrupmes irad huaj hisam ini ispirks awhab iradaynem siluneP

.itah gnanes nagned amiret silunep naka nugnabmem gnay naras nad kitirk

.acabmep igab anugreb ini ispirks agomeS

1102 rebmevoN 72 ,atrakaygoY

siluneP

yteS iduP akI o itaw


xi

ISI RATFAD

i.................................................................................................LUDUJ NAMALAH

NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ii......................................................GNIBMIBMEP

iii................................................................................NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH

vi.......................................................NAHABMESREP NAD OTOM NAMALAH

v.................................SILUT AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP NAMALAH

iv...........................HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH

.......................................RATNAGNEP ATAK NAMALAH ............................... iv i

ATFAD NAMALAH .......................................................ISI R xi..............................

...............................................LEBAT RATFAD NAMALAH ............................. ix i

..........................................RABMAG RATFAD NAMALAH vix.............................

..............................................................................KARTSBA x............................... v

................................................................................................TCARTSBA ivx..........

I BAB 1............................................................................NAULUHADNEP

.A 1.............................................................halasaM gnakaleB rataL

.B ..............................................halasaM nasumuR 3........................

.C 3.......................................................................naitileneP naujuT

.D 4.....................................................................naitileneP taafnaM .E ..............................nasiluneP akitametsiS 4...................................

II BAB 6.......................................................................IROET NASADNAL

.A 6....................................................................................naraggnA .1 ...........naraggnA naitregneP 6................................................. .2 7..................................................................naraggnA isgnuF .3 01.........................................................naraggnA nahameleK .4 sineJ - sineJ 11........................................................naraggnA .5 41................naraggnA nanusuyneP sesorP malad isapisitraP

.B 51..............................................................naraggnA nanusuyneP

.C ..............nailadnegneP nad naanacnereP 61.................................. .1 61........................................................................naanacnereP .2 71......................................................................nailadnegneP

.D ...........................................ayaiB 91............................................. .1 91................................................................ayaiB naitregneP .2 02...........................................................ayaiB nagnologgneP


x

.E ...............................iskudorP ayaiB 32..........................................

.F 32...................................................................nalaujneP nalamaR .1 32...........................................nalaujneP nalamaR naitregneP .2 nagnubuH tsaceroF nagned 42...............................nalaujneP .3 edoteM nahilimeP ...............................................tsaceroF 42 .4 kinkeT – kinkeT .............................................gnitsaceroF 52

.G ........................................iskudorP ayaiB naraggnA 13................ .1 13................................iskudorP ayaiB naraggnA naitregneP .2 23..................iskudorP ayaiB naraggnA nanusuyneP naujuT .3 33...................iskudorP ayaiB naraggnA nanusuyneP sesorP

.H nahaB ayaiB naraggnA 43...................................................ukaB .I 73................................gnusgnaL ajreK aganeT ayaiB naraggnA .J ayaiB naraggnA daehrevO 93...........................................kirbaP .K ..................................ebiskelF naraggnA 24l................................

.1 24..........................................lebiskelF naraggnA naitregneP

.2 34......................................lebiskelF naraggnA kitsiretkaraK

.3 44............................lebiskelF naraggnA nanusuyneP naujuT

.4 tarayS 44...............................lebiskelF naraggnA napareneP

.5 54........................................lebiskelF naraggnA nanusuyneP .L 54........................................................................sitatS naraggnA .M ...............hisileS sisilanA 64..........................................................

III BAB 55...............................................................NAITILENEP EDOTEM

.A 55.......................................................................naitileneP kejbO .B nad edoteM 55..................................................naitileneP niaseD .C 55.......................................................ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT .D 65................................................................ataD sisilanA kinkeT

VI BAB U NARABMAG 06.......................................NAAHASUREP MUM

.A 06...................................................................naahasureP harajeS .B 36....................................................................naahasureP isakoL .C ......naahasureP naujuT 36.............................................................. .D 46...............................................................................naladomreP .E 46................................................naahasureP isasinagrO rutkurtS .F ........ailanosreP 07......................................................................... .G 57....................................................................................iskudorP .H ............................................................................narasameP 18.....

V BAB NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA 38

.A 38ataD ispirkseD .1 38.............................................nalaujneP nalamaR taubmeM .2 39...............................................iskudorP anacneR taubmeM .3 ayaiB naraggnA 49...................................................iskudorP .4 301..................................................iskudorP ayaiB isasilaeR


ix

.B 011...............................................nasahabmeP nad ataD sisilanA .1 .............amatreP halasaM sisilanA 011................................... .2 211...................................................audeK halasaM sisilanA

IV BAB 611....................................................................................PUTUNEP

.A ............................nalupmiseK 611................................................

.B 711..........................................................naitileneP nasatabreteK

.C 711.......................................................................................naraS

.........AKATSUP RATFAD 811.................................................................................

NARIPMAL


iix

LEBAT RATFAD

1 lebaT 5002 nuhaT tumileS nalaujneP ataD - 48....................................9002

2 lebaT nalamaR nagnutihreP 48....................................................nalaujneP

3 lebaT 68....................................................tumileS nanaluB nalaujneP ataD

4 lebaT 78........................................0102 nuhaT misuM skednI nagnutihreP

5 lebaT lamaR 39...........................................................tumileS nalaujneP na

6 lebaT 49............................................................ tumileS iskudorP anacneR

7 lebaT .................................tumileS ukaB nahaB nahutubeK naraggnA 59..

8 lebaT 79.................................................ukaB nahaB nailebmeP naraggnA

9 lebaT 89........................iakapiD sibaH gnay ukaB nahaB ayaiB naraggnA

01 lebaT ......................................gnusgnaL ajreK aganeT ayaiB naraggnA 99

11 lebaT ayaiB naraggnA daehrevO 001...........kudorP huruleS kutnu kirbaP

21 lebaT ayaiB firaT nagnutihreP daehrevO 101...................................kirbaP

31 lebaT ayaiB naraggnA fdaehrevO 201.........tumileS kudorP kutnu kirbaP

41 lebaT 301...........................................................tumileS iskudorP isasilaeR

51 lebaT 301............tumileS kudorP kutnu ukaB nahaB nahutubeK isasilaeR

61 lebaT ........................................................ukaB nahaB ayaiB isasilaeR 501

71 lebaT 601......................................gnusgnaL ajreK aganeT ayaiB isasilaeR

81 lebaT ayaiB isasilaeR daehrevO 701.............kudorP huruleS kutnu kirbaP

91 lebaT ayaiB firaT nagnutihreP daehrevO 801...................................kirbaP

02 lebaT ayaiB isasilaeR daehrevO kirbaP 901.............tumileS kudorP kutnu

12 lebaT 111..iskudorP ayaiB naraggnA nanusuyneP rudesorP nagnidnabreP

22 lebaT 211................................ukaB nahaB nailebmeP naanaskaleP hisileS

32 lebaT ameP hisileS 311....................................................ukaB nahaB naiak

42 lebaT 411.........................................gnusgnaL ajreK aganeT ayaiB hisileS

52 lebaT ayaiB hisileS daehrevO 511....................................................kirbaP


iiix

62 lebaT 511......iskudorP ayaiB isasilaeR nad naraggnA hisileS nagnutihreP


vix

RABMAG RATFAD

1 rabmaG 56.....................................................naahasureP isasinagrO rutkurtS

2 rabmaG sesorP 08..............................................................................iskudorP


vx

KARTSBA


)airaM atnaS nanunetreP adap susaK idutS(

itawayteS iduP akI

950411270 : MIN

atanaS satisrevinU amrahD

atrakaygoY

2102

naraggna nanusuynep hakapa iuhategnem kutnu halada ini naitilenep naujuT iuhategnem iuhategnem kutnu aguj nad tapet hadus naahasurep iskudorp ayaib

b nad gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib ,ukab nahab ayaib isasilaer hakapa ayaio ehrev da p adap kirba naahasurep .iladnekret hadus id nakukalid ini naitileneP

,ogorP noluK ,gnawabilaK ,oroB id adareb gnay airaM atnaS nanunetreP.atrakaygoY

hakgnaL – :halada nahalasamrep bawajnem kutnu nakukalid gnay hakgalesorp nakispirksidnem ,amatrep iskudorp ayaib naraggna nanusuynep rud

nagned 0102 nuhat iskudorp ayaib naraggna nakgnidnabmem ,audeK .naahasurep iskudorp ayaib hisiles sisilanagnem ,agiteK .0102 nuhat iskudorp ayaib isasilaer

ini hisileS .iskudorp ayaib isasilaer nagned nakraggnaid gnay idajnem nakadebid ,gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib hisiles ,ukab nahab ayaib hisiles utiay nenopmok agit

ayaib hisiles nad daehrevo akam ,nakgnutnugnem tafisreb hisiles alibapA .kirbapes alibapa nakgnadeS .iladnekret naahasurep iskudorp ayaib nakatakid tapad hisil

%5 isnarelot satab malad adareb hisam numan ,nakgnutnugnem kadit tafisreb.iladnekret nakatakid patet naahasurep iskudorp ayaib akam ,nakpatetid halet gnay

naraggna nanusuynep rudesorp awhab nakkujnunem naka ini naitilenep lisaHy iskudorp ayaib naijak nagned iauses uata tapet hadus naahasurep nakukalid gna

ayaib isasilaer nad iskudorp ayaib naraggna aratna nagnidnabrep lisaH .iroet hisiles tapadret awhab nakkujnunem 0102 nuhat idajret gnay iskudorp

skudorp ayaib nenopmok agitek adap nakgnutnugnem ,ukab nahab ayaib utiay ,i ayaib nad gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib daehrevo lisah irad aggniheS .kirbap

nanunetreP adap iskudorp ayaib awhab nakatakid tapad tubesret nagnutihrep.iladnekret 0102 nuhat airaM atnaS


ivx

TCARTSBA

NOITCUDORP FO NOITATNEMELPMI NA TEGDUB TSOC

)airaM atnaS fo gniwaew eht ta yduts esac A(

itawoyteS iduP akI

950411270 :MIN

ytisrevinU amrahD atanaS

atrakaygoY

2102

tegdub tsoc noitcudorp eht rehtehw wonk ot erew hcraeser siht fo sesoprup ehTaerla saw esirpretne eht fo tnemegnarra rehtehw wonk ot osla dna etairporppa yd

fo tsoc daehrevo eht dna tsoc ruobal tcerid eht ,tsoc lairetam war fo noitazilaer eht eht fo tuo deirrac erew hcraeser ehT .lortnoc ni ydaerla erew esirpretne eht

orP noluK ,gnawabilaK ,oroB ni airaM atnaS fo gniwaew .atrakaygoY ,og

erudecorp eht gnibircsed yb yltsrif :erew melborp eht rewsna ot enod spets ehT eht gnirapmoc yb yldnoceS .tnemegnarra tegdub tsoc noitcudorp s’ynapmoc fo yb ,yldrihT .0102 ni noitazilaer sti dna 0102 ni tsoc noitcudorp fo tegdub

sylana .noitazilaer sti dna tegdub tsoc noitcudorp eht neewteb ecnereffid eht gni war fo ecnereffid yleman stnenopmoc eerht otni deifissalc saw ecnereffid ehT .ecnereffid tsoc daehrevo eht dna tsoc ruobal tcerid fo ecnereffid eht ,tsoc lairetam

ecnereffid eht fI ni saw tsoc noitcudorp s’ynapmoc eht neht ,elbaruovaf saw denimretederp eht ni llits saw ti tub elbaruovafnu saw ecnereffid eht fI .lortnoc

.lortnoc ni llits saw tsoc noitcudorp s’ynapmoc eht neht ,% 5 fo level ecnarelot

liw hcraeser eht fo tluser ehT eht gnignarra fo erudecorp eht rehtehw wohs l ehT .yroet eht htiw elbatius ydaerla saw esirpretne yb enod tegdub tsoc noitcudorp 0102 ni noitazilaer sti dna tsoc noitcudorp fo tegdub eht neewteb ecnereffid

eht ni ecnereffid elbaruovaf saw ereht taht dewohs eht yleman ,stnenopmoc eerht tluser eht morf ,eroferehT .stsoc daehrevo eht dna ruobal tcerid eht ,lairetam war atnaS fo gniwaew eht ta tsoc noitcudorp eht taht dias eb dluoc ti ,noitaluclac fo

.lortnoc ni ydaerla saw 0102 ni airaM


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

nagniasrep nakaynabek adap nakpadahid ini taas ainud nagnabmekreP

nagnukgnil naitsapkaditek utaus aynlubmit nakbabeynem tapad gnay

sesorp malad natilusek naklubminem naka aynrihka adap gnay sinsib

naanacnerep naka aynutnet tubesret laH .nemejanam nailadnegnep nad

nad fitaerk hibel kutnu nemejanam kahip irad naitahrep tutnunem hibel

hibel gnay hara ek naahasurep naped asam nakanacnerem malad fitavoni

.sinsib ainud malad nagniasrep nakgnanemem imed kiab

moK .naraggna halada naahasurep naanacnerep malad gnitnep nenop

tinu utaus naped asam kutnu nagnauek naanacnerep nakapurem naraggnA

lah aud nakapurem nailadnegnep nad naanacnerep ini lah malaD .ahasu

lem itrareb inisid naanacnereP .nakhasipret tapad kadit gnay asam ek tahi

nakadnit nakutnenem surah naahasurep anamid ,naped - gnay apa nakadnit

iapacid nigni gnay utnetret naujut nakisasilaerem kutnu nakukalid surah

anamid ,gnakaleb ek tahilem nailadnegnep nakgnadeS .naahasurep

alet gnay apa ialinem surah naahasurep nad naklisahid h

.nususid halet gnay anacner nagned aynnakgnidnabmem

nemejanam igab utnab tala utas halas nakapurem naahasurep naraggnA

hakgnal nakanacnerem kutnu naahasurep utaus - igetarts nupuam hakgnal -


2

rep nakajibek nakutnenem atres gnitnep igetarts naped asamid naahasu

utas halas nakapurem naahasurep utaus naraggnA .utnetret edoirep malad

helo libmaid naka gnay nasutupek nakanacnerem malad gnitnep kepsa

uata naurilekek idajret alibapA .naahasurep utaus nemejanam

uata nakanacnerem malad natapetkaditek akam ,naraggna nakanaskalem

.tubesret naahasurep igab kurub tabikareb tapad ini lah

aratna isaisogen sesorp nakapurem naraggna nanusuynep sesorP

naka tubesret isaisogen sesorp iraD .aynnasata nagned tasup rejanam

halet gnay naraggna utaus naklisahid gnay naraggnA .nasata helo iujutesid

helorepid tapad nakparahid gnay natapadnep isireb tubesret iujutesid halet

.huruleynem araces naahasurep naujut nad naraggna edoirep utaus malad

:kutnu naujut nagned naraggna nakhutubmem naahasurep utauS

.1 mag nakirebmeM .naahasurep utaus nakparahid gnay lisah narab

.2 naigab alapek nad fitukeske igab namodep nakapurem naraggnA

nataigek ianegnem - iapacnem kutnu nakanaskalid naka gnay nataigek

.naahasurep naujut

.3 malad naahasurep nalisahrebek ruku tala utaus nakapurem naraggnA

m nagned iuhatekid tapad ini laH .aynahasu naknalajne

.aynisasilaer nagned nususid gnay naraggna aratna nakgnidnabmem

gnay nailadnegnep tala iagabes utiay naraggna irad taafnam utas halaS

aknalajnem bawajgnuggnatreb gnay rejanam igab nagnagep nakapurem n

nigni gnay lisah nad isatserp sata naialinep nakadagnem kutnu nataigek

akam kiab nagned isasilaeret tapad naraggna naujut ragA .iapacid


3

aynkiabes naahasurep malad kepsa aumes adap nataigek naanaskalep

ahret lairetam araces iuapmalem kadit raga nakahasuid .naraggna pad

hisiles akam ,hisiles tapadret aynisasilaer nagned naraggna aratna alibapA

silanaid surah tubesret .aynbabeynep iuhatekid kutnu si

.B halasaM nasumuR

gnay arac utas halas nakapurem naraggna ,naahasurep utaus malaD

apa ialinem kutnu nakanugid nagned iauses hadus naahasurep ajrenik hak

gnay irad gnecnelem urtsuj uata aynmulebes nakanacnerid gnay

naka gnay halasam nasumur akam ,tubesret nasala aneraK .nakanacnerid

:halada ini nasilunep malad sahabid

.1 udorp ayaib naraggna nanusuynep rudesorp hakapA adap isk

aS nanunetreP 0102 nuhat airaM atn iroet naijak nagned iauses hadus ?

.2 0102 nuhat airaM atnaS nanunetreP adap iskudorp ayaib hakapA

?iladnekret hadus

.C naitileneP naujuT

.1 adap iskudorp ayaib naraggna nanusuynep hakapa iuhategnem kutnU

aS nanunetreP M atn iroet naijak nagned iauses hadus 0102 nuhat aira .

.2 aganeT ayaiB ,ukaB nahaB ayaiB isasilaer hakapa iuhategnem kutnU

ayaiB nad gnusgnaL ajreK daehrevO atnaS nanunetreP adap kirbaP

.iladnekret hadus 0102 nuhat airaM


4

.D naitileneP taafnaM

.1 naahasurep igaB

naraggna isaulavegnem kutnu naahasurep igab nakusam idajneM

naujut kutnu naitilenep lisah nakanuggnem nagned naahasurep

sativitka malad amaturet naahasurep naraggna isneisife naktakgninem

.nailadnegnep nad naanacnerep

.2 amrahD atanaS satisrevinU igaB

aH nad nauhategnep habmanem tapad nakparahid naitilenep lis

kahip igab nasawaw - awsisaham amaturet nakhutubmem gnay kahip

id naakatsupek isnerefer habmanem tapad atres amrahD atanaS

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsuprep

.3 siluneP igaB

renem anaras iagabeS nauhategnep nakgnabmegnem nad nakpa

.aynhuggnuses gnay ketkarp malad helorepid gnay

.E nasiluneP akitametsiS

I BAB NAULUHADNEP

,halasam gnakaleb ratal gnatnet nakiaruid ini bab malaD

taafnam ,naitilenep naujut ,halasam nasatab ,halasam nasumur

,naitilenep .nasilunep akitametsis nad

II BAB IROET NASADNAL

rasad iagabes akatsup lisah irad sitiroet naiaru isireb ini baB

.naitilenep irad helorepid gnay atad nahalognep malad


5

III BAB EDOTEM NAITILENEP

kejbo ,naitilenep kejbus ,naitilenep sinej gnatnet isireb ini baB

nalupmugnep kinket ,naitilenep utkaw nad tapmet ,naitilenep

.atad sisilana kinket atres atad

VI BAB NAAHASUREP MUMU NARABMAG

mumu narabmag gnatnet nakiaruid naka ini bab adaP

ad naahasurep .naahasurep nagnabmekrep n

V BAB NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA

,nalaujnep nalamar gnatnet nakiaruid naka ini bab adaP

naraggna ,ukab nahab ayaib naraggna ,iskudorp ayaib naraggna

ayaib naraggna ,gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib daehrevo ,kirbap

yaib nanusuynep .iskudorp ayaib nailadnegnep nad iskudorp a

IV BAB NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK

naka ini bab akam ,nasahabmep nad sisilana nakrasadreB

igab taafnamreb nikgnum gnay naras nad nalupmisek taumem

.naahasurep


6

II BAB

IROET NASADNAL

.A naraggnA

.1 naraggnA naitregneP

aynnaahasurep sativitka nakparahgnem aynutnet naahasurep utauS

gnay lisah irebmem tapad aggnihes neisife nad fitkefe nagned nalajreb

naahasurep ,neisife nad fitkefe araces nalajreb tapad ragA .lamiskam

utas halaS .naanacnerep utaus nusuynem aynkiabes kutneb

.naraggna halada naahasurep malad naanacnerep ikilimem naraggnA

ini tukireB .imonoke ilha iagabreb irad magar akenareb gnay isinifed

:naraggna ianegnem isinifed iagabreb

anacner utaus nakapurem naraggnA ”,)884:5002( idayluM turuneM

d gnay ajrek nautas malad rukuid gnay fitatitnauk araces nakatayni

utkaw akgnaj pukacnem gnay nial ruku nautas nad radnats retenom

.”nuhat utas

gnay anacner utaus halada naraggnA ”,)1:7002( radnanuM turuneM

nataigek hurules itupilem gnay ,sitametsis araces nususid ,naahasurep

ukalreb nad ,)retenom tinu( nagnauek nautas malad nakataynid gnay

.”gnatad naka gnay utnetret utkaw akgnaj kutnu


7

”,)22:7002( iniraggnA nad ortupasidA turunem nakgnadeS

malad nakataynid gnay anacner utaus iagabes nakitraid naraggnA

nautas .”radnats retenom

.2 naraggnA isgnuF

nakanacnerem malad naraggna nakhutubmem naahasurep paiteS

isgnuf aparebeb iaynupmem naahasurep naraggnA .aynahasu nataigek

:irad iridret nial aratna gnay

.a naanacnerep isgnuF

isgnuf utas halas nakapurem naanacnereP nad nemejanam

isgnuf naanaskalep rasad nakapurem ini isgnuf - nemejanam isgnuf

nanipmip ,aynisarepo nakukalem naahasurep mulebeS .aynnial

nataigek naksumurem uluhad hibel surah naahasurep - apa nataigek

gnatad naka gnay asamid nakanaskalid naka gnay lisah nad apa

nataigek irad iapacid naka gnay - anamiagab atres ,tubesret nataigek

.aynnakanaskalem nagneD sativitka akam ,tubesret anacner aynada

.kiab nagned anaskalret tapad naka

.b nailadnegnep isgnuF

,nailadnegnep tala iagabes alup isgnufreb tapad naraggnA

amid nad rukugnem kutnu anugreb iskudorp naraggna an

nakukalid naidumeK .iskudorp lautka ajrenik isaulavegnem

nakukalid tubesret laH .nakulrepid alibapa nakiabrep nakadnit

,narasas iapacnem tapad naahasurep awhab nimajnem kutnu

ay radnats nad ,nakajibek ,naujut .neisife araces nakpatetid halet gn


8

,ayaib nailadnegnep itupilem iskudorp nailadnegnep metsiS

.lairejanam satitnauk nad satilauk

:itupilem iskudorp nailadnegnep malad kokop rudesorP

)1 nahab nailadnegneP

)2 bawajgnuggnat tasup turunem iskudorp sesorp sisilanA malad

iskudorp isivid

)3 iskudorp etuR

)4 iskudorp nalawdajneP

)5 iskudorp lisah namirigneP

)6 tujnal kadniT

.c isanidrook isgnuF

iagabes isgnufreb tapad kiab nagned nususid gnay naraggnA

iujutesid halet gnay iskudorp naraggnA .naisanidrookgnep tala

gabes taafnamreb naka gnay iskudorp kudni naraggna ia

namodep idajnem ini laH .iskudorp nemetraped helo nakanaskalid

gnay icnir nad lautka gnay nalawdajnep nad naanacnerep igab

irahes iskudorp nemetraped helo nakanaskalid - isgnuf iagabeS .irah

iskudorp naraggna ,isanidrook anamid ajrek akgnarek idajnem

aratna isanidrooK .nakraulekid ukalreb gnay iskudorp hatnirep

iskudorp nahutubek nad naaidesrep nakajibek ,nalaujnep naraggna

.iskudorp naraggna malad naksutupid nad naitahrep idajnem


9

isgnuf ,)01:7002( radnanuM turuneM irad kokop naanugek nad

:tukireb iagabes halada naraggna

.a ajrek namodep iagabeS

nad hara nakirebmem tapad ajrek namodep iagabes naraggnA

arap helo iapacid surah gnay tegrat atres sagut nakirebmem aguj

tad naka gnay utnetret utkaw akgnaj malad nawayrak .gna

.b ajrek isanidrook tala iagabeS

malad nemejanam tala iagabes isgnufreb naraggnA

laH .naahasurep malad naigab hurules ajrek nakisanidrookgnem

gnilas tapad naahasurep malad naigab aumes raga nakduskamid ini

araces amasajrekeb gnilas nad gnajnunem akgnar malad sigrenis

naikimed nagneD .nakpatetid halet gnay naujut nakdujuwem

.nimajret hibel idajnem naahasurep aynnalaj naracnalek

.c isaulave tala iagabeS

naraggna anamid ,ruku kolot utaus nakapurem naraggnA

m kutnu gnidnabmep tala iagabes nakanugid )isaulave( ialine

itrareb inI .gnatad naka gnay asamid naahasurep nataigek isasilaer

arap ajrenik ialinem kutnu tala iagabes isgnufreb naraggna awhab

halet gnay nabijawek nad sagut naknalajnem malad nawayrak

a nakgnidnabmem nagneD .akerem adapek naknabebid apa aratn

iapacid halet gnay apa nagned naraggna malad gnautret halet gnay

halet naahasurep hakapa ialinid tapad akam ,nawayrak arap helo

.neisife gnaruk uata neisife araces ajrekeb


01

.3 naraggnA nahameleK

81:7891( onoyirpuS turuneM - aparebeb ikilimem naraggna ,)91

:tukireb iagabes nahamelek

.a nataigek sata iskeyorp uata isamitse adap nakrasadid naraggnA

tagnas isamitse irad natapetek aggnihes ,gnatad naka gnay

ad naupmamek nad namalagnep adapek gnutnagret .rotamitse ir

iakapid tapad kadit naraggna akam ,tapet kadit naraggna alibapA

.kiab gnay nasawagnep nad ,isanidrook ,naanacnerep tala iagabes

.b nahaburep nagned nakiausesid ulales surah naahasurep naraggnA

nariskaT .ismusa nad isidnok - naraggna malad nariskat helorepid

,isamrofni nad atad ,rotkaf iagabreb nakgnabmitrepmem nagned

.iladnekret kadit gnay nupuam iladnekret tafisreb gnay kiab

isamrofni nad atad ,rotkaf padahret nahaburep idajret akij aggniheS

natarukaek adap huragnepreb naka ini lah akam ,tubesret lisah

.natukgnasreb gnay nariskat

.c aumes alibapa nemejanam helo nakanugid tapad aynah naraggnA

rejanam amaturet ,kahip - araces isanidrookret ,naahasurep rejanam

gnay naujut ayniapacret sata bawajgnuggnatreb nad surenem suret

.naraggna malad nakutnetid halet

.d awhab iradaynem surah naahasurep malad id kahip aumeS

ipatet naka ,nemejanam utnabmem kutnu tala nakapurem naraggna

nad nemejanam isgnuf nakitnaggnem tapad kadit ”tnemgduj“


11

nad nauhategnep rasad sata nakulrepid hisam nemejanam

.aynnamalagnep

unem nakgnadeS nahamelek agit ada ,)71:7002( radnanuM tur

:utiay naraggna

.a nariskat nakrasadreb nususid naraggna utauS - nupikseM .nariskat

kutnu tilus ipatet naka ,tamrec araces nakukalid aynnariskanep

raneb gnay nariskat lisah naktapadnem - kadit nad taruka raneb

ed adebreb .itnan aynnaataynek nagn

.b akam ,rotkaf aparebeb nagnabmitrep irad lasareb naraggna aneraK

rotkaf adap nahaburep ada alibapa - naka tubesret rotkaf

taubid halet gnay naraggna irad natarukaek padahret huragnepreb

.aynmulebes

.c ep isasilaer aynkadit uata lisahreB naraggna haubes naanaskal

kahip adap gnutnagret - naraggnA .aynnakanaskalem gnay kahip

kiab nagned nakisasilaerid asib naka kadit anrupmes nad kiab gnay

atres nalipmartek iaynupmem kadit aynanaskalep arap alibapa

.iadamem gnay naupmamek

.4 sineJ - naraggnA sineJ

turuneM mihS 65:1002( - aratna gnay naraggna sinej aparebeb ada ,)26

:tukireb iagabes nial

.a nalaujnep naraggnA

nagned halada kudni naraggna nataubmep malad lawa hakgnaL

emulov nakanerakid ini laH .nalaujnep naraggna taubmem


21

pmem isamitseid gnay nalaujnep meti aumes ripmah ihuragne - meti

surah nalaujnep naraggnA .kudni naraggna malad aynnial

.aynialin nupuam halmuj malad nalaujnep latot nakkujnunem

.b iskudorp naraggnA

anacner gnatnet naataynrep nakapurem iskudorp naraggnA

tuptuo raggnA .kudorp nakrasadreb nakataynid aynasaib ini na

.iskudorp tinu nautas malad

.c gnusgnal nahab naraggnA

ayntujnales hakgnal akam ,gnutihid iskudorp takgnit haleteS

isgnufreb ini naraggnA .gnusgnal nahab naraggna taubmem halada

nakanugid naka gnay nahab kaynab aparebes nakkujnunem kutnu

.iskudorp sesorp malad

.d gnusgnal ajrek aganet naraggnA

nahutubeK nagned gnutihid tapad gnusgnal ajrek aganet

edoirep paites nakparahid gnay iskudorp emulov nakilagnem

kutnu nakulrepid gnay gnusgnal ajrek aganet maj halmuj nagned

ajrek aganet maj halmuj naidumeK .kudorp tinu utas iskudorpmem

utnu nakanugid gnay gnusgnal iskudorp nataraysrep ihunemem k

kutnu maj rep gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib nagned nakilakid

aib latot naktapadnem raggnaid gnay gnusgnal ajrek ay .nak


31

.e naraggnA daehrevo kirbap

naraggnA daehrevo ayaib hurules nakapurem kirbap

ab ayaib niales rutkafunam ajrek aganet ayaib nad gnusgnal nah

.gnusgnal

.f rihka naaidesrep naraggnA

kutnu isgnufreb naknigniid gnay rihka naaidesrep naraggnA

naropal taubmem kutnu nakulrepid gnay isamrofni nakirebmem

.nakraggnaid gnay nagnauek

.g inimda nad nalaujnep ayaib naraggnA isarts

ayaib halmuj isireb isartsinimda nad nalaujnep ayaib naraggnA

alolegnem malad nad kudorp nalaujnep malad tabilret gnay isarepo

.sinsib

.h sak naraggnA

nad naanacnerep naujut kutnu taubid sak naraggnA

krep taumem ini naraggnA .sak nailadnegnep kusam sak sura naari

utnabmem tapad nad utnetret utkaw edoirep amales raulek nad

nagned iauses raga sak odlas naknahatrepmem malad nemejanam

.aynnahutubek

.i nakraggnaid gnay igur abal naropaL

nasakgnir naknimrecnem nakraggnaid gnay igur abal naropaL

orp amales ayaib nad natapadnep nenopmok iagabreb irad iskey

.naraggna edoirep


41

.j nakraggnaid gnay acareN

ilak amatrep nagned nakgnabmekid nakraggnaid gnay acareN

nad rihkareb urab gnay nuhat kutnu acaren taubmem

tka aumes nakanuggnem nagned aynnakiauseynem gnay sativi

.naraggnagnep edoirep amales idajret nakarikrepid

.5 naraggnA nanusuyneP sesorP malad isapisitraP

.a nwoD poT )hawaB ek satA(

iridnes nakpatetid nad nususid naraggna ,ini natakednep nagneD

ata irad naraggna nanusuynep nagneD .roines rejanam helo ek s

gnay takgnit igab naraggna nakpatenem roines rejanam ,hawab

ini natakednep anerek lisahreb gnaraj ini natakedneP .hadner hibel

imok ayngnaruk adapek haragnem naraggna taubmep isis irad nemt

.tubesret anacner nalisahrebek nakayahabmem ini lah nad

.b mottoB pU )satA ek hawaB(

hadner hibel gnay takgnitid rejanam ,ini natakednep nagneD

nanusuyneP .naraggna aynraseb nakutnenem malad isapisitrapreb

nemtimok nakatpicnem naka raseb nanikgnumek ini naraggna

kadit akij ipatet nakA .naraggna naujut iapacnem kutnu

agned nakiladnekid itah n - naklisahgnem tapad ini natakednep ,itah

irad nahurulesek naujut nagned iauses kadit gnay halmuj

.naahasurep


51

.B naraggnA nanusuyneP

naraggna nusuynem bawajgnuggnatreb nad gnanewreb gnay kahiP

mip ,ipatet nakA .naahasurep iggnitret nanipmip halada iggnitret nanip

malad nial naigab adapek aynnakisagelednem tapad naahasurep

aynlicek raseb nad isasinagro rutkurts nagned iauses naahasurep

tapad naahasurep malad naraggna nusuynem saguT .naahasurep

:adapek nakisageledid

.1 isartsinimdA naigaB

surep igaB naraggna nanusuynep sagut ,licek alaks malad naaha

gnay naahasurep irad ajas naigab utas halas adapek nakharesid tapad

naigab hurules fitka araces naktabilem ulrep kadit nad natukgnasreb -

malad kujnutid isartsinimda naigaB .naahasurep malad nial naigab

ynem naigabid awhab nagnabmitrep nagned naraggna nusu

itupilem gnay isamrofni nad atad aumes lupmukret halini isartsinimda

,narasamep gnadib malad nataigek kiab ,naahasurep nataigek hurules

gnadib malad nupuam ,naajnalebmep uata nagnauek ,iskudorp

s naalolegnep .aisunam ayad rebmu

.2 naraggnA aitinaP

kadit isartsinimda naigab ,raseb alaks malad naahasurep kutnU

fitka araces isapisitrap apnat naraggna nusuynem tapad igal nikgnum

naigab irad - anerak nakbabesid ini laH .naahasurep malad nial naigab

nataigek - ataigek ,magar akenareb ,skelpmok pukuc raseb naahasurep n

sagut ,uti anerak helO .saul gnay pukgnil gnaur nagned ,timur


61

ilikawem gnay rusnu aumes naktabilem surah naraggna nusuynem

malad gnubagret gnay ,naahasurep malad ada gnay naigab aumes

aiB .naraggnA aitinaP nas tekid naraggnA nusuyneP miT ay ua helo i

atoggna nagned naahasurep nanipmip gnaroes - ilikawem gnay atoggna

naigab ,nagnauek naigab ,iskudorp naigab ,narasamep naigab

.aisunam ayad rebmus naalolegnep naigab nad ,isartsinimda

irad ialumid naraggna nanusuyneP ,nalaujnep nalamar taubmem

aganet ayaib naraggna ,ukab nahab ayaib naraggna ,iskudorp naraggna

ayaib naraggna nad gnusgnal ajrek daehrevo .kirbap

.C nailadnegneP nad naanacnereP

.1 naanacnereP

araces nalajreb tapad naahasurep malad iskudorp sesorp ayapuS

nakukalem kutnu gnitnep haltagnas akam ,neisife nad fitkefe

malad naahasurep utnabmem tagnas naka naanacnereP .naanacnerep

.naahasurep malad gnusgnalreb gnay nataigek paites nakiladnegnem

naanacnereP ”,)5:7891( onoyirpuS turunem naanacnerep isinifeD

nigni gnay naahasurep naujut irad )nasumurep( isakifiseps halada

arac nautnenep atres iapacid - iapacnem kutnu hupmetid naka gnay arac

.”tubesret naujut

irpuS turunem naanacnerep isinifeD naanacnereP ”,)4:1002( otnay

( gninnalp naujut nanusuynep sesorp halada ) - nad naahasurep naujut

nakadnit nahilimep - iapacnem kutnu nakukalid naka gnay nakadnit

naujut - .”nakpatetid halet gnay naujut


71

nA nad ortupasidA turunem naanacnerep isinifed nakgnadeS iniragg

isasinagro naujut nakpatenem nataigek itrareb naanacnereP ”,)5:7002(

.”tubesret naujut iapacnem kutnu kiabret gnay arac hilimem nad

.2 nailadnegneP

sativitka malad gnitnep nanarep gnagemem nailadnegneP

nakukalid nailadnegneP .naahasurep nemejanam surenem suret araces

fitkefe gnay naahasurep sativitka naanaskalep awhab nimajnem kutnu

gnay naahasurep naujut ayniapacret nakdujuwem tapad neisife nad

halada )6:6002( retraC turunem nailadnegnep isinifeD .nakpatetid halet

:tukireb iagabes

a nailadnegneP“ iapacnem kutnu nemejanam sitametsis ahasu haladsativitkA .naujut - suret rotinomid sativitka - kutnu surenem

.naknigniid gnay nasatab adap adareb aynlisah awhab nakitsamem nad ,anacner nagned nakgnidnabid sativitka paites kutnu lautka lisaH

naadebrep ada akij tapad nakiabrep nakadnit ,nakifingis gnay.”nakukalid

nailadnegneP ”,)5:1002( otnayirpuS turunem nailadnegnep isinifeD

neisife gnay ajrek naanaskalep awhab nimajnem kutnu sesorp halada

.”nakpatetid halet gnay naahasurep naujut iapacnem tapad naka

iniraggnA nad ortupasidA turunem nailadnegnep isinifeD

isaulavegnem nad rukugnem sesorp halada nailadnegneP ”,)6:7002(

,naahasurep utaus isasinagro naigab paites irad lautka ajrenik

.”nakulrepid alibapa nakiabrep nakadnit nakanaskalem naidumek

eP gnay nemejanam isgnuf utas halas nakapurem nailadnegn

gnay naahasurep naujut naiapacnep malad gnitnep nanarep ikilimem


81

utaus iagabes narepreb ini isgnuF .naanacnerep malad nakpatetid

nalajreb isasinagro malad id aynutauses alages awhab naitsamep

ned iauses nailadnegneP .aynmulebes nakanacnerid halet gnay apa nag

naanacnerep irad nakhasipret tapad kadit gnay utauses nakapurem

nagned igniriid apnat aynitra ada naka kadit naanacnerep anerak

naka kadit nailadnegnep ,aynkilabes aguj utigeb nad nailadnegnep

hanrep nailadnegnep idaJ .naanacnerep aynada apnat nakukalid tapad

malad id nakukalid surah gnamem gnay sativitka nakapurem

gnay utkaw akgnaj naktabilem hibel kigetarts nemejanaM .nemejanam

raseb hibel gnay ayad rebmus ,saul gnay ajrek pukgnil gnaur ,gnajnap

nad aggnihes ,naahasurep/isasinagro pudih nagnusgnalek tukgnaynem

idajret akij raseb hibel naka nemejanam gnuggnatid naka gnay okiser

.aynnaanaskalep nad anacner aratna naiauseskaditek

aynsurahes gnay apa iuhategnem nagned ilawaid nailadnegneP

ukuid naka naknigniid gnay naujut nagned iauses ini aynutnet nad ,r

nakutnetid ilabmek rukuid gnay naruku paites adaP .naahasurep

adap nakutnetid halet gnay itrepes naknigniid gnay naiapacnep radnats

nakgnidnabid naka akam ,nakukalid narukugnep haleteS .lawa naujut

d aud ipadahgnem naka nemejanam aggnihes ini radnats nagne

et utiay nanikgnumek r akam kadit akiJ .kadit uata naiausesek ayntapad

tagnas tubesret naiauseskaditek hakapa ialinem ulrep nemejanam

gnay utauses nakapurem tubesret lah akiJ .kadit uata nakifingis

gis haleteS .fitkerok nakadnit utaus nakukalid ulrep akam ,nakifin


91

nad igal narukugnep nakukalid akam ,iskerok nakadnit nakukalid

,nial atak nagneD .radnats nagned ilabmek nakgnidnabid naidumek

:utiay sativitka aparebeb naktabilem aynkadites nailadnegnep

.a neneM .rukuid naka gnay apa nakut

.b .aynmulebes nakutnetid halet gnay radnats nakpateneM

.c .ajrenik narukugneP

.d .radnats nagned narukugnep lisah nakgnidnabmeM

.e .iskerok nakadnit nakukaleM

.D ayaiB

.1 ayaiB naitregneP

tnuka malad gnitnepret pesnok nakapurem ayaib pesnoK isna

isamrofni helorepmem naujut nupadA .ayaib isnatnuka nad nemejanam

nad nailadnegnep ,naanacnerep sesorp kutnu nakanugid ayaib

helo nakukalid gnay sativitka raseb naigabeS .nasutupek nataubmep

mitpo abal naklisahgnem kutnU .ayaib naklisahgnem naahasurep ,la

ayaib ,uti babes helO .ayaib nakenem nagned halada aynarac utas halas

,nakitahrepid kutnu gnitnep gnilap gnay utas halas halada

.naahasurep helo nakiladnekid nad nakanacnerid

saul itra malad ayaiB ”,)8:0002( idayluM turunem ayaib isinifeD

p halada ,gnau nautas malad rukuid gnay ,imonoke rebmus nanabrogne

naujut kutnu idajret nanikgnumek gnay uata idajret halet gnay

.”utnetret


02

agrah halada ayaiB ”,)61:0002( onoyirpuS turunem ayaib isinifeD

akgnar malad nakanugid uata naknabrokid gnay nahelorep

m uata nalisahgnep helorepme eunever iagabes iakapid naka gnay

.”nalisahgnep gnarugnep

narila halada ayaiB ”,)37:2002( onojdrawuS turunem ayaib isinifeD

gnay asaj uata kudorp adap takelem gnay tesa uata ayad rebmus raulek

ok adapek naahasurep nakharesid naklubminem akgnar malad nemusn

.”natapadnep

.2 ayaiB nagnologgneP

.a :ayaiB tasuP uata kejbO nakrasadreB ayaiB nagnologgneP

)1 ( gnusgnaL ayaiB tsoC tceriD )

tapad ayntaafnam gnay ayaib utiay gnusgnal ayaiB

.utnetret ayaib tasup uata keybo adapek isakifitnediid

)2 ( gnusgnaL kadiT ayaiB tsoC tceridnI )

kadit ayntaafnam gnay ayaib utiay gnusgnal kadit ayaiB

uata ,utnetret ayaib tasup uata keybo adap isakifitnediid tapad

uata keybo aparebeb helo itamkinid ayntaafnam gnay ayaib

.ayaib tasup

.b runeM ayaiB nagnologgneP nahabureP nagned aynnagnubuH tu

:tuptuO

)1 pateT ayaiB

gnay ayaib halada patet ayaib nagned duskamid gnaY

aynlicek raseb adap gnutnagret kadit nad patet aynhalmuj


12

malad aynraseb habureb kadit ini ayaiB .nataigek emulov

iskudorp emulov nahaburep narasik aynah patet ayaiB .utnetret

nad naraggna edoirep nagned aynnatiak malad patet tafisreb

( naveler rasik egnar tnaveler tapad patet ayaiB .utnetret )

aynnial naraggna nuhat ek utnetret naraggna nuhat irad habureb

ta ayaib firat malad nahaburep tapadret alibapa nahaburep ua

.nemejanam nakajibek

)2 lebairaV ayaiB

habureb aynlatot gnay ayaib halada lebairav ayaiB - habu

ipatet ,nataigek emulov nahaburep nagned lanoisroporp araces

.patet ayntinu rep ayaib kutnu

)3 lebairaV imeS ayaiB

g ikilimem lebairav imes ayaiB ayaib irad tafis nagnuba

kusamret kadit ini ayaib aggnihes lebairav ayaib nupuam patet

.lebairav ayaib nupuam patet ayaib ayaib iagabes

.c :naahasureP malad kokoP isgnuF turuneM ayaiB nagnologgneP

)1 iskudorP ayaiB

ayaib nakapurem iskudorp ayaiB - gnay ayaib kutnu idajret

.laujid kutnu pais gnay kudorp idajnem ukab nahab halognem

ayaib raseb sirag araces ,aynnaraulegnep keybo turuneM

aganet ayaib ,ukab nahab ayaib idajnem igabid ini iskudorp

ayaib nad ,gnusgnal ajrek daehrevo .kirbap


22

)2 narasameP ayaiB

aiB ayaib nakapurem narasamep ay - idajret gnay ayaib

.kudorp utaus narasamep nataigek nakanaskalem amales

)3 mumU nad isartsinimdA ayaiB

ayaib nakapurem mumu nad isartsinimda ayaiB - kutnu ayaib

utaus narasamep nad iskudorp nataigek isanidrookgnem

.kudorp

.d gneP :narauleK nagned aynnagnubuH nakrasadreB ayaiB nagnolog

)1 ayaiB dereenignE

ayaiB dereenigne ( ayaib naigab uata nemele halada tupni )

nagned tisilpske gnay gnusgnal nagnubuh iaynupmem gnay

( naraulek tuptuo .)

)2 ayaiB yranoitercsiD

ayaiB yranoitercsid ( ayaib aumes halada tupni kadit gnay )

( naraulek nagned taruka gnay nagnubuh iaynupmem tuptuo .)

)3 ayaiB dettimmoC

ayaiB dettimmoc malad idajret gnay ayaib aumes halada

naupmamek uata satisapak naknahatrepmem kutnu akgnar

kudorp nataigek malad isasinagro nad narasamep ,is

.isartsinimda


32

.E iskudorP ayaiB

iskudorp ayaiB ”,)41:0002( idayluM turunem iskudorp ayaib isinifeD

ayaib nakapurem - idajnem ukab nahab alolegnem kutnu idajret gnay ayaib

agit idajnem igabid ini iskudorp ayaiB .”laujid kutnu pais gnay idaj kudorp

k aganet ayaib ,ukab nahab ayaib utiay ayaib nad ,gnusgnal ajre daehrevo

.kirbap

.1 ukab nahab ayaiB

naahasurep helo nakraulekid gnay ayaib halada ukab nahab ayaiB

nahalognep malad iakapid gnay ukab nahab helorepmem kutnu

.kudorp

.2 gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaiB

da gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaiB kutnu naknabebid gnay agrah hala

.kudorp nataubmep malad aisunam aganet naanuggnep

.3 ayaiB daehrevo kirbap

ayaiB daehrevo ayaiB ”,)802:0002( idayluM turunem daehrevo

aganet ayaib nad ukab nahab ayaib niales iskudorp ayaib halada kirbap

.”gnusgnal ajrek

.F nalaujneP nalamaR

.1 nalaujneP nalamaR naitregneP

.idajret muleb gnay utauses ianegnem naarikrep halada nalamareP

huragnep nakmuminimem kutnu halada nalamarep irad naujuT

nalamarep ,nial atak nagneD .naahasurep iapacid gnay naitsapkaditek


42

kutnu naujutreb nakmuminimem tapad gnay naarikrep naktapadnem

.lamarem nahalasek

isinifeD tsacerof ”,)111:7002( iniraggnA nad ortupasidA turunem

( nalamaR tsacerof kutnu kinket utaus nakapurem nalaujnep )

utaus adap laisnetop nemusnok naatnimrep takgnit nakiskeyorpmem

.”utnetret ismusa iagabreb nagned ,utnetret utkaw edoirep

.2 nagnubuH tsaceroF nalaujneP nagned

tsaceroF .anacner nagned adebreb tsaceroF nalamar nakapurem

nataigeK .gnatad naka gnay utkaw adap idajret naka gnay apa gnatnet

gnitsacerof nakitraid tapad ses naklamarem nataigek iagabes gnay utau

.idajret naka itrareb ini laH tsacerof utas halas iagabes gnadnapid surah

.anacner nataubmep malad nakusam

tsaceroF ihuragnepmem kutnu tala idajnem tapad nalaujnep

janaM .nalaujnep anacner taubmem malad rejanam naahasurep neme

nalaujnep nalamar kalonem uata ,isakifidomem ,amirenem nikgnum

naahasurep ,nalaujnep naanacnerep malaD .naklisahid gnay

nad nalamar lisah rasadreb rejanam nasutupek nakkusamem

lah gnatnet nemejanam nakajibek aguj nakkusamem - gnay lah

tiakreb .na

.3 edoteM nahilimeP tsaceroF

.anacner nataubmep malad gnitnep nanarep ikilimem nalamaR

nakanuggnem nagned taubid gnay anacner utauS tsacerof naka

nagned nakgnidnabid alup kiab hibel gnay anacner naklisahgnem


52

nakanuggnem kadit gnay anacner tsacerof as kaynab adA .ilakes am

edotem aumes kadit ipatet naka ,nalamar nakukalem kutnu edotem

hilipid ulrep uti babes helO .ada gnay halasam paites nagned iauses

nahilimeP .nalamarep nakukalem kutnu tapet gnilap gnay edotem

beb helo ihuragnepid ini nalamarep edotem nial aratna rotkaf apare

:tukireb iagabes

.a .laujid gnay kudorp tafiS

.b .)gnusgnal kadit uata gnusgnal( nakanugid gnay isubirtsid edoteM

.c .ayngniasep naahasurep nagned nakgnidnabid naahasurep aynraseB

.d .ipadahid gnay nagniasrep takgniT

.e idesret gnay sirotsih ataD .a

.f .natukgnasreb gnay kudorp naatnimrep tafiS

.4 kinkeT - kinkeT gnitsaceroF

naklamarem malad naahasurep nakanugid gnay kinket kaynaB

tapad nalaujnep nalamareP .nalaujnep emulov nad naamirenep

repes ,nalamarep kinket iagabreb naktaafnamem nagned nakukalid it

araces narukugnep kinket nupuam fitatitnauk araces narukugnep kinket

nagned nakukalid fitatitnauk araces narukugnep kinkeT .fitatilauk

narukugnep nakgnadeS .kitametam nad kitsitats edotem nakanuggnem

nakanuggnem nagned nakukalid fitatilauk araces emgduj tn .)tapadnep(

gnitsaceroF fitatitnauk araces asilana aratna naudaprep ikadnehgnem

kitsitats asilanA .fitatilauk araces asilana nagned ipakgnelid gnay


62

nanusuynep malad remirp tala iagabes nakanugid tsacerof nakgnades ,

tnemgduj .pakgnelep iagabes nakanugid )tapadnep(

edotem ,kitametsis araceS - edotem tsacerof :idajnem nakkopmolekid

.a gnitsaceroF ( tapadneP nakrasadreB dohteM tnemgduJ )

tsaceroF nakutnenem kutnu raseb huragnepreb nalaujnep

upeK .nemejanam nakajibek nad nasutupek nupuam nasut

helo ihuragnepid gnay nemejanam nakajibek tsacerof :nial aratna

)1 iskudorP naanacnereP nakajibeK

)2 idaJ gnaraB naaidesreP nakajibeK

)3 natalareP nad niseM naiakameP nakajibeK

)4 pateT avitkA isatsevnI gnatnet nakajibeK

)5 nad hatneM nahaB nailebmeP anacneR gnoloneP

)6 saK narilA anacneR

tsaceroF nalamar taubmem kutnu nakanugid fitatilauk araces

rebmuS .mumu araces sinsib isidnok nalamar nupuam nalaujnep -

malad natapadnep rebmus dohtem tnemgduj halada aynlasim

,namselas ok ievrus nad ,natlusnok ,aera rejanam .nemusn

.b gnitsaceroF kitsitatS araceS nagnutihreP nagned

nakrasadid aynnarukugnep ,kitsitats araces nagnutihrep malaD

.orkam nupuam orkim tafisreb gnay kiab fitkeybo atad adap


72

malad kitsitats nagnutihrep kinket aparebeB gnitsacerof :itupilem

)1 silanA si dnerT )nagnurednecek(

dnerT atar iagabes nakitraid tapad - aynasaib( nahaburep atar

.gnajnap akgnaj malad )nuhat pait dnerT utaus nakapurem

ujunem gnurednec nad gnajnap akgnaj malad nabmal nakareg

.hara utas ek dnerT apureb tapad iridnes uti dnert op nad fitis

apureb tapad aguj dnert .fitagen dnerT alibapa idajret fitisop

lah - uata nakianek alajeg nakkujnunem itiletid gnay lah

nakgnadeS .natakgninep dnert gnay lah alibapa idajret fitagen

.nurunem uata gnarukreb nikames alajeg nakkujnunem itiletid

eb adA taubmem kutnu nakanugid tapad gnay edotem apareb

sirag dnert .

)a sisilanA dnert sabeb

sirag napareneP dnert nakatakid tapad sabeb araces

sirag naparenep arac utaus iagabes dnert apnat

sitkarp tagnas ini araC .akitametam sumur nakanuggnem

anerak nahamelek iaynupmem numan ,anahredes nad

aneraK .gnaruk tagnas ini macames arac isnetsisnok

.nakanugid gnaraj ini arac akam ,aynnahamelek

)b sisilanA dnert atar hagnetes - atar

malaD dnert atar hagnetes - satifitkejbus rusnu ,ini atar

malad nalamarep kinkeT .naksupahid ialum dnert hadus ini


82

nagnutihrep nakanuggnem - gnay sumuR .nagnutihrep

:tukireb iagabes halada nakanugid

)X( b + a = Y

:anamiD

atar = a - utnagreb ,2 kopmolek uata 1 kopmolek atar gn

rasad nuhat

atar( = b - 2 kopmolek atar – atar - n / )1 kopmolek atar

rasad edoirep irad gnutihid nuhat halmuj = n

)c sisilanA dnert sitametam

sisilana malaD dnert natakednep aud tapadret sitametam

sirag nakrabmaggnem kutnu nakanugid gnay dnert utiay ,

sisilana tnemom dnert sisilana nad erauq tsael dnert adaP .

sisilana dnert erauqs tsael .0 = X ismusa nakanugid

:nakanugid gnay alumroF

)X(b + a = Y

,anamiD

n / Y = a

X / YX = b 2

: nagnareteK

nednepeD lebairaV = Y

doirep( nednepednI lebairaV = X )e

atnatsnoK ialiN = a

isergeR neisifeoK = b


92

)edoirep( ataD halmuJ = n

)2 sisilanA htworG

taubmem kutnU gnitsacerof sisilana nagned htworg

:tukireb iagabes alumrof adap ucagnem )nahubmutrep(

)i+1( oP = nP n

:nagnareteK

ek nuhat nalaujnep emulov = nP -n

oP rasad nuhat nalaujnep emulov =

nuhat uata edoirep = n

= i tseretni )nalaujnep nahubmutrep takgnit(

)3 isaleroK isergeR sisilanA

lebairav utiay ,lebairav sinej aud lanekid ini sisilana malaD

nedneped )Y( lebairav nad nednepedni lebairaV .)X( neped ned

.nial lebairav helo ihuragnepid aynialin gnay lebairav halada

lebairav nakgnadeS nednepedni gnay sabeb lebairav halada

raenil huragneP .nial lebairav helo ihuragnepid kadit aynialin

nakataynid nial lebairav nagned lebairav utaus ialin aratna

rep nagned :tukireb iagabes naamas

)X( f = Y

lebairav ialin awhab itrareb tubesret laH nedneped )Y(

lebairav ialin helo ihuragnepid nednepedni .)X(


03

aynranebes huragnep aynraseb akam ,raenil isgnuf nagneD

lebairav irad nedneped naamasrep nagned nakataynid iagabes

:tukireb

)X( b + a = Y

:alumrof nagned gnutihid b nad a ialin aynraseB

b = n. YX −X.Yn.X2− (X)2

a =(Y − b. X)

n

nagned lebairav utas aratna nagnubuh halada isaleroK

kutnu nakanugid aynasaib ini asilanA .aynnial lebairav

anugreb isalerok sisilana aggniheS .iserger sisilana ipakgnelem

aparebeb aratna tabika babes nagnubuh iuhategnem kutnu

erok naamasreP .lebairav :tukireb iagabes halada isal

𝑟 =n. YX − X. Y

[n. X2 − (X)2][n. Y2 − (Y)2]

: isalerok ialin airetirK

= r - hara nad tauk( anrupmes fitagen nagnubuh tapadret 1

)nakilabekreb nagnubuh

)haraes nad tauk( anrupmes fitisop nagnubuh tapadret 1 + = r

buh tapadret kadit 0 = r ilakes amas nagnu


13

)4 kinkeT nagned sisilanA - susuhK kinkeT

)a irtsudni sisilanA

nagned nakukalid nalamarep ,ini edotem malaD

nagned naahasurep nalaujnep isnetop nakgnubuhgnem

emulov lah malad kiab ,mumu araces irtsudni naatnimrep

ep isisop nupuam nalaujnep .sinsib nagniasr

)b kudorp inil sisilanA

naahasurep adap nakanugid aynasaib ini sisilanA -

macam utas irad hibel naklisahgnem gnay naahasurep

macam iskudorpmem aneraK .kudorp - ,kudorp macam

gnisam - libmaid tapad kadit kudorp sinej gnisam

urah nad aynnaamasek taubid s tsacerof .hasipret araces

)c rihka naanuggnep sisilanA

naahasurep adap nakanugid rihka naanuggnep sisilanA -

gnarab iskudorpmem gnay naahasurep - kadit gnay gnarab

sesorp nakulremem naknialem ,ismusnokid tapad gnusgnal

orp idajnem kutnu tujnal hibel .rihka kud

.G iskudorP ayaiB naraggnA

.1 iskudorP ayaiB naraggnA naitregneP

iskudorp nataigek anacner nakapurem iskudorp ayaib naraggnA

naraggna itupilem gnay utnetret utkaw akgnaj malad naahasurep utaus

naraggna nad ,gnusgnal ajrek aganet naraggna ,ukab nahab ayaib

daehrevo gnay naraggna nakapurem iskudorp naraggnA .kirbap


23

gnarab ialin/tinu halmuj gnatnet icnirepret hibel araces nakanacnerem

naka gnay edoirep amales naahasurep helo iskudorpid naka gnay

.)naraggna edoirep amales( gnatad

nahutubek ihunemem kutnu halada iskudorp naraggna irad naujuT

doirep araces nalaujnep iauses aidesret tapad gnarab aggnihes ,ki

gnarab iskudorpmem ,anacner - libats nad simonoke araces gnarab

ayaib aggnihes - nakajibek nagnutnueK .muminim idajnem ayaib

kirbap satilisaf naanuggnep halada nial aratna libats gnay iskudorp

ep satilibats ,kiab hibel ukab nahab nailebmep ,ajrek aganet naanuggn

.simonoke gnay

.2 iskudorP naraggnA nanusuyneP naujuT

iagabes halada nial aratna iskudorp naraggna nanusuynep irad naujuT

:tukireb

.a tapad naahasurep anamid ,nalaujnep nataigek gnajnunem kutnU

idaj gnarab nakaideynem .nakanacnerid halet gnay nagned iauses

.b naaidesrep alibapA .iadamem patet raga naaidesrep agajnem kutnU

ayntakgninem adap tabikareb tapad naka ini lah akam iggnit ulalret

ayaib - alibapa nakgnadeS .naahasurep kutnu okiser nad ayaib

m ,licek ulalret naaidesrep aynkaynab naktabikagnem naka aka

.iskudorp sesorp uggnaggnem aggnihes naaidesrep nagnarukek

.c risilaminimem tapad aggnihes iskudorp sesorp rutagnem kutnU

ayaib - .naahasurep nakraulekid gnay ayaib


33

.3 iskudorP ayaiB naraggnA nanusuyneP sesorP

amatrep hakgnaL taubmem kutnu naahasurep nakukalid surah gnay

kutnU .nalaujnep naraggna nusuynem nagned halada naraggna

nalamar nakanuggnem naahasurep ,ini nalaujnep naraggna nusuynem

( nalaujnep tsacerof nataubmep malad nakusam utas halas iagabes )

.nalaujnep anacner

tapad naahasurep ayntujnales ,nususid nalaujnep naraggna haleteS

muleb laujid gnay kudorp tinu halmuJ .iskudorp naraggna nusuynem

idajret ini naadebreP .iskudorpid gnay tinu halmuj nagned amas utnet

rep nad lawa naaidesrep tapadret naahasurep malad anerak naaides

.rihka

:sumur nakanuggnem nagned nususid tapad iskudorp naraggnA

)nalaujnep anacner( nalaujnep takgniT xxx

idaj gnarab rihka naaidesrep takgniT xxx +

halmuJ xxx

idaj gnarab lawa naaidesrep takgniT xxx –

udorp takgniT k is xxx

nanusuynep kutnu rasad iagabes nakanugid ini iskudorp naraggnA

,ukab nahab ayaib naraggna pukacnem gnay iskudorp ayaib naraggna

ayaib naraggna nad ,gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib naraggna daehrevo

.kirbap


43

.H ukaB nahaB ayaiB naraggnA

ulrep ukab nahab nasawagnep nad naalolegnep akgnar malaD

napak nad aidesret aynsurahes gnay ukab nahab kaynab apareb nakutnetid

halada ukab nahab uata hatnem nahaB .nanasemep nakukalid aynsurahes

irad huruleynem gnay naigab kutnebmem gnay nahab aumes .idaj kudorp

idajnem nakisakifisalkid iskudorp sesorp malad nakanugid gnay nahaB

( gnusgnal ukab nahab utiay aud lairetam tcerid kadit ukab nahab nad )

( gnusgnal lairetam tceridni aumes itupilem ukab nahab naanacnereP .)

nerem nad nagnubuhreb gnay naraggna icnirepret hibel araces nakanac

edoirep amales iskudorp sesorp kutnu ukab nahab naanuggnep ianegnem

:nial aratna ukab nahab anacner nanusuynep irad naujuT .gnatad naka gnay

.1 .ukab nahab nahutubek halmuj nakarikrepmeM

.2 kab nahab nailebmep halmuj nakarikrepmeM .u

.3 .ukab nahab nailebmep kutnu anad nahutubek nakarikrepmeM

.4 aynada nagned iskudorp kokop agrah nenopmok nakarikrepmeM

.iskudorp sesorp kutnu ukab nahab naiakamep

.5 .ukab nahab nailadnegneP

naraggna gnatnet naksalejnem )481:7002( iniraggnA nad ortupasidA

yaib :utiay naraggna bus tapme irad iridret gnay )hatnem( ukab nahab a

.1 hatnem nahab nahutubek naraggnA

tinu halmuj gnatnet nakanacnerem icniret araces ini naraggnA

iskudorpreb kutnu nakhutubid gnay gnadac ukus nad hatnem nahab

atad naka gnay edoirep amales nagned nususid tapad ini naraggnA .gn


53

hatnem nahab naiakamep radnats nagned iskudorpid tinu nakilagnem

iagabes iretam mutnacret hatnem nahab naraggna malaD .tinu rep

:tukireb

.a sineJ naklisahid naka gnay gnarab

.b nakanugid gnay hatnem nahab sineJ

.c ay nemetrapeD iskudorp sesorp malad iulalid gn

.d hatnem nahab naanuggnep radnatS

.e hatnem nahab naiakamep utkaW

hatnem nahab nahutubek naraggna nanusuynep irad amatu naujuT

nahab naraggna nusuynem malad atad nakaideynem kutnu halada

hatnem nahab naraggna nanusuynep irad nial naujut uti nialeS .hatnem

:halada

.a bmep naigab raga nailebmep naigab adapek atad irebmeM naile

nahab nailadnegnep nad naanacnerep isgnuf nakanaskalem tapad

.kiab nagned hatnem

.b hatnem nahab ayaib naraggna nanusuynep kutnu atad nakirebmeM

.kudorp sinej paites

.c .lamitpo gnay naaidesrep takgnit nakutneneM

.d nailadnegnep nad naanacnerep rasad iagabeS nahab naiakamep

.hatnem


63

.2 hatnem nahab nailebmep naraggnA

nahab kutnu nakanacnerid gnay halmuj nakutnenem ini naraggnA

nad nakarikrepid gnay ayaib ,ilebid gnay gnadac ukus nad hatnem

anacner iagabes nakitraid ini naraggnA .namirignep utkaw laggnat

net helo ilebid surah gnay hatnem nahab )halmuj( satitnauk gnat

naraggna taubmem kutnU .gnatadnem edoirep malad naahasurep

lah sata bawajgnuggnatreb surah rejanam ,nailebmep - :ini tukireb lah

.a nahab naaidesrep takgnit gnatnet nemejanam nakajibek ihutameM

.hatnem

.b sinej paites kutnu nailebmep utkaw nad tinu halmuj nakutneneM

.gnadac ukus nad nahab

.c gnadac ukus nad nahab paites irad tinu rep ayaib nakarikrepmeM

ilebid gnay .

hatnem nahab nailebmep naraggnA :sumur nagned nususid

hatnem nahab nahutubeK xxx

hatnem nahab rihka naaidesreP xxx +

aratnames nahutubek halmuJ xxx

hatnem nahab lawa naaidesreP xxx –

ilebid gnay hatnem nahab tinU xxx


73

.3 hatnem nahab naaidesrep naraggnA

nad hatnem nahab naaidesrep takgnit nakutnenem ini naraggnA

ukus .aynhalmuj nad ayaib kutneb malad nakanacnerid gnay gnadac

nahab naaidesrep tinu nakilagnem nagned nususid tapad ini naraggnA

.tinu rep hatnem nahab agrah nagned hatnem

.4 iskudorp kutnu sibah gnay hatnem nahab ayaib naraggnA

yaib nakutnenem ini naraggnA nahab kutnu nakanacnerid gnay a

.iskudorp sesorp malad iakapid naka gnay gnadac ukus nad hatnem

nahab nahutubek tinu nakilagnem nagned nususid tapad ini naraggnA

.tinu rep hatnem nahab agrah nagned hatnem

.I gnusgnaL ajreK aganeT ayaiB naraggnA

anerak aynayaib nakiladnekid ulrep naka gnusgnal ajrek aganeT

apnaT .iskudorp kokop agrah kutnebmep rusnu utas halas nakapurem

raseb akam ,kiab gnay gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib nailadnegnep aynada

jnem ini gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib awhab nanikgnumek raseb hibel ida

idajnem naka iskudorp kokop agrah aggnihes aynrajawes gnay adapirad

.raseb hibel habmatreb

natakednep ,)921:1002( otnayirpuS turuneM - gnay natakednep

:halada gnusgnal ajrek aganet naraggna nataubmep malad nakanugid

.1 maj halmuj isamitsE tinu paites kutnu nakhutubid gnay radnats ajrek

kudorp atar isamitse nad - tasup ,nemetraped paites hapu takgnit atar

.isarepo uata ,ayaib


83

.2 naruku aparebeb padahret gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib oisar isamitsE

tuptuo .sitsilaer araces nakiskeyorpid tapad gnay

.3 M aganet nahutubek nakmutnacnem nagned ajrek aganet lebat nusuyne

.nabawajgnuggnatrep tasup paites adap )ayaib kusamret( ajrek

gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib padahret nagnutihrep nakadagnem kutnU

ulrep akam ,iskudorp sesorp naanaskalep malad nakanugrepid gnay

kutnu nakanugrepid naka gnay rasad nautas uluhad hibelret nakutnetid

ayaib nagnutihrep nusuynem kutnu aynmumu adaP .tubesret nagnutihrep

utiay ,nagnutihrep rasad macam aud lanekid ini gnusgnal ajrek aganet

.maj rep hapu nad kudorp tinu rep hapu

is malad iD tapad kutnu gnurednec naka nawayrak ,tinu rep hapu mets

kaynabes kudorp tinu naklisahgnem - sativitkudorp aggnihes aynkaynab

tinu rep hapu numaN .takgninem gnurednec naka tubesret nawayrak

kudorp tinu naklisahgnem nawayrak akitek anamid nahamelek ikilimem

es raseb - naklisahid gnay kudorp irad satilauk gnadakret akam ,aynraseb

nasawagnep helo ignabmiid kadit ini lah aliB .nurunem gnurednec naka

gnay naigurek naklubminem tapad akam ,nemejanam kahip irad tatek gnay

.naahasurep igab raseb pukuc

turunem hapu metsiS ajrekep taubmem tapad )maj/tinu( utkaw

sukofreb kadit anerak iggnit satilaukreb gnay kudorp tinu naklisahgnem

kaynabes kudorp naklisahgnem naujut adap - numaN .aynkaynab

naiaseleynep utkaw amalrepmem gnurednec ajrekep halada aynnahamelek


93

dit anerak naajrekep .akerem naamirenep aynraseb ihuragnepmem ka

:sumur nakanugid gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib naraggna nusuynem kutnU

tinu malad iskudorp naraggnA xxx

tinu rep gnusgnal ajrek maJ xxx x

nakulrepid gnay gnusgnal ajrek maj latoT xxx

radnats hapu firaT gnusgnal ajrek maj/ xxx x

)pR( gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib latot naraggnA xxx

.J ayaiB naraggnA daehrevO kirbaP

ayaiB daehrevo malad id idajret gnay ayaib hurules irad iridret kirbap

U .gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib nad ukab nahab ayaib ilaucek kirbap kutn

ayaib nusuynem daehrevo aynraseb nakpatenem naka nemejanam ,kirbap

ayaib firat daehrevo ayaib naraggna rasad sata kirbap daehrevo kirbap

naknabebid gnay gnatad naka gnay nuhat adap nakraulekid naka gnay

janaM .iskudorpid gnay kudorp tinu paites adapek naka naahasurep neme

ayaib nagnutihrep rasad iagabes lebairav utaus hilimem daehrevo kirbap

ayaib naraggnA .naahasurep malad ada gnay daehrevo tapad kirbap

hakgnal nagned nakutnetid - :tukireb iagabes hakgnal

.1 ayaib firat nakutneneM daehrevo nad patet kirbap ayaib firat daehrevo

ayaib firaT .lebairav daehrevo nahaburep ada kadit patet kirbap

ayaib firat nakgnades daehrevo radnats nakrasadreb lebairav kirbap

.lamron satisapak iskudorp


04

.2 nemele tahileM - ayaib nemele daehrevo kirbap

.3 gned iskudorp radnats nakilagneM ayaib nemele rep ayaib firat na

daehrevo .kirbap

.4 ayaib nanabebmep rasad hilimeM daehrevo kudorp utaus kirbap

nisem maj uata gnusgnal ajrek maj ,kudorp tinu nautas nakrasadreb

.gnusgnal

.5 ayaib firat gnutihgneM daehrevo igabmem arac nagned kirbap

aib naraggna ay daehrevo ayaib irad iridret gnay latot kirbap daehrevo

ayaib nad patet kirbap daehrevo .lebairav kirbap

firat nautneneP daehrevo pahat agit iulalem nakanaskalid tapad kirbap

:7002 ,iniraggnA nad ortupasidA( :utiay ,)442

.1 ayaib naraggna nusuyneM daehrevo .kirbap

ayaib naraggna nusuynem malaD daehrevo ulrep kirbap

nariskanep rasad iagabes iakapid naka gnay satisapak nakitahrepid

ayaib daehrevo utiay iakapid tapad gnay gnay satisapak agit adA .

uggnuses satisapak nad ,lamron satisapak ,sitkarp satisapak gnay aynh

.nakparahid

.2 ayaib nanabebmep rasad hilimeM daehrevo .kudorp audek kirbap

nautas uata nataigek nautas iagabes lanekid ini nanabebmep rasaD

id gnay nautas inkay gnutihgnep halmuj iuhategnem kutnu iakap

naigab helo nakukalid halet gnay nataigek asaj naigab nad iskudorp

.iskudorp sesorp akgnar malad


14

.3 ayaib firat gnutihgneM daehrevo .kirbap

ayaib firaT daehrevo halmuj arac nagned gnutihid tapad kirbap

ayaib daehrevo .nataigek takgnit nagned igabid nakraggnaid kirbap

sineJ - mret gnay ayaib sinej ayaib irogetak kusa daehrevo :itupilem kirbap

.1 .)gnolonep nahab( gnusgnal kadit hatnem nahab ayaiB

kudorp irad naigab idajnem gnay nahab nakapurem gnolonep nahaB

kokop agrah nagned nakgnidnabid akij licek fitaler aynialin numan idaj

.iskudorp

.2 net ayaiB .)ijag kusamret( gnusgnal kadit ajrek aga

gnay kirbap ajrek aganet halada gnusgnal kadit ajrek aganet ayaiB

.kudorp adapek gnusgnal araces nakgnutihrepid tapad kadit aynhapu

kutnu naarethajesek ayaib nad nagnajnut ,hapu irad iridret ini ayaiB

k aganet iridnes uti gnusgnal kadit ajrek aganeT .gnusgnal kadit ajre

:irad iridret

.a nemetraped itrepes ,utnabmep nemetraped irad nawayraK

.kirtsil aganet tikgnabmep

.b ,iskudorp nemetraped malad ajrekeb gnay utnetret nawayraK

.iskudorp nemetraped alapek itrepes

.3 ayaiB .naarahilemep nad isaraper

nad iakap sibah nahab ayaib ,gnadac ukus ayaib apureb ini ayaiB

naulrepek kutnu naahasurep raul kahip irad asaj nahelorep agrah

aynnial patet avitka nad nisem ,nanugnab naarahilemep nad nakiabrep

ulrepek kutnu nakanugid gnay .kirbap na


24

.4 .patet avitka padahret naialinep tabika iagabes lubmit gnay ayaiB

ayaib nial aratna ini ayaib kopmolek malad kusamret gnaY

patet avitka nad ,naaradnek isnarusa ,nisem ,nanugnab isaiserped

.kirbap malad nakanugid gnay aynnial

.5 gnay ayaiB .utkaw aynulalreb tabika iagabes lubmit

ayaib halada ini kopmolek kusamret gnay ayaib irad hotnoC

igab ajrek naakalecek isnarusa ,nisem isnarusa ,gnudeg isnarusa

naigurek isasitroma ayaib nad ,nawayrak lairt - nur .

.6 ayaiB daehrevo araces gnay nial kirbap nakulremem gnusgnal

.ianut naraulegnep

ayaib halada nial aratna ini ayaib kopmolek malad kusamret gnaY

kirtsil ayaib ,naahasurep raul kahip adapek nakharesid gnay isaraper

.ayniagabes nad NLP

.K lebiskelF naraggnA

.1 lebiskelF naraggnA naitregneP

ggnA ,simanid tafisreb gnay naraggna nakapurem lebiskelf nara

.sativitka aparebeb irad naraggna taumem aynmaladid anamid

,lebairav naraggna iagabes nakamanid alup gnires lebiskelf naraggnA

nagned nakiausesid gnay naraggna nad nataigek naraggna tuptuo .

gneP halada )522:7002( radnanuM trunem lebiskelf naraggna naitre

“ tegduB nahaburep gnatnet icnirepret hibel araces nakanacnerem gnay

ayaib amaturet ,ayaib )satilibairav takgnit( - gnusgnal kadit ayaib


34

ek utkaw irad naahasurep sativitka nahaburep nagned nagnubuhes

.”gnatad naka gnay edoirep amales utkaw

ianegnem nauhategnep sata nakrasadid ini lebiskelf naraggnA

utaus utkaw akgnaj kutnu nususid ini naraggnA .ayaib alop ukalirep

haletes nususid aynasaib lebiskelf naraggnA .sativitka gnatner

ikilimem naahasurep utaus anamiagab ianegnem icnir gnay asilana

.ahasu nataigek uata sativitka malad nahaburep helo ihuragnepid ayaib

mulebes kiab ,naanugek kaynab ikilimem lebiskelf naraggnA

tagnas naka ini naraggnA .natukgnasreb gnay edoirep haduses nupuam

t taafnamreb iagabreb aratnaid hilimem naka rejanam akitek amature

edoirep haleteS .naanacnerep naujut kutnu sativitka nagnatner

malad rejanam utnabmem tagnas naka ini naraggna ,rihkareb naraggna

lisah asilanagnem - .lautka lisah

.2 lebiskelF naraggnA kitsiretkaraK

naraggnA :tukireb iagabes kitsiretkarak iaynupmem lebiskelf

.a kadit nad sativitka nagnatner utaus kutnu nususid ini naraggnA

.ajas utnetret sativitka takgnit utas kutnu aynah

.b taubmem malad simanid gnay rasad nakirebmem ini naraggnA

nagnidnabrep - ini laH .nagnidnabrep naraggna anerak nakbabesid

nagnubuhreb gnay isamrofni nakirebmem sitamoto araces ini

.adebreb gnay emulov natakgnit nagned


44

.3 lebiskelF naraggnA nanusuyneP naujuT

:kutnu naujut nagned lebiskelf naraggna nusuynem naahasurep utauS

.a naraggna nusuynem nagneD hibel naka naahasurep utaus ,lebiskelf

nagned idajret gnay nagnapmiynep naruku nakutnenem hadum

.aynhuggnuses emulov takgnit nakiauseynem

.b nakhutubid gnay isamrofni irebmem tapad ini naraggnA

:nial aratna gnay nailadnegnep naujut iapacnem malad nemejanam

)1 rP .rutaret gnay naanacnerep rudeso

)2 utaus isivid iagabreb irad nataigek isanidrookgnem kutnu talA

.naahasurep

)3 .ayaib nailadnegnep kutnu rasaD

.4 lebiskelF naraggnA napareneP tarayS

laH - lebiskelf naraggna naparenep malad ihunepid surah gnay lah

:nial aratna

.a aigeK gnay nagnalugnep ikilimem natukgnasreb gnay naigab nat

gnay utkaw akgnaj kutnu awhab itrareb ini laH .kaynab hibel

sinej irad uajnitid habureb kadit tubesret nataigek ,gnajnap fitaler

tuptuo haburem kadit iskudorp naigab aynasaiB .naklisahid gnay

nay sinej nisem ,naklisahid g - nupuam ,nakanugid gnay nisem

.aynnuhat paites adap iakapid gnay iskudorp edotem

.b macamreb tapadreT - naigab adaP .negoreteh gnay ayaib macam

ayaib tapadret ,iskudorp - nad gnusgnal hatnem nahab kutnu ayaib

usgnal ajrek aganet ,gnusgnal kadit ijag ,gnusgnal kadit nad gn


54

rosivrepus ayaib ,tubesret naigabid ajrekeb gnay nawayrak nad

.ayniagabes nial nad ,ria ,kirtsil ,utnabmep nahab

.c aguj nad nataigek takgniT tuptuo sitsilaer araces rukuid tapad

.utnetret nautas nakanuggnem nagned

.5 nanusuyneP lebiskelF naraggnA

hakgnaL - iagabes halada lebiskelf naraggna nanusuynep hakgnal

:tukireb

.a adaP .nakparahid tapad gnay satisapak gnatner nakutneneM

naka gnay edoirep amales isautkulfreb naka satisapak ini gnatner

.gnatad

.b naka gnay ayaib asilanagneM satisapak gnatner adap nakraulekid

hakapa ayaib ukalirep alop nakutnenem nagned naveler gnay

.lebairavimes uata ,patet ,lebairav

.c nakutnenem nagned ,aynukalirep alop rasadreb ayaib nakhasimeM

.lebairavimes ayaib nad lebairav ayaib firat

.d ib firat nakanuggneM gnay naraggna nusuynem kutnu lebairav aya

iagabreb adap nakraulekid naka gnay ayaib halmuj nakkujnunem

.naveler gnay sativitka gnatner gnajnapes ,sativitka takgnit

.L sitatS naraggnA

nususid gnay naraggna halada patet naraggna uata sitats naraggnA

kutnu ayaib nagned nakgnidnabid lautka lisah anamid ,utnetret level utas

kutnu abal anacner malad naktahilrepid gnay nakanacnerid gnay

gnutihgnem snairav nahamelek iaynupmem ini sitats naraggnA .ajrenik


64

t gnay nagnapmiynep nakadebmem asib kadit naahasurep anamid idajre

gnay nagnapmiynep nagned nalaujnep emulov nagnapmiynep aratna

.isneisife nagnapmiynep nad agrah nahaburep anerak idajret

.M hisileS sisilanA

iagabes arac nakanugid ,hisiles aynidajret babeynep iuhategnem kutnU

:tukireb

.1 ukaB nahaB ayaiB hisileS

.a S edoteM hisileS uta

ukaB nahaB agraH hisileS

)tSH x tSK( – )SH x SK(

:anamiD

tSK radnats satitnauk :

SK aynhuggnuses satitnauk :

tSH radnats agrah :

SH aynhuggnuses agrah :

.b hisileS auD edoteM

)1 ukab nahab agrah hisileS

tSH( = BBHS – SK )SH

:anamiD

BBHS hisiles : ukab nahab agrah

tSH radnats agrah :




74

aynhisiles akam ,tSH adapirad raseb hibel SH alibapA

hibel SH alibapa aynkilabeS .nakgnutnugnem kadit tafisreb

tnugnem tafisreb aynhisiles akam tSH adapirad licek .nakgnu

)2 ukab nahab satitnauk hisileS

tSK( = BBKS – tSH )SK

:anamiD

BBKS ukab nahab satitnauk hisiles :



tSH radnats agrah :

aynhisiles akam ,tSK adapirad raseb hibel SK alibapA

tnugnem kadit tafisreb hibel SK alibapa aynkilabeS .nakgnu

.nakgnutnugnem tafisreb aynhisiles akam tSK adapirad licek

.c hisileS agiT edoteM

)1 ukab nahab agrah hisileS

tSH( = BBHS – tSK )SH

:anamiD

BBHS ukab nahab agrah hisiles :

tSH radnats agrah :


tSK : radnats satitnauk


84

)2 ukab nahab satitnauk hisileS

tSK( = BBKS – SH )SK

:anamiD

BBKS ukab nahab satitnauk hisiles :




)3 ukab nahab satitnauk / agrah hisileS

tSH( = BBKHS – tSK( x )SH – K )S

:anamiD

BBKHS ukab nahab satitnauk / agrah hisiles :

tSH radnats agrah :




,aynhuggnuses agrah irad hadner hibel radnats agrah akiJ

iggnit hibel hibel radnats satitnauk numan satitnauk irad

hisiles nakapurem gnay nagnubag hisiles akam ,aynhuggnuses

.idajret naka kadit satitnauk / agrah


94

.2 gnusgnaL ajreK aganeT ayaiB hisileS

.a hisileS utaS edoteM

)tST x tSJ( = KTBS – )ST x SJ(

:anamiD

KTBS ajrek aganet ayaib hisiles :

tSJ maj : radnats ajrek

SJ aynhuggnuses ajrek maj :

tST radnats hapu firat :

ST aynhuggnuses firat :


)1 gnusgnal hapu firat hisileS

tST( = LUTS – SJ )ST

:anamiD

LUTS gnusgnal hapu firat hisiles :

tST radnats firat :

ST aynhuggnuses firat :

SJ k maj : aynhuggnuses ajre

aynhisiles akam ,tST adapirad raseb hibel ST alibapA

hibel ST alibapa aynkilabeS .nakgnutnugnem kadit tafisreb

.nakgnutnugnem tafisreb aynhisiles akam ,tST adapirad licek


05

)2 gnusgnal hapu isneisife hisileS

tSJ( = LUES – tST )SJ

:anamiD

LUES gnusgnal hapu isneisife hisiles :

tSJ radnats ajrek maj :


tST radnats firat :

SJ alibapA tSJ adapirad raseb hibel tafisreb aynhisiles akam ,

,tSJ adapirad licek hibel SJ alibapa aynkilabeS .nakgnutnugnem kadit

m .nakgnutnugnem tafisreb aynhisiles aka


)1 hapu firat hisileS

tST( = UTS – tSJ )ST

:anamiD

UTS hapu firat hisiles :


ST aynhuggnuses hapu firat :


)2 hapu isneisife hisileS

tSJ( = UES – tST )SJ

:anamiD

UES hapu isneisife hisiles :





15

)3 hapu isneisife / firat hisileS

tSJ( = UETS – )SJ – tST( – )ST

:anamiD

UETS hapu isneisife/ firat hisiles :


SJ ek maj : aynhuggnuses ajr


ST aynhuggnuses hapu firat :

.3 ayaiB hisileS daehrevO gnusgnaL kirbaP

.a hisileS utaS edoteM

SPOB = POB latot hisileS – DPOB

:anamiD

SPOB ayaib : daehrevo kirbap aynhuggnuses

DPOB ayaib : daehrevo naknabebid kirbap

tafisreb aynhisiles akam ,DPOB adapirad raseb hibel SPOB alibapA

adapirad licek hibel SPOB alibapa aynkilabeS .nakgnutnugnem kadit

.nakgnutnugnem tafisreb aynhisiles akam ,DPOB


)1 iladnekret hisileS

SPOB = TS – tSKFA

SPOB = TS – x NK(( )TT – ))VT x tSK(

:anamiD

TS iladnekret hisiles :

SPOB ayaib : daehrevo aynhuggnuses kirbap

tSKFA radnats satisapak adap lebiskelf naraggna :


25

NK lamron satisapak :

TT patet firat :

tSK radnats satisapak :

VT lebairav firat :

d raseb hibel SPOB alibapA aynhisiles akam ,tSKFA adapira

licek hibel SPOB alibapa aynkilabeS .nakgnutnugnem kadit tafisreb

.nakgnutnugnem tafisreb aynhisiles akam ,tSKFA adapirad

)2 emulov hisileS

tSKFA = VS – )T x tSK(

))VT x tSK ( + )TT x NK(( = VS – ))VT x tSK ( + )TT x tSK((

namiD :a

VS emulov hisiles :

tSKFA radnats satisapak adap lebiskelf naraggna :


T firat :


TT patet firat :

VT lebairav firat :

tafisreb aynhisiles akam ,tSK adapirad raseb hibel NK alibapA

adapirad licek hibel NK alibapa aynkilabeS .nakgnutnugnem kadit

.nakgnutnugnem tafisreb aynhisiles akam ,tSK


)1 naraggna hisileS

SPOB = AS – SKFA

SPOB = AS – ( + )TT x NK(( ))VT x SK


35

:anamiD

AS naraggna hisiles :

SPOB ayaib : daehrevo aynhuggnuses kirbap

SKFA satisapak adap lebiskelf naraggna:

aynhuggnuses


TT patet firat :

SK aynhuggnuses satisapak :

VT lebairav firat :

aynhisiles akam ,SKFA adapirad raseb hibel SPOB alibapA

licek hibel SPOB alibapa aynkilabeS .nakgnutnugnem kadit tafisreb

.nakgnutnugnem tafisreb aynhisiles akam ,SKFA adapirad

)2 satisapak hisileS

SKFA = KS – DPOB

:anamiD

KS satisapak hisiles :

SKFA satisapak adap lebiskelf naraggna:

aynhuggnuses

DPOB ayaib: daehrevo naknabebid gnay kirbap

aynhisiles akam ,DPOB adapirad raseb hibel SKFA alibapA

licek hibel SKFA alibapa aynkilabeS .nakgnutnugnem kadit tafisreb

fisreb aynhisiles akam ,DPOB adapirad .nakgnutnugnem ta


45

)3 isneisife hisileS

tSK( = ES – T )SK

:anamiD

ES isneisife hisiles :


SK aynhuggnuses satisapak :

T firat :

tafisreb aynhisiles akam ,tSK adapirad raseb hibel SK alibapA

libapa aynkilabeS .nakgnutnugnem kadit adapirad licek hibel SK a

.nakgnutnugnem tafisreb aynhisiles akam ,tSK


55

III BAB

NAITILENEP EDOTEM

.A naitileneP kejbO

.1 naitilenep isakoL gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP :

.2 utkaW naitilenep 1102 teraM nagned iapmas iraunaJ :

.B naitileneP niaseD nad edoteM

nanunetreP adap susak iduts nakapurem nakukalid gnay naitileneP

naitilenep edotem nakanuggnem nagned gnawabilaK airaM atnaS

y ini naitilenep aynnakukalid irad naujuT .nagnapal kutnu utia

.sisilana malad nakulrepid gnay isamrofni nad atad naklupmugnem

aggnihes naahasurep malad susak utaus adap naktasupid ini naitileneP

igab ukalreb aynah kiratid gnay sisilana irad lisah nad nalupmisek

.utnetret edoirep adap naahasurep

.C kinkeT ataD nalupmugneP

.1 aracnawaW

araces bawaj aynat nakukalem arac nagned atad nalupmugnep kinkeT

kahip nagned gnusgnal - .tiakret kahip

.2 isavresbO

natamagnep nakadagnem arac nagned atad nalupmugnep kinkeT

bmag helorepmem aggnihes ,itiletid gnay kejbo adap gnusgnal nara

.itiletid gnay halasam ianegnem atayn


65

.3 isatnemukoD

nemukod iulalem atad nalupmugnep kinkeT - gnay nemukod

.itiletid naka gnay halasam nagned nagnubuhreb

.D ataD sisilanA kinkeT

.1 :amatrep gnay halasam bawajnem kutnU

.a naraggna nanusuynep sesorp nakispirksedneM gnay iskudorp ayaib

.gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP helo nakukalid

.b hakgnal nakispirksedneM - ayaib naraggna nanusuynep hakgnal

:tukireb iagabes arac nagned ,sitiroet araces iskudorp

)1 edotem nakanuggnem nagned nalaujnep nalamar nusuyneM

erauqS tsaeL .

)2 .nalaujnep naraggna taubmeM

nanusuynep rasad iagabes nakanugid nalaujnep naraggnA

arac nagned nususid nalaujnep naraggnA .iskudorp naraggna

nagned nakparahid gnay tinu malad nalaujnep nakilagnem

.tinu rep lauj agrah

)3 .iskudorp naraggna nusuyneM

)4 gna nusuyneM .ukab nahab ayaib narag

hakgnal nagned nususid ukab nahab ayaib naraggnA - hakgnal

:tukireb iagabes

)a malad iakapid gnay ukab nahab satitnauk nakutneneM

nakpatetid gnay naiakamep radnats nakrasadreb iskudorp

.naahasurep helo


75

)b nahab nailebmep naraggna taubmeM .ukab

)c gnay tinu rep agrah nagned satitnauk nakilagneM

.nakraggnaid

)5 .gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib naraggna nusuyneM

)6 ayaib naraggna nusuyneM daehrevo .kirbap

.c hakgnal nakgnidnabmeM - ayaib naraggna nanusuynep hakgnal

.sitiroet araces iskudorp

.d sisilana nakukaleM hakgnal hakapa iuhategnem kutnu - hakgnal

.tapet hadus naahasurep adap iskudorp ayaib naraggna nanusuynep

.2 :audek gnay halasam bawajnem kutnU

ayaib aratna nakgnidnabmem nagned utiay hupmetid gnay araC

es gnay ayaib nagned naahasurep helo nakraggnaid gnay .aynhuggnus

hakgnaL - :tukireb iagabes halada aynhakgnal

.a ukab nahab ayaib hisileS

)1 ukab nahab nailebmep naanaskaleP

)a nailebmep halmuj anerak snairaV

anacneR halmuJ( = – anacneR agraH x )liiR halmuJ

)b ukab nahab agrah anerak snairaV

anacneR agraH( = – )liiR agraH liiR halmuJ x

)c snairaV latoT

snairaV + halmuj anerak snairaV = agrah anerak


85

)2 ukab nahab naiakamep naanaskaleP

)a isneisife snairaV


)b agraH snairaV

anacneR agraH( = – liiR halmuJ x )liiR agraH

)c snairaV latoT

raV = agraH snairaV + isneisifE snai

.b gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib hisileS

)1 isneisife snairaV

anacneR ajreK maJ( = – anacneR hapU firaT x )liiR ajreK maJ

)2 snairaV hapu firat

anacneR hapU firaT ( = – liiR ajreK maJ x )liiR hapU firaT

)3 snairav latoT

snairaV = hapU firaT snairaV + isneisifE

hisiles ,ukab nahab ayaib hisiles itupilem gnay hisiles paites iraD

ayaib hisiles nad ,gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib daehrevo ,kirbap

gnay halmuj nagned hisiles aratna nagnidnabmep nakukalid naidumek

p alibapA .nakraggnaid gnay halmuj padahret hisiles esatnesor

gnay esatnesorp satab nagned amas uata gnaruk nakraggnaid

tapad naahasurep iskudorp ayaib akam ,naahasurep nakpatetid

padahret hisiles esatnesorp alib nakgnadeS .iladnekret nakatakid

aseb hibel nakraggnaid gnay halmuj gnay esatnesorp satab irad r


95

tapad naahasurep iskudorp ayaib akam ,naahasurep nakpatetid

.iladnekret muleb nakatakid

ayaib awhab nalupmisek nakumetid naitilenep lisah irad alibapA

tapad naahasurep akam ,iladnekret kadit naahasurep irad iskudorp

magnem hupmetid asib gnay lawa hakgnaL .nakiabrep nakadnit lib

ayaib anam naigab id tahilem nagned aynlasim naahasurep

naahasurep naidumek ,nakraggnaid gnay ayaib ihibelem aynhuggnuses

ayaib iuapmalem asib tubesret ayaib apagnem babeynep iracnem tapad

ggnaid gnay anerak idajret nikgnum tubesret ayaib hisileS .nakra

halet alibapA .aynnial lah anerak nupuata agrah nahaburep aynada

nakpatenem tapad naahasurep naidumek ,aynbabeynep iuhatekid

naraggna ikiabrepmem kutnu nakanugid tapad raga urab nakajibek

yntukireb nuhat .a


06

VI BAB

NAAHASUREP MUMU NARABMAG

.A naahasureP harajeS

nuhat adap euS eoY redurB helo nakiridid airaM atnaS nanunetreP

,gnawabilaK ,irsarajnaB ,oroB haread id katelret ini nanunetreP .8391

nanunetrep ,0591 nuhat rihka nagned iapmaS .atrakaygoY ,ogorP noluK

licek ahasu nakapurem hisam ini - iskudorp ,nalicek licek fitaler hisam ayn

nial aratna ini nanunetrep aynkutnebid lawa naujuT .libats muleb nad

nasayaY nagnukgnil malad issim ayrak igab nahutubek ipukucnem kutnu

ratikes takaraysam igab ajrek nagnapal nakatpicnem ,ruhuL idugnaP

abmem kutnu atres ,nanunetrep takaraysam napudihek takgnagnem utn

nainatrep gnadib nakladnagnem aynah kadit takaraysam aggnihes ratikes

.ajas

airaM atnaS nanunetreP ,amatrep gnay aynisarepo adaP

nunet tala nakanuggnem nagned nawayrak gnaro 04 nakajrekepmem

gnay )BMTA( nisem nakub nisem haub 8 ,rakoJ nisem haub 4 :irad iridret

.telaP haub 2 nad soleK haub 2 ,kiaN horaK nisem haub 4 ,eloR neraK

kaga nupualaw gnabmekreb suret naahasurep nuhat ek nuhat iraD

tadnesret - iracnem halnakub naahasurep amatu naujut anerak ,tadnes

es nagnutnuek atam - .atam


16

gnaro kaynab ,3491 nuhat ratikes gnapeJ nahajajnep asam adaP - gnaro

adnaleB gnaro utas halaS .gnapeJ nakusap helo pakgnatid gnay adnaleB

naidumek nad pakgnatid uaileB .euS eoY redurB halada pakgnatid gnay

gnetneB id nahatid grebederV kaygoY euS eoY redurB aneraK .atra

redurB adap hilareb naidumek nanunetrep nanipmip akam ,pakgnatid

,gnapeJ helo nahatid nuhat amil haleteS .otnatraH ardnajT suitavreS

iagabes oroB ek ilabmek nad naksabebid naidumek euS eoY redurB

.airaM atnaS nanunetreP nanipmip euS eoY redurB aynilabmek kajnemeS

ini laH .tasep pukuc gnay nagnabmekrep imalagnem nanunetrep ,oroB ek

niased ,naklisahid gnay kudorp halmuj natakgninep nagned nakkujnutid

gnay narasamep haread aguj nad magareb nikames gnay nunet niak

.saul nikames

nad raseb hibel gnay gnudeg nakiridnem naahasurep ,0591 nuhat adaP

id gnudnilreb gnay nunet naahasurep iagabes isareporeb imser araces

satnipes ini nanunetrep id nanipmimepeK .ruhuL idugnaP nasayaY hawab

anipmip anerak ,nagnaroesrep naahasurep nagned pirim bawajgnuggatreb n

adap bawajgnuggnatreb nahawab nad naahasurep aynnalaj padahret hunep

adap halaynah nagnaroesrep naahasurep nagned aynnaadebreP .nanipmip

.nasayay adapek bawajgnuggnatreb surah hisam gnay nanipmip

nakiridnem euS eoY redurB ,1591 nuhaT kutnu nuneT halokeS

idajnem tapad aynitnan raga takaraysam igab nalipmartek nakirebmem

adap naidumeK .airaM atnaS nanunetreP igab lipmaret gnay ajrek aganet

hadnipid euS eoY redurB ,3591 nuhat nanipmip aggnihes naksagut


26

mohcaP redurB ek hilareb nanunetrep nanipmimepek asam adaP .suoe

pukuc nagned gnabmekreb nikames nanunetrep ,suoemohcaP redurB

haub aud nagned natalarep habmanem naahasurep ,0691 nuhat adaP .tasep

.eloR neraK nunet tala

tala habmanem nanunetrep ,7791 nuhat adaP - numan igal nunet tala

nep .aynmulebes nuhat nahabmanep nagned adebreb ini nuhat nahabma

nakapurem ini nunet tala nahabmanep anerak adebreb nakatakiD

malad aggnihes ,ruhuL idugnaP nasayaY kinkeT halokeS irad narepognep

ini narepogneP .ayaib nagnutihrep ada kadit ini tala nahabmanep idajret

naurujek halokes kutnu awhab ,hatniremep irad narutarep ada anerak

ukalreb uti laH .mumu hagnenem halokes nakidajid surah amatrep takgnit

nagned skelpmok utas aynisakol gnay kinkeT halokeS igab aguj

.naahasurep

tnagrep idajret ,5891 nuhat adaP redurB irad naahasurep nanipmip nai

,5991 nuhat adap naidumeK .suilecraM redurB adapek suoemohcaP

gnadnU nakpatenem hatniremep - gnay urab nakajaprep gnadnU

nasayaY irad irid naksapelem airaM atnaS nanunetreP naksurahgnem

nuhat kajes aggniheS .ruhuL idugnaP ikilimem nanunetrep 5991

nuhat adaP .CIF isagergnoK hawab id hisam numan iridnes nasurugnepek

.samohT redurB adapek nakharesid naahasurep nanipmimepek ,8991

naidumek 7002 nuhat iapmas naahasurep nipmimem samohT redurB

s aggnih surteP redurB helo nakitnagid .ini taa


36

.B naahasureP isakoL

naharuleK ,oroB haread id isakolreb airaM atnaS nanunetreP

hareaD ,ogorP noluK netapubaK ,gnawabilaK natamaceK ,irsarajnaB

04 x 52 saules hanat sata id nugnabid ini nanunetreP .atrakaygoY awemitsI

utas malad katelret ,retem :itupilem gnay naredurb skelpmok

.1 redurB araiB - CIF redurB

.2 airaM atnaS nahusA itnaP amarsA

.3 ruhuL idugnaP PMS

aparebeb nakgnabmitrepmem ini nanunetrep ,isakol nahilimep malaD

:tukireb iagabes nial aratna gnay lah

.1 ukab nahab natukgnagnep isatropsnarT pukuc idaj gnarab nupuam

gnay naaradnek aggnihes ayar nalaj nagned taked anerak racnal

.kusam raulek hadum tapad gnarab tukgnagnem

.2 gnay ajrek aganet kaynab aidesret nanunetrep nagnukgnil ratikesiD

gnihes harum fitaler gnay ajrek aganet ayaib nagned iadamem ag

.iskudorp ayaib nakenem tapad nanunetrep

.3 gnay aradu uhus isidnok iaynupmem nanunetrep ratikesid nagnukgniL

.sutup hadum kadit gnay gnaneb taubmem kutnu gnukudnem

.C naahasureP naujuT

iagabes nial aratna airaM atnaS nanunetreP aynnakiridid naujuT

kireb :tu

.1 aynratikes nad oroB takaraysam igab urab ajrek nagnapal nakatpicneM

.naruggnagnep halasam isatagnem malad atres tapad tuki aggnihes


46

.2 kana ,siranoisim igab gnadnas nahutubek ihunemeM - nahusa itnap kana

.oroB takaraysam nad

.3 araysam pudih farat naktakgnineM aynah kadit aggnihes oroB tak

.ajas nainatrep gnadib nakladnagnem

.4 kiab kudorp nakrasamem nagned anad nakgnabmegnem nad iracneM

.oroB haread raul ek nupuam malad ek

.D naladomreP

gnay ladom utaus nakhutubid halitsap ahasu haubes ialumem kutnU

.raseb pukuc iridnes ladom irad lasareb airaM atnaS nanunetreP ladoM

.ruhuL idugnaP nasayaY irad utiay

.E naahasureP isasinagrO rutkurtS

gnay naujut iapacnem kutnu sativitka nakukalem ulrep naahasureP

naahasurep ,aynahasu nataigek nakukalem malaD .nakpatetid halet

gnay nasorobmep naklubminem kadit aggnihes ajrek isneisife nakulremem

nusuynem ulrep naahasurep uti babes helO .naahasurep nakigurem

,gnanewew ,sagut salejrepmem kutnu anugreb gnay isasinagro rutkurts

ta irad isamrofni sura racnalrepmem atres bawajgnuggnat adapek nasa

.aynkilabes aguj nad nahawab

metsis nagned isasinagro rutkurts nakparenem airaM atnaS nanunetreP

gnanewew iaynupmem naigab alapek paites anamid gnusgnal hatnirep

nawayrak padahret hunep - .aynhawab id gnusgnal adareb gnay nawayrak


56

rabmaG naahasureP isasinagrO rutkurtS :1

gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP :rebmuS

CIF isagergnoK

naahasureP nanipmiP

naigaB

nakapegneP

naigaB

tihaJ

naigaB alapeK

gnaduG

naigaB alapeK

iskudorP

naigaB alapeK

isartsinimdA

naigaB

nuneT

naigaB

rikeS

naigaB

retneW

naigaB

latniP

naigaB

naukubmeP

naigaB

nalaujneP

naigaB

nailebmeP


66

gnisam gnanewew nad sagut nupadA - rutkurts malad naigab gnisam

:airaM atnaS nanunetreP adap tapadret gnay isasinagro

.1 CIF isagergnoK

CIF isagergnoK ,airaM atnaS nanunetreP isasinagro rutkurts malaD

nakapurem CIF isagergnoK .iggnit gnilap gnay isisop itapmenem

imalagnem naahasurep naahasurep alibapa naupmut nad gnudnilep

.naahasurep gnuggnatid tapad kadit gnay nahalasamrep

.2 nanipmiP naahasureP

irebid nad isagergnok helo gnusgnal hilipid naahasurep nanipmiP

nanipmiP .nahurulesek araces naahasurep alolegnem kutnu sagut

saguT .isagergnok adapek gnusgnal bawajgnuggnatreb ini naahasurep

p nusuynem :nial aratna naahasurep nanipmip irad mumu namode

,naahasurep naraggna nanusuynep igab rasad idajnem naka agnay

,iskudorp sesorp aynsusuhk nanunetrep kinket hurules askiremem

aguj naahasurep nanipmiP .narasamep nad ,isartsinimda

aguj nad naahasurep naujut nakutnenem kutnu bawajgnuggnatreb

treb kutnu iakapid naka gnay igetarts nakutnenem kutnu bawajgnuggna

.nakutnetid halet gnay naujut iapacnem


76

.3 isartsinimdA naigaB alapeK

bawajgnuggnat nad sagut ikilimem isartsinimda naigab alapeK

:tukireb iagabes

.a nay iskasnart/awitsirep hurules tatacneM nagned nagnubuhreb g

nakajibek naanaskalep nad anacner kusamret ,naahasurep nataigek

.naahasurep

.b .nanalub nataigek naropal nad natatac taubmeM

.c isisop nagned nagnubuhreb gnay naahasurep naraggna nusuyneM

.naahasurep nagnauek

.d ek naropal sata bawajgnuggnatreB naigab helo taubid gnay nagnau

.naukubmep

.e gnay gnau naraulegnep nad ,naamirenep ,naaideynep nakutneneM

.naahasurep nataigek nagned nagnubuhreb naka

.f .nailebmep nanasep amireneM

.g .nawayrak ijag ratfad taubmeM

.4 iskudorP naigaB alapeK

iskudorp naigab alapeK iagabes bawajgnuggnat nad sagut ikilimem

:tukireb

.a akij nisem ikiabrepmem nad iskudorp tala naracnalek arahilemeM

.nakasurek idajret

.b .iskudorpid naka gnay gnarab halmuj nad sinej nakanacnereM

.c nahab naiakammep satitnauk nad satilauk radnats nakutneneM

.ukab


86

.d itrepes kudorp nagnabmekrep padahret nakidileynep nakadagneM

satilauk ignarugnem apnat ukab nahab ayniakapid nanikgnumek

.kudorp

.e .nawayrak padahret nasawagnep nakukaleM

.f .nawayrak adapek sagut/naajrekep igabmeM

.g .nawayrak ratna kiab nagnubuh anibmeM

.5 alapeK gnaduG naigaB

iagabes bawajgnuggnat nad sagut ikilimem gnadug naigab alapeK

:tukireb

.a hagnetes gnarab ,ukab nahab kiab gnarab naaidesrep isawagneM

.idaj gnarab nupuam idaj

.b .iskudorp lisah napmiynem nad rukugneM

.c arab namirignep nakpaiynem nad gnutihgneM .gn

.d .gnarab naaidesrep halmuj nakropaleM

.e .iskudorp lisah gnarab isawagneM

.6 naukubmeP naigaB

kutnu bawajgnuggnat nad sagut iaynupmem naukubmep naigaB

hurules nakiaseleynem malad isartsinimda naigab utnabmem

.naahasurep isartsinimda

.7 nalaujneP naigaB

iagabes bawajgnuggnat nad sagut iaynupmem nalaujnep naigaB

:tukireb

.a .iskudorp lisah nalaujnep inayaleM


96

.b .gnarab namirignep nakukaleM

.c .nemusnok nolac adapek iskudorp lisah gnarab naklanegneM

.8 nailebmeP naigaB

kutnu nabijawek nad sagut iaynupmem nailebmep naigaB

gnay gnolonep nahab nad ukab nahab nailebmep nakukalem

.iskudorp sesorp nakukalem kutnu naahasurep nakhutubid

.9 tihaJ naigaB

:tukireb iagabes nabijawek nad sagut iaynupmem tihaj naigaB

.a k gnotomeM .ilebmep nahutubek nagned iauses nia

.b .gnotopid halet gnay niak ipet naigab tihajneM

.01 nakapegneP naigaB

iagabes bawajgnuggnat nad sagut ikilimem nakapegnep naigaB

:tukireb

.a niak kapegneM - .ilebmep adapek mirikid kutnu pais halet gnay niak

.b niak nakhareyneM .nalaujnep naigab ek kapid halet gnay

.11 retneW naigaB

:tukireb iagabes bawajgnuggnat nad sagut ikilimem retnew naigaB

.a .gnaneb suberem nad icucneM

.b naigab nanasep nagned iauses gnaneb raga tiropak irebmeM

.iskudorp

.c id iaseles halet gnay gnaneb rumejneM .retnew

.21 rikeS naigaB


07

kutnu bawajgnuggnat nad sagut ikilimem rikes naigaB

.rikes tubesid gnay tala haubes malad ek latnip gnaneb nakhadnimem

naka gnay niak fitom nakutnenem kutnu isgnufreb iridnes uti rikeS

.iskudorpid

.31 nuneT naigaB

:tukireb iagabes bawajgnuggnat nad sagut ikilimem nunet naigaB

.a nagned rikes naigab helo niasedid halet gnay gnaneb nuneneM

nagned rikes naigab irad taubid gnay fitom nakkococnem sesorp

.nunenem kutnu nakanugid gnay tala

.b y tala malad ek gnaneb gnasameM kucuN .kucun tubesid gna

.nug malad ek nunetid naka gnaneb anamid tala halada

.41 latniP naigaB

kutnu bawajgnuggnat nad sagut ikilimem latnip naigaB

nagned retnew naigab haloid halet gnay gnaneb gnuluggnem

.telap nad solek tubesid gnay tala nakanuggnem

.F eP ailanosr

halada ahasu utaus naknalajnem malad gnitnep rotkaf utas halaS

iskudorp nataigek akam ajrek aganet aynada apnaT .ajrek aganet aynada

iagabes airaM atnaS nanunetreP .ilakes amas nalajreb naka kadit

kab nahab halognem gnay rutkafunam naahasurep ,idaj gnarab idajnem u

.tubesret kudorp halognem kutnu ajrek aganet aynada nakhutubmem

tutnunem kadit naahasurep ,ajrek aganet naktapadnem kutnU

id amiretid tapad aguj rasaD halokeS nasuluL .nahibelreb gnay nataraysrep


17

aksatiroirpid nad ini nanunetrep iskelesid haleteS .nagnajub hisam gnay n

.ajrek tapmet id gnusgnal nahital irebid naka urab nawayrak ,amiretid nad

ini lah akam ,racnal nagned nalajreb tapad iskudorp nataigek ragA

ek anasaus halada nial aratna gnay rotkaf aparebeb helo gnukudid surah ajr

.nahawab nad nasata aratna kiab gnay nagnubuh aynada nad kiab gnay

nakatpicnem naka kiab gnay ajrek aganet naalolegnep naikimed nagneD

igab fitisop kapmad awabmem naka atres iggnit gnay sativitkudorp takgnit

.naahasurep

.1 ajreK aganeT

naS nanunetreP nawayrak nakajrekepmem ini taas iapmas airaM at

irad lasareb nawayrak raseb naigabes ripmaH .gnaro 27 kaynabes

nayawrak igabmem nanunetreP .nanunetrep ratikes takaraysam

.patet kadit nawayrak nad patet nawayrak utiay nagnolog aud idajnem

.a pateT nawayraK

gnay ajrek aganet halada patet nawayrak iagabes tubesid gnaY

K .nanunetrep patet aganet idajnem takgnaid halet nawayra patet

satilisaf nad kah iaynupmem - .nanunetrep nakirebid gnay satilisaf

satilisaf nad kaH - ijag halada nial aratna tubesret satilisaf kokop

nad ,irtsi nagnajnut ,ajrek aganet isnarusa ,nuisnep ,nalub paites

.kana nagnajnut

.b pateT kadiT nawayraK

gnay ajrek aganet nakapurem patet kadit nawayraK

.utnetret utkaw akgnaj malad aynah nanunetrep helo nakajrekepid


27

reb gnutihid hapu nairebmeP nawayrak irad iskudorp lisah nakrasad

patet nawayrak kutnu naijaggnep nagned adebreB .irahes malad

patet kadit nawayrak hapu kutnu ,nalub paites nakukalid gnay

.irah paites nakirebid

id ajrekeb gnay ajrek aganet halmuj naicnir halada ini tukireB

etreP :gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanun

)1 naahasureP nanipmiP gnaro 1 :

)2 iskudorP aigaB alapeK gnaro 1 :

)3 isartsinimdA naigaB alapeK gnaro 1 :

)4 gnaduG naigaB alapeK gnaro 1 :

)5 nailebmeP nad nalaujneP naigaB gnaro 2 :

)6 naukubmeP naigaB gnaro 2 :

)7 retneW naigaB : gnaro 6

)8 latniP naigaB gnaro 41 :

)9 rikeS naigaB gnaro 4 :

)01 nuneT naigaB gnaro 33 :

)11 tihaJ naigaB gnaro 3 :

)21 nakapegneP naigaB naro 4 : g

.2 nawayraK ajreK maJ

airaM atnaS nanunetreP ,aynsativitka naknalajnem malaD

:tukireb iagabes nawayrak ajrek maj narutarep nakpatenem

.a nineS – tamuJ 00.70 lukup : – BIW 00.41

.b utbaS 00.70 lukup : – BIW 00.31


37

.iskudorp nataigek nakukalem kadit naahasurep uggniM irah adaP

malaD .maj 14 halada uggnim utas malad nawayrak ajrek maj halmuJ

lukup irad tinem 03 amales taharitsi utkaw irebid nawayrak irah utas

.BIW 03.11 nagned iapmas BIW 00.11

.3 hapU nad ijaG metsiS

iraM atnaS nanunetreP helo nakparetid gnay naijaggnep metsiS a

:tukireb iagabes halada

.a nawayrak ,nanunetrep nanipmip adapek nakirebid nanalub ijaG

nawayrak ,gnadug naigab nawayrak ,isartsinimda/rotnak naigab

.iskudorp naigab alapek atres nailebmep nad nalaujnep naigab

.b ak adapek nakirebid gnay hapu halada nairah hapU naigab nawayr

adapek nakrayabid naka nad irahrep gnutihid ini hapU .iskudorp

.ilakes uggnimes iskudorp nawayrak

.c adapek nakirebid gnay nahabmat hapu nakapurem rubmel hapU

.rubmel idajret alibapa nawayrak

satilisaf nakirebmem aguj airaM atnaS nanunetreP - satilisaf nial

.nawayrak arap kutnu laisos nanimaj apureb gnay

:kutneb malad nakirebid tubesret laisos nanimaJ

.a ini isnarusa anamid ,nawayrak arap igab natahesek isnarusA

igab %05 rasebes nad nawayrak igab %001 rasebes nakirebid

snarusA .nawayrak agraulek ada alibapa nakirebid tapad ini i

.tikas hamur nupuam retkod irad isnatiuk


47

.b idajret alibapa nakirebid ketsA uata ajrek aganet isnarusA

aut irah nagnubat apureb aguj nad ,naitamek ,ajrek naakalecek

.nuhat 55 rumu haletes libmaid tapad gnay

.c wayrak kutnu sareB gk 3 @ kana kutnu ,gk 6 irtsi kutnu ,gk 01 na

laggnat paites nawayrak amiretid ini sareB .kana gnaro 3 lamiskam

.)nalub nahagnetrep( 51

.d .nuhat paites ajrek naiakap letes utaS

.e .ilakes nuhat aud paites nakanaskalid gnay terter nad isaerkeR

nanipmiP igab ajrek isavitom nakirebmem ulales naahasurep

.nawayrak takgnit iapacnem nawayrak raga halada aynnaujuT

nakirebmem aguj airaM atnaS nanunetreP .iggnit gnay sativitkudorp

:tukireb iagabes airetirk ihunemem gnay nawayrak adapek imerp

.a kadit( ajrekeb nijaR )rikgnam hanrep

.b iskudorp tegrat ihibeleM

.c sajreb/fitaerk /urab edi naumeneP a

.4 nawayraK naitnehrebmeP

hadus nawayrak alibapa nakukalid nawayrak naitnehrebmeP

kadit gnay hubut natahesek halasam anerak aguj nad tujnal aisureb

suret kutnu igal naknikgnumem .ajrekeb

anerak kokop gnilap gnay lah nakapurem nawayrak nataheseK

sesorp tabmahgnem naka kiab gnaruk gnay natahesek isidnok

naitnehrebmep aguj ada ,kisif isidnok anerak nialeS .naajrekep


57

nerak irid nakrudnugnem uata iridnes naatnimrep anerak nawayrak a

.utnetret nasala

.G iskudorP

.1 gnoloneP nahaB nad ukaB nahaB

karegreb gnay naahasurep haubes halada airaM atnaS nanunetreP

gnarab idajnem hatnem gnarab halognem gnay rutkafunam gnadibid

airaM atnaS nanunetreP ,aynahasu nataigek naknalajnem malaD .idaj

m mad niak ,magares niak naklisahgne - ,kudnah ,tumiles ,tebres ,namad

.gnuras niak nad ,rusak niak ,ierps niak ,lep niak

nahab nakhutubmem tubesret kudorp taubmem malad naahasureP

nahab nupadA .gnolonep nahab aguj nad ukab - nakulrepid gnay nahab

orp malad :tukireb iagabes halada iskudorp ses

.a ukab nahaB

nakanuggnem airaM atnaS nanunetreP ,iskudorp nakukalem malaD

nunet gnaneb nad s/02 naruku nunet gnaneb apureb ukab nahab

.s/04 naruku

.b gnolonep nahaB

aguj airaM atnaS nanunetreP ,sata id ukab nialeS nakhutubmem

gnay gnolonep nahaB .iskudorp sesorp malad gnolonep nahab

:nial aratna nakanugid

)1 )anrawep( retneW

)2 rakab nahaB

)3 ( ORT naturaL liO deR yekruT )


67

)4 tiropaK

)5 ijnaK

.2 iskudorP sesorP

aparebeb iulalem airaM atnaS nanunetreP adap iskudorp sesorP

s ,pahat :tukireb iagabe

.a nahitumep pahaT

atnaS nanunetreP id iskudorp sesorp malad amatrep pahaT

id gnusgnalreb nahitumep pahaT .nahitumep pahat halada airaM

hibel gnaruk ORT natural malad madnerid gnaneb aynlawA .rupad

s isgnufreb ini naturaL .tinem 51 amales gnay samulep iagabe

.gnaneb naigab hurules adap atar idajnem anrawep taz taubmem

.icucid gnaneb naidumek ,ORT natural malad madnerid haleteS

.gnaneb adap anraw irebmem halada ayntujnales hakgnaL

erid gnaneb akam ,hitup anraw taubid naka gnaneb alibapA madn

taubid naka gnaneb alibapa numaN .hitumep natural malad

)retnew( anrawep natural malad madnerid gnaneb akam ,anrawreb

gnaneb uti haleteS .naknigniid gnay anraw nagned iauses

nad tauk idajnem gnaneb raga ijnak natural malad nakkusamid

esorp malad hadum .ayniskudorp s

gnaneB .nagniregnep halada ini pahat malad rihkaret sesorP

nakgnirekid naidumek ijnak natural malad madnerid hadus gnay

gnadug malad ek nakkusamid ayntujnales nad irahatam sanap adap

.ukab nahab


77

.b nanunenep napaisrep pahaT

rp mulebeS nakpaisrepid surah ulud hibelret ,nanunenep seso

aud nakhutubmem niak nanuneneP .iakapid naka gnay gnaneb

nakap gnaneB .isul gnaneb nad nakap gnaneb utiay gnaneb sinej

gnaneb nakgnadeS .gnatnilem aynisisop gnay gnaneb nakapurem

.rujubmem aynisisop isul

)1 nakap gnaneB

.telap tubesid gnay tala utaus adap gnulugid nakap gnaneB

nagned kutnebid telap adap nakap gnaneb nagnuluggneP

malad ek nakkusamid tapad aggnihes apur naikimedes naruku

nagned umetreb naka itnan aynnarilig adap nad gnoporet

ap isul gnaneb .nunet tala ad

)2 isul gnaneB

nad rujubmem isisopreb gnay gnaneb halada isul gnaneB

hakgnal nupadA .solek tubesid gnay tala malad ek nakkusamid -

iagabes halada isul gnaneb nakpaisremem malad hakgnal

:tukireb

)a naneb nagnuluG .solek adap gnulugid isul gnaneB ini g

taubid gnay rednilis kutnebreb ,solek gnaneb tubesid

.aynhagnet naigab adap rasebmem

)b halada ayntujnales sesorp ,iaseles solek gnaneb haleteS

nelomreks duskamid gnaY .nelomreks uata inahgnem

rednilis malad ek solek gnaneb nagnuluggnep sesorp halada


87

ah nakrasadreb nunet alop taubid tapad aggnihes in

.gnaneb anraw nad nataparek

)c ,inah moob ek nakhadnipid ayntujnales inah nagnuluG

naigab nakapurem gnay raseb rednilis kutnebreb tala utiay

.nunet tala irad

)d mooB .nakucucnep nakukalem halada ayntujnales hakgnaL

tala adap gnasapid tubesret gnaneb isireb hadus gnay isul

isul moob irad gnaneb ialeh paites gnujU .nunet

gnasapid nug adaP .nug tubesid gnay tala adap nakkusamid

narajaj paites anamid magol narajaj apureb gnay risis

sesorP .gnaneb satu aud helo itawelid sesorp tubesid ini

nunet nisem sinej nakutnenem kutnu sesorp utiay rikes

gnay niak rabel nakutnenem kutnu nad iakapid naka gnay

.naknigniid

.c nanunenep pahaT

halada ayntujnales ,nakukalid iaseles napaisrep aumes haleteS

akgnaL .nanunenep sesorp ialumem h- iagabes halada aynhakgnal

:tukireb

)1 gnulugret gnay nakap gnaneb nagned nakgnalisid isul gnaneB

telap adap - .gnoporet malad id telap

)2 tapadret naka akam ,pahat utas nakkaregid nunet isem akiJ

gnay gnoporet ayntujnaleS .isul gnaneb narajaj aratna halec

isiret tubesret halec aratnaid nakkusamid nakap gnaneb gnaneb


97

ada anerak karegreb ini gnoporeT .gnatnilem isisop nagned

naigab adap katelret gnay gnorodnep tala utaus irad nagnorod

.nunet nisem gnipmas

)3 esorp akam ,surenem suret araces nakkaregid nunet nisem akiJ s

gnalureb idajret naka aguj gnoporet nakabmenep - narajaJ .gnalu

nahalrep araces isul gnaneb irad - nikames karegreb naka nahal

gnaneb nad isul gnaneb nagnaliynep sesorp iraD .gnajnamem

.nunet niak naklisahid naka tubesret nakap

.d pahaT gnihsinif

haleteS naigab adap nakharesid aynlisah ,iaseles nanunenep

niak ayntujnaleS .kudorp radnats nagned nakkococid nad gnadug

kadit gnaneb raga natiajnep nakukalid nad radnats iauses gnotopid

hadus tubesret niak akam ,iaseles hadus ini sesorp alibapA .sapel

p nakapurem .nakrasapid kutnu pais nad idaj kudor


08

iskudorP sesorP :2 rabmaG

gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP :rebmuS

gnaneB

nakaP

gnaneB

isuL

rupaD kaB

madnereP

kaB

gniregneP

soleK inaH mooB

isuL

telaP

kucuC

nuneT

gnihsiniF


18

.H narasameP

hakapa ialinem kutnu icnuk atak utas halas nakapurem narasameP

.kadit uata lisahreb naahasurep utaus helo nakukalid gnay ahasu nataigek

naanaskalep adap gnutnagret naahasurep utaus ahasu nalisahrebeK

kudorp irad narasamep - p helo naklisahid gnay kudorp .tubesret naahasure

.1 isubirtsiD narulaS

airaM atnaS nanunetreP ,aynkudorp nakrasamem malaD

narulas duskamid gnaY .kednep isubirtsid narulas nakanuggnem

nakrasamem gnusgnal naahasurep utiay inisid kednep isubirtsid

lalem apnat nemusnok adapek aynkudorp ini laH .aratnarep iu

arap aynasaib nad satabret aynnemusnok anerak nakukalid

atnaS nanunetreP irad patet naggnalep nakapurem aynnemusnok

.airaM

.2 airaM atnaS nanunetreP nakukaliD gnay isomorP

tapad raga naahasurep nakukalid tapad gnay arac utas halaS

m gnay arac utas halaS .isomorp nagned halada nalaujnep naktakgnine

nakisomorpmem kutnu airaM atnaS nanunetreP helo nakanugid

kudorp - ( akum patat edotem nagned halada aynkudorp lanosrep

gnilles ibolem nad ignatadnem arac nagned nakukalid ini edoteM .)

ep nolac .naagraulekek natakednep nagned naggnal

nakanuggnem aguj naahasurep ,akum patat edotem nagned nialeS

aguj nad rusorb nakrabeynem itrepes aynnial isomorp edotem

naremap itukignem - nemusnok nolac raga nakukalid ini araC .naremap


28

kudorp lanegnem tapad - rp araP .naahasurep helo naklisahid gnay kudo

tagnas aguj aisenodnI hayaliw hurulesid rabesret gnay siranoisim

kudorp nakisomorpmem malad narepreb - naklisahid gnay kudorp

.airaM atnaS nanunetreP

.3 narasameP hareaD

lem airaM atnaS nanunetreP narasamep hareaD hurules ripmah itupi

:irad iridret gnay aisenodnI hayaliw

.a awaJ ualuP

gnay atok aparebeb pukacnem awaJ ualup id narasamep tegraT

,atrakaJ ,rogoB ,gnudnaB ,atrakaygoY halada nial aratna

.gnutipsakgnaR ,gnarameS

.b aretamuS ualuP

ualup id narasamep hareaD ,nadeM halada nial aratna aretamuS

.gnupmaL nad ,gnadnaP gnujU ,gnabmelaP

.c natnamilaK ualuP

id aynah aynnarasamep haread ini taas ,natnamilaK ualup kutnU

.nisamrajnaB nad gnapateK

.d isewaluS ualuP

eraP halada nial aratna isewaluS ualup kutnu narasamep hareaD -

.rasakaM nad ,odanaM ,eraP

.e ilaB ualuP

.rasapneD id halada ilaB ualup kutnu narasamep hareaD


38

V BAB

NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA

.A ataD ispirkseD

tapad gnay tala utas halas nakapurem iskudorp ayaib naraggnA

uti iskudorp ayaiB .iskudorp ayaib nakiladnegnem kutnu nakanugid

naahasurep ,aynahasu naknalajnem malad raga nakiladnekid ulrep iridnes

net ini lah nial atak nagneD .naigurek imalagnem kadit tapad ajas ut

.aynpudih nagnusgnalek naknahatrepmem malad naahasurep utnabmem

airaM atnaS nanunetreP ,aynahasu nataigek naknalajnem malaD

rudesorP .iskudorp ayaib naraggna nanusuynep rudesorp iaynupmem

unetreP helo nakparetid gnay iskudorp ayaib nanusuynep airaM atnaS nan

iagabes halada nial aratna gnay pahat aparebeb itupilem gnawabilaK

:tukireb

.1 nalaujneP nalamaR taubmeM

atnaS nanunetreP ,0102 nuhat nalaujnep nalamar taubmem malaD

nakanuggnem airaM atad ataD .aynmulebes nuhat nalaujnep - gnay atad

anugid atad halada nak - 5002 nuhat irad nalaujnep atad - .9002


48

nuhat irad airaM atnaS nanunetreP nalaujnep atad halada ini tukireB

5002 - :9002

5002 nuhaT tumileS nalaujneP ataD .1 lebaT - 9002

nuhaT )retem( nalaujneP

5002 063.6 6002 193.6 7002 939.9 8002 132.01 9002 984.31

airaM atnaS nanunetreP ataD :rebmuS

airaM atnaS nanunetreP ,nalaujnep nalamar nataubmep malaD

edotem nakanuggnem gnawabilaK .erauqs tsael atnaS nanunetreP

0102 nuhat kutnu nalaujnep nalamar taubmem gnawabilaK airaM

nakanuggnem nagned atad ini tukireB .aynmulebes nuhat 5 nalaujnep

:0102 nuhat nalaujnep nalamar kutnu nagnutihrep halada

tumileS nalaujneP nalamaR nagnutihreP .2 lebaT gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP

ataD :rebmuS airaM atnaS nanunetreP

nuhaT nalaujneP

)Y( X X2 YX 5002 6. 063 -2 4 - 02721 6002 6. 193 -1 1 - 1936 7002 9. 939 0 0 0 8002 01 . 132 1 1 13201 9002 31 . 984 2 4 97962 latoT 64 . 014 0 01 00181


58

nalaujnep nalamar nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid gnay naamasreP

:tukireb iagabes halada 0102 nuhat

Xb + a = Y

𝑎 = ∑Yn

= 014645

282.9 =

𝑏 = ∑ YX∑X2 = 00181

01 018.1 =

akgna nakkusam atik naidumek ,sataid nagnutihrep lisah iraD -

halada aynlisaH .nalaujnep nalamar sumur maladek tubesret akgna

:tukireb iagabes

Xb + a = Y

)3( 018.1 + 282.9 = Y

034.5 + 282.9 = Y

41 = Y 217.

edotem nagned nagnutihrep nakukalid haleteS erauqs tsael akam ,

rasebes halada 0102 nuhat kutnu tumiles nalaujnep tegrat helorepid

.retem 217.41

nuhat nanalub nalaujnep nalamar gnutihgnem kutnu naidumeK

nanalub nalaujnep atad nakanugid ,0102 iapmas 5002 nuhat amales

.9002 nuhat nagned


68

atad halada ini tukireB - 5002 nuhat kutnu nanalub nalaujnep atad

:9002 nuhat nagned iapmas

atnaS nanunetreP tumileS nanaluB nalaujneP ataD .3 lebaT5002 nuhaT airaM - 9002

naluB nuhaT 5002 6002 7002 8002 9002

iraunaJ 816 137 737 668 1. 828 iraurbeF 764 868 1. 600 327 1. 326

teraM 618 406 1. 851 124 1. 883 lirpA 629 343 379 7911 509

ieM 693 893 1. 644 475 1. 025 inuJ 615 847 1. 911 156 1. 430 iluJ 604 855 166 355 237

sutsugA 594 843 026 1. 731 1. 833 rebmetpeS 235 243 976 767 1. 454

rebotkO 366 094 774 107 326 rebmevoN 042 847 554 1. 902 225 rebmeseD 582 312 306 1. 234 225

halmuJ 6. 063 6. 193 9. 939 01 . 132 31 . 984 airaM atnaS nanunetreP ataD :rebmuS

nuhat amil nanalub nalaujnep atad iuhategnem atik haleteS

nanalub nalaujnep nalamar gnutihid ayntujnales akam ,aynmulebes

nuhat nanalub nalaujnep nalamar nagnutihgnep malaD .0102 nuhat

aynraseb iracnem kutnu misum skedni nagnutihrep nakanugid ,0102

ar .nanalub nalaujnep nalam


78

.4 lebaT nuhaT misuM skednI nagnutihreP 0102 naluB nalaujneP ataR -

atar)Y(

X YX X2 dnerT isairaVmisuM

skednImisuM 5002 6002 7002 8002 9002

1 736 057 506 798 9681 6,159 - 11 - 86401 121 0 6,159 9099,0 2 684 788 478 558 4661 2,359 -9 - 8,8758 18 - 67,43 69,789 7820,1 3 538 326 6201 254 9241 378 -7 - 1116 94 - 25,96 25,249 4189,0 4 549 263 148 8221 649 4,468 -5 - 2234 52 - 82,401 86,869 6800,1 5 514 714 4131 506 1651 4,268 -3 - 2,7852 9 - 40,931 44,1001 8240,1 6 535 767 789 286 5701 2,908 -1 - 2,908 1 - 8,371 389 6320,1 7 524 775 925 485 377 6,775 1 6,775 1 - 65,802 61,687 6818,0 8 415 763 884 8611 9731 2,387 3 6,9432 9 - 23,342 25,6201 9860,1 9 155 163 745 897 5941 4,057 5 2573 52 - 80,872 84,8201 9070,1 01 286 905 543 237 466 4,685 7 8,4014 94 - 48,213 42,998 3639,0 11 952 767 323 0421 365 4,036 9 6,3765 18 - 6,743 879 3810,1 21 803 732 074 4631 465 6,885 11 6,4746 121 - 63,283 69,079 0110,1 halmuJ 2956 4266 9438 50601 28931 4,0329 - 6,3499 275 6,42511



88

nagnutihrep ianegnem naksalejid ini tukireB - lebat malad nagnutihrep

:sataid

.a atar gnutihgnem araC - nagned halada )Y( uata nanalub atar

5002 nuhat irad nalaujnep nakhalmujnem - naidumek nad 9002

at halmuj nagned aynigabmem halada aynnagnutihreP .nuh

:tukireb iagabes

iraunaJ = 816 + 137 + 737 + 668 + 82815

659 =

iraurbeF = 764 + 868 + 6001 + 327 + 32615

739 =

teraM = 618 + 406 + 8511 + 124 + 88315

778 =

lirpA = 629 + 343 + 379 + 7911 + 5095

968 =

ieM = 693 + 893 + 6441 + 475 + 02515

768 =

inuJ = 615 + 847 + 9111 + 156 + 43015

418 =

iluJ = 604 + 855 + 166 + 355 + 2375

285 =

sutsugA = 594 + 843 + 026 + 7311 + 83315

887 =

rebmetpeS = 235 + 243 + 976 + 767 + 45415

557 =

rebotkO = 366 + 094 + 774 + 107 + 3265

195 =

rebmevoN = 042 + 847 + 554 + 9021 + 2255

536 =

rebmeseD = 582 + 312 + 306 + 2341 + 2255

225 =


98

.b nagnutihrep tapadret aguj lebat malaD dnert ,nanalub dnert ini

nahabmatrep iuhategnem kutnu nakanugid dnert paites kutnu

gnutihgnem kutnu nakanugid gnay naamasreP .aynnalub dnert

:tukireb iagabes halada ini

= b ∑ YX∑X2

= − 3659 ,8275

= - 27,61

nahabmatrep gnutihgnem kutnU dnert b akam ,nalub utas

halada b nakanerakid ini laH .aud nakilak atik surah

nahabmatrep dnert aynraseb aggniheS .nalub hagnetes kutnu

nahabmatrep dnert x 2 halada nalub utas kutnu - = 27,61 - .44,33

trep iraunaJ nalub adaP nahabma dnert lon uata gnosok ayn

nahabmatrep ada kadit itrareb gnay dnert nalub irad

nahabmatrep aynada kadiT .aynmulebes dnert nakanerakid ini

halada ini tukireB .rasad nalub iagabes paggnaid iraunaJ nalub

nahabmatrep nagnutihrep dnert nalub paites kutnu :ayn

iraunaJ = - 0 x 44,33 0 =

iraurbeF = - 1 x 44,33 = - 44,33

teraM = - 2 x 44,33 = - 88,66

lirpA = - 3 x 44,33 = - 23,001

ieM = - 4 x 44,33 = - 67,331

inuJ = - 5 x 44,33 = - 02,761

iluJ = - 6 x 44,33 = - 46,002


09

sutsugA = - 7 x 44,33 = - 80,432

rebmetpeS = - 8 x 44,33 = - 25,762

rebotkO = - 9 x 44,33 = - 69,003

rebmevoN = - 01 x 44,33 = - 04,433

rebmeseD = - 11 x 44,33 = - 48,763

.c nahabmatrep haleteS dnert akam ,gnutihid iaseles nanalub

isairaV .misum isairav iracnem halada ayntujnales hakgnal

atar nalaujnep nakgnarugnem arac nagned gnutihid misum - atar

nahabmatrep nagned dnert nagnutihrep halada ini tukireB .

:aynnalub paites kutnu misum isairav

iraunaJ 9 = 65 – 0 659 =

iraurbeF 739 = – (- )44,33 48,079 =

teraM 778 = – (- )88,66 82,449 =

lirpA 968 = – (- )23,001 21,969 =

ieM 768 = – (- )67,331 65,000.1 =

inuJ 418 = – (- )02,761 08,089 =

iluJ 285 = – (- )46,002 46,287 =

sutsugA 887 = – (- )80,432 86,120.1 =

rebmetpeS 557 = – (- )25,762 23,220.1 =

rebotkO 195 = – (- )69,003 67,198 =

rebmevoN 536 = – (- )04,433 02,969 =

rebmeseD 116 = – (- )48,763 48,879 =


19

.d skednI .misum skedni alup gnutihid lebat rihkaret molok adaP

misum isairav igabmem arac nagned gnutihid tapad ini misum

atar nagned - mulebeS .aynnalub pait misum isairav atar

atar ialin gnutih atik ulud hibelret ,misum skedni nakutnenem -

p misum isairav atar atar ialiN .aynnalub re - misum isairav atar

isairav halmuj igabmem arac nagned gnutihid aynnalub rep

.nuhat utas malad nalub halmuj nagned nuhat utas misum

atar ialin helorepid naka aggniheS - nalub rep misum isairav atar

:rasebes 8841121

.43,759 =

leteS atar ialin ha - akam ,iuhatekid nalub rep misum atar

halada ini tukireB .misum skedni gnutihid tapad ayntujnales

:misum skedni kutnu nagnutihrep

iraunaJ )43,759 : 659( = %001 x %90,99 =

iraurbeF )43,759 : 48,079( = %001 x %78,201 =

teraM )43,759 : 82,449( = %001 x %41,89 =

lirpA )43,759 : 21,969( = %001 x %68,001 =

ieM )43,759 : 65,000.1( = %001 x %82 ,401 =

inuJ )43,759 : 08,089 ( = %001 x %63,201 =

iluJ )43,759 : 46,287 ( = %001 x %68,18 =

sutsugA )43,759 : 86,120.1 ( = %001 x %98,601 =

rebmetpeS 220.1 ( = )43,759 : 23, %001 x %90,701 =


29

rebotkO )43,759 :67,198 ( = %001 x %36,39 =

rebmevoN )43,759 : 02,969 ( = %001 x %38,101 =

rebmeseD )43,759 : 48,879 ( = %001 x %01,101 =

hakgnal akam ,iuhatekid hadus nanalub misum skedni alibapA

em halada ayntujnales nuhat kutnu nanalub nalaujnep nalamar iracn

arac nagned iracid tapad ini nanalub nalaujnep nalamaR .0102

21 igabid halet gnay nanuhat nalaujnep nalamar nakilagnem

halada ini tukireB .aynnalub paites misum skedni nagned

nanalub nalaujnep nalamar nagnutihrep :0102 nuhat kutnu

iraunaJ 41( = . %90,99 x )21: 217 1 = . 48,412

iraurbeF 41( = . %78,201 x )21: 217 1 = . 91,162

teraM 41 ( = . %41,89 x )21:217 1 = . 02,302

lirpA 41 ( = . %68,001 x )21:217 1 = . 45,632

ieM 41 ( = . %82,401 x )21:217 1 = . 74,872

inuJ 41 ( = . )21:217 %63,201 x 1 = . 39,452

iluJ 41 ( = . %68,18 x )21:217 1 = . 06,300

sutsugA 41 ( = . %98,601 x )21:217 1 = . 74,013

rebmetpeS 41 ( = . %90,701 x )21:217 1 = . 29,213

rebotkO 41 ( = . %36,39 x )21:217 1 = . 09,741

rebmevoN 41 ( = . %38,101 x )21:217 1 = . 44,842

rebmeseD 41 ( = . %01,101 x )21:217 1 = . 94,932

malad nususid ayntujnales 0102 nuhat nanalub nalaujnep nalamaR

.imahapid hadum hibel tapad raga lebat


39

airaM atnaS nanunetreP tumileS nalaujneP nalamaR .5 lebaT0102 nuhaT gnawabilaK

naluB )retem( nalaujneP

iraunaJ 48,412.1 iraurbeF 91,162.1

teraM 02,302.1 lirpA 45,632.1

ieM 74,872.1 inuJ 39,452.1 iluJ 06,300.1

sutsugA 74,013.1 rebmetpeS 29,213.1

rebotkO 09,741.1 rebmevoN 44,842.1 rebmeseD 94,932.1

halmuJ 2174.1 airaM atnaS nanunetreP ataD : rebmuS

.2 taubmeM iskudoP anacneR

nanunetreP lawa naaidesrep aynraseb ,helorepid gnay atad iraD

halada aynrihka naaidesrep nad retem 861 rasebes halada airaM atnaS

.retem 801 kutnu iskudorp anacner nagnutihrep halada ini tukireB

anunetreP naklisahid gnay tumiles kudorp :gnawabilaK airaM atnaS n

)retem( nalaujnep naraggnA 217.41

naknigniid gnay iaseles kudorp rihka naaidesrep tinU 801 +

nakulrepid gnay kudorp tinU 028.41

iaseles kudorp lawa naaidesrep tinU 861 -

)retem( iskudorp naraggnA 256.41

awhab iuhatekid tapad ,sataid nagnutihrep lisah irad tahilid alibapA

iaynupmem gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP 0102 nuhat adap

rasebes iskudorp anacner 256.41 retem adap nakgnadeS .


49

0102 nuhat adap gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP ,aynnaataynek

pmem kaynabes tumiles iskudor 077.41 .retem

airaM atnaS nanunetreP tumileS iskudorP anacneR .6 lebaT0102 nuhaT gnawabilaK

naluB )retem( iskudorP

iraunaJ 48,612.1 iraurbeF 122.1

teraM 122.1 lirpA 122.1

ieM 122.1 inuJ 122.1 iluJ 39,231.1

sutsugA 74,013.1 rebmetpeS 122.1

rebotkO 122.1 rebmevoN 122.1 rebmeseD 57,322.1

halmuJ 256.41 airaM atnaS nanunetreP ataD : rebmuS

.3 iskudorP ayaiB naraggnA

iskudorp naraggna haletes nususid ini iskudorp ayaib naraggnA

naraggna :itupilem iridnes uti iskudorp ayaib naraggnA .taubid iaseles

aguj nad ,gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib naraggna ,ukab nahab ayaib

ayaib naraggna daehrevo rah tubesret naraggnA .kirbap kutnu taubid su

.iskudorp ayaib nahurulesek nagnutihrep malad hadumrepmem

.a ukaB nahaB ayaiB naraggnA

helo nakanugid gnay ukab nahab ,tumiles iskudorpmem malaD

kutnU .s/02 naruku gnaneb halada airaM atnaS nanunetreP

bid tumiles retem utas iskudorpmem s/02 gnaneb nakhutu

.gk 4,0 kaynabes


59

retem kutnu ukab nahab naanuggnep naicnir halada ini tukireB

:tumiles

lakitrev / gnitteK gk 81,0

latnoziroh / galsnI gk 61,0

anraw gnitteK 60,0 gk

halmuJ gk 4,0

tumiles ukab nahab nahutubek naraggna iuhategnem kutnU

:tukireb lebat adap tahilem tapad atik akam ,0102 nuhat adap

tumileS ukaB nahaB nahutubeK naraggnA .7 lebaT0102 nuhaT gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP

naluB iskudorP

)retem( nahaB

)gk( m/ukab nahutubek latoT

)gk( ukab nahab iraunaJ 48,612.1 4,0 47,684 iraurbeF 122.1 4,0 04,884

teraM 122.1 4,0 04,884 lirpA 122.1 4,0 04,884

ieM 122.1 4,0 04,884 inuJ 122.1 4,0 04,884 iluJ 39,231.1 4,0 71,354

sutsugA 74,013.1 4,0 91,425 rebmetpeS 122.1 4,0 04,884

rebotkO 122.1 4,0 04,884 rebmevoN 122.1 4,0 04,884 rebmeseD 57,322.1 4,0 05,984

halmuJ 256.41 08,0685 airaM atnaS nanunetreP ataD : rebmuS

adap awhab iuhategnem tapad atik ,sataid lebat tahilem haleteS

nakhutubmem gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP 0102 nuhat

kaynabes ukab nahab 5. 08,068 gk iskudorpmem kutnu tumiles

256.41 kaynabes .retem airaM atnaS nanunetreP ,0102 nuhat adaP

rasebes ukab nahab lawa naaidesrep iaynupmem gnawabilaK 80,52


69

rasebes rihka naaidesrep nad gk 86,71 atad aynada nagneD .gk

ukab nahab nahutubek naraggna gnutih atik tapad akam tubesret

.airaM atnaS nanunetreP

kutnU aynukab nahab nailebmep naraggna aynraseb iuhategnem

:tukireb iagabes arac nagned gnutihid tapad

iskudorp ukab nahab nahutubeK 5. 08,068 gk

0102 nuhat ukab nahab rihka naaidesreP 86,71 gk +

ukab nahab nahutubek latoT 84,878.5 gk

reP lawa naaides 0102 nuhat ukab nahab 80,52 gk -

ukab nahab nailebmep halmuJ 358.5 4, gk

gk/00,000.52 pR : gk/gnaneb ukab nahab agraH

: gnaneb ukab nahab nailebmep naraggnA

358.5 4, gk x = gk/00,000.52 pR 00,000.533.641 pR


79

nanunetreP tumileS ukaB nahaB nailebmeP naraggnA .8 lebaT 0102 nuhaT gnawabilaK airaM atnaS

naluB nahutubeK

BB .dsreP

rihka nahutubeK

aratnemes .dsreP

lawa

nailebmeP

tinU agraH halmuJ

)pR( 1 47,684 5,1 42,884 80,52 61,364 000.52 11 . 975 . 000 2 4,884 84,1 88,984 5,1 83,884 000.52 21 . 902 . 005 3 4,884 54,1 58,984 84,1 73,884 000.52 21 . 902 . 052 4 4,884 5,1 09,984 54,1 54,884 000.52 21 . 112 . 052 5 4,884 25,1 29,984 5,1 24,884 000.52 21 . 012 . 005 6 4,884 83,1 87,984 25,1 62,884 000.52 21 . 602 . 005 7 71,354 54,1 26,454 83,1 42,354 000.52 11 . 133 . 000 8 91,425 6,1 97,525 54,1 43,425 000.52 31 . 801 . 005 9 4,884 5,1 09,984 6,1 03,884 000.52 21 . 702 . 005 01 4,884 53,1 57,984 5,1 52,884 000.52 21 . 602 . 052 11 4,884 5,1 09,984 53,1 55,884 000.52 21 . 312 . 057 21 5,984 86,71 81,705 5,1 86,505 000.52 21 . 246 . 000

halmuJ 5. 8,068 17,498.5 641 . 533 . 000 airaM atnaS nanunetreP ataD : rebmuS

nakanacnerem ukab nahab nahutubek naraggna malad akiJ

akam ,iskudorp sesorp kutnu nakhutubid gnay ukab nahab halmuj

ayaib halmuj nakanacnerem ukab nahab ayaib naraggna malad

naraggnA .iskudorp sesorp kutnu nakulrepid gnay ukab nahab

d ukab nahab ayaib gnatnet anacner iagabes nakitraid aguj tapa

iskudorp sesorp kutnu nakulrepid gnay ukab nahab ayaib aynraseb

ayaib nagnutihrep halada ini tukireB .gnatad naka gnay asamid

:0102 nuhat kutnu airaM atnaS nanunetrep ukab nahab


89

nahaB ayaiB naraggnA .9 lebaT iakapiD sibaH gnay ukaB kutnu( 0102 nuhaT airaM atnaS nanunetreP

)tumileS kudorP

naluB nahutubek latoT)gk( ukab nahab

agraH BB

)GK/pR(

)pR( BB ayaiB

iraunaJ 47,684 000.52 21 . 861 . 005 iraurbeF 4,884 000.52 21 . 012 . 000

teraM 4,884 000.52 21 . 012 . 000 lirpA 4,884 000.52 21 . 012 . 000

ieM 4,884 000.52 21 . 012 . 000 inuJ 4,884 000.52 21 . 012 . 000 iluJ 71,354 000.52 11 . 923 . 052

sutsugA 91,425 000.52 31 . 401 . 057 rebmetpeS 4,884 000.52 21 . 012 . 000

rebotkO 4,884 000.52 21 . 012 . 000 rebmevoN 4,884 000.52 21 . 012 . 000 rebmeseD 5,984 000.52 21 . 732 . 005

halmuJ 8,0685 641 . 025 . 000 airaM atnaS nanunetreP ataD :rebmuS

.b gnusgnaL ajreK aganeT ayaiB naraggnA

nanunetreP helo nakpatetid gnay nawayrak naijaggnep metsiS

tinu paites iskudorp lisah adap nakrasadid gnawabilaK airaM atnaS

gnay gnusgnal ajrek maj paites kutnu hapu firat radnatS .maj rep

halada gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP helo nakirebid

.LKJ/00,005.1 pR

retem utas iskudorpmem kutnu gnusgnal ajrek maj radnatS

nagned helorepid ini radnatS .maj 7,0 halada aynirah paites tumiles

atar igabmem arac - ajrek maj nagned irah rep iskudorp atar

ataR .aynirah rep nawayrak gnusgnal - kudorp atar kutnu tumiles is

nakgnades ,irah rep retem 01 ratikes hibel gnaruk nawayrak paites


99

.maj 7 halada aynirah paites nawayrak ajrek maj halada ini tukireB

airaM atnaS nanunetreP gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib nagnutihrep

:gnawabilaK

01 lebaT aganeT ayaiB naraggnA . kutnu( gnusgnaL ajreK airaM atnaS nanunetreP )tumileS kudorP

0102 nuhaT gnawabilaK

naluB iskudorP)m(

m/LKJ LKJ latoT LKJ/firaT naraggnALKTB

iraunaJ 48,612.1 7,0 887,158 005.1pR 286.772.1pR

iraurbeF 122.1 7,0 7,458 005.1 050.282.1

teraM 122.1 7,0 7,458 005.1 050.282.1

lirpA 122.1 7,0 7,458 005.1 050.282.1

ieM 122.1 7,0 7,458 005.1 050.282.1

inuJ 122.1 7,0 7,458 005.1 050.282.1

iluJ 39,231.1 7,0 150,397 005.1 775.981.1

sutsugA 74,013.1 7,0 923,719 005.1 499.573.1

rebmetpeS 122.1 7,0 7,458 005.1 050.282.1

rebotkO 122.1 7,0 7,458 005.1 050.282.1

rebmevoN 122.1 7,0 7,458 005.1 050.282.1

rebmeseD 57,322.1 7,0 526,658 005.1pR 839.482.1

halmuJ 256.41 01 . 393,652 095.483.51pR


.c ayaiB naraggnA daehrevO kirbaP

ayaib firat gnutihgnem kutnU daehrevo kudorp kutnu kirbap

kudorp hurules naraggna igabmem surah atik akam ,tumiles

aynlisah naidumek uti haleteS .tumiles iskudorp naraggna nagned

ayaib naraggna nagned nakilakid daehrevo nuhat kutnu kirbap

.natukgnasreb gnay


001

11 lebaT ayaiB naraggnA . daehrevO aumes kutnu( kirbaP gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP )kudorp

0102 nuhaT

nagnareteK pateT lebairaV POB latoT gnolonep nahaB 005.432.3 pR 005.432.3 pR

rakab nahaB 000.362.3 000.362.3 naarahilemeP

nunet tala 007.761.2 pR 007.761.2

naarahilemePnanugnab

057.822.3 057.822.3

tala isaiserpeDnunet

005.651.2 005.651.2

isaiserpeDnanugnab

008.480.2 008.480.2

ketsA 004.570.6 004.570.6 LTKT 005.507.41 005.507.41 kirtsiL 000.576.1 000.576.1 ayaiB

isatropsnart 237.952.5 237.952.5 pR

halmuJ 283.353.73pR 005.794.6pR 288.058.34pR airaM atnaS nanunetreP ataD : rebmuS

ayaib naraggna gnutihgnem kutnU daehrevo kudorp kirbap

esatnesrop nakutnenem surah atik uluhad hibelret ,tumiles

ayaib naraggna daehrevo ayaib esatnesorp nagnutihreP .aynkirbap

daehrevo arac nagned nakukalid tumiles kudorp kutnu kirbap

nagned kudorp hurules kutnu iskudorp naraggna igabmem

raggna esatnesorp naidumeK .tumiles kudorp kutnu iskudorp na

ayaib naraggna nagned nakilakid tubesret daehrevo adap kirbap

.natukgnasreb gnay nuhat

iskudorp naraggna awhab iuhatekid ,helorepid gnay atad iraD

halada kudorp hurules kutnu 0102 nuhat airaM atnaS nanunetreP

rasebes 75 . 505 naraggna ,tumiles kudorp kutnu nakgnadeS .retem

rasebes halada ayniskudorp 256.41 retem tubesret atad audek iraD .


101

ayaib esatnesorp aynraseb awhab iuhatekid tapad akam daehrevo

tumiles kudorp kutnu kirbap halada rasebes %84,52 ayaib latot irad

daehrevo nakutnet atik naidumeK .kudorp hurules kutnu kirbap

ayaib radnats firat daehrevo iagabes arac nagned 0102 nuhat kirbap

:tukireb

21 lebaT airaM atnaS nanunetreP POB firaT nagnutihreP .0102 nuhaT gnawabilaK

nagnareteK kudorP huruleS POB latoT

pateT lebairaV gnolonep nahaB pR 005.432.3 005.432.3 pR

rakab nahaB 000.362.3 000.362.3

nunet tala naarahilemeP pR 007.761.2 007.761.2

nanugnab naarahilemeP 057.822.3 057.822.3

nunet tala isaiserpeD 005.651.2 005.651.2

nanugnab isaiserpeD 008.480.2 008.480.2

ketsA 004.570.6 004.570.6

LTKT 005.507.41 005.507.41

kirtsiL 000.576.1 000.576.1

isatropsnart ayaiB 237.952.5 237.952.5

halmuJ pR 283.353.73 pR 005.794.6 288.058.34 pR )kudorp hurules( LKJ 27,252.04 27,252.04 27,252.04

firaT 79,729 pR 24,161 pR 93,9801 pR airaM atnaS nanunetreP ataD : rebmuS

haleteS nakutnenem tapad atik akam ,POB firat gnutihgnem atik

ayaib aynraseb daehrevo pait kutnu kirbap - gnay kudorp pait

nagnutihrep halada ini tukireB .naahasurep helo naklisahid

ayaib naraggna daehrevo gnay tumiles kudorp kutnu kirbap


201

nanunetreP helo naklisahid nuhat adap gnawabilaK airaM atnaS

:0102

31 lebaT ayaiB naraggnA . daehrevO kudorP kutnu( kirbaP0102 nuhaT airaM atnaS nanunetreP )tumileS

nagnareteK tumileS kudorP nuhates iskudorp anacneR m 256.41

retem /LKJ 7,0 kudorp( LKJ tumiles ) 393,652.01

lebairav POB 69,685.556.1 pR

patet POB 10,256.715.9 pR POB latoT 79,112.371.11 pR

nalub rep POB 101.139 pR airaM atnaS nanunetreP ataD :rebmuS

reteK a nagn :

lebairaV POB 69,685.556.1 pR = 393,652.01 x LKJ/24,161 pR =

pateT POB = 00,256.715.9 pR = 393,652.01 x LKJ/79,729 pR

.d iskudorP ayaiB naraggnA

nakhalmujnem arac nagned nususid iskudorp ayaib naraggnA

naraggna utiay aynmulebes gnutihid halet gnay naraggna agitek

guj nad gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib naraggna ,ukab nahab ayaib a

ayaib naraggna daehrevo .kirbap

:iskudorp ayaib naraggna kutnu nagnutihrep halada ini tukireB

ukab nahab ayaib naraggnA .641 pR 025 00,000.

gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib naraggnA 00,095.483.51 pR

ayaib naraggnA daehrevo kirbap ,112.371.11 pR 79

iskudorp ayaib naraggnA pR 79,108.770.371


301

.4 iskudorP ayaiB isasilaeR

airaM atnaS nanunetreP id idajret gnay iskudorp ayaib isasilaeR

:tukireb iagabes halada 0102 nuhat adap gnawabilaK

.a iskudorP isasilaeR

41 lebaT tumileS iskudorP isasilaeR . airaM atnaS nanunetreP0102 nuhaT gnawabilaK

naluB )retem( iskudorP

iraunaJ 5621 iraurbeF 4511

teraM 8731 lirpA 0321

ieM 5501 inuJ 0641 iluJ 2101

sutsugA 589 rebmetpeS 0421

rebotkO 8521 rebmevoN 3551 rebmeseD 0811

halmuJ 07741 airaM atnaS nanunetreP ataD : rebmuS

.b ukaB nahaB ayaiB isasilaeR

kudorp nataubmep kutnu ukab nahab nahutubek isasilaeR

:tukireb iagabes halada 0102 nuhat adap tumiles

51 lebaT tumileS ukaB nahaB nahutubeK isasilaeR .0102 nuhaT airaM atnaS nanunetreP

naluB iskudorP

)m( m/ukab nahaB

)gk( nahutubek latoT

)gk( BB iraunaJ 5621 4,0 605 iraurbeF 4511 4,0 6,164

teraM 8731 4,0 2,155 lirpA 0321 4,0 294

ieM 5501 4,0 224 inuJ 0641 4,0 485 iluJ 2101 4,0 8,404


401

naluB iskudorP)m(

m/ukab nahaB)gk(

latoT nahutubek)gk( BB

sutsugA 589 4,0 493 rebmetpeS 0421 4,0 694

rebotkO 8521 4,0 2,305 rebmevoN 3551 4,0 2,126 rebmeseD 0811 4,0 274

halmuJ 07741 8095 haloiD ataD : rebmuS

ilebmem gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP ,0102 nuhat adaP

ukab nahab :kaynabes

iskudorp kutnu ukab nahab nahutubeK 8095

0102 nuhat ukab nahab rihka naaidesreP 86,71 +

ukab nahab nahutubek latoT 86,5295

0102 nuhat ukab nahab lawa naaidesreP 80,52 -

ukab nahab nailebmep halmuJ 6,0095

gk/gnaneb ukab nahab agraH gk/00,005.42 pR :

gnaneb ukab nahab nailebmep isasilaeR

pR = gk/00,005.42 pR x 6,0095 = 441 . 465 . 007 00,

aynraseb awhab iuhatekid tapad akam ,sataid nagnutihrep iraD

0102 nuhat tumiles iskudorpmem kutnu ukab nahab ayaib isasilaer

pR rasebes halada 441 . 465 . 007 00,

sibah gnay ukab nahab ayaib isasilaer iuhategnem kutnU

kudorp kutnu 0102 nuhat airaM atnaS nanunetrep helo iakapid

nagned halada nakukalid surah gnay hakgnal akam ,tumiles

tumiles kudorp kutnu ukab nahab nahutubek latot nakilagnem

b nahab agrah nagned isasilaer nagnutihrep halada ini tukireB .uka


501

tumiles iskudorpmem kutnu iakapid sibah gnay ukab nahab ayaib

:0102 nuhat

iakapiD sibaH gnay ukaB nahaB ayaiB isasilaeR .61 lebaT102 nuhaT airaM atnaS nanunetreP 0 kutnu(

)tumileS kudorP

naluB latoT nahutubek BB

)gk(

BB agraH)GK/pR(

BB ayaiB)pR(

iraunaJ 605 005.42 000.793.21 iraurbeF 6,164 005.42 002.903.11

teraM 2,155 005.42 004.405.31 lirpA 294 005.42 000.450.21

ieM 224 005.42 000.933.01 inuJ 485 005.42 000.803.41 iluJ 8,404 005.42 006.719.9

sutsugA 493 005.42 000.356.9 rebmetpeS 694 005.42 000.251.21

rebotkO 2,305 005.42 004.823.21 rebmevoN 2,126 005.42 004.912.51 rebmeseD 274 005.42 000.465.11

halmuJ 8095 000.647.441 airaM atnaS nanunetreP ataD: rebmuS

.c ajreK aganeT ayaiB isasilaeR gnusgnaL

gnusgnal ajrek maj radnats isasilaer ,helorepid gnay atad iraD

nuhat gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP helo nakanugid gnay

.retem/maj 86,0 halada 0102 ayaib isasilaer halada ini tukireB

gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP gnusgnal ajrek aganet adap

:0102 nuhat


601

71 lebaT nanunetreP gnusgnaL ajreK aganeT ayaiB isasilaeR .0102 nuhaT gnawabilaK airaM atnaS

naluB iskudorP)m(

m/LKJ LKJ latoT LKJ/firaT LKTB

1 5621 86,0 2,068 054.1 092.742.1

2 4511 86,0 27,487 054.1 448.731.1

3 8731 86,0 40,739 054.1 807.853.1

4 0321 86,0 4,638 054.1 087.212.1

5 5501 86,0 4,717 054.1 032.040.1

6 0641 86,0 8,299 054.1 065.934.1

7 2101 86,0 61,886 054.1 238.799

8 589 86,0 8,966 054.1 012.179

9 0421 86,0 2,348 054.1 046.222.1

01 8521 86,0 44,558 054.1 883.042.1

11 3551 86,0 40,6501 054.1 852.135.1

21 0811 86,0 4,208 054.1 084.361.1

halmuJ 07741 6,34001 022.365.41

haloiD ataD : rebmuS

.d ayaiB isasilaeR daehrevO kirbaP

atnaS nanunetrep 0102 nuhat adap ,helorepid gnay atad iraD

kutnu 381.93 rasebes gnusgnal ajrek maj nakhutubmem airaM

.retem 326.75 aynhalmuj gnay kudorp hurules iskudorpmem

ayaib isasilaer halada ini tukireB daehrevo nanunetreP kirbap

ilaK airaM atnaS :0102 nuhat gnawab


701

ayaiB isasilaeR .81 lebaT daehrevO huruleS kutnu( kirbaPkudorP )

nagnareteK kudorP huruleS POB latoT pateT lebairaV

gnolonep nahaB 928.692.3pR 005.432.3pR

rakab nahaB 923.523.3 000.362.3 tala naarahilemeP

nunet 630.240.2pR 007.761.2


680.301.3 057.822.3


638.030.2 005.651.2

isaiserpeDnanugnab

631.959.1 008.480.2

ketsA 637.949.5 004.570.6 LTKT 638.975.41 005.507.41 kirtsiL 633.945.1 000.576.1 ayaiB isatropsnart 860.431.5 237.952.5 halmuJ 370.843.63pR 851.226.6pR 190.079.24pR


haleteS ayaib aynraseb iuhatekid daehrevo hurules kutnu kirbap

ayaib firat iracid ayntujnales akam ,kudorp daehrevo .aynkirbap

ayaib firaT daehrevo ayaib igabmem arac nagned gnutihid kirbap

daehrevo nahurulesek kutnu gnusgnal ajrek maj nagned latot

ayaib firat alibapA .kudorp daehrevo akam iuhatekid halet kirbap

ayaib gnutihid tapad daehrevo .tumiles kudorp kutnu kirbap

ayaib firat nagnutihrep halada ini tukireB daehrevo kirbap

:0102 nuhat airaM atnaS nanunetrep


801

ayaiB firaT nagnutihreP .91 lebaT daehrevO kirbaP0102 nuhat airaM atnaS nanunetreP

nagnareteK kudorP huruleS POB latoT pateT lebairaV

gnolonep nahaB 928.692.3pR 005.432.3pR

rakab nahaB 923.523.3 000.362.3 tala naarahilemeP

nunet 630.240.2pR 007.761.2


680.301.3 057.822.3


638.030.2 005.651.2

isaiserpeDnanugnab

631.959.1 008.480.2

ketsA 637.949.5 004.570.6 LTKT 638.975.41 005.507.41 kirtsiL 633.945.1 000.576.1

isatropsnart ayaiB 860.431.5 237.952.5

halmuJ 370.843.63pR 851.226.6pR 190.079.24pR hurules( LKJ

)kudorp 93 . 46,381 93 . 46,381 93 . 46,381 firaT 36,729pR pR 00,961 pR 1. 874336,690

airaM atnaS nanunetreP ataD : rebmuS

lebat iraD ayaib firat aynraseb iuhatekid ,sataid daehrevo kirbap

ayaib firat nad 36,729 pR rasebes aynpatet daehrevo kirbap

.00,961 pR rasebes aynlebairav ep halada ini tukireB nagnutihr

ayaib isasilaer daehrevo 0102 nuhat airaM atnaS nanunetrep kirbap

:tumiles kudorp kutnu


901

ayaiB isasilaeR .02 lebaT daehrevO kirbaP atnaS nanunetreP 0102 nuhaT airaM )tumileS kudorP(

nagnareteK tumileS kudorP nuhates iskudorp anacneR 41 . 077

retem /LKJ 86,0 )tumiles kudorp( LKJ 06,340.01

lebairav POB 004.796.1pR

patet POB 847.613.9pR POB latoT 841.410.11pR

nalub rep POB 648.719pR airaM atnaS nanunetreP ataD :rebmuS

.e iskudorP ayaiB isasilaeR

adap tumiles iskudorp ayaib isasilaer iuhategnem kutnU

isasilaer nakhabmanem surah atik akam ,airaM atnaS nanunetreP

ayaiB .aynmulebes gnutihid hadus gnay ayaib rusnu agitek irad -

aganet ayaib ,ukab nahab ayaib halada nial aratna tubesret ayaib

l ajrek ayaib nad ,gnusgna daehrevo .kirbap

atnaS nanunetreP iskudorp ayaib nagnutihrep halada ini tukireB

:0102 nuhat adap gnawabilaK airaM

ukab nahab ayaiB pR 441 0.647. 00 00,

gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaiB pR 022.365.41 00,

ayaiB daehrevo kirbap pR 841.410.11 00,

iskudorp ayaiB pR 863.323.071 00,


011

.B nasahabmeP nad ataD sisilanA

.1 amatreP halasaM sisilanA

nakukalid surah akam ,amatrep halasam bawajnem kutnU

hakgnal aratna nagnidnabmep - ayaib naraggna nanusuynep hakgnal

gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP helo nakukalid gnay iskudorp

hakgnal nagned - turunem iskudorp ayaib naraggna nanusuynep hakgnal

naijak .iroet

awhab iuhatekid tapad ,nakukalid halet gnay naitilenep lisah iraD

hakgnal aparebeb nakukalem gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP

gnay amatrep hakgnaL .iskudorp ayaib naraggna nanusuynem malad

ynem halada iskudorp ayaib nanusuynep malad nakukalid nalamar nusu

atad nakanuggnem nagned gnutihid ini nalaujnep nalamaR .nalaujnep -

nuhat irad nalaujnep atad - nalamar haleteS .aynmulebes nuhat

nusuynem halada ayntujnales hakgnal akam ,taubid iaseles nalaujnep

naidumek ini iskudorp naraggnA .iskudorp naraggna rasad nakidajid

uti iskudorp ayaib naraggnA .iskudorp ayaib naraggna taubmem kutnu

ajrek aganet naraggna ,ukab nahab naraggna irad iridret iridnes

ayaib naraggna nad ,gnusgnal daehrevo .kirbap

napahat irad tahilid alibapA - helo nakukalid gnay napahat

ayaib naraggna nusuynem malad gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP

hakgnal nahurulesek ripmah ,iskudorp - nagned iauses halet aynhakgnal

ayaib naraggna nataubmep malad numaN .iroet naijak daehrevo

hakgnal nakanuggnem kadit naahasurep ,kirbap - auses gnay hakgnal i


111

nakijasid naka ini tukireb ,aynsalej hibel kutnU .iroet naijak nagned

gnay iskudorp ayaib naraggna nanusuynep aratna nagnidnabrep

nagned gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP helo nakukalid

.iroet naijak turunem iskudorp ayaib naraggna nanusuynep

12 lebaT P . iskudorP ayaiB naraggnA nanusuyneP nagnidnabre

iroeT airaM atnaS nanunetrePgnawabilaK

isaterpretnI

.1 nalamar nusuyneM.nalaujnep

.1 nalamar nusuynem naahasureP edotem nagned nalaujnep tsael

.erauqs nuhat nalaujnep nalamaR atad nakrasadreb nususid 0102

5002 nuhat nalaujnep - .9002

iauseS

.2 naraggna nusuyneM nakrasadreb iskudorp

.nalaujnep nalamar

.2 naraggna nusuynem naahasureP nalamar nakrasadreb iskudorp

.nalaujnep

iauseS

.3 ayaib naraggna nusuyneM nahab .ukab

.3 naraggna nusuynem naahasureP gnay ukab nahab nahutubek

nagned naktujnalid naidumek nahab ayaib naraggna taubmem

.ukab

iauseS

.4 ayaib naraggna nusuyneM.gnusgnal ajrek aganet

.4 naraggna nusuynem naahasureP.gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib

iauseS

.5 ayaib naraggna nusuyneM daehrevo .kirbap

.5 naraggna nusuynem naahasureP ayaib daehrevo nagned kirbap

nakutnenem uluhad hibelret ayaib esatnesorp daehrevo kirbap

ayaib naraggna padahretdaehrevo .kudorp hurules latot

iauseS

.6 ayaib naraggna nusuyneM.iskudorp

.6 naraggna nusuynem naahasureP nagned iskudorp ayaib

ayaib naraggna nakhalmujnem ayaib naraggna ,ukab nahab

nad ,gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib naraggna daehrevo .kirbap

iauseS



211

.2 audeK halasaM sisilanA

nagnidnabrep nakukalem surah atik ,audek halasam bawajnem kutnU

gnay iskudorp ayaib nagned nakraggnaid gnay iskudorp ayaib aratna

gnay iskudorp ayaib aratna hisiles tapadret alibapA .aynhuggnuses

kam ,aynhugnuses gnay iskudorp ayaib nagned nakraggnaid surah a

kutnU .muleb uata iladnekret hadus tubesret hisiles hakapa sisilanaid

nanunetreP akam ,kadit uata iladnekret uti iskudorp utaus hakapa ialinem

ayaib irad %5 rasebes isnarelot satab nakpatenem gnawabilaK airaM atnaS

libapa aggniheS .nakraggnaid gnay iskudorp ayaib aratna hisiles tapadret a

hisiles nad aynhuggnuses gnay iskudorp ayaib nagned nakraggnaid gnay

tubesret iskudorp ayaib awhab nakatakid tapad akam ,%5 hawabid tubesret

surah akam ,hisiles aynkadit uata ada iuhategnem kutnU .iladnekret

kukalid :tukireb iagabes hisiles sisilana na

.a ukaB nahaB ayaiB hisileS

22 lebaT ukaB nahaB nailebmeP naanaskaleP nagnutihreP .

nagnareteK anacneR isasilaeR nagnapmiyneP halmuJ %

ilebid halmuJ 85 4,35 095 6,0 2,74 18,0 tinu/agraH 000.52 pR 005.42 pR 005 pR 2

halmuJ 41pR 000.533.6 007.465.441pR 003.077.1 pR 12,1 haloiD ataD :rebmuS

)1 ukab nahab nailebmep naanaskaleP

)a nailebmep halmuj anerak snairaV


4,3585( = – 00,000.52 pR x )6,0095

kadiT( 00,000.081.1 pR = )nakgnutnugneM


311

)b ukab nahab agrah anerak snairaV

00,000.52 pR( = – 6,0095 x )00,005.42 pR

)nakgnutnugneM( 00,003.059.2 pR =

)c snairaV latoT

agrah anerak snairaV + halmuj anerak snairaV =

00,003.059.2 pR + 00,000.081.1 pR =


)2 ukab nahab naiakamep naanaskaleP

aT 32 leb nahaB naiakameP naanaskaleP nagnutihreP .ukaB

nagnareteK anacneR anacneRnakiausesid

isasilaeR nagnapmiyneP latoT %

)m(iskudorP 256.41 077.41 077.41 0 0 )m/gk( RUS 4,0 4,0 4,0 0 0

gnay BB)gk( iakapid

8,068.5 809.5 809.5 0 0

pR( gk/agraH 000.52 000.52 005.42 005 2 )pR( halmuJ 000.025.641 000.007.741 000.647.441 000.459.2 2


)a isneisife snairaV


8,068.5( = – 00,000.52 pR x )8,068.5

0 =

)b agraH snairaV

anacneR agraH( = – liiR halmuJ x )liiR agraH

00,000.52 pR( = – 8,068.5 x )00,005.42 pR



411

)c snairaV latoT

agraH snairaV + isneisifE snairaV =

00,004.039.2 pR + 0 =


.b b hisileS gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayai

42 lebaT gnusgnaL ajreK aganeT ayaiB hisileS nagnutihreP .

nagnareteK anacneR anacneRnakiausesiD

isasilaeR nagnapmiyneP halmuJ %

)m( iskudorP 256.41 077.41 077.41 0 0 )m/LKJ(RUS 7,0 7,0 86,0 20,0 68,2

LKJ halmuJ 4,652.01 933.01 6,340.01 592 38,2 )pR(hapu firaT 005.1 005.1 54.1 0 05 33,3

LKT ayaiB 006.483.51 005.805.51 1 022.365.4 001.344 68,2 haloiD ataD : rebmuS

)1 isneisife snairaV

anacneR ajreK maJ( = – anacneR hapU firaT x )liiR ajreK maJ

933.01 ( = – )6,340.01 00,005.1 pR x

)nakgnutnugneM ( 00,001.344 pR =

)2 hapu firat snairaV

anacneR hapU firaT ( = – liiR ajreK maJ x )liiR hapU firaT

00,005.1 pR( = – 6,340.01 x )00,005.1 pR

0 =

)3 snairav latoT

hapU firaT snairaV + isneisifE snairaV =

0 + 00,001.344 pR =

pR = )nakgnutnugneM( 00,001.344


511

.c ayaib hisileS daehrevo gnusgnal kirbap

52 lebaT ayaiB hisileS nagnutihreP . daehrevO kirbaP

nagnareteK POBnakraggnaiD

POB isasilaeR hisileS halmuJ %

POB lebairaV 69,685.556.1pR 00,004.796.1 pR 40,318.14 pR 35,2 POB pateT 10,256.715.9 00,847.613.9 10,778.002 11,2

POB latoT pR 79,112.371.11 00,841.410.11pR 79,360.951 pR 24,1 haloiD ataD : rebmuS

atik naidumek ,nakukalid iaseles iskudorp ayaib hisiles sisilana haleteS

hadus gnawabilaK airaM atnaS nanunetreP iskudorp ayaib hakapa nakutnet

atik akam ,aynkadit uata iladnekret ialinem tapad atik ragA .muleb uata iladnekret

hisiles iuhategnem ulrep ayaib nagned aynhuggnuses iskudorp ayaib aratna

,aynesatnesorp gnutih atik tubesret hisiles uti haleteS .nakraggnaid gnay iskudorp

iskudorp ayaib akam )%5( isnarelot satab irad licek hibel aynesatnesorp alibapa

es alibapa numaN .iladnekret nakatakid tapad satab irad raseb hibel aynhisil

hibel kutnU .iladnekret kadit nakatakid iskudorp ayaib akam ,)%5( isnarelot

isasilaer nad naraggna hisiles nagnutihrep lebat nakijasid ini tukireb ,aynsalej

.iskudorp ayaib

62 lebaT sasilaeR nad naraggnA hisileS nagnutihreP . ayaiB iiskudorP

sineJ ayaiBaynhuggnuseS

naraggnA ayaiB

hisileS tafiS %hisileS

/iladnekreT)* kadiT

ayaiBBB 000.647.441 .025.641 000 000.477.1

M 32,1

aY

LKTB 022.365.41 .51 095.483 001.344 M 40,3 aY POB 841.410.11 .11 79,112.371 79,360.951 M 44,1 aY

latoT ayaiB

iskudorP .071 863.323 79,108.770.371 .2 79,334.457

M 26,1

aY


:nagnareteK

nakgnutnugneM : M

nakgnutnugneM kadiT : MT

%5 halada naahasurep isnarelot satab )*


611

IV BAB

PUTUNEP

.A nalupmiseK

atad sisilanagnem haleteS - atad atnaS nanunetreP irad helorepid gnay

:awhab nalupmisek libmaid tapad akam ,airaM

.1 iskudorp ayaib naraggna nusuynem halet airaM atnaS nanunetreP

naraggna nanusuynep rudesorp anerak tapet nakatakiD .tapet araces

tapad ini laH .iroet naijak nagned iauses hadus ayniskudorp ayaib

naraggna nanusuynep rudesorp aratna nagnidnabrep irad tahilid gnay

.iroet naijak turunem nad airaM atnaS nanunetreP helo nakukalid

.2 airaM atnaS nanunetreP ,nakukalid halet gnay naitilenep lisah iraD

hisiles iracnem arac nagned iskudorp ayaib nailadnegnep nakukalem

ned idajret aynhuggnuses gnay iskudorp ayaib aratna ayaib nag

aratna hisiles tapadret ,0102 nuhat adaP .nakraggnaid gnay iskudorp

ayaib isasilaer anamid aynisasilaer nagned iskudorp ayaib naraggna

halet gnay naraggna nagned nakgnidnabid licek hibel ayniskudorp

nutihrep lisah iraD .naahasurep helo nakpatetid awhab iuhatekid ,nag

pR rasebes hisiles tapadret 79,334.457.2 )nakgnutnugnem tafisreb(

hisiles esatnesorP .aynisasilaer nagned iskudorp ayaib naraggna aratna

ayaib naikimed nagneD .%26,1 rasebes halada tubesret iskudorp ayaib

iraM atnaS nanunetreP iskudorp anerak iladnekret nakatakid tapad a

gnay %5 isnarelot satab malad adareb hisam idajret gnay hisiles

.naahasurep nakpatetid


711

.B naitileneP nasatabreteK

malad silunep nasatabretek irad sapelret kadit ini ispirks nasiluneP

:nial aratna ,lah aparebeb

.1 aggnihes airaM atnaS nanunetreP adap nakukalid ini naitileneP

ajas airaM atnaS nanunetreP igab ukalreb aynah ada gnay nalupmisek

.aynnial naahasurep igab ukalreb kadit nad

.2 nakukalid airaM atnaS nanunetreP adap nakukalid gnay naitileneP

es ,0102 nuhat kutnu ukalreb aynah helorepid gnay nalupmisek aggnih

.tubesret nuhat kutnu

.C naraS

,nakukalid halet gnay sisilana nad helorepid gnay atad nakrasadreB

naras akam - :halada naahasurep igab nakirebid tapad gnay naras

.1 f ilabmek uajninem surah airaM atnaS nanunetreP rotka - gnay rotkaf

gnay iskudorp ayaib aratna hisiles aynidajret naklubminem tapad

ulrep ini laH .nakraggnaid gnay iskudorp ayaib nagned aynhuggnuses

edoirep kutnu iskudorp ayaib naraggna nanusuynep raga nakukalid

.igal tapet hibel ayntukireb

.2 uynep nupikseM atnaS nanunetreP adap iskudorp ayaib naraggna nanus

naahasurep numan ,kiab pukuc hadus airaM hibel surah aynkiabes

nemele padahret nauajninep nakukalem malad igal itilet - ayaib nemele

helo nususid gnay naraggna raga nakukalid surah ini laH .iskudorp

hasurep .taruka nikames naa


811

AKATSUP RATFAD

.7002 .iniraggnA atinuY nad nawanuG ,ortupasidA .sinsiB naraggnA MITS PPU.atrakaygoY ,NPKY

.6002 .F notliM ,yrsU nad K mailliW ,retraC .ayaiB isnatnukA .salebagiteK isidE .atrakaJ ,tapmE abmelaS tibreneP .E .S atsirK nahamejreT .1 ukuB

.6002 .newoM .M ennayraM nad .R noD ,nesnaH .gnitnuoccA tnemeganaM .atrakaJ ,tapmE abmelaS

.0002 .idayluM .ayaiB isnatnukA .atrakaygoY ,aideM aytidA .amileK isidE

.7002 .M ,radnanuM .gnitegduB .atrakaygoY ,EFPB

gneP “ .7002 .idayiR notnA nad oyruS ,olotarP sativitkefE nad naraggnA nauhate naanaskaleP satA nasaupeK nagneD aynnagnubuH malaD isapisitraP

.”ajreniK naraggnA .isatsevnI nad isnatnukA lanruJ 23 :2 .8 .loV - .93

noitazilartneceD dna ,ygetartS ,edutittA fo tceffE ehT“ .9991 .gnabmaB ,otnayiReffE ehT no .”noitapicitraP tegduB fo ssenevitc isnatnukA tesiR lanruJ

.aisenodnI :2 .loV 631 - .351

.1002 .legeiS .G leoJ nad .K eaJ ,mihS .gnitegduB .atrakaJ ,aggnalrE

.5991 .otnayirpuS .abaL nailadnegneP nad naanacnereP :naahasureP naraggnA.atrakaygoY ,NPKY EITS

puS .7891 .A .R ,onoyir .1 nemejanaM isnatnukA .atrakaygoY ,EFPB

.3002 .onojdrawuS .ratnagneP isnatnukA .atrakaygoY ,EFPB .agiteK isidE

.6002 .J tiariS ,.T .nemejanaM igaB utnaB talA iagabeS naraggnA aidemarG TP.atrakaJ ,aisenodnI anaraS aidiW

.J ,okomtaidiW noN nad isnatnukA nailadnegneP kutneB nahilimeP“ .3002 .”saguT kitsiretkaraK nakrasadreB isnatnukA .imonokE sukoF lanruJ .loV

862 :3 .oN .1 - .572


ARACNAWAW NAMODEP

.A naahasureP harajeS

.1 ?nakiridid airaM atnaS nanunetrep napaK

.2 ?airaM atnaS nanunetrep iridnep hakapaiS

.3 ?naahasurep hakapa gnadib malad karegreB

.4 ?airaM atnaS nanunetrep aynnakiridid naujut apA

.5 ?naahasurep nagnabmekrep harajes anamiagaB

.B isasinagrO rutkutS

.1 ?naahasurep isasinagro rutkurts kutneb anamiagaB

.2 ?naahasurep isasinagro rutkurts malad ada gnay naigab kaynab apareB

.3 gnisam bawaj gnuggnat nad gnanewew ajas apA - malad naigab gnisam

?naahasurep

.C ailanosreP

.1 ekeb gnay nawayrak halmuj apareB ?airaM atnaS nanunetrep id ajr

.2 ?nawayrak turkerem naahasurep arac anamiagaB

.3 ?naahasurep malad nawayrak ajrek maj metsis anamiagaB

.4 atnaS nanunetrep helo nakparetid gnay nahapugnep metsis anamiagaB

?airaM

.5 satilisaf ajas apA - urep helo nakirebid gnay satilisaf arap adapek naahas

?nawayrak


.D iskudorP

.1 ?airaM atnaS nanunetrep helo naklisahid gnay ajas apa kudorP

.2 ?iskudorp sesorp malad nakanugid gnay ukab nahab ajas apA

.3 ?helorepid tubesret ukab nahab anamiraD

.4 ?iskudorp sesorp malad nakanugid gnay natalarep ajas apA

.5 napahat anamiagaB - ?iskudorp sesorp malad napahat

.6 ?edoirep rep iskudorp lisah apareB

.E narasameP

.1 ?ayniskudorp lisah nakrulaynem naahasurep arac anamiagaB

.2 ?ayniskudorp lisah nakisomorpmem naahasurep arac anamiagaB

.3 naahasurep kudorp narasamep haread ajas anamiD ?

.F sisilanaiD kutnu ataD

.1 ?iskudorp ayaib naraggna nusuynem naahasurep anamiagaB

.2 5002 nuhat tumiles nalaujnep halmuj apareB - ?9002

.3 ?0102 nuhat ukab nahab radnats agrah apareB

.4 ?0102 nuhat ukab nahab aynhuggnuses agrah apareB

.5 kab nahab nahutubek naraggna apareB ?0102 nuhat u

.6 ?0102 nuhat ukab nahab nahutubek isasilaer apareB

.7 ?0102 nuhat ukab nahab rihka nad lawa naaidesrep apareB

.8 ?0102 nuhat nakraggnaid gnay ukab nahab ayaib apareB

.9 ?0102 nuhat radnats hapu firat apareB

.01 gnaid gnay gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib apareB ?0102 nuhat nakrag

.11 ?0102 nuhat gnusgnal ajrek aganet ayaib isasilaer apareB


.21 ?0102 nuhat nakraggnaid gnay POB apareB

.31 ?0102 nuhat aynhuggnuses gnay POB apareB

.41 /iladnekret( isnarelot satab nakajibek iaynupmem naahasurep hakapA

b paites kutnu )iladnekret kadit ?iskudorp ayai

.51 gnay )iladnekret kadit /iladnekret( isnarelot satab esatnesorp apareB

?naahasurep helo nakpatetid


oroB nanunetreP

”OROB AIRAM ATNAS NASAYAY“

27655 atrakaygoY ,ogorP noluK ,gnawabilaK soP

di.oc.oohay@orobnunet :liame ,8456847 )4720( .pleT

NAGNARETEK TARUS

nagnat adnatreb gnaY :ini hawab id

amaN nimituS surteP .rB :

natabaJ naahasureP nanipmiP :

,awhab nakgnareneM

amaN itawayteS iduP akI :

MIN 950411270 :

nasuruJ isnatnukA :

satlukaF amrahD atanaS satisrevinU imonokE :

airaM atnaS nanunetrep id naitilenep nakadagnem halet raneB ,ogorP noluK ,oroB

raggnA isatnemelpmI :luduj nagned atrakaygoY naitileneP .iskudorP ayaiB na

nalub adap nakukalid .1102 iluJ nagned iapmas inuJ

.aynulrepes nakanugrepid tapad agomes nad taubid ini nagnaretek naikimeD

1102 rebmeseD 71 ,oroB

oroB nanunetreP




NAGNARETEK TARUS




,awhab nakgnareneM


MIN 950411270 :

nasuruJ isnatnukA :







oroB nanunetreP




NAGNARETEK TARUS




,awhab nakgnareneM


MIN 950411270 :

nasuruJ isnatnukA :








oroB nanunetreP


soP 27655 atrakaygoY ,ogorP noluK ,gnawabilaK


NAGNARETEK TARUS

atnaS nanunetrep ,iskudorp ayaib naraggna nataubmep nagned nagnubuheS

isnarelot satab nakajibek nakpatenem airaM iladnekret ayaib paites kutnu

iskudorp halada ayaib naraggna aratna hisiles esatnesorp alibapA .%5 rasebes

awhab nakatakid tapad akam ,%5 sata id iskudorp ayaib isasilaer nagned iskudorp

aratna hisiles esatnesorp alibapa nakgnadeS .iladnekret kadit tubesret hisiles

iskudorp ayaib naraggna akam ,%5 hawab id iskudorp ayaib isasilaer nagned

.iladnekret tubesret hisiles awhab nakatakid

helo iujutesid halet gnay natakapesek nakrasadreb libmaid tubesret nakajibeK

.nahasurep nanipmip


oroB nanunetreP




NAGNARETEK TARUS









.nahasurep nanipmip


oroB nanunetreP




NAGNARETEK TARUS









.nahasurep nanipmip



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