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Fakultas

Program Studi

Pengantar AkuntansiKarakteristik bisnis, Profesi akuntansi dalam bisnis, dan peranan akuntansi, SAK, GAAP dan IFRS

Suri Mahrani, S.Sos, M.Ak.Ekonomi dan Bisnis

Akuntansi

BUSINESS ENTERPRISES

1. A business owned by one person is generally a proprietorship (owner’s equity).

2. A business owned by two or more persons associated as partners is a partnership(partners’ equity).

3. A business organized as a separate legal entity under corporation law and having ownership divided into transferable shares is called a corporation (shareholders’ equity).

Forensic AccountingUses accounting, auditing, and investigative skills to conduct investigations into theft and fraud.

GovernmentCareers with the IRS, the FBI, the SEC, and in public colleges and universities.

Private AccountingCareers in industry working in cost accounting, budgeting, accounting information systems, and taxation.

SO 9 Explain the career opportunities in accounting.

Public Accounting (External Accountant)Careers in auditing, taxation, and management consulting serving the general public.

The Accounting Profession

Three Activities

SO 1 Explain what accounting is.

Illustration 1-1Accounting process

The accounting process includesthe bookkeeping function.

What is Accounting?

Economic Event (Peristiwa Ekonomi)

Adalah setiap transaksi atau peristiwa yang akan mempengaruhi perubahan posisi keuangan Neraca maupun Laporan Laba (Rugi).Sebagai contoh transaksi penjualan, dengan dokumen invoice, faktur pajak dan kuitansi.

Quiz

The Different between Accountant and Bookkeeper ?

Accounting1. Includes bookkeeping2. Also includes much moreBookkeeping1. Involves only the recording of

economic events2. Is just one part of accounting

BOOKKEEPING DISTINGUISHED FROM

ACCOUNTING

Accounting Principles

•Dewan SAK dari Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (IAI)

•Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB)

•International Accounting Standards Boards (IASB)

Standar Akuntansi Keuangan (SAK)

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)

International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS)

Key Points

Transaction analysis is the same under IFRS and GAAP but different standards sometimes impact how transactions are recorded.

Rules for accounting for specific events sometimes differ across countries. For example, European companies rely less on historical cost and more on fair value than U.S. companies. Despite the differences, the double-entry accounting system is the basis of accounting systems worldwide.

Both the IASB and FASB go beyond the basic definitions provided in this textbook for the key elements of financial statements, that is, assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, and expenses.

Key Points

A trial balance under IFRS follows the same format as shown in the textbook.

As shown in the textbook, dollars signs are typically used only in the trial balance and the financial statements. The same practice is followed under IFRS, using the currency of the country that the reporting company is headquartered.

In February 2010, the SEC expressed a desire to continue working toward a single set of high-quality standards.

The basic recording process shown in this textbook is followed by companies across the globe. It is unlikely to change in the future. The definitional structure of assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, and expenses may change over time as the IASB and FASB evaluate their overall conceptual framework for establishing accounting standards.

Looking to the Future

Which statement is correct regarding IFRS?

a) IFRS reverses the rules of debits and credits, that is, debits are on the right and credits are on the left.

b) IFRS uses the same process for recording transactions as GAAP.

c) The chart of accounts under IFRS is different because revenues follow assets.

d) None of the above statements are correct.

IFRS Self-Test Questions

A trial balance:

a) is the same under IFRS and GAAP.

b) proves that transactions are recorded correctly.

c) proves that all transactions have been recorded.

d) will not balance if a correct journal entry is posted twice.

IFRS Self-Test Questions

One difference between IFRS and GAAP is that:

a) GAAP uses accrual-accounting concepts and IFRS uses primarily the cash basis of accounting.

b) IFRS uses a different posting process than GAAP.

c) IFRS uses more fair value measurements than GAAP.

d) the limitations of a trial balance are different between IFRS and GAAP.

IFRS Self-Test Questions

COPYRIGHT

Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by CANCOPY (Canadian Reprography Collective) is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his / her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The author and the publisher assume no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.

Terima KasihSuri Mahrani, S.Sos, M.Ak.