pengetahuan dasar bahan kimia berbahaya

8/19/2019 Pengetahuan Dasar Bahan Kimia Berbahaya

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IJK & team K3 Kimia

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I J K@.

0818 0205 4292

Safe Chemical Handling

Tipe bahan kimia

Problem kesehatan

Bahaya yang ditimbulkan oleh

bahan kimia

Informasi bahan kimia

berbahaya

Kebersihan pribadi

Alat pelindung diri

Penyimpanan bahan kimia

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Asphyxiants – bahan seperti cyanida dimana

dapat mencegah oxigen

Toxic Substances – bahan seperti pesticida

dapat menyebabkan luka serius, dan kerusakan

organ, dan kesehatan

Flammable materials– cairan dan gas

membentuk campuran yang mudah terbakan di

udara

Explosives – campuran bahan kimia yang dapatmenyebabkan ledakan

Corrosives – bahan seperti asam dan alkali (

custik soda ) dapat merusak kulit manusia dan

bahan lainnya

3IJK &

Sering ditimbulkan oleh bahantertentu dari material berbahaya,

memicu:beberapa kanker

penyakit jantung

hati membatu

Gagal ginjal

Penyakit sistem saraf

Penyakit kulit

Mengurangi kesuburan

Dsb

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Inhalation: material terhirup

kedalam paru paru dan terserapkesisitim darah

Ingestion: material tertelan danmasuk terserap melalui

pencernakan makanan

Absorption: material terserap

melalui pori pori kulit

5IJK &

Apa yang harus diketahui:

Bagaimana itu dapat masuk ke tubuh

bahaya kesehatan

Alat perlindungan diri yang diperlukan

menyimpan yang aman

Penangganan yang benar

P3K

cara yang benar dalam menghadapitumpahan & membersihkannya

Bagaimana bila terjadi kebakaran

dsb

baca label & logo, and Material Safety Data Sheet data keselamatan bahan

terutama pada saat menanggani bahan berbahaya

6IJK &


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/

Jangan pernah merokok didaerah

penyimpanan bahan berbahaya

Jangan pernah makan, minum, tidur, atau

menyimpan makanan di daerah bahan

berbaya

Cuci tangan segera sebelum makan,

minum dan pergi ke toilet

7IJK &

Increased use of toxic chemicalsIncreased use of toxic chemicals

Industrial

Agricultural

Pharmaceutical

Cosmetics

Household

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IJK & team K3 Kimia

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170

E A

H A

9IJK &

10IJK &


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“Never does nature

say one thing andwisdom another.” Juvenal

11IJK &

12IJK &


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IJK & team K3 Kimia

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2,500;20,000+

1984 – Bhopal, India – Toxic MaterialReleased

HAZARD:HAZARD:

Highly ToxicHighly Toxic

Methyl IsocyanateMethyl Isocyanate

13IJK &

1984 C, E

300

( )

$20 HAZARD:HAZARD:

Flammable LPGFlammable LPG

in tankin tank

14IJK &


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1988 , A E

7 , 42

$400+

HAZARD:HAZARD:

FlammableFlammable

hydrocarbon vaporshydrocarbon vapors

15IJK &

1989 , E F

23 , 130 ; $800+

HAZARD:HAZARD:

FlammableFlammable

ethylene/isobutaneethylene/isobutane

vapors in a 10” linevapors in a 10” line

16IJK &


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IJK & team K3 Kimia

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( ) ,

( ) , .

H :

IJK & 17

C

D

IJK & 18


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IJK & team K3 Kimia

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1

D1.1.E , .

D 1.2.EE , ,

D 1.3.E

D 1.4.EE ,

.

D 1.5. EA

D1.6.EA

IJK & 19

2

D 2.1. F G A 20 C 101.3 .. A,

D 2.2. , G 20C, .. , ,F6

D 2.3. G A ..C,

IJK & 20


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IJK & team K3 Kimia

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3

C 3 F A

60 C .. ,D , A

IJK & 21

4

D 4.1. F , , , K,

D 4.2. C () 5 , ,

D 4.3. , ,

IJK & 22


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5

D 5.1.

,

, ,

D 5.2. (H22), A ,

, .

IJK & 23

6

D 6.1. F: A, ,

D 6.2. I

IJK & 24


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IJK & team K3 Kimia

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7

.. 60C, 198A, 192I,238

IJK & 25

C

IJK & 26


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, , ..

IJK & 27

1. B B2.

3.

4. F A5. B F

6. C7.

8.

IJK & 28


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B3

IJK & 29

3

B3 BAEDA (1995) :

()

(B3) ( , ,

, ) , ,

.

IJK & 30


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IJK & team K3 Kimia

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3

B3

:

(),

(F),

(),

( ),

,

B3 (, ,

, , ,

).

31 IJ K &

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C B3 A, C, C, C,F, , , H, ,, , .

C H ,

, , , .

.

.

32 IJ K &


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IJK & team K3 Kimia

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K C,G

• ;

• ;

• ;

• ;

• ;

•

33 IJ K &

3

34 IJ K &


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3

B , B3

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,

,

IJK & 35

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,

,

/

.

IJK & 36


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IJK & team K3 Kimia

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3

B3

:

(),

(F),

(),

( ),

,

B3 (, ,

, , ,

).

IJK & 37

3

C B3 A, C, C, C,F, , , H, ,, , .

C H ,

, , , .

.

.

IJK & 38


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IJK & team K3 Kimia

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3

D B3

. 85 1999: B

B B (B3).

IJK & 39

Compound Hazard

Ammonium Sulfide Poison, corrosive, reacts with water and acids

Aniline Carcinogen, toxic, absorbs through skin

Aniline Hydrochloride Poison

Ant imony Oxide Healt h and contact hazard

Ant imony Powder flammable as dust, health hazard

An timony Trich loride co rrosive; emits hydrogen ch loride gas if mo ist

Arsenic compounds Poison, carcinogen

Asbest os Friable inhalat ion health hazard, carcinogen

Azide Compounds Explosive in contact with metals, extremely reactive, highly toxic

Barium Chromate Poison

Benzene Flammable, carcinogen

Benzoyl Peroxide Organic peroxide, flammable, oxidizer

IJK & team 40


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Compound Hazard

Bery ll ium and i ts compounds Po ison , carcinogen , dus t i s P-l i sted and h ighly toxic

Bromine Corrosive, oxidizer, volatile liquid

Cadmium compounds Toxic heavy metal, carcinogen

Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspar) Teratogen Emits toxic fumes when heated

Carbon Disulfide Flammable, toxic, P -listed and extremely hazardous

Carbon Tetrachloride Toxic, carcinogen

Chloral Hydrate Hypnotic drug, controlled substance

Chlorine Poison gas, corrosive

Chlorobenzene Explosive limits 1.8% to 9.6%, toxic inhalation and contact hazard

Chloroform Carcinogen If old forms deadly phosgene gas

Chlorosulfonic Acid Toxic a/k/a Sulfuric Chlorohydrin

Chromic Acid Strong oxidizer, poison

IJK & team 41

Compound Hazard

Collodion Flam mable, explosive when dry n itrocellulose compound

Cuprous Cyanide Toxic

Cyanogen Bromide Poison, strong irritant to skin and eyes

Cyclohexene Flammable, peroxide former

Dichlorobenzene Toxic

Dichloroethane Flammable, toxic

Dinit ro P henol Explosive. “ Bomb Squad”

Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine Severe explosion and fire risk

Dioxane Flammable, peroxide former

Ether , Anhydrous Flammable, peroxide former

Ether, Ethyl Flammable, peroxide former

Ether, Isopropyl Flam mable, peroxide fo rmer

IJK & team 42


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Compound Hazard

Ethyl, Ether Flammable, peroxide former

Ethylene Dichloride Toxic, contact hazard, dangerous fire risk,explosive in air 6-16%

Ethyl Nitrate Explosive. “Bomb Squad”

Et hyleneimine Flammable, t oxic, P-listed

Ferrous Sulfide Spon taneously ign ites with air if wet

Formaldehyde (Formalin) Toxic, carcinogen, sensitizer

Gunpowder Explosive

Hydrazine Flam mable, abso rbs t hrough sk in , carcinogen , corro sive

Hydriodic Acid Corrosive, toxic

Hydrobro mic Acid Corrosive, poison

Hydro fluo ric Acid Corrosive, poisonous

Hydrogen Flammable

IJK & team 43

Compound Hazard

Hydrogen Sulf ide, gas Poison, stench

Immersion Oil (old) May contain 10-30% PCBs such as Arochlor 1260

Isopropyl Ether Flammable, h ighest- risk peroxide former

Lith ium Aluminum Hydride Flammable, reacts with air, water and organics

Lit hium Metal React s wit h wat er, nitrogen in air

Mercaptoethanol Flammable, corrosive, in tense stench

Mercury compounds Poisonous heavy metal

Mercury, liquid To xic heavy metal, carcinogen

Methylene Chloride Toxic, carcinogen, narcotic

Methyl Ethyl Ketone Flammable, dangerous fire risk, toxic

Methyl Iodide (Iodomethane)May be a narcotic, carcinogen, lachrymator.

Methyl Isocyanate Flammable, dangerous f ire r isk, toxic

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Compound Hazard

Methyl Isopropyl Ketone Toxic

Methy l Methacry late Flamm able, vapor causes explosive mix with air

Naphthylamine, a- Combustible, tox ic, carcinogen

Nickel Oxide Flammable as dust, toxic, carcinogen

Nicot ine Poison P-Listed extremely hazardous

Nit rilot riacetic Acid Corrosive

Nit robenzene Highly toxic

Nit rocellulose Flammable, explosive, call ETSI

Nit rogen Triiodide Exp losive. “Bomb Squad”

Nit roglycerin Exp losive. “Bomb Squad”

Osmium Tetraoxide, “Osmic Acid” Highly toxic, P-listed extremely hazardous

Pentachlorophenol Extremely toxic

IJK & team 45

Compound Hazard

Perchloric Acid Powerful oxidizer, reactive

Phosphorus Pentasulfide Water reactive, toxic, incompatible with air and moisture

P hosphorus P en toxide Ox idizer, toxic

Phosphorus, Red Flammable solid

Phosphorus, Yellow or White Air reactive, poision

Picric Acid, Trinitrophenol Explosive when dry

Potassium Cyanide Poison, P- listed extremely hazardous

Potassium Perchlorate Powerful oxidizer, reactivity hazard

Potassium Sulfide Flammable, may ignite spontaneously

Potassium, metal Water reactive, peroxide former (orange fog/crystals)

Pyridine Flammable, toxic, vapor forms explosive mix wit h air

Selenium Toxic

IJK & team 46


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Compound Hazard

Silver Oxide Poison

Silver Cyanide Extremely toxic

Sodium metal lump Water reactive, ignites spontaneously in dry hot air, corrosive

Sodium Arsenate Toxic, carcinogen

Sodium Arsenite Toxic, carcinogen

Sodium AzidePo ison, explosive reaction with metals. P-listed extremelyhazardous

Sodium Borohydride Flammable so lid, water reactive

Sodium Cyanide P oison, P-listed extremely hazardous

Sodium Fluoride, (Bifluoride) Highly t oxic by ingestion or inhalation; strong skin irritation

Sodium Fluoroacetate “Tox-X” Deadly poison!

Sodium P eroxide Wat er reactive; may cause fire and explosion

Sodium Sulfide Fire and explosion risk

IJK & team 47

Compound Hazard

Stront ium Flammable, st ore under naphtha, reacts with wat er

Testosterone HCl Controlled substance

Tet rahydrofuran Flammable, peroxide former

T hioacetamide T Toxic, carcinogen, combust ible.

Thionyl Chloride Corrosive

Thiourea Carcinogen

T it anium Trichloride Flammable, fire risk .

T riethylamine Flammable, toxic, irritant.

T rinitrobenzene Explosive. “Bomb Squad”

T rinitrophenol Explosive. “Bomb Squad”

T rinitrotoluene Explosive. “Bomb Squad”

Uranium/Uranyl Compounds radioactive

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Compound Hazard

Acet amide Carcinogen, P-listed extremely hazardous

Ammonium Nitrate Powerful oxidizer, reactive

Barium Peroxide Fire and explosion risk with organic materials, oxidizer, toxic

Butyric Acid Corrosive, intense stench

Cadmium sulfide High ly t ox ic, carcinogen

Calcium Carbide Flammable, reaction with water

Chromium Trioxide Oxidizer , poison

Et hidium Bromide P ot ent mut agen

Hexamethylenediamine Corrosive, absorbs through skin, lachrymator

Hexanediamine, 1-6 Corrosive, absorbs through skin, lachrymator

Hydrogen Peroxide, >29% Powerful oxidizer, corrosive to skin

Lead compounds Highly toxic

IJK & team 49

Compound Hazard

Lead Nit rat e Toxic heavy met al, oxidizer

Magnesium, powder Flammable

Mercury Thermometers Toxic heavy metal, corrosive

Phenol Poison

Potassium Chlorate Powerful oxidizer, reactive

Potassium Chromate Oxidizer, toxic

Potassium Dichromate Powerful oxidizer, carcinogen

Radioactive Materials Radioactive

Sebacoyl Chloride Corrosive fumes, lachrymator

Silver comp ounds Toxic

Sodium Chlorate Powerful oxidizer

Sodium Chromat e Oxidizer

IJK & team 50


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Compound Hazard

Sodium Dichromate Reactive, may cause fire and explosion

Sodium, metal, in small chips Water reactive, corrosive

Stront ium Nitrate Oxidizer, may explode when heated or shocked

Thermite Flammable solid

Toluene Flammable, dangerous fire risk, toxic

Wood’s Metal Poison

Xylene Flammable, toxic

IJK & team 51

Temperatureand pressureinfluencesflammability

limits. Changes ininitial pressureforhydrocarbonsin air will notchange the LFLsignificantly,but the UFL willincrease.

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Class Definition NFPA Rating

IA Liquids : Flash Point less than 73°F

(22.8°C); Boiling Point less than 100°F

(37.8°C)

Flammability Rating 4

IB Liquid : Flash Point less than 73°F (22.8°C);

Boiling Point equal to or greater than 100°F

(37.8°C))


IC Liquids :Flash Point equal to or greater than

73°F (22.8°C), but less than 100°F (37.8°C)


II Liquid : Flash Point equal to or greater than100°F (37.8°C), but less than 140°F) Flammability Rating 2

IIIA Liquids : Flash Point equal to or greater

than 140°F (60°C), but less than 200°F(93.3°C)


IIIB Liquids : Flash Point equal to or greater

than 200°F (93.3°C)


IJK & team 53

IJK & team 54

F u e l G a s

" L o w e r E x p l o s iv e o rF l am m a b l e L i m i t "

( L E L / L F L )

( % )

" U p p e r E x p l o s i v e o rF l a m m a b l e L i m i t "

( U E L / U F L )

( % )

A c e t al d e h y d e 4 6 0

A c e t o n e 2 . 6 1 2 . 8

A c e t y le n e 2 . 5 8 1

A m m o n ia 1 5 2 8

A r s i n e 5 . 1 7 8

B e n z e n e 1 . 3 5 6 . 6 5

n - B u t a n e 1 . 8 6 8 . 4 1

i s o - B u t a n e 1 . 8 0 8 . 4 4

i s o - B u t e n e 1 . 8 9 . 0

B u t y l e n e 1 . 9 8 9 . 6 5

C a r b o n D i s u l f id e 1 . 3 5 0

C a r b o n M o n o x id e 1 2 7 5

C y c lo h e x a n e 1 . 3 8

C y c lo p r o p a n e 2 . 4 1 0 . 4

D i e t h y l E t h e r 1 . 9 3 6

E th a n e 3 1 2 . 4

E t h y le n e 2 . 7 5 2 8 . 6

E t h y l A l c o h o l 3 . 3 1 9

E t h y l C h l o r i d e 3 . 8 1 5 . 4


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IJK & team K3 Kimia

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F u e l G a s

" L o w e r E x p l o s iv e o rF l a m m a b l e L i m i t "( L E L / L F L )( % )

" U p p e r E x p l o s iv e o rF l a m m a b l e L i m i t "( U E L / U F L )( % )

F u e l O i l N o . 1 0 . 7 5

H y d r o ge n 4 7 5

I s o b u t a n e 1 . 8 9 . 6

I s o p r op y l A l co h o l 2 1 2

G a s o l in e 1 . 4 7 . 6

K e r o si n e 0 . 7 5

M e th a n e 5 1 5

M e th y l A l co h o l 6 . 7 3 6

M e th y l C h l o r id e 1 0 . 7 1 7 . 4

M e th y l E t h y l K e t o n e 1 . 8 1 0

N a p h th a l en e 0 .9 5 .9

n - H e p t an e 1 . 0 6 . 0

n - H e x a n e 1 . 2 5 7 . 0

n - P e n t e n e 1 . 6 5 7 . 7

N e o p en ta n e 1 .3 8 7 .2 2

N e o h ex a n e 1 .1 9 7 .5 8

n - O c ta n e 0 . 9 5 3 . 2 0

i s o -O c ta n e 0 . 7 9 5 . 9 4

IJK & team 55

The limits indicated are for gas and air at 20 o C and atmosphericpressure

Ventilations are important for areas where flammable gases is stored

Ventilation, must be sufficient to limit the concentration of flammablegases or vapors to a maximum level of 25% of their LEL/LFL.◦ Minimum ventilation required: 1 cfm/sq.ft .◦ Recommended ventilation: 2 cfm/sq.ft or 12 air changes per hour -

half the air supplied and exhausted near the ceiling and half near thefloor

IJK & team 56

Fuel Gas

"Lower Explosive orFlammable Limit"(LEL/LFL)(% )

"Upper Ex plosive orFlam mable Lim it"(UEL/UFL)(% )

n-Pentane 1.4 7.8

iso-Pentane 1.32 9.16

Propane 2.1 10.1

Propylene 2.0 11.1

Silane 1.5 98

Styrene 1.1 6.1

Toluene 1.27 6.75

Triptane 1.08 6.69

p -X yl en e 1 .0 6 .0


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IJK & team K3 Kimia

Substances can gain entry into the body bythe following routes:

1. Inhalation through the lungs (the mostcommon route of entry);

2. Ingestion through the mouth;

3. Absorption through the skin;

4. Injection or a wound (less commonly).

IJK & team 57

IJK & 58

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