KISIF AJREK NAGNUKGNIL ADAP IAWAGEP ISPESREP HURAGNEPIAWAGEP AJRENIK PADAHRET KISIF NON NAD

adap susaK idutS noluK netapubaK hisagneP natamaceK rotnaK id iawagePatrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD isnivorP ogorP

I S P I R K S

utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD tarayS

imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM idutS margorP nemejanaM

: helO

otnawruP irA ardnahC senahoY

0 : MIN 822 041 64

NEMEJANAM IDUTS MARGORP NASURUJ NEMEJANAM IMONOKE SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU ATRAKAYGOY

02 31

i

KISIF AJREK NAGNUKGNIL ADAP IAWAGEP ISPESREP HURAGNEPIAWAGEP AJRENIK PADAHRET KISIF NON NAD

adap susaK idutS noluK netapubaK hisagneP natamaceK rotnaK id iawagePatrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD isnivorP ogorP

I S P I R K S

utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD tarayS

imonokE anajraS raleG helorepmeM idutS margorP nemejanaM

: helO

otnawruP irA ardnahC senahoY

0 : MIN 822 041 64

NEMEJANAM IDUTS MARGORP NASURUJ NEMEJANAM IMONOKE SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU ATRAKAYGOY

02 31

ii

iii

vi

NAHABMESREP NAD OTTOM

gnaY gnaroeseS idajneM kutnU kadiT halaboC ialinreB gnaY gnaroeseS idajneM ipateT ,seskuS

)SIETNIE TREBLA(

uk tapad arakreP alageS gnay AID malad gnuggnatukadapek nataukek irebmem

)41:3 ipiliF(

,iridneS umiriD idajneM aneraK icnebiD umaK kiaB hibeLniaL gnarO idajneM aneraK iakusiD umaK adapiraD

7691 NIABOC TRUK( - )4991

:kutnu nakabmesrepuk ini ispirkS

adnuB nad sutsirK suseY nahuT airaM ,naatreynep ,hisak aumes sata ulales gnay ,ukpudih id rilagnem ulales nad sibah hanrep kat gnay takreb

.uknaktaugnem nad gnibmibmem

gnarO audeK ( ukauT inawruM gnadnE .lF nad otnawruP iduB .gA ,)a kid ( uk orotnairbA otniR .rF ) alages sata hisak amiret , nad nagnukud ,aod

.aynnaitahrep

id raseb agrauleK ogorP noluK nad ludiK gnunuG

,atnic ,nagnibmib ,naitahrep sata hisakamiret ,itawamusuK irA aksirF.aynaod nad nagnukud

,onoyirT gneggnaL sutreblA otnayraH irT ireH sata hisakamiret namalagnep ,naamasrebek .aynnagnukud nad

v

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

IMONOKE SATLUKAF NEMEJANAM NASURUJ – NEMEJANAM IDUTS MARGORP

SILUT AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

nagned ispirks awhab nakataynem ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY :luduj adaP iawageP ispesreP huragneP kisiF noN nad kisiF ajreK nagnukgniL

natamaceK rotnaK id iawageP adap susaK idutS( iawwageP ajreniK padahreTatrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD ogorP noluK netapubaK hisagneP .)

ispirks malad awhab aynhuggnuses alages nagned nakataynem ayas ini nagneDadit ini libma ayas gnay nial gnaro nasilut naigabes uata nahurulesek tapadret k

lobmis uata tamilak naiakgnar kutneb malad urinem uata ,nilaynem arac nagned gnay nial silunep irad narikimep uata tapadnep uata nasagag nakkujnunem gnay

haloes uka ayas - t iagabes halo naigab tapadret kadit uata nad iridnes ayas nasilu nasilut irad libma ayas gnay uata ,urit ,nilas ayas gnay nasilut nahurulesek uata

.aynilsa silunep adap naukagnep nakirebmem apnat nial gnaro m ajagnes kiab ,sataid tubesret lah nakukalem ayas alibapA ,kadit nupua

lisah iagabes nakuja ayas gnay ispirks kiranem nakataynem ayas ini nagned nakukalem ataynret ayas awhab itkubret naidumek aliB .ini iridnes ayas nasilut

haloes nial gnaro nasilut urinem uata nilaynem nakadnit - ayas narikimep lisah halo,iridnes ayas latab satisrevinu helo nakirebid halet gnay hasaji nad raleg itrareb.amiret

sutsugA 03 ,atrakaygoY 3102 naataynrep taubmem gnaY

otnawruP irA ardnahC senahoY

iv

HAIMLI AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMELSIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU

gnaY : amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb

amaN : otnawruP irA ardnahC senahoY

awsisahaM romoN 0 : 822 041 64

naakatsupreP adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeDyas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU :ludujreb gnay a ispesreP huragneP

iawwageP ajreniK padahreT kisiF noN nad kisiF ajreK nagnukgniL adaP iawageP noluK netapubaK hisagneP natamaceK rotnaK id iawageP adap susaK idutS(

P .)atrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD ogor

adapek nakirebmem ayas naikimed nagneD kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrevinU kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad nakhilagnem ,napmiynem id aynnakisakilbupmem nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem ,atad nalakgnap

tnimem ulrep apnat simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu nial aidem uata tenretnI irad niji a aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas adapek itlayor nakirebmem nupuam ayas

.silunep iagabes ayas

,aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD

: laggnat adaP sutsugA 03 3102

nakataynem gnaY

uP irA ardnahC senahoY otnawr

iiv

RATNAGNEP ATAK

halet gnay ,asE ahaM gnaY nahuT taridah ek hisak amiret nad rukuys ijuP

nakiaseleynem tapad aggnihes silunep adapek ainurak nad tamhar nakhapmilem

ispirks ini u tarays utas halas ihunemem kutnu naujutreb ini ispirks nasiluneP . kutn

jras raleg helorepmem nemejanaM idutS margorP adap ana imonokE satlukaF ,

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU atrakaygoY .

nad nagnibmib ,nautnab tapadnem silunep ini ispirks nakiaseleynem malaD

gnem silunep uti anerak helO .kahip iagabreb irad nahara u nakpac hisak amiret

rasebes gnay - aynraseb :adapek

.1 Rom ukales ,.JS ,amatmatoyirP onoyriW suluaP .rI .rD o satisrevinU rotkeR

amrahD atanaS atrakaygoY

.2 rD . iS .M ,ojdiraM yrreH ,. ukales atanaS satisrevinU ,imonokE satlukaF nakeD

atrakaygoY amrahD .

.3 rD . ,otowruP sakuL .iS .M ,.E.S , s ukale ,nemejanaM idutS margorP auteK

.atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU ,imonokE satlukaF

.4 kapaB E.S ,otrainuY iduY .A . halet gnay I gnibmibmeP nesoD ukales ,.A.B.M ,

i ispirks nasilunep malad naras nad ,iskerok ,nagnibmib nakirebmem kaynab .in

.5 .srD kapaB halet gnay II gnibmibmeP nesoD ukales ,.iS .M ,otnawreoP ardneH

silunep adapek tagnames nad narikip ,utkaw ,naitahrep nakharucnem nanekreb

.ini ispirks nakiaseleynem nad nusuynem kutnu

.6 kaF ,nemejanaM idutS margorP nesoD ubI nad kapaB panegeS ,imonokE satlu

gnay umli nakirebmem halet gnay atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.nahailukrep sesorp amales silunep igab anugreb tagnas

iiiv

.7 halet hisakamiret ,ogorP noluK netapubaK hisagneP natamaceK tamaC kapaB

.aynnaitilenep kutnu naknijiid

.8 S ubI itaiduR atres naiawagepeK nad mumU .gaB.buS.aK ukales ,dP.S ,n

hurules p aynamasajrek nad nautnab sata hisakamiret ,aynnarajaj nad iawage

.ini amales

.9 ubI nad otnawruP iduB sunitsugA kapaB ,atnicret ukaut gnaro audeK

alel hanrep kadit gnay ,inawruM gnadnE anitnerolF hisak nakirebmem h

adapek tagnames atres ,lairetam nupuam lirom nagnukud nad ,aod ,gniyas

ubI nad hayA iatreyneM sutsirK suseY nahuT apaB hallA takreB .silunep

.atnicret

.01 .aynaod ,nagnukud sata hisak amiret orotnairbA otniR suksisnarF ukkidA

M sutsirK suseY .umhakgnal itakrebme

.11 ,aod ,naitregnep ,hisak ,naitahrep sata raed hisakamiret itawamusuK irA aksirF

ULI .ini amales aynnagnukud nad

.21 S rreH gnaB ,zxnaM treblA uktabaha ,eW is , ,mocnO ynO ,ketI ,kotI ,sulegnA

iruJ ,tudneG sunaivatcO ,Y irA ,zooiD ,zuiP ,yddaY ,eiGmO ,tudneG erdnA ,d

amiret utas rep utas naktubes silunep saib kadit gnay kahip aumes nad iyaR

nnagnukud nad adnac ,atirec ,aynaamasrebek sata hisak tagnaS .ini amales ay

ib aggnab sa .aumes nailak lanegnem

.31 namet huruleS - 02 natakgna aumes aynsusuhk namet kaynab halet gnay 80

.aynnaitahrep nad ,hisak ,namalagnep nakirebmem

.41 namet huruleS - adnac ,atirec sata hisak amiret onilaeR otoS gnuraW namet

.aumes nailak nagned lupmukreb gnanes tagnaS .aynnaamasrebek nad awat

xi

.51 namet huruleS - utitsnI ulpmeK olgoJ namet O ,et ,raH mO ,nawrI mO ,koyoY m

lupmukreb aggnaB .ayntagnames nad nagnukud sata hisak amiret ,tigiS ,gnedA

.nailak nagned

.61 alages sata utas rep utas naktubes silunep asib kadit gnay kahip aumeS

.gnusgnal kadit nupuam gnusgnal araces kiab nagnukud

arahreb siluneP p tubesret kahip aumes nagnukud nad ,nakiabek alages agomes

.sutsirK suseY nahuT irad hapmilem gnay takreb naktapadnem sataid siluneP

hisam ini ispirks awhab iradaynem .anrupmes irad huaj agomes atak rihkA

sam nahab idajnem tapad nad taafnamreb ini ispirks naker igab naku - malad naker

.ispirks nusuynem

,atrakaygoY sutsugA 03 3102

otnawruP irA ardnahC senahoY

x

ISI RATFAD

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ......................... i

GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ ................. ii

NAHASEGNEP NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ............ iii

NAHABMESREP NAD OTTOM NAMALAH ................................ ................. vi

AILSAEK NAATAYNREP SILUT AYRAK N ................................ ................. v

AYRAK ISAKILBUP NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI ................................ ............. iv

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ ....................... iiv

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ................................ .... x

LEBAT RATFAD ................................ ................................ ............................. x iii

RABMAG RATFAD ................................ ................................ ......................... xv

NARIPMAL RATFAD ................................ ................................ ...................... xiv

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ..… xv ii

CARTSBA T .. ................................ ................................ ................................ xv ii i

NAULUHADNEP I BAB ................................ ................................ ................. 1

.A aL rat gnakaleB halasaM ................................ ................................ ...... 1

.B nasumuR halasaM ................................ ................................ ............... 3

.C nasataB halasaM ................................ ................................ ................. 3

.D naujuT naitileneP ................................ ................................ ................ 4

.E taafnaM naitileneP ................................ ................................ .............. 4

AKATSUP NAIJAK II BAB ................................ ................................ ............. 6

.A nasadnaL iroeT ................................ ................................ ................... 6

.1 nemejanaM naitregneP ................................ ................................ .. 6

ix

.2 aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM ................................ ............... 6

.3 isgnuF aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM ................................ .... 8

.4 ispesreP ................................ ................................ ......................... 11

.5 ajreK nagnukgniL ................................ ................................ .......... 71

.6 ajreniK ................................ ................................ .......................... 12

.B naitileneP aynmulebeS ................................ ................................ ........ 52

.C akgnareK lautpesnoK ................................ ................................ .......... 62

.D sisetopiH naitileneP ................................ ................................ ............ 62

NAITILENEP IGOLODOTEM III BAB ................................ ........................... 82

.A naitileneP sineJ ................................ ................................ ................... 82

.B naitileneP keybO nad keybuS ................................ .............................. 82

.C isakoL nad utkaW ................................ ................................ ............... 82

.D narukugneP nad naitileneP lebairaV ................................ .................... 28

.E lebairaV narukugneP alakS ................................ ................................ . 03

.F lepmaS nad isalupoP ................................ ................................ ........... 13

.G lepmaS nautneneP kinkeT ................................ ................................ ... 23

.H ataD rebmuS ................................ ................................ ....................... 23

.I ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT ................................ ................................ .. 23

.J nemurtsnI naijugneP kinkeT ................................ ............................... 33

.K ataD sisilanA kinkeT ................................ ................................ ........... 53

.1 kisalK ismusA ijU ................................ ................................ ... 53

.2 adnagreb raenil isergeR sisilanA ................................ .............. 73

.3 F ijU ................................ ................................ ........................ 73

.4 eoK neisif isanimreteD ................................ ..................... 83

MAG VI BAB NAITILENEP KEYBUS MUMU NARAB ................................ . 04

.A iawageP isamroF atreseB isasinagrO rutkurtS nad isgnuF ,saguT

..……hisagneP natamaceK ................................ ........................... 04.…

.B iawageP isamroF hisagneP natamaceK ................................ ............... 74

.C noK hisagneP natamaceK mumU isid ................................ ................. 94

.D siM ,isiV ,i margorP nad ,narasaS ,naujuT ................................ .......... 25

iix

...…………………………NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA V BAB .58

.A nednopseR ispirkseD ................................ ................................ ......... 85

.B neP naitileneP nemurtsnI naijug ................................ .......................... 16

.C ataD sisilanA ................................ ................................ ..................... 46

.D nasahabmeP ................................ ................................ ....................... 72

UPMISEK IV BAB NASATABRETEK NAD NARAS ,NAL ............................ 87

.A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ ........................ 78

.B naraS ................................ ................................ .......................... …… 87

.C nasatabreteK ................................ ................................ ...................... 97

AKATSUP RATFAD ................................ ................................ ....................... 08

NARIPMAL ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 82

iiix

LEBAT RATFAD

aynmulebeS naitileneP 1 .II lebaT ................................ ................................ .... 52

hisagneP natamaceK rotnaK lipiS iregeN iawageP isalupoP 1 .III lebaT

2102 nuhaT ................................ ................................ .................. 13

T iawageP isamroF 1 .VI leba ................................ ................................ ........... 47

2 .VI lebaT rutarapA nakididneP takgniT ................................ ......................... 84

almuJ 3 .VI lebaT hisagneP natamaceK iawageP h ................................ ............ 84

neM kududneP halmuJ 4 .VI lebaT nimaleK sineJ nad rumU turu ..................... 05

halmuJ 5 .VI lebaT amagA nakrasadreB kududneP ................................ .......... 15

.VI lebaT lamroF nakididneP agabmeL 6 ................................ .......................... 15

lamroF noN nakididneP agabmeL 7 .VI lebaT ................................ .................. 25

dnopseR ataD 1 .V lebaT nimaleK sineJ nakrasadreB ne ................................ ... 95

taD 2 .V lebaT aisU nakrasadreB nednopseR a ................................ ................. 95

reB nednopseR ataD 3 .V lebaT rihkareT nakididneP nakrasad ......................... 06

nopseR ataD 4 .V lebaT asadreB ned ajrekeB amaL nakr ................................ ... 16

ebaT satidilaV ijU lisaH 5 .V l ................................ ................................ .......... 36

.V lebaT satilibaileR ijU lisaH 6 ................................ ................................ ...... 46

7 .V lebaT satiraenilokitluM ijU lisaH ................................ ............................. 56

lebaT satilamroN ijU lisaH 8 .V ................................ ................................ ....... 76

9 .V lebaT stneiciffeoC ................................ ................................ .................... 96

avonA 01 .V lebaT ................................ ................................ ........................... 96

ledoM 11 .V lebaT yrammuS ................................ ................................ ............ 96

rokS lavretnI 21 .V lebaT ................................ ................................ ................... 27

iawageP ispesreP ataD sislanA lisaH 31 .V lebaT

vix

kisiF ajreK nagnukgniL adaP ................................ ..................... 37

iawageP ispesreP ataD sisilanA lisaH 41 .V lebaT

daP kisiF noN ajrek nagnukgniL a ................................ .................. 47

isaH 51 .V lebaT nA l iawageP ajreniK ataD sisila ................................ ......... 57.…

vx

RABMAG RATFAD

1 .V rabmaG ettacS tolpr satisitsadekoreteH ijU ................................ ................ 66

satilamroN ijU 2 .V rabmaG ................................ ................................ ............. 86

ivx

NARIPMAL RATFAD

renoiseuK 1 naripmaL ................................ ................................ .................... 38

salubaT 2 naripmaL ilanA nad ataD i ataR sis - ataR ................................ .......... 78

3 naripmaL kisalK ismusA ijU ,satilibaileR nad satidilaV ijU lisaH

sisilanA nad adnagreB isergeR ................................ ................. 09

iivx

KARTSBA

HURAGNEP NAGNUKGNIL ADAP IAWAGEP ISPESREP AJREK KISIF NON NAD KISIF AJRENIK PADAHRET

IAWAGEP aK idutS hisagneP natamaceK id iawageP adaP sus netapubaK ogorP noluK

vorP atrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD isni

otnawruP irA ardnahC senahoY :MIN 640412280

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU 3102

kutnu naujutreb ini naitileneP natlumis huragnep ada hakapa iuhategnem lebairav ep adap iawagep ispesr padahret kisif non nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil

iawagep ajrenik lipis iregen id noluK netapubaK hisagneP natamaceK rotnaKatrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD ogorP .

lepmas nalibmagnep kinkeT .fitatitnauk naitilenep halada ini naitilenep sineJalad nakanuggnem ini naitilenep m gnilpmas evisoprup . atad sisilana kinkeT

isergeR sisilanA nakanuggnem ini naitilenep malad reiniL nagned adnagreB igabmem nad aracnawaw utiay nakanugid gnay atad nalupmugnep kinkeT .SSPS

iregen iawagep hurules adapek renoiseuk nagned hisagneP natamaceK rotnak lipisiseuk 23 halmuj A iapmas teraM nalub adap nakukalid gnay reno .3102 lirp

nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesrep awhab nakujnunem atad sisilana lisaHagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesrep ,iggnit irogetak malad kusamret kisif ajrek n

malad adareb iawagep ajrenik nad iggnit irogetak malad kusamret kisif non ajrek ada awhab aguj iuhatekid atad sisilana lisah nakrasadreB .iggnit irogetak nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesrep aratna natlumis araces huragnep

padahret kisif non netapubaK hisagneP natamaceK rotnak id iawagep ajrenik.atrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD isnivorP ogorP noluK

iiivx

SBA TCART

ECNEULFNI EHT EHT NO NOITPECREP SEEYOLPME FO GNIKROW LACISYHP NON DNA LACISYHP

TNEMNORIVNE ECNAMROFREP SEEYOLPME SDRAWOT no ydutS esaC pmE eht buS ta eeyol - ogorP noluK hisagneP fo tcirtsiD

atrakaygoY fo tcirtsiD laicepSycnegeR

otnawruP irA ardnahC senahoY :MIN 640412280

YTISREVINU AMRAHD ATANAS ATRAKAYGOY

3102 rehtehw tuo dnif ot erew hcraeser siht fo evitcejbo ehT saw ereht

natlumis e ecneulfni suo fo ep noitpecr noeeyolpme lacisyhp non dna lacisyhpsdrawot tnemnorivne gnikrow ecnamrofrep seeyolpme eht ta bus fo eciffO - tcirtsid

hisagneP ogorP noluK fo tcirtsiD laicepS ycneger atrakaygoY . yduts esac a saw yduts sihT . esohc saw elpmas ehT gnisu n evisoprup

gnilpmas . desu euqinhcet sisylana atad ehT gnisu yb noisserger raenil elpitlum .SSPS eranoitseuq dna noitatnemucod fo sdohtem eht gnisu detcelloc saw ataD

detubirtsid ot eht ta tnavres livic bus fo eciffo - tcirtsid hisagneP yb 23 fo tnuomaeranoitseuq gnirud nekatrednu raM hc litnu .3102 lirpA

yduts siht fo tluser ehT detacidni taht noitpecrep seeyolpme ni cisyhp la tnemnorivne gnikrow saw level hgih ni , lacisyhp non ninoitpecrep seeyolpme tnemnorivne gnikrow ni saw level hgih dna ep seeyolpme ecnamrofr saw hgih ni

level . sisylana atad fo tluser eht no desaB derevocsid tnacifingis a saw ereht non dna lacisyhp fo noitpecrep seeyolpme neewteb ecneulfni suoenatlumis fo eciffo eht ta ecnamrofrep seeyolpme eht sdrawot tnemnorivne gnikrow lacisyhp

bus - .atrakaygoY fo tcirtsiD laicepS ycneger ogorP noluK hisagneP tcirtsid

1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

.A halasaM gnakaleB rataL

gnay natoros utas halas nakapurem )MDS( aisunaM ayaD rebmuS

ajat gnilap naahasurep naanaskalep malad m . ini lah malaD P iawage N irege

S lipi anerak naitahrep tapadnem ulrep gnay aisunam ayad rebmus nakapurem

kusamret .nanugnabmep utaus nalisahrebek utnenep

irad naujuT rebmus gnadib malad rebmus raga halada aisunam ayad

raneb aynikilimid gnay ajrek aganet uata aisunam ayad - ajrekeb tapad raneb

apa nagned iauses tubesret isnatsni helo naknigniid gnay ajrenik aynitrA .

agro isnatsni uata isasin adap gnutnagret nakhab nad ihuragnepid tagnas

aynikilimid gnay aisunam ayad rebmus naupmamek nad satilauk . turuneM .bT

:6002( ariwarpukgnaM irfajS naajrekep sesorp irad lisah halada ajrenik )351

ad utkaw adap anacneret araces utnetret atres nawayrak irad tapmet n

rebmus nanarep uti anerak helO .natukgnasreb isasinagro malad aisunam ayad

isnatsni sativitka hurules amatu kareggnep iagabes anerak gnitnep haltagnas

utaus aynkadit lisahreB .nahatniremep isnatsni naknahatrepmem malad

netsiske naktakgninem malad iridnes uti aisunam ahasu irad ialumid aynis

.lamiskam araces ajrek isneisife nad sativitkefe

sagut nakanaskalem malaD - nagnubuhreb ajrek aganet paites aynsagut

.aynnagnukgnil helo ihuragnepid tagnas nad gnusgnal L tapad ajrek nagnukgni

id ratna nagnubuh nad ,ajrek isidnok ,satilisaf ,kopmolek agit idajnem igab

2

.nawayrak kutnu satilisaf macam iagabreb aynnakaidesiD .nawayrak

gnay ajrek isidnok narutagneP .ajrek isidnok halasam halada audek kopmoleK

naktakgninem naka kiab ajrenik .naahasurep aratna ajrek isidnok narutagneP

narutagnep ,aradu uhus narutagnep ,ajrek gnaur nagnarenep narutagnep nial

nanamaek nad ,nakulrepid gnay kareg gnaur ,anraw nahilimep ,gnisib araus

agitek gnay kopmoleK .nawayrak nawayrak nagnubuh halasam halada .

k nagnukgniL s helo nakulrepid tagnas tahes nad nama gnay ajre paite

iawagep ajrekeb tapad gnaroeses halnaikimed gnay ajrek isidnok anerak ,

ihunemem nakparahid tapad nupaynajrek lisah aggnihes ,gnanet araces

habureb halet ajrek nagnukgniL .nakpatetid halet gnay tradnats utaus idajnem

gnaro aratna tauk gnay nitab nataki iaynupmem gnay nagnukgnil - id gnaro

halet uti ajrek nagnukgnil ayntakekah adap anerak ,uti nagnukgnil malad

ajrek nagnukgnil naatpicneP.ajrekep igab audek gnay aggnat hamur idajnem

anaras naadagnep nad - aras arap natamalesek nimajnem tapad gnay ajrek an

p iawage nakapurem iawagep irad iwaisunam natutnut isasinagro padahret uata

.ajrekeb iawagep tapmet isnatsni

halet itrareb nakgnaneynem gnay ajrek tapmet nakirebmeM

yn gnay naasarep naklubminem ajrekeb malad nama iawagep adap aggnihes ,

nasorobmep irad nakradnihid uata ignarukid tapad naikimed arac nagned

.ajrek naakalecek aynkaynab nad ,natahesek ayntosorem ,ayaib nad utkaw

rek nagnukgnil nakatpicnem tapad naahasureP malad nakgnaneynem gnay aj

itra n ay nagnubuh ada kiab gnay iawagep aratna ,iawagep ratna ,nasata nagned

3

tapad naka akam ,ajrek gnaur id nanamaek ,natahesek agajnem atres

aktakgninem .iawagep ajrenik n

nakukalem kutnu silunep gnorodnem sata id naiaru nakrasadreB

ned naitilenep luduj nag P ISPESREP HURAGNEP“ ADAP IAWAGE

AJREK NAGNUKGNIL KISIF NON NAD KISIF PADAHRET

IAWAGEP AJRENIK LIPIS IREGEN id NATAMACEK ROTNAK

HAREAD ISNIPORP OGORP NOLUK NETAPUBAK HISAGNEP

”ATRAKAYGOY AWEMITSI .

.B halasaM nasumuR

ta id nakiaruid anamiagabes halasam gnakaleb ratal nakrasadreB ,sa

halada ini naitilenep nahalasamrep nasumur :

natlumis huragnep ada hakapA adap iawagep ispesrep ajrek nagnukgnil

iawageP ajrenik padahret kisif non nad kisif lipiS iregeN natamaceK id

?atrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD isniporP ogorP noluK netapubaK hisagneP

.C B halasaM nasata

gnatnet halasam nasatab halada ini tukireB P ne iawageP ispesreP hurag

L adaP ni iawageP ajreniK padahreT ajreK nagnukg lipiS iregeN rotnaK id

K P natamace hisagne awemitsI hareaD isniporP ogorP noluK netapubaK

Y atrakaygo ed iauses naitilenep raga sukof nad naitilenep kipot nagn :

.1 malad iawagep ajrenik itupilem itiletid naka gnay iawagep ajreniK

satitnauk ,ajrek satilauk ,aynnaajrekrep irad narasas/tegrat ihunemem

.ajrek

4

.2 nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil itupilem itiletid naka gnay ajrek nagnukgniL

sif non turuneM .ki S xelA otimesitiN :6991( l ,)211 kisif ajrek nagnukgni

itupilem s ,nagnanetek ,nagnarenep ,isalitnev ,nahisrebek anara - anarasarp

.gnaur atat nad S itupilem kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil nakgnade isakinumok

p iskaretni uata nasata nagned iawage mok nad iskaretni uata isakinu

.iawagep amases nagned

.D naujuT

nakrasadreB sata id naksumurid halet gnay halasam naitilenep irad naujut ,

halada ini :

kutnU gnem ada hakapa iuhate huragnep natlumis adap iawagep ispesrep

non nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil nik padahret kisif P ajre iawage N irege S lipi id

ogorP noluK netapubaK hisagneP natamaceK rotnaK awemitsI hareaD

atrakaygoY .

.E naitileneP taafnaM

.1 ogorP noluK netapubaK hatniremeP igaB atrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD

pesrep gnatnet isamrofni nakirebmem tapad ini naitilenep nakparahiD is

rotnaK id iawagep kisif non nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil gnatnet iawagep

.ogorP noluK netapubaK hisagneP natamaceK

.2 amrahD atanaS satisrevinU awsisahaM igaB

P naitilene ini taafnamreb kutnu habmanem nauhategnep ianegnem rotkaf -

otkaf r ay ihuragnepmem gn enik p ajr iawage .

5

.3 amrahD atanaS satisrevinU igaB

nahab uata naacab nahabmat nakidajid asib nakparahid naitilenep lisaH

.sinejes naitilenep irad nagnidnabrep tapad nakparahid ini naitileneP

.ayntujnales itilenep igab isnerefer nahabmat nakirebmem

.4 tileneP igaB i

nauhategnep nasawaw habmanem tapad nakparahid ini naitilenep lisaH

ainud nagned amiretid halet gnay iroet nakparenem malad namalagnep nad

.takaraysam malad atayn araces idajret gnay atkaf uata atayn gnay

6

II BAB

NAIJAK AKATSUP

.A iroeT nasadnaL

.1 nemejanaM

.a 4002( aromamiS yrneH turuneM sesorp halada nemejanam ,)4 :

iapacnem kutnu aisunam ayad rebmus nad ukab nahab naanugayadnep

,nahara ,isasinagro naktabilem ini sesorP .nakpatetid gnay naujut

nad isanidrook ulave gnaro isa - .tubesret naujut iapacnem anug gnaro

.b turuneM ,)3 :4002( tohiraM nad gnallunaM halada nemejanam nad ines

umli nad naharagnep ,nanusuynep ,naisasinagrognep ,naanacnerep

kutnu aisunam ayad rebmus amaturet ,ayad rebmus nasawagnep

nay naujut iapacnem .uluhad hibelret nakutnetid halet g

aparebeb iraD sataid naitregnep upmisek kiratid nemejanam awhab nal

ines halada aanacnerep sesorp nad umli , ,naisasinagrognep ,n ,nanusuynep

naharagnep nasawagnep nad ayad rebmus gnaro naktabilem gnay - gnaro

iapacnem kutnu nakpatetid halet gnay naujut lanoisasinagro .

.2 aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM

arap turunem aisunam ayad rebmus nemejanam naitregnep aparebeB

: tukireb iagabes ilha

.a m ,)6 :8002( idnayfoS namreH halada aisunam ayad rebmus nemejana

akparenem malad igetarts utaus isgnuf n - utiay nemejanam isgnuf

p ,gnizinagro ,gninnal ortnoc & ,gnidael l ,gnil sativitka paites malad

7

,iskeles ,nakiranep sesorp irad ialum MDS lanoisarepo isgnuf uata

,isomorp itupilem gnay natapmenep ,nagnabmegnep nad nahitalep

inep ,refsnart nad ,isomed ,isasnepmok nairebmep ,ajrenik naial

nakujutid gnay ,ajrek agnubuh nasutumep aggnih ,lairtsudni nagnubuh

padahret isasinagro MDS irad fitkudorp isubirtnok natakgninep igab

.neisife nad fitkefe hibel araces isasinagro naujut naiapacnep

.b iwlA ayS fh a S.M nidur . 002( 8: 70 ) m , aisunam ayad rebmus nemejana

isasinagro malad inasni ayad rebmus naalolegnep arac nagned natiakreb

nakirebmem upmam raga aynihuragnepmem gnay nagnukgnil nad

.isasinagro naujut naiapacnep iagab lamitpo araces isubirtnok

.c treboR turuneM caJ nad nosk 002( 6: 3), rebmus nemejanam ayad

halada aisunam nagnacnar metsis - haubes malad lamrof metsis

fitkefe araces aisunam takab naanuggnep nakitsamem kutnu isasinagro

naujut iapacnem anug neisife nad - .lanoisasinagro naujut

isinifed iraD - pad sataid isinifed nemejanam awhab naklupmisid ta

nakparenem gnay nemejanam irad gnabac nakapurem aisunam ayad rebmus

isgnuf - utiay nemejanam isgnuf gnidael ,gnizinagro ,gninnalp &

ortnoc l ,gnil sativitka paites malad aisunam ayadrebmus nemejanam , ayn

ac nagned natiakreb aguj rebmus naalolegnep ar malad inasni ayad

nagned iapacret tapad isasinagro naujut aggnihes nagnukgnil nad isasinagro

fitkefe isasinagro nupuam idabirp irid igab nasaupek ada nad neisife

.tubesret

8

.3 aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM isgnuF

s halada rejanam gnaroeS naknalajnem gnay gnaroe nad aynnabijawek

anewew gnaroes idaJ .ailanosrep padahret aynnanipmimepek nad ayngn

iagabreb naknalajnem surah rejanam itupilem gnay nemejanam isgnuf :

.a lairejanaM isgnuF

gnanewew ikilimem gnay isgnuf halada lairejanam isgnuF

ipmimepek rebmus padahret anan isgnuf pukacnem aisunam ayad -

tukireb iagabes isgnuf :

)1 ( naanacnereP P )gninnal

nataigek apureb lairejanam isgnuf halada naanacnereP - nataigek

isasinagro naujut naujut napatenep uata nahilimep itupilem gnay

ajibek ,igetarts nautnenep atres ,rudesorp ,margorp ,keyorp ,naanask

id halet gnay tradnats nad naraggna ,metsys edotem kutnu nakhutub

.naujut iapacnem

)2 ( naisasinagrogneP O )gnizinagr

nataigek apureb lairejanam isgnuf halada halada naisasinagrogneP -

nataigek rebmus nautnenep itupilem gnay - mus nad ayad reb

nataigek -k naujut iapacnem kutnu nakhutubid gnay nataige

,isasinagro uata isasinagro utaus nagnabmegnep nad naanacnerep

lah awabmem tapad naka gnay kopmolek - haraek tubesret lah

naisagelednep atres utnetret bawaj gnuggnat nasagunep ,naujut

wew udividni adapek nakulrepid gnay gnane - ni kutnu udivid

sagut nakanaskalem - .aynsagut

9

)3 ( naharagneP )gnitceriD

naktapadnem uata taubmem kutnu nataigek halada naharagneP

nad naahasurep naknigniid gnay apa nakukalem ajrek aganet arap

kal akerem aynsurahes gnay apa ikilimem naahasurep haleteS .naku

isgnuf nakulrepid aynnakanaskalem kutnu akam ,anacner

nad sagut malad ada gnay anacner nakanaskalem utiay ayntukireb

.lanoisarepo naajrekep

)4 ( nasawagneP tnoC rol )gnil

ad arac naparenep nad naumenep nataigek halada nasawagneP n

gnay apa iauses nakukalid halet awhab nimajnem kutnu natalarep

kutnu naujutreb ini nasawagnep isgnuF .nakpatetid halet

ulal anacner nagned naanaskalep nakgnidnabmem nad itamagnam

.nagnapmiynep idajret alib iskerognem

.b lanoisarepO isgnuF

noisarepo isgnuF iaynupmem tapad kadit gnay isgnuf halada la

ialem ,hatniremem gnanewew n nad sagut amirenem aynah nak

kusamret gnay ini tukireB .lairejanam isgnuf hawab id naknalajnem

utiay lanoisarepo isgnuf malad :

)1 ajrek aganet naadagneP

su halada ajrek aganet naaadagneP halmuj helorepmem kutnu aha

isasinagro naujut iapacnem kutnu tapet gnay nawayrak sinej nad

ahutubek gnatnet tukgnaynem amaturet nad ajrek aganet n

aynnakiranep .aynnatapmenep nad iskeles ,

01

)2 ajrek aganet nagnabmegneP

tnu ahasu halada ajrek aganet nagnabmegneP naktakgninem ku

tek e nahital tawel nalipmar ( )gninnart tapad kutnu nakulrepid gnay

.kiab nagned sagut naknalajnem

)3 k nairebmeP isasnepmo

k nairebmeP lida gnay naagrahgnep nairebmep halada isasnepmo

rem nagnabmus nagned iauses nawyrak arap padahret kayal nad ake

itupilem ini naagrahgnep kutneB .isasinagro naujut iapacnem kutnu

isasnepmok kutneb iagabreb atres ,naijagnep ,nahapugnep

.isaerker nad isnarusa itrepes pakgnelep

)4 ajrek aganet naisargetnigneP

agnitnepek naiauseynep tukgnaynem nataigek halada isargetnI n-

nad isasinagro nagnitnepek nagned nagnarorep nagnitnepek

aganet pakis nad naasarep imahamem ulrep isasinagrO .takaraysam

nakajibek iagabreb nataubmep nakgnabmitrepmem malad ajrek

.isasinagro

)5 naarahilemeP

naknahatrepmem kutnu nataigek halada naarahliemeP nad

kititid naitahreP .ada halet gnay naahasurep isidnok naktakgninem

sidnok naarahilemep adap naktareb atres ajrek aganet kisif i

emep li .nakgnaneynem gnay pakis naarah

11

)6 k nagnubuh nasutumeP ajre

uata nakhasimem halada ajrek nagnubuh nasutumeP

nakilabmegnem laggnit ai anamid takaraysam adapek ajrek aganet

sesorp nakanaskalem bawaj gnuggnatreb isasinagrO .aynmulebes

nimajnem nad nakutnetid gnay nataraysrep nagned iauses ini KHP

mekid gnay takaraysam agraw .kiab naadaek malad uti nakilab

.4 ispesreP

.a eP naitregneP ispesr

)0002( reltoK anamiagab sesorp iagabes ispesrep naksalejnem

nakusam nakisaterpretnignem nad rutagnem ,iskeleynem gnaroeses -

gnay nahurulesek narabmag nakatpicnem kutnu isamrofni nakusam

awhab tapadnepreb )2002( atidnirA malad aragenukgnaM .itrareb

ep padahret ankam uata itra nairebmep sesorp utaus halada ispesr

,keybo narisfanep pukacem ispesrep ini lah malaD .nagnukgnil

mits naamirenep i( sulu n sulumits naisasinagrognep ,)tup narisfanep nad

arac nagned nakisasinagroid halet gnay sulumits padahret

nepmem tnebmep nad ukalirep ihurag snibboR nupadA .pakis naku

002( 5) ,nagnukgnil nagned aynnatiak malad ispesrep nakispirksednem

udividni anam id sesorp iagabes utiay - nad nakisasinagrognem udividni

adapek ankam irebmem raga akerem aredni nasek nakrisfanem

gnukgnil .akerem na

gnaroeses ispesrep awhab nakakumegnem )1991( otiglaW

sulumits aynah nakub ,nanarep gnagemem gnay fitka sesorp nakapurem

21

nagned nautasek utas iagabes udividni aguj ipatet aynianegnem gnay

namalagnep - ler gnay aynpakis atres isavitom ,aynnamalagnep nave

nagned aynnagnubuh malad udividnI .sulumits ipaggnanem malad

nakitragnem tapad kutnu natamagnep nakukalem ulales raul ainud

iagabes nakanugrepid aredni tala nad amiretid gnay nagnasgnar

sesorp ragA .raul ainud nagned udividni aratna nagnubuhgnep

agnep nakulrepid akam ,idajret uti natam keybo aredni tala itamaid gnay

iagabes amatrep hakgnal nakapurem naitahrep nad kiab pukuc gnay

itra malad ispesreP .natamagnep nakadagnem malad napaisrep utaus

naka gnay utauses padahret gnaroeses nagnadnap halada mumu

em .kadnitreb naka gnaroeses apa nagned nad anamiagab nopser taubm

R malad ttivaeL nebu 02( 21 aud idajnem ispesrep nakadebmem )

gnay nagnadnaP .saul nad tipmes araces nagnadnap utiay ,nagnadnap

naroeses anamiagab ,natahilgnep iagabes ispesrep nakitragnem tipmes g

aynnakitragnem saul gnay nagnadnap nakgnadeS .utauses tahilem

.utauses nakitragnem uata gnadnamem gnaroeses anamiagab iagabes

anamiagabes gnay ainud awhab iradaynem udividni irad raseb naigabeS

ned adebreb idaj ,naataynek nagned amas ulales kadit tahilid nag

adap hibel ipat utauses tahilem radekes aynah kadit ,tipmes natakednep

.tubesret utauses padahret aynnaitregnep

nakisargetnignem arac ianegnem sisilana itrareb ispesreP

lah padahret atik naparenep - nasek nagned udividni gnililekes id lah -

k snok uata nase ada hadus gnay pe adneb ilanegnem ayntujnales nad

31

iagabes hotnoc nakirebid naka ,ini lah imahamem kutnU .tubesret

aynmulebes gnay haub iapmujnem ilak amatrep urab udividni :tukireb

atik uhatirebmem gnay gnaro ada naidumek nad ,ilanek atik kadit

haub awhab magnem naidumek udividnI .aggnam aynaman uti atres ita

asar ,kutneb haalenem araces uti haub irad ,ayniagabes nial nad

)iromem( kaneb malad aggnam ianegnem pesnok lubmit ulaL .amaskas

,amas gnay haub iapmujnem taas ,aynnial natapmesek adaP .udividni

ni akam nasek nakanuggnem naka udivid - halet gnay pesnok nad nasek

ay awhab ilanegnem kutnu ikilim atik aggnam halada uti tahil atik gn .

awhab nalupmisek kiratid tapad sata id ispesrep isinifed iraD

,iskeleynem gnaroeses anamiagab sesorp utaus nakapurem ispesrep

nem nakusam nakisaterpretnignem nad rutag - nad isamrofni nakusam

namalagnep - kutnu aynnakrisfanem naidumek nad ada gnay namalagnep

.itrareb gnay narabmag nahurulesek nakatpicnem

.b ispesreP tafiS nad ispesreP sesorP

apurem ispesrep sesorp )1991( ta’raM malad troplA sesorp utaus nak

agnepid gnay fitingok alawarkac ,namalagnep helo ihur nad

nakirebmem naka rajaleb sesorp nad namalagneP .udividni nauhategnep

igab rutkurts nad kutneb keybo nakgnades ,aredni acnap pakgnatid gnay

ra nakirebmem naka alawarkac nad nauhategnep padahret it keybo gnay

narepreb naka udividni nenopmok aynrihka nad ,udividni pakgnatid

hakgnit nad pakis apureb gnay nabawaj aynaidesret nakutnenem malad

padahret udividni ukal keybo .ada gnay

41

.c rotkaF - ispesreP ihuragnepmeM gnay rotkaf

)3991( ahohT lA malad sutreb adap ispesrep awhab tapadnepreb

rotkaf nad lanretni rotkaf utiay ,rotkaf aud anerak idajret aynmumu

idni irid malad irad lasareb lanretni rotkaF .lanretske aynlasim ,udiv

naasaibek ,pakis halada lanretske rotkaf nakgnadeS .nauamek nad

rotkaf - y rotkaf uti sulumits itupilem gnay udividni raul irad lasareb gna

itilop nupuam laisos kiab ,iridnes 002( snibboR helo naksalejiD .k 5 )

udividni nupiksem awhab - udividni gnay adneb utas adap gnadnamem

amas adebreb aynnakispesrepmem tapad akerem , - halmujes adA .adeb

af ratumem gnadakret nad kutnebmem kutnu ajrekeb gnay rotk - nakkilab

p rotkaF .ispesre - irad ini rotkaf :

)1 ( ispesrep ukaleP reviecrep )

)2 keybO nakispesrepid gnay uata

)3 nakukalid uti ispesrep anamid isautis irad sketnoK

epes itam adneb padahret ispesrep nagned adebreB nisem ,ajem itr

gnay nalupmisek halada udividni padahret ispesrep ,gnudeg uata

.tubesret gnaro nakadnit nakrasadreb keybO ianekid pudih kadit gnay

mukuh - uata fitom ,nanikayek iaynupmem kadit ipatet mala mukuh

ayntabikA .aisunam adap ada gnay itrepes duskam naka udividni

nasalejnep nakgnabmegnem ahasureb - ukalirepreb apagnem nasalejnep

arac nagned - naialinep nad ispesrep ,uti anerak helO .utnetret arac

helo ihuragnepid kaynab pukuc naka gnaroeses padahret udividni

51

naiadnagnep - k ianegnem libmaid gnay naiadagnep i naadae gnaro lanretn

uti .

kitsiretkarak tapme igabmem )2002( akmaH malad pmaksO

rotkaf irad gnitnep - malad tapadret gnay laisos nad idabirp rotkaf

:utiay ,ispesrep

)1 rotkaF - irad iric rotkaf keybo .sulumits

)2 rotkaF - .tanim ,isnegeletni itrepes idabirp rotkaf

)3 aF rotk - .kopmolek huragnep rotkaf

)4 rotkaF - .larutluk gnakaleb ratal naadebrep rotkaf

.larutkurts nad lanoisgnuf rotkaf helo ihuragnepid udividni ispesreP

rotkaf halai lanoisgnuf rotkaF - aynlasiM .lanosrep tafisreb gnay rotkaf

amalagnep ,aisu ,udividni nahutubek ,naidabirpek ,ulal asam n sinej

nimalek lah nad - tafisreb gnay nial lah keybus larutkurts rotkaF .fit

ividni raul id rotkaf halada ayadub ,nagnukgnil aynlasim ,ud amron nad

uragnepreb tagnas laisos pmem malad gnaroeses padahret h er nakispes

.utauses

naiaru iraD awhab ,nalupmisek haubes kiratid tapad sata id

utiay ,lanretske nad lanretni rotkaf aparebeb helo ihuragnepid ispesrep

( ispesremep rotkaf reviecrep sketnok nad ispesrepid gnay keybo ,)

.nakukalid ispesrep isautis

61

.d kepsA - ispesreP kepsa

is ayntakekah adaP irad isaleretni utaus nakapurem halada pak

nenopmok anamid ,nenopmok iagabreb - turunem tubesret nenopmok

:utiay agit ada )1991( ta'raM malad tropllA

)1 K nenopmoK fitingo

uata nauhategnep rasad sata nususret gnay nenopmok utiaY

gnaroeses ikilimid gnay isamrofni iraD .aynpakis keybo gnatnet

utnetret nanikayek utaus kutnebret naka naidumek ini nauhategnep

.tubesret pakis keybo gnatnet

)2 fitkefA nenopmoK

idaJ .gnanes kadit nad gnanes asar nagned nagnubuhreb fitkefA

lin nagned tare nagnubuhreb gnay fitaulave ayntafis ia - ialin

.aynikilimid gnay ialin metsis uata naayadubek

)3 fitanoK nenopmoK

gnay ukal hakgnitreb kutnu gnaroeses napaisek nakapurem utiaY

.aynpakis keybo nagned nagnubuhreb

ispesrep awhab nakakumekid tapad aguj ini nasatab iraD

pmok gnudnagnem k ,fitingok neno fitkefa nenopmo nenopmok aguj nad

.ukalirepreb uata kadnitreb kutnu naaidesek nakapurem utiay ,fitanok

irad isatsefinam nakapurem pakis keybo utaus adap gnaroeses pakiS

kutnu iskaretnireb gnilas gnay tubesret nenopmok agitek isaletnok

d nakasarem ,imahamem .pakis keybo padahret ukalirepreb na agiteK

nad isaleretnireb gnilas uti nenopmok netsisnok aynnial nagned utas idaJ .

71

tapadret nenopmok agitek aratnaid lanretni araces naisasinagrognep

.tubesret

.5 ajreK nagnukgniL

.a ajreK nagnukgniL naitregneP

nagnukgniL ajrek nakapurem rotkaf gnay tagnas gnitnep id malad

.naahasurep nagnukgniL ajrek gnay kiab naka gnukudnem aynada takgnit ajrenik

ajrek gnay ,iggnit aggnihes naka tapad naktakgninem ajrenik irad

naahasurep gnay .natukgnasreb nagnukgniL ajrek ta kiab nakatakid ua

,tahes ,lamitpo araces nataigek nakanaskalem tapad aisunam alibapa iauses

.namayn nad nama akiJ nagnukgnil ajrek kadit tapad ihunepret iauses

nagned nahutubek ,nawayrak akam tapad naklubminem nanasobek nad

nahalelek aggnihes naka naknurunem nahariagek k ajre nawayrak gnay

aynrihka nawayrak kadit nakanaskalem sagut - sagut ayn araces

fitkefe nad .neisife urunem ajrek nagnukgnil naitregnep aparebeB t

tukireb iagabes ilha aparebeb :

)1 xelA .S esitiN m oti :6991( )901

nagnukgniL ajrek halada alages utauses gnay ada di ratikes ajrekep

nad tapad ihuragnepmem akerem malad naknalajnem sagut - sagut

gnay .naknabebid

)2 .T inaH okodnaH :2991( )532

nagnukgniL ajrek gnay kiab gnay tapad ihunemem nahutubek

nawayrak nagned ayniridnes nawayrak naka iradaynem gnatnet

gnuggnat aynbawaj padahret .naahasurep

81

nakrasadreB isinifed sataid akam tapad naklupmisid awhab

nagnukgnil ajrek ataynret tapad ihuragnepmem nawayrak malad

naknalajnem sagut - aynsagut aggnihes naka radas padahret gnuggnat

bawaj nagned .naahasurep

.b ajreK nagnukgniL F nad kisi kisiF noN ajreK nagnukgniL

rusnu utiay ,amatu gnay rusnu aud pukacnem ajrek nagnukgniL

ajrek nagnukgnil rusnu nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil tiN( sikisp ,otimesi

:6991 )211 :

)1 f nagnukgniL kisi ,naadnebek apureb gnay nagnukgnil halada

asib aggnihes es ihuragnepmem kadit nupuam gnusgnal arac

ajrekep igab gnusgnal tapad kisif nagnukgniL .ajrekeb taas adap

:tukireb iagabes nakkopmolekid

)a nahisrebeK

tapad naka hisreb gnay nagnukgnil naadaek nagneD

ihuragnepmem tapad aggnihes gnanes asar naklubminem

.ajrek tagnames

)b areneP nagn

taubmem naka ualis kadit nad pukuc gnay nagnarenep nagneD

nad itilet ,kiab hibel nagned naajrekep nakukalem tapad ajrekep

.ignarukid tapad nahalelek

)c nagnaneteK

habmanem tapad raga nagnanetek nakatpicnem surah naahasureP

ajrekep nasuiresek/isartnesnok adap et mp .ajrekeb ta

91

)d isalitneV

nad namayn nakasarem tapad ajrekep pukuc gnay isalitnev nagneD

id aradu .aynnaajrekep malad namayn raga rages asaret ratikes

)e anarasarp nad anaraS

natakgninep gnukudnem kutnu ini anarasarp nad anaraS

apad atres ,sativitkudorp nataafnamep habmat ialin irebmem t

igab iskudorp sesorp naanaskalep lah malad aynsusuhk kudorp

.naahasurep

)f naahasurep malad id tapmet naatanep uata gnaur ataT

uti babes helO .ajrekep sativitka gnukudnem tagnas tubesret laH

ukudid kaynab gnay gnaur naatanep gnay niased nagned gn

nasarek habmanem tapad aggnihes ,isairavreb id adareb ajrekep

.ajrek gnaur

)2 /sikisp nagnukgniL ratikesid adareb gnay nagnukgnil halada kisif non

aggnihes nitab nad naawijek tafisreb hibel gnay ,ajrek nagnukgnil

d ,gnaroeses ihuragnepmem taas naahasurep id ajrekep arap ini lah mala

nanipmip nagned nagnubuhreb gnay amaturet naajrekep nakukalem

/naahasurep .ajrek naker amases malad )1002( snibboR turuneM

l ,gninuN itupilem naahasurep malad sikisp nagnukgni :

)a nanipmip nagned ajrek nagnubuH epus( )isivr

asib nanipmip nagned kiab gnay nagnubuh naanibmeP

nad kiab hibel araces ajrek isnetop naktakgninem utnabmem

ales gnay isakinumok nanilaj hadumrepmem malad id sar

02

naahasurep pukgnil .

)b )isasilaisos( ajrek naker nagned amasajrek nagnubuH

nagned amasajreK utnabmem aguj tapad ajrek naker amases

nakukalem haduses nupuam naka taas isakinumokreb naracnalek

alibapa aynrasad adaP .kiab hibel nakhab kiab idajnem naajrekep

naka kiab nagned anibret tapad ajrek naker nagned nagnubuh

edi naklucnumem -i nasagag uata ed kiab hibel gnay . babes helO

gnaulep nakidajid tapad ajrekep adap ajrek lisah nakparahid uti

.naped asam id naahasurep igab amatu gnay

)c aynnaajrekep nagned ajrekep gnaroes nakococeK

tapet gnay aynnailhaek adap gnaroeses naktapmenem nagneD

jrekeb tapmet malad upmam aggnihes ,tapet gnay a

( aguj tapet gnay utkaw adap kudorp naklisahgnem thgir eht

emit thgir eht ni nosrep ).

)d ajrek naker nagned amasajreK

aratna nabarkaek nakdujuwem anug iagrahgnem gnilas pakiS

jrenik gnukudnem kutnu nakamatuid tagnas ajrekep amases a

ajrekep nagned kiab gnay nial .

)e ajrek nanamaeK

ajrek nanamaek nanimaj nakirebmem naahasurep nagneD

nakanaskalem taas naawayrak aggnihes nad suires nagned tapad

gnanet .

12

.6 ajreniK

.a ajreniK naitregneP

gnadak ajrenik atak naanuggneP - agned nakitraamasid gnadak n

pacnep ,ajrek lisah ,ajrek sativitkefe ,ajrek isatserp ,ajrek naia

ajrek sativitkudorp aparebeb halada tukireB .aynnial halitsi iagabreb nad

em ajrenik isinifed ilha aparebeb turun :

)1 ubarP rawnA aragenukgnaM 002( 7: 9 )

K lauk araces ajrek lisah halada ajreni gnay satitnauk nad sati

nagned iauses aynsagut nakanaskalem malad nawayrak helo iapacid

.aynnakirebid gnay bawaj gnuggnat

)2 :5002( irsaB ,iaviR )31

uata gnaroeses nalisahrebek natakgnit uata lisah halada ajreniKem maladid utnetret edoirep amales nahurulesek sagut nakanaskal

,ajrek radnats itrepes ,nanikgnumek iagabreb nagned nakgnidnabid uluhad hibelret nakutnetid halet gnay airetirk uata narasas uata tegrat

.amasreb itakapesid uata

tapad akam sataid ajrenik isinifed aparebeb nakrasadreB

awhab naklupmisid helo iapacid tapad gnay ajrek lisah halada ajrenik

nad satilauk malad isasinagro utaus malad kopmolek uata udividni

sagut naiapacnep satitnauk - gnuggnat nad gnanewew iauses sagut

gnay lisah iapacnem kutnu narasas uata tegrat ihunemem kutnu aynbawaj

kparahid .na

anaras iulalem akerem ajrenik raseb aparebes rajaleb asib iawageP

naialinep ipatet ,ajrek artim nad kiab gnay ratnemok itrepes ,lamrofni

naanaskaleP .ajrek isatserp naialinep uata naajrekep naanaskalep

22

tahilid itrareb nakub nahurulesek araces naajrekep aynkisif lisah irad

nagnubuh ,nilpisid ,ajrek naupmamek itrepes ,lah iagabreb itupilem ipatet

lah nad nanipmimepek ,ajrek - level nad gnadib nagned iauses susuhk lah

.itabajid gnay naajrekep

.b iawageP ajreniK

iL turuneM :1102( kkd ,alebmaniS katloP naj ,)631 iawagep ajrenik

utauses nakukalem malad iawagep naupmemek iagabes nakisinifedid

babes ,ulrep haltagnas iawagep ajrenik uti irad akaM .utnetret nailhaek

iawagep naupmamek huaj aparebes iuhatekid naka ini ajrenik nagned

knabebid gnay sagut nakanaskalem malad .aynadapek na

.c rotkaF - ajrenik ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf

( naayacrepek anerak helo iapacret tapad iggnit gnay ajreniK tsurt )

ggnit gnay kilab labmit atoggna aratna id i - arap aynitra aynatoggna

repmem atoggna kitsiretkarak ,satirgetni iayac paites naupmamek nad

a utkaw nakulremem iggnit gnay ajrenik iapacnem kutnU .nial atoggn

abmem kutnu amal naayacrepek nakulremem ,aynnugn tutnunem nad

.nemejanam kahip irad amaskes gnay naitahrep halada tukireB rotkaf -

k ihuragnepmem gnay rotkaf ajreni :

turuneM .bT pukgnaM irfajS r wa rotkaf ,ari - y rotkaf gna

:halada ajrenik ihuragnepmem

)1 gnay nawyrak utum umli kepsa pukacnem nawayrak kitsirtni rotkaF

,aisu ,natahesek ,isavitom ,namalagnep ,nakididnep apureb

.lautirips nad isome nalipomartek

32

)2 nagnukgnil pukacnem nawayrak kisnirtske rotkaF non nad kisif ajrek

,latnoziroh nad lakitrev isakinumok ,nanipmimepek ,kisif

nad ajrek rudesorp ,ajrek nabeb ,nahitalep ,satilisaf ,isasnepmok

.ayniagabes

naruku nakakumegnem naka itilenep ayntujnaleS - irad naruku ajrenik

nreB helo nakakumekid gnay nawayrak :3991( llessuR & nidna )531 gnay

malad semoG osodraC onitsuaF helo pitukid gninuN iagabes utiay

:tukireb

)1 krow fo ytitnauQ : edoirep utaus malad nakukalid gnay ajrek halmuj

.nakutnetid gnay

)2 krow fo ytilauQ : tarays nakrasadreb iapacid gnay ajrek satilauk -

ays .aynapaisek nad naiausesek tar

)3 egdelwonK boJ : nad naajrekep ianegnem nauhategnep aynsaul

.aynalipmaretek

)4 ssenevitaerC : nasagag nailsaek – nad naklucnumid gnay nasagag

nakadnit - nalaosrep nakiaseleynem kutnu nakadnit - gnay nalaosrep

.lubmit

)5 noitarepooC : aidesek uata nial gnaro nagned amasajrekeb kutnu na

isasinagro atoggna amases .

)6 ytilibadnepeD : naridahek lah malad ayacrepid tapad kutnu naradasek

.ajrek naiaseleynep nad

)7 evitaitinI : sagut nakanaskalem kutnu tagnames - malad nad nrab sagut

ynbawajgnuggnat rasebrepmem .a

42

)8 seitilauQ lanosreP : ,nanipmimepek ,naidabirpek tukgnaynem

.idabirp satirgetni nad nahamathamarek

.d araC -c ara ajreniK naktakgnineM

nakrasadreB )73 :3991( epmiT turunem naataynrep imE malad

,itawamtaF arac - em kutnu arac nial aratna ,ajrenik naktakgnin :

)1 aiD sisong

lamrofni araces nakukalid tapad anugreb gnay sisongaid utauS

naktakgninem kutnu kiratret gnay udividni paites helo

isaulavegnem malad aynnaupmamek .ajrenik ikiabrepmem nad

kinkeT - isavresbognem ,iskelfer :aynkinket nakragnednem ,ajrenik

ratnemok - emok utauses alages apagnem gnatnet nial gnaro ratn

jret rasad ilabmek isaulavegnem ,ida - asad ulal asam nasutupek r nad

utnabmem tapad gnay ajrek nairah natatac napmiynem uata tatacnem

ulrepmem babeynep rejanam nairacnep sa - .ajrenik babeynep

)2 nahitaleP

ayag haleteS ,imahapid nad ilanekid lanoisubirta nahitalep tapad

nagned nakanugid ini nauhategnep awhab nemejanam utnabmem

.tapet

)3 nakadniT

ahitalep nad margorp ada kadiT lisah iapacnem tapad gnay n

isubirta asilanA .aynnakanuggnem kutnu nagnorod apnat aynhunepes

araces nakukalid surah lasuak pahat irad naigab iagabes nitur - pahat

.lamrof ajrenik naialinep

52

.B aynmulebeS naitileneP

.II lebaT 1 aynmulebeS naitileneP

oN ,naitileneP sineJ

,itilenePsatisrevinU

ispirkS luduJ naitileneP lisaH edoteM

HURAGNEP SISILANA NAD NAAHASUREP AYADUB

AJREK NAGNUKGNIL AJRENIK PADAHRET

NAWAYRAK

nakanugid gnaygnilpmas kinkeT halada .gnilpmas ytilibaborp

kinkeT sisilanA ataD gnaynakanugid sisilana isergeranahredes nad adnagreb anerak

.X lebarav aud iaynupmem

1 gninuN :ispirkS )5002( itnadraH atanaS satisrevinUatrakaygoY ,amrahD

iraD lisah ,naitilenep kutnU naktakgninemajrenik nawayrak TP idA airtaS idabA )ASA(

akam kahip naahasurep nakukalemnatakgninep satilauk ayadub naahasurep nadnatakgninep satilauk nagnukgnil .ajrekayntujnaleS ianegnem nagnukgnil ,ajrek

nagnukgnil ajrek huragnepreb fitisop nadnakifingis padahret ajrenik ;nawayrak nikames

kiab nagnukgnil ajrek akam ajrenik nawayrak.iggnit nikames

aynah silunep itiletid gnay rotkaF ,MDS nagned natiakreb gnay ,naahasurep ayadub amaturet

ajrenik nad ajrek nagnukgnil satabret aynah naD .nawayrak

iskudorp naigab nawayrak adap.ajas

atrakaygoY ,namelS ,nasalaK id

abmem nagneD akam tubesret aynmulebes naitilenep isnerefer ac

igabmem nad naahasurep ayadub lebairav ignarugnem duskamreb silunep

adap ispesrep idajnem naitilenep iD .kisif non nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil

unep akam ajas ajrek nagnukgnil satabes itilenem aynah aynmulebes naka sil

idajnem ajrek nagnukgnil ianegnem naijak icnirem adap ispesrep nagnukgnil

iregeN iawageP ajrenik padahret aynhuragnep nad kisif non nad kisif ajrek

ogorP noluK netapubaK hisagneP natamaceK rotnaK id lipiS hareaD

.atrakaygoY awemitsI

62

.C noK akgnareK lautpes

dreB naitilenep luduj nakrasa , k akgnarek akam aynlautpesno araces

sitametsis :tukireb iagabes tahilid tapad

nagaB : rebmuS( lautpesnoK akgnareK 1.II irfajS .bT pukgnaM r ariwa )

nagab iraD tilenem nigni itilenep sataid lautpesnok akgnarek hakapa i

adap iawagep ispesrep araces huragnepreb kisif non nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil

tubesret kisif ajrek nagnukgniL .lipis iregen iawagep ajrenik padahret natlumis

irad tahilid naka s ,nagnanetek ,nagnarenep ,isalitnev ,nahisrebek anara -

anarasarp tat nad .gnaur a naka aynkisif non ajrek nagnukgnil irad nakgnadeS

irad tahilid iawagep iskaretni uata isakinumok nasata nagned isakinumok nad

iawagep amases nagned iskaretni uata .

.D sisetopiH naitileneP

inramuS itruM nad hamalaS 002( inuyhaW 6: awhab naktubeynem )23

nakpakgnuid gnay aratnemes naagud uata naataynrep nakapurem sisetopih

araces kutneb malad nakisalumrofid naagud uata naataynreP .fitaralked

,sata id nasumurep nakrasadreB .siripme araces ijuid asib raga lebairav

akam :utiay sisetopih nakujagnem silunep

adap iawageP ispesrePiL kisiF ajreK nagnukgn

( ) ajreniK

iawageP

)Y(

adap iawageP ispesreP noN ajreK nagnukgniL

kisiF ( )

72

kalotid nad amiretid : natlumis huragnep adA spesrep iawagep i

kisif non nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap ahret iawagep ajrenik pad rotnaK id

hisagneP natamaceK .

82

III BAB

NAITILENEP EDOTEM

.A naitileneP sineJ

adap susak iduts halada nakukalid gnay naitilenep sineJ iregeN iawageP

awemitsI hareaD ogorP noluK hisagneP natamaceK rotnaK id )SNP( lipiS

.atrakaygoY uti anerak helO helorepid gnay nalupmisek nalibmagnep

dahret itiletid gnay keybo pa .tubesret keybo atad adap satabret aynah

.B nad keybuS keybO naitileneP

gnay )SNP( lipiS iregeN iawageP hurules halada naitilenep keybuS

id nagnaur iaynupmem nad ajrekeb malad noluK hisagneP natamaceK rotnaK

kaygoY awemitsI hareaD ogorP ,atra nakgnades keybO halada naitilenep

atres natamaceK rotnaK id adareb gnay kisif non nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil

.iawagep ajrenik

.C isakoL nad utkaW

ogorP noluK hisagneP natamaceK rotnaK id naitilenep tapmeT

akgnadeS .atrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD naitilenep utkaw n nakukalid nalub

.3102 lirpA nagned iapmas teraM

.D naitileneP lebairaV

.1 lebairaV isakifitnedI

.a sabeB lebairaV

adap iawagep ispesrep halada ini naitilenep malad sabeb lebairaV

kisif non nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil

92

.b takireT lebairaV

reT lebairaV .iawagep ajrenik halada ini naitilenep malad taki

.2 lanoisarepO isinifeD

.a kisiF ajreK nagnukgniL

,naadnebek apureb gnay nagnukgnil halada kisif ajrek nagnukgniL

gnusgnal kadit nupuam gnusgnal araces ihuragnepmem asib aggnihes

idnI .ajrekeb taas iawagep igab ,isalitnev ,nahisrebek halada aynrotak

s ,nagnanetek ,nagnarenep anara - anarasarp .gnaur atat nad

.b kisif non ajrek nagnukgniL

halada kisif non ajrek nagnukgniL adareb gnay nagnukgnil

nitab nad naawijek tafisreb hibel gnay ,ajrek nagnukgnil ratikesid

ggnihes a id ajrekep arap ini lah malad ,gnaroeses ihuragnepmem

taas naahasurep nagnubuhreb gnay amaturet naajrekep nakukalem

anipmip nagned halada aynrotakidnI .ajrek naker amases/naahasurep n

uata isakinumok nasata nagned iawagep iskaretni uata isakinumok nad

tni .iawagep amases nagned iskare

.c iawageP ajreniK

gnay satitnauk nad satilauk araces ajrek lisah halada ajreniK

nagned iauses aynsagut nakanaskalem malad iawagep helo iapacid

naiapacnep halada aynrotakidnI .aynnakirebid gnay bawaj gnuggnat

patetid gnay tegrat ,ajrekeb malad utkaw natapetek ,rotnak nak

03

skam ,ajrekeb malad nanuketek ajrek utkaw naiakamep isasilami nad

.iridnes naajrekep nagned bawaj gnuggnat

.E alakS lebairaV narukugneP

alakS nakanuggnem narukugneP trekiL nabawaj fitanretla amil nagned

s nususid gnay alakS .takgnitreb arace trekiL rukugnem gnay edotem halada

uata keybus padahret naujuteskaditek uata ujutes nakataynem nagned pakis

keybo ,onopuS gnabmaB nad otnairdnI ruN( utnetret :2002 .)401

bid naataynrep paites ,roks kutneb malad nakataynid narukugneP ire

iauses ,)5 iapmas 1( amil iapmas utas roks irebid nad nabawaj nahilip amil

.nakujaid gnay naataynrep tafis

halada nakanugid naka gnay alakS alakS trekiL naicnir nagned utiay

ujuteS kadiT ;3 roks )N( larteN ;4 roks )S( ujuteS ;5 roks )SS( ujuteS tagnaS

.1 roks )STS( ujuteS kadiT tagnaS ;2 roks )ST(

nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesrep sisilanagnem malaD

id iawagep ajrenik padahret kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesrep

alaks irad naialinep nakanuggnem naka hisagneP natamaceK rotnak trekil

akutnenem nagned utiay sataid n atar ialin - adap iawagep ispesrep atar

nad kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesrep ,kisif ajrek nagnukgnil

ialin tahilid tapad iawagep ajrenik atar - nagnutihrep nagned aynatar :

lavretni nakutnenem ayntujnaleS iggnit roks arac nagned iracid gnay ,

irogetak halmuj igabid hadneret roks ignarukid iagabes nakutnetid gnay

tukireb :

13

= lavretnI =

08,0 rasebes lavretni ikilimem salek paites sataid nagnutihrep iraD

tapad aggnihes salek tapadid tukireb iagabes :

.1 rokS 08,1 ≤ irogetakreb hadneR tagnaS

.2 rokS 18,1 – 06,2 hadneR irogetakreb

.3 rokS 16,2 – 04,3 pukuC irogetakreb

.4 rokS 14,3 – 02,4 iggniT irogetakreb

.5 rokS 12,4 ≥ iggniT tagnaS irogetakreb

.F lepmaS nad isalupoP

.1 isalupoP

II lebaT 1.I ageP isalupoP rotnaK )SNP( lipiS iregeN iaw

2102 nuhaT hisagneP natamaceK

.oN nakididneP takgniT ) gnaro ( aynkaynaB

.1 MS P 2

.2 SMA 91 3. 1S 9 4. 2S 2

halmuJ 23

p idajnem gnay ini naitileneP malaD isalupo halada iregeN iawageP

)SNP( lipiS ajrekeb gnay rotnaK id natamaceK noluK netapubaK hisagneP

3 kaynabes ogorP 2 .nednopser

.2 lepmaS

irad naigabes halada lepmaS gnay isalupop kitsiretkarak kadneh ayn

aib paggnaid nad ,ikidilesid isalupop nahurulesek ilikawem s ( utsegnaP

23

otnawrajD nad oygabuS 002 , 5: 39 .) tabretek aneraK akam isalupop nasa

nakidajid isalupop aumes 23 kaynabes utiay lepmas nednopser .

.G lepmaS nautneneP kinkeT

nakanugid gnay kinkeT malad nautnenep lepmas halada evisopruP

gnilpmaS , s lepma hilipid nakrasadreb .itilenep irad utnetret airetirk airetirK

tilenep i gnay kahip ajrekeb gnay iawagep halada lepmas nakidajid naka

rotnak nagnaur maladid tamaceK iawagep arap nakanerakid hisagneP na

ajas apa kisif non nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil itamagnem tapad tubesret gnay

iawagep arap ihuragnepmem tapad ajrekeb uti .

.H rebmuS ataD

.1 remirP ataD

malad remirp ataD .remirp atad halada ini naitilenep malad atad sineJ

natamaceK rotnaK iawagep irad helorepid gnay atad halada ini naitilenep

.ogorP noluK netapubaK hisagneP

.2 rednukeS ataD

rednukes ataD tad nakanugnem ini naitilenep malad pisra irad a - pisra

.ogorP noluK netapubaK hisagneP natamaceK rotnaK id ada gnay ukub

.I ataD nalupmugneP kinkeT

.1 renoiseuK

arac nagned nakukalid gnay atad nalupmugnep kinket nakapureM

nednopser adapek silutret naataynep uata naaynatrep takgnarepes irebmem

utnu k bawajnem iguS( y kutnu nakanugid ini renoiseuK .)991 :8002 ,ono

33

ajrek nagnukgnil ispesrep huragnep atad naklupmugnem non nad kisif

kisif ik padahret iawagep lipiS iregeN iawageP ajren araces amasreb - .amas

.2 aracnawaW

aracnawaW p anamid atad nalupmugnep utiay nakujagnem itilene

d bawaj aynat lipiS iregeN iwageP nagne ipakgnelem anug kujnutid gnay

gnay atad nakirebmem aguj nad itiletid gnay halasam gnatnet nagnaretek

atad helorepmem kutnu itilenep nakukalid gnay aracnawaw .nakulrepid

anegnem ggnalep ,bitret atat i iawagep nara narutarep itaanem malad

erem aynnasala .aynisknas apa nad raggnalem ak

.J nemurtsnI naijugneP kinkeT

.1 satidilaV ijU

utaus iagabes naksalejid ini naitilenep malad satidilav ijU ruku tala

natamrecek nad natapetek ikilimem gnay isgnuf nakukalem malad ruku n ay

kinket nakanuggnem nagned tnemom tcudorp isalerok ( ayajiW 002 , 9).

sumuR tnemoM tcudorP :

nagnareteK :

= Y lebairav nagned X lebairav aratna isalerok neisifeoK

y latot rokS = irad ritub gnay naaynatrep hurules adap nabawaj

lo hilipid nednopser hurules he

x = J halmu ialin paites irad nednopser paites hilipid gnay nabawaj

naaynatrep ritub

43

n = k halmuJ neisifeo

aynraseB r isnakifingis farat nakanuggnem nagned gnutihid α .%5 =

libapA a irad raseb hibel nagned akam ,%5 isnakifingis farat

ritub - naaynatrep ritub .dilav nakataynid tubesret alib aynkilabeS

irad gnaruk tubesret naaynatrep akam ,%5 isnakifingis farat nagned

.dilav kadit nakataynid

.2 satilibailaeR ijU

halada satilibaileR edni tala utaus anam huajes nakujnunem gnay sk

.nakladnaid tapad uata ayacrepid tapad ruku kutnu nakanugid gnay sumuR

nemurtsni satilibailer ijugnem halada apla hcabnorc naklobmisid uata

nagned r tt :tukireb iagabes sumur nagned

r tt

nagnareteK :

r tt = nemurtsni satilibaileR

= ritub isnairaV

= latot isnairaV

M = ritub halmuJ

( turuneM 002 ,ontayirP 9 )62 : j hibel ahpla ialin aki sitirk r irad raseb

tnemom tcudorp nasatab nakanuggnem uata 6,0 0 , nemurtsni akam

naitilenep 6,0 irad gnaruk ahpla ialin akij aynkilabes lebailer nakataynid 0

.lebailer kadit nakataynid naitilenep nemurtsni akam

53

.K ataD sisilanA kinkeT

.1 kisalK ismusA ijU

.a satiraenilokitluM ijU

malad hakapa ijugnem kutnu naujutreb satiraenilokitlum ijU ledom

i iserger idajret alibapA .tubesret isalerok aynada nakumetid in

kadit naka sabeb lebairav irad iserger neisifeok akam ,satiraenilokitlum

licek nikameS .iggnit gnay rorre radnats iaynupmem nad nakifingis

nikames naka iserger ledom akam ,sabeb lebairav ratna isalerok .kiab

aynada isketednem kutnU irad tahilid satiraenilokitlum :

akgna iaynupmeM ecnarelot 1 itakednem

( FIV ialin iaynupmeM rotcaf noitalfni ecnairav ) 1 akgna ratikes id

halada satiraenilokitlum sabeb gnay iserger ledom utaus namodeP

( FIV ialin lfni ecnairav rotcaf noita ) nad ecnarelot .utas itakednem gnay

aynidajret kadit nakkujunem utas itakednem FIV ialiN

tapadret akam ,amil itakednem FIV akij nakgnades ,satiraenilokitlum

FIV ialiN .aynnial sabeb lebairav nagned satiraenilokitlum nalaosrep

lorepid tapad d he naamasrep nakanuggnem nagne :

1( / 1 = FIV - )

.b satisitsadekoreteH ijU

malad hakapa ijugnem kutnu naujutreb satisitsadekoreteH ijU

erger sisilana utaus nairav naamaskaditek idajret is irad ,laudiser irad

natamagnep utas av akiJ .nial natamagnep ek nair halada laudiser irad

63

satisitsadekoreteh aynmumU .satisitsadekomoh tubesid akam ,patet

atad adap nakumetid kaynab ssorc - lanoitces natamagnep anerak

kutnU .amas gnay taas adap adebreb gnay udividni adap nakukalid

lid tapad ,satisitsadekoreteh isketednem kifarg adap tahi tolprettacs

margaid , :tukireb iagabes halada nasutupek libmagnem rasad nagned

ubmus adap )lon( 0 akgna ratikes id racnepreb atad narabes alibapA

idajret kadit akam ,hawab id nupuam sata id kiab ,Y

satisitsadekoreteh

narabes alibapA et ubesr nert uata alop kutnebmem t utnetret sirag

satisitsadekoreteh idajret halet akam

.c satilamroN ijU

lepmas tahilem kutnu naujutreb atad sailamron ijU - gnay lepmas

eb gnay atad iaynupmem libmaid U .kadit uata lamron isubirtsidr ij

nakanugid gnires gnay satilamron iju utiay SSPS margorp malad

vorogomloK - vonrimS nalibmagnep rasad nagned ,)5002 ,osotnaS(

:tukireb iagabes nasutupek

sakifingis ialiN )satilibaborp ialin( i kadit atad akam 50,0 ≤

lamron isubirtsidreb

isubirtsidreb atad akam 50,0 > )satililaborp ialin( isakifingis ialiN

lamron

nakanuggnem tapad aguj atad satilamon tahilem kutnu uti nialeS

/kifarg trahc a nasutupek nalibmagnep rasad nagned atad akij halad

,lanogaid sirag hara itukignem nad lanogaid sirag ratikes id rabeynem

73

nakgnadeS .satilamron ismusa ihunemem nakatakid iserger ledom akam

kadit iserger ledom akam ,lanogaid sirag irad huaj rabeynem atad akij

otnaS( satilamron ismusa ihunemem )5002 ,os .

.2 sisilanA adnagreB reiniL isergeR

nakukalid ini naitilenep naijugnep halasam nasumur nakrasadreB

rep huragnep natlumis kadit uata natlumis nakutnenem kutnu ispes

( kisif ajrek nagnukgnil ad ) ( kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil n ) iagabes

( takiret lebairav iagabes iawagep ajrenik padahret sabeb lebairav .)

utiay nakanugid gnay kitsitats edoteM sisilana .adnagreb reinil iserger

huragnep iuhategnem kutnu sisilanA ajrek nagnukgnil ispesrep dahret pa

wagep ajrenik id gnay ia sumur nagned nakatayn :

:nagnareteK

Y = iawageP ajreniK

a = atnatsnoK

= kisiF ajreK nagnukgniL adap iawageP ispesreP

= kisiF noN ajreK nagnukgniL adap iawageP ispesreP

b seb utiay iserger neisifeoK = nahaburep aynra idajret gnay adap Y

lebairav adap nahaburep tinu utas akij X

e = orE r

.3 F ijU )natlumiS(

83

nakifingis huragnep aynkadit ada ijugnem kutnu nakanugid F ijU

natlumis araces kisif non nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil sabeb lebairav

ep ajrenik takiret lebairav padahret iawag d akaM . iagabes naksilutid tapa

tukireb :

akiJ > , α adap ,%5 akam kalotid nad amiretid ,

adap iawagep ispesrep aynitra nagnukgnil kisif non nad kisif ajrek

.iawagep ajrenik padahret huragnepreb natlumis araces

akiJ ≤ α adap , ,%5 akam d amireti nad kalotid ,

adap iawagep ispesrep aynitra nagnukgnil kisif non nad kisif ajrek

.iawagep ajrenik padahret huragnepreb kadit natlumis araces

nahalognep lisah irad tahilid tapad F iju irad satilibaborp ialiN

molok AVONA lebat adap SSPS gis uata ecnacifingis .

.4 isanimreteD neisifeoK

isanimreteD neisifeoK rukugnem kutnu nakanugid aynraseb

lebairav isubirtnok ( ) nad ( ) naitilenep malaD .Y lebairav padahret

edni lebairav gnisam gnisam ini nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesrep nednep

ihuragnepmem laisrap nad natlumis araces kisif non nad kisif ajrek

nagned nakataynid gnay iawagep ajrenik utiay nedneped lebairav kutnu

eb aparebes nial atak nagned uata isanimreted neisifeok nakataynem ras

kisif non nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesrep huragnep

iapmas 0 halada isanimreted neisifeok aynraseB .iawagep ajrenik padahret

aumes huragnep licek nikames akam ,lon itakednem nikameS .1 nagned

93

lebairav ni tnedneped lebairav ialin padahret tnedneped akij nakgnadeS .

pad akam 1 itakednem isanimreted neisifeok a tauk nikames nakatakid t

kgnarenem malad tubesret ledom lebairav huragnep na nednepedni t

lebairav padahret nedneped t.

40

. VI BAB

NAITILENEP KEJBUS MUMU NARABMAG

.A isgnuF ,saguT isasinagrO rutkurtS nad atreseB isamroF iawageP

natamaceK hisagneP

natamaceK hatniremeP narutareP nakrasadreb kutnebid hisagneP

narutareP nakrasadreB .8002 nuhaT 6 romoN ogorP noluK netapubaK hareaD

aD isgnuf iaynupmem nad tamaC helo nipmipid natamaceK tubesret hare

itapuB helo nakhapmilid gnay nahatniremep nagnanewek naanaskalep

kutnu naidumeK .natakaraysamek nad nanugnabmep ,nahatniremep itupilem

isgnuf naaraggneleynep sagut iaynupmem tamaC duskamid :

.1 M takaraysam naayadrebmep nataigek nakisanidrookgne

.2 nabitretek nad namartnetek naaraggneleynep ayapu nakisanidrookgneM

mumu

.3 gnadnurep narutarep nakagenep nad naparenep nakisanidrookgneM -

nagnadnu

.4 yalep satilisaf nad anarasarp naarahilemep nakisanidrookgneM mumu nana

.5 takgnit id nahatniremeP nataigek nakaraggneleynep nakisanidrookgneM

natamaceK

.6 uata/nad aseD nahatniremep naaraggneleynep nasawagneP nad naanibmeP

naharuleK

14

.7 aynsagut pukgnil gnaur idajnem gnay takaraysam nanayalep naanaskaleP

uleb gnay uata/nad uata aseD nahatniremeP nakanaskalid tapad m

naharuleK

D sagut naanaskalep akgnar mala - helo utnabid tamaC ,natamacek sagut

iskeS ,nahatniremeP iskeS .tairaterkeS irad iridret gnay natamaceK takgnareP

eP nad naimonokereP iskeS ,mumU nabitreteK nad namartneteK ,nanugnabm

res agaR halO nad adumeP ,naayadubeK ,nakididneP iskeS iskeS at

.taykaR naarethajeseK saguT - gnisam irad sagut - natamaceK takgnareP gnisam

nuhaT 201 romoN ogorP noluK itapuB narutareP nagned rutaid icnir hibel

O rusnU adaP saguT naiarU gnatnet 8002 ,natamaceK hadnereT isasinagr

isam nad tairaterkes sagut naiaru nagned gn - tukireb iagabes iskes gnisam :

.1 S tairaterke

.a ;mumU nasurU nakanaskaleM

.b ;nagnauek nataigek nakanaskaleM

.c nagned natiakreb tamaC nakirebid gnay nial sagut nakanaskaleM

.aynsagut gnadib

buS : itupilem aynsagut mumU naigaB

.a ;natamaceK nad tairaterkeS ajrek margorp nusuyneM

.b macek ajrek margorp nakiladnegnem nad nusuyneM nata ;

.c isnatsni nagned naahasuatatek gnadib id isanidrook nakanaskaleM

areP nad aseD hatniremeP ,hatniremeP noN agabmeL ,lakitreV takgn

;hareaD

.d karaggneleyneM itupilem aggnat hamur nasuru na :

24

)1 tapar nakpaisrepmeM

)2 umat amireneM

)3 nopelet nanayaleP

)4 nahisrebeK

)5 nanamaeK

)6 rotnak aggnat hamur nasuru natiakreb gnay nial nataigeK

: itupilem aynsagut nagnaueK naigaB buS

.a S ajrek margorp nusuyneM naigaB bu

.b sesorpmem nad )AKR( naraggnA nad ajreK anacneR nusuyneM

)APD( naraggnA naaskaleP nemukoD naanaskaleP nemukoD atres

)APPD( naraggnA nahabureP

.c irad )JPS( nabawajgnuggnatrep tarus isakifirev nakaraggneleyneM

naraggnA anuggneP asauK

.d akanaskaleM iawagep ijag naraulegnep nad naamirenep naukubmep n

.2 S iske P nahatnireme

,nakaraggneleynem sagut iaynupmem nahatniremeP iskeS

,mumu nahatniremep naanibmep nakanaskalem nad isatilisafmem

nad nahanatrep ,nakududnepek isartsinimda ,ased nahatniremep

akanaskalem .aynnial nahatniremep gnadib id nataigek n

emeP iskeS sagut naiarU tukireb iagabes halada nahatnir :

.a iskes ajrek margorp nakiladnegnem nad nusuyneM

34

.b isnatsni nagned nahatniremep gnadib id isanidrook nakanaskaleM

eD hatniremeP ,hatniremeP noN agabmeL ,lakitrev takgnareP nad as

hareaD

.c naaraggneleynep nakisanidrookgneM itupilem nahatniremep nataigek :

)1 nad haread takgnarep ajrek nautas nagned isanidrook nakukaleM

nahatniremep nataigek naaraggneleynep gnadib id lakitrev isnatsni

)2 isasinorknis nad isanidrook nakukaleM nautas nagned naanacnerep

gnadib id lakitrev isnatsni nad haread takgnarep ajrek

nahatniremep nataigek naaraggneleynep

)3 id nahatniremep nataigek naaraggneleynep isaulave nakukaleM

natamacek takgnit

.d d nahatniremep naaraggneleynep anibmeM aharulek uata/nad ase n

itupilem :

)1 isartsinimda bitret nasawagnep nad naanibmep nakukaleM

naharulek uata/nad ased nahatniremep

)2 isatlusnok nad isatilisaf ,isivrepus nagnibmib nakirebmeM

naharulek uata/nad ased isartsinimda naanaskalep

)3 adahret nasawagnep nad naanibmep nakanaskaleM naanaskalep p

harul uata/nad ased alapek sagut

)4 sagut naanaskalep padahret nasawagnep nad naanibmep nakukaleM

naharulek takgnarep uata/nad ased takgnarep

)5 ;uata/nad ased nahatniremep naaraggneleynep isaulave nakukaleM

nad

44

)6 nad naanibmep naanaskalep nakropaleM nasawagnep

naharulek uata/nad ased hatniremep naaraggneleynep

.3 S iske K namartnete D na K nabitrete U mum

sagut iaynupmem mumU nabitreteK nad namartneteK iskeS

nanamaek naanibmep nakanaskalem nad isatilisafmem ,nakaraggneleynem

dnilrep atres mumu nabitretek nad iskeS sagut naiarU .takaraysam nagnu

itreteK nad namartneteK tukireb iagabes halada mumU nab :

.a iskes ajrek margorp nakiladnegnem nad nusuyneM

.b martnetek naaraggneleynep ayapu nakisanidrookgneM nad na

itupilem mumu nabitretek :

)1 lopeK nagned isanidrook nakukaleM kilbupeR arageN naisi

nautaS uata/nad aisenodnI lanoisaN aratneT uata/nad aisenodnI

nataigek nad margorp ianegnem ajarP gnomaP isiloP

mumu nabitretek nad naaraggneleynep

)2 hayaliw id ada gnay amaga akumep nagned isanidrook nakukaleM

wem kutnu natamacek ajrek nabitretek nad namartnetek nakduju

takaraysam mumu

)3 nabitretek nad namartnetek naanibmep naanaskalep nakropaleM

.c kagenep nad naparenep nakisanidrookgneM gnadnurep na - ,nagnadnu

itupilem :

)1 gnay haread takgnarep ajrek nautas nagned isanidrook nakukaleM

nad sagut gnadnurep naparenep gnadib id aynisgnuf - nagnadnu

54

)2 gnay haread takgnarep ajrek nautas nagned isanidrook nakukaleM

gnadnurep narutarep nakagenep gnadibid aynisgnuf nad sagut -

aisenodnI kilbupeR arageN naisilopeK nagned uata/nad nagnadnu

)3 naanaskalep nakropaleM narutarep nakagenep nad naparenep

gnadnurep - natamacek hayaliw id nagnadnu

.d isasinagro nad kitilop laisos isasinagro naatadnep nakanaskaleM

aynnial natakaraysamek

.4 S iske P naimonokere D na P nanugnabme

sagut iaynupmem nanugnabmeP nad naimonokereP iskeS

eleynem ,naanibmep nakanaskalem nad isatilisafmem ,nakaraggn

,natualek nad nainatrep kisif anarasarp nad anaras ,nanugnabmep

naimonokereP iskeS sagut naiarU .pudih nagnukgnil nad naimonokerep

meP nad tukireb iagabes halada nanugnab :

.a agorp nakiladnegnem nad nusuyneM iskes ajrek mar

.b p nataigek nakisanidrookgneM itupilem takaraysam naayadrebme :

)1 malad atres tuki kutnu takaraysam isapisitrap gnorodneM

murof malad natamacek pukgnil nanugnabmep naanacnerep

nad naharulek/ased id nanugnabmep naanacnerep harawaysum

natamacek

)2 eM tinu nahurulesek padahret nasawagnep nad naanibmep nakukal

margorp iaynupmem gnay atsaws nupuam hatniremep kiab ajrek

takaraysam naayadrebmep nataigek nad ajrek

64

)3 naayadrebmep nataigek iagabreb padahret isaulave nakukaleM

gnay natamacek hayaliw id takaraysam ajrek tinu helo nakukal id

atsaws nad hatniremep

)4 iauses takaraysam naayadrebmep gnadib id nial sagut nakukaleM

gnadnurep narutarep/nautnetek - nagnadnu

)5 id takaraysam naayadrebmep sagut naanaskalep nakropaleM

natamacek ajrek hayaliw

.c nakutnebmep isatilisafmeM isaulave nad naayadrebmep ,naanibmep ,

)seDMUB( aseD kiliM ahasU nadaB

.d natamacek liforp nanusuynep nakanaskaleM

.5 S iske P nakididne K naayadube P adume D na O agaR hal

.a iskes margorp nakiladnegnem nad nusuyneM

.b araggna naanacnerep nanusuynep isanidrook nakanaskaleM n

rasad nakididnep kutnu nakididnep

.c naanaskalep padahret )fitneverp( nasawagnep isatilisaf nakanaskaleM

rasad nakididnep nad inid aisu kana nakididnep igab nautnab

.d ainud igab raja ukub naanuggnep nasawagnap isatilisaf nakanaskaleM

nakididnep

.e k nakanaskaleM ,halokes naiju ,retsemes naiju naanaskalep isanidroo

rasad nakididnep adap lanoisan naiju

.6 S laisoS naarethajeseK iske

.a iskes ajrek margorp nakiladnegnem nad nusuyneM

74

.b takgnarep nagned ajrek nautas nagned isanidrook nakanaskaleM

kitrev isnatsni uata/nad haread nad sagut gnay atsaws kahip atres la

mumu satilisaf nad anarasarp naarahilemep gnadib id aynisgnuf

.c satilisaf nad anarasarp naarahilemep naanaskalep nakropaleM

mumu nanayalep

.d isnatsni nagned laisos naarethajesek gnadib isanidrook nakanaskaleM

bmel ,lakitrev takgnareP nad aseD hatniremeP ,hatniremeP noN aga

hareaD

.e amagareb tamu ratna pudih nanukurek naanibmep isatilisafmeM

.B hisagneP natamaceK iawageP isamroF

.1 isamroF iawageP

ayngnittezub aratnemes ,gnaro 93 halmujes naiawagepek isamroF

aggnihes gnaro 23 aynah 7 halmujes iawagep nagnarukek hisam

gnaro ini tukireb lebat adap tahilret :

1.VI lebaT iawageP isamroF

oN tinU isamroF isireT 1 tamaC 1 1 2 tairaterkeS 1 1 mumU naigaB buS .a 5 4 nagnaueK naigaB buS .b 4 4 3 nahatniremeP iskeS 5 5 4 monokereP iskeS nanugnabmeP nad nai 4 3 5 laisoS naarethajeseK iskeS 4 3 6 agaR halO nad adumeP dubkiD iskeS 3 2 7 nabitreteK nad namartneteK iskeS 5 4 8 aseD siraterkeS 7 5

halmuJ 93 23

84

.2 tarapA nakididneP takgniT

S halada nakaynabek tarapa nakididnep takgniT ini tukireB .ATL

atad tukireb iagabes aynpakgneles :

2.VI lebaT rutarapA nakididneP takgniT

.oN nakididneP takgniT ) gnaro ( aynkaynaB

.1 PTLS 2

.2 ATLS 91

.6 1S 9

.7 2S 2

halmuJ 23

.3 halmuJ iawageP natamaceK hisagneP

3.VI lebaT halmuJ iawageP tamaceK na hisagneP

oN natabaJ )gnaro( halmuJ

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

tamaC

natamaceK siraterkeS

mumU gaB buS aK

mumU gaB buS fatS

nagnaueK gaB buS aK

nagnaueK gaB buS fatS

nahatniremeP iskeS alapeK

nahatniremeP iskeS fatS

martneteK iskeS alapeK nabitreteK nad na

1

1

1

3

1

4

1

4

1

94

01

11

21

31

41

51

61

71

nabitreteK nad namartneteK iskeS fatS

nad naimonokereP iskeS alapeK

nanugnabmeP

nad naimonokereP iskeS fatS

nanugnabmeP

naayadubeK nad nakididneP iskeS alapeK

naayadubeK nad nakididneP iskeS fatS

laisoS naarethajeseK iskeS alapeK

keS fatS laisoS naarethajeseK is

aseD siraterkeS

2

1

2

1

1

1

2

5

.C K hisagneP natamaceK mumU isidno

.1 hayaliW naadaeK

hagnet id katelret hisagneP natamaceK sifargoeg araceS - hagnet

,ogorP noluK netapubaK 0586,446.16 hayaliw saul nagned naigabes ,aH

eb nitek ,natikubrep apur 81 nahatniremep tasup naigg naakumrep sataid m

.suicleC tajared 33 muminim nad suicleC tajared 73 mumiskam uhus ,tual

ataB s- tukireb iagabes hayaliw satab :

.a aratU halebeS naluggnaN nad oylumiriG natamaceK :

.b rumiT halebeS eS natamaceK : olotn

.c taraB halebeS nomeT nad pakoK natamaceK :

.d nataleS halebeS natajnaP nad setaW natamaceK :

05

neP natamaceK utiay ased 7 irad iridret hisag ,irasgnawaT aseD :

,irasograM aseD ,irasgnudeK aseD ,irasgnaraK aseD aseD ,hisagneP aseD

irasgnadneS modiS aseD nad .nahukudep 87 ada nahukudep halmuJ .oylu

.2 kududneP

.a nimaleK sineJ nad rumU rutkurtS turuneM kududneP halmuJ

4.VI lebaT oN rumU rutkurtS ikaL - ikal naupmereP halmuJ

1 0-4 098.1 977.1 966.3

2 5-9 149.1 287.1 327.3

3 01 - 41 258.1 839.1 097.3

4 51 - 91 650.2 .1 289 830.4

5 02 - 42 209.1 049.1 248.3

6 52 - 92 830.2 841.2 681.4

7 03 - 43 224.2 663.2 887.4

8 53 - 93 681.2 131.2 713.4

9 04 - 44 690.2 602.2 203.4

01 54 - 94 649.1 030.2 679.3

11 05 - 45 627.1 447.1 074.3

21 55 - 95 123.1 033.1 156.2

31 06 - 46 259 730.1 989.1

41 56 - 96 057 349 396.1

51 07 - 47 458 669 027.1

61 57> 939 743.1 682.2

halmuJ 177.62 966.72 044.45

15

.b amagA nakrasadreB kududneP halmuJ

5.VI lebaT oN amagA gnarO halmuJ

1 malsI 818.15

2 netsirK 619

3 kilohtaK 407.1

4 udniH 2

5 ahduB 0

halmuJ 5 044.4

.3 nakididneP

malad gnitnepret ralip utas halas nakapurem nakididneP

surah nakididnep gnadib id nanugnabmeP .aisunam satilauk naktakgninem

,nakididnep seska nasaulrep nad naataremep nimajnem upmam

dnep tuptuo gnias ayad nad isnaveler ,utum natakgninep atres nakidi

natamaceK iD .nakididnep artic nad satilibatnuka ,alolek atat nataugnep

sret gnay nakididnep agabmel tapadret hisagneP ,ased )hujut( 7 id rabe

utiay :

.a lamroF nakididneP agabmeL

6.VI lebaT oN aseD KT DS PTLS ATLS TP

1 irasgnawaT 2 3 - - - 2 raK irasgna 7 9 - - - 3 hisagneP 7 6 1 2 1 4 irasograM 4 3 1 3 2 5 irasgnudeK 4 4 1 - - 6 irasgnadneS 3 7 - 1 - 7 oylumodiS 4 5 2 - -

halmuJ 13 73 5 6 3

25

.b lamroF noN nakididneP agabmeL

7 .VI lebaT oN aseD BK APT DUAP OP MBKP

1 irasgnawaT 1 - - 1 2 irasgnaraK 3 - 3 2 3 hisagneP 6 - 6 1 4 irasograM 1 1 2 1 5 irasgnudeK 1 1 - 1 6 irasgnadneS - - 11 1 7 oylumodiS 1 - 1 1

halmuJ 31 2 32 8

.D V isi M , isi T , nauju S , narasa D na P margor

V .1 isi D na M isi

eP natamaceK takaraysam isidnok nakrasadreB ,ini taas hisagn

nagned atres ,naped asam id ipadah id gnay nad nahalasamrep

,takaraysam ikilim id gnay isnetop nad sigetarts rotkaf nakgnutihrepmem

natamaceK DPKS isiV akam hatniremeP atres nagnitnepek ukgnamep

1102 hisagneP - :halada 6102

KILBUP NANAYALEP“ ,LANOISEFORP ,AMIRP GNAY

ECNANREVOG DOOG UJUNEM FISNOPSER NAD

”HISAGNEP NATAMACEK ROTNAK ADAP

nakanaskalid naka gnay isim akam ,tubesret isiv nakdujuwem kutnU

natamaceK rotnaK tukireb iagabes halada hisagneP :

.a isreb ,kiab gnay nahatniremep nakaraggneleyneM nad ,narapsnart ,h

.amirp nanayalep gnukudnem kutnu awabiwreb

.b ayapu naktakgnineM - takaraysam naayadrebmep natakgninep ayapu

.ased nad

35

.2 T nauju

naka gnay naujut akam tubesret isim nad isiv nakrasadreB iapacid

tukireb iagabes halada :

.a ahatniremep nakdujuweM sreb ,kiab gnay n awabiwreb ,narapsnart ,hi

gnay nad nahatniremep ajrenik natakgninep nagned nakkujnutid

.rutarapa satilauk

.b nanugnabmep malad ased nad takaraysam isapisitrap naktakgnineM

gnay halasam nad ikilimid gnay isnetop isakifitnedignem upmam gnay

hid nad iridnes aynirid nugnabmem upmam atres nad ,ipada

.ikilimid gnay isnetop nakgnabmegnem

araC - naujut nakdujuwem kutnu hisagneP natamaceK hupmetid gnay arac

iapacid naka gnay tukireb iagabes igetarts nagned :

.a nahital nad nakididneP

.b gnidnab idutS

.c S naanibmeP MD

.d ased nahatniremep naaraggneleynep isanidrooK

: nial aratna naujut iapacnem kutnu libma id gnay harA

.a aynnailhaek iauses tarapa natapmeneP

.b rajaleb natapmesek nairebmeP

.c gnidnab ydutS

.d alakreb araces natamacek tarapa naanibmeP

.e narasarp nad anaras natakgnineP ajrek a

.f tarapa naarethajesek natakgnineP

45

.g alakreb araces ased nahatniremep naanibmeP

.3 S narasa

K iapacid nigni gnay narasaS halada hisagneP natamaceK rotna :

.a rutarapa satilauk nad nahatniremep ajrenik natakgninep ayndujuwreT

ed iauses ased nad hatniremep pisnirp nagn - gnay nahatniremep pisnirp

abiwreb ,narapsnart ,hisreb ,kiab kilbup nakaraggneleynem kutnu aw

.amirp gnay

.b malad ased nad takaraysam naayadrebmep natakgninep ayndujuwreT

.ipadahid gnay nagnatnat nad isnetop alolegnem

.4 P margor

hadumrepmem kutnU halet gnay narasas nad naujut naiapacnep

arac nakulrepid ,nakpatetid - aynnaiapacnep hadumrepmem kutnu arac

nataigek nad margorp nakutnenem hisagneP natamaceK hatniremeP

tukireb iagabes :

.a margorP

rgorp akam ,nakpatetid gnay narasas nad naujut iapacnem anuG ma

remeP helo nakanaskalid naka gnay halada hisagneP natamaceK hatni :

)1 narotnakreP isartsinimdA nanayaleP margorP

)2 rutarapA anarasarP nad anaraS natakgnineP margorP

)3 naiapaC naropaleP metsiS nagnabmegneP natakgnineP margorP

nagnaueK nad ajreniK

)4 usuyneP margorP DPKS naanacnereP nemukoD nan

)5 rutarapA anarasarP nad anaraS natakgnineP

55

)6 takaraysaM nanayaleP natakgnineP margorP

.b nataigeK

utkaw nuruk malad atayn gnay nakadnit utaus nakapurem nataigeK

nagned isnatsni/agabmel/nagnarorep helo nakukalid gnay utnetret

regnem gnay narasas nad naujut iapacnem kutnu ada gnay isnetop nakha

natamaceK hatniremeP helo nakukalid gnay nataigeK .nakpatetid halet

agabes halada 2102 nuhat adap hisagneP tukireb i :

)1 taruyneM taruS asaJ naaideyneP nataigeK

)2 ,isakinumoK asaJ naaideyneP nataigeK nad riA ayaD rebmuS

kirtsiL

)3 naaradneK nanijireP nad naarahilemeP asaJ naaideyneP nataigeK

lanoisarepO/saniD

)4 nagnaueK isartsinimdA asaJ naaideyneP nataigeK

)5 ajreK natalareP nakiabreP asaJ nataigeK

)6 rotnaK siluT talA naaideyneP nataigeK

)7 raB naaideyneP nataigeK naadnaggneP nad nakateC gna

)8 nagnareneP/kirtsiL isalatsnI nenopmoK naaideyneP nataigeK

rotnaK nanugnaB

)9 rotnaK napakgnelreP nad natalareP naaideyneP nataigeK

)01 gnadnureP narutareP nad naacaB nahaB naaideyneP nataigeK -

nagnadnU

)11 iM nad nanakaM naaideyneP nataigeK namun

)21 hareaD rauleK isatlusnoK nad isanidrooK naaideyneP nataigeK

65

)31 hareaD malaD isatlusnoK nad isanidrooK naaideyneP nataigeK

)41 pateT kadiT iawageP aganeT asaJ naaideyneP nataigeK

)51 rotnaK gnudeG natalareP naadagneP nataigeK

)61 alakreB nituR naarahilemeP nataigeK naaradneK

lanoisarepO/saniD

)71 rotnaK gnudeG alakreB nituR naarahilemeP nataigeK

)81 rasithkI nad ajreniK naiapaC naropaL nanusuyneP nataigeK

DPKS ajreniK isasilaeR

)91 DPKS artsneR nanusuyneP nataigeK

)02 DPKS ajreK anacneR nanusuyneP nataigeK

)12 ulavE ,gnirotinoM nataigeK naanaskaleP nad ,nailadnegneP ,isa

nataigeK nad margorP

)22 natamaceK liforP nanusuyneP nataigeK

)32 natamaceK ifargonoM nanusuyneP nataigeK

)42 DPKR gnabnersuM naaraggneleyneP nataigeK

)52 naropaleP nad nailadnegneP ,isaulavE ,gnirotinoM nataigeK

nanugnabmeP naanaskaleP hareaD

)62 MKL naayadrebmeP isatilisaF nataigeK

)72 takgniT )aseD abmoL( aseD nanugnabmeP isaulavE nataigeK

natamaceK

)82 liceK orkiM ahasU naanibmeP nad naartimeK isatilisaF nataigeK

naasedeP hageneM nad

)92 takaraysaM gnoyoR gnotoG itkaB naluB naanaskaleP nataigeK

75

)03 aigeK )udapreT ilortaP( nagnukgniL nanamaeK nailadnegneP nat

)13 alapeK nahilimeP nad naisigneP naanaskaleP isatilisaF nataigeK

aseD takgnareP nad aseD

)23 aseD takgniT mukuH kudorP nanusuyneP isatilisaF nataigeK

)33 aseD nahatniremeP naaraggneleyneP isatilisaF nataigeK

)43 geK tamU nanukureK nad isnareloT natakgnineP isatilisaF natai

amagareB

)53 nasawaW gnatneT takaraysaM naradaseK natakgnineP nataigeK

naasgnabeK

)63 aseD nautnaB anaD naanuggneP gnirotinoM isatilisaF nataigeK

)DDA nad DAD(

)73 vE ,gnirotinoM ,naanibmeP,isatilisaF nataigeK isaula

SKU naaraggneleyneP

)83 naaraggneleyneP naropaleP nad isaulavE ,gnirotinoM nataigeK

DUAP

)93 nad adumeP nagnabmegneP nad ,naanibmeP ,isatilisaF nataigeK

adumeP isasinagrO atres agaR halO

)04 laisoS isasinagrO nataigeK isatilisaF nataigeK

)14 tiM isatilisaF nataigeK malA anacneB isagitsevnI nad isagi

)24 ines nad ayaduB ialiN naalolegneP nataigeK

)34 AYADSOP margorP isatilisaF nataigeK

)44 kadniT padahreT naupmerep nagnudnilreP ayapU nataigeK

nasarekeK

58

BAB V

NASAHABMEP NAD ATAD SISILANA

.A nednopseR ispirkseD

ataD renoiseuk narabeynep iulalem helorepid ini naitilenep malad

3 kaynabes 2 3 adapek ralpmeske 2 natamaceK rotnaK id lipiS iregeN iawageP

hisagneP 3 kaynabes ilabmek gnay renoiseuk halmuJ . 2 renoiseuk .

helorepid anerak remirp atad nakapurem ini naitilenep irad ataD

ep malad ataD .rebmusaran irad gnusgnal aud idajnem nakadebid ini naitilen ,

sinej utiay ,nednopser kitsiretkarak gnatnet isireb gnay atad utiay amatrep

,aisu ,nimalek rihkaret nakididnep nad gnay atad halada audeK .ajrekeb amal

j gnatnet isireb nednopser naataynrep irad nabawa gnatnet ispesrep lebairav

agep kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap iaw adap iawagep ispesrep lebairav ,

kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil nad ajrenik lebairav .iawagep

id naka ini tukireB nednopser kitsiretkarak gnatnet atad nakijas utiay

,aisu ,nimalek sinej rihkaret nakididnep ajrekeb amal nad , nabawaj atad nad

rebmusaran naataynrep irad gnatnet lebairav adap iawagep ispesrep

kisif ajrek nagnukgnil lebairav , adap iawagep ispesrep nukgnil non ajrek nag

kisif nad ajrenik lebairav iawagep :

.1 nimaleK sineJ nakrasadreB SNP

ej nakrasadreb SNP adap tahilid tapad nimalek sin T iagabes 1.V leba

:tukireb

95

1.V lebaT nednopseR ataD nimaleK sineJ nakrasadreB

nimaleK sineJ halmuJ esatneserP ikaL - ikal 24 75 %

naupmereP 8 52 % halmuJ 32 % 001

haloid atad :rebmuS 3102

natamaceK rotnaK id SNP iuhatekid 1.V lebat iraD hisagneP

ikal nimalek sinejreb - 2 kaynabes ikal 4 uata gnaro 57 sinejreb nad %

kaynabes naupmerep nimalek 8 uata gnaro 52 mod araces itrareB .% nani

natamaceK rotnaK id SNP hisagneP ikal nimalek sinejreb - kaynabes ikal

57 .%

.2 aisU nakrasadreB SNP

:tukireb iagabes 2.V lebat adap tahilid tapad aisu nakrasadreb SNP

2.V lebaT nednopseR ataD nakrasadreB aisU

aisU halmuJ esatneserP 62 – 33 nuhat 4 05,21 % 43 – 41 nuhat 7 88,12 % 24 – 94 nuhat 21 05,73 % 05 – nuhat 75 9 31,82 %

halmuJ 23 % 001 haloid atad :rebmuS 3102

aisureb SNP iuhatekid ,2.V lebat iraD 62 aratna d/s nuhat 33

kaynabes 4 uata gnaro 05,21 aynabes nuhat 14 d/s 43 aratna aisureb ,% k 7

uata gnaro 88,12 1 kaynabes nuhat 94 d/s 24 aratna aisureb ,% 2 uata gnaro

37 5, 0 % kaynabes nuhat 75 d/s 05 aratna aisureb nad 9 2 uata gnaro 8, 31

natamaceK rotnaK id SNP itrareB .% hisagneP araces naitilenep malad

nuhat 24 aratna aisu iaynupmem nanimod 1 kaynabes nuhat 94 d/s 2 gnaro

3 uata 7 5, 0 .%

06

.3 nakrasadreB SNP rihkareT nakididneP

3.V lebat adap tahilid tapad nagnolog/takgnap nakrasadreb SNP

:tukireb iagabes

3.V lebaT nednopseR ataD nakrasadreB P rihkareT nakididne

P nakididne halmuJ esatneserP PMS 2 ,6 52 % AMS 91 83,95 % KMS - 0 %

AMOLPID - 0 % 1 ATARTS 9 31,82 % 2 ATARTS 2 % 52,6

halmuJ % 001 haloid atad :rebmuS 3102

preb SNP iuhatekid ,3.V lebat iraD kaynabes PMS rihkaret nakididne

gnaro 2 uata 52,6 preb ,% AMS rihkaret nakididne kaynabes 91 uata gnaro

95 , 83 preb ,% rihkaret nakididne KMS ada kadit uata 0 preb ,% nakididne

AMOLPID ada kadit uata 0 % 1 ATARTS rihkaret nakididnepreb ,

2 ATARTS rihkaret nakididnepreb nad % 31,82 uata gnaro 9 kaynabes

.% 52,6 uata gnaro 2 kaynabes tnaK id SNP itrareB natamaceK ro hisagneP

iaynupmem nanimod araces naitilenep malad AMS rihkaret nakididnep

kaynabes 91 uata gnaro 95 , 83 .%

.4 ajrekeB amaL nakrasadreB SNP

iagabes 4.V lebat adap tahilid tapad ajrekeb amal nakrasadreb SNP

:tukireb

16

4.V lebaT nednopseR ataD eB nakrasadr ajrekeB amaL

ajrekeB amaL halmuJ esatneserP 3 – nuhat 5 2 % 52,6 6 – 8 nuhat - -

9 – 11 nuhat 3 % 83,9 21 - 14 nuhat 7 % 88,12

nuhat 51 irad hibeL 02 % 05,26 halmuJ 23 % 001 haloid atad :rebmuS 3102

SNP iuhatekid ,4.V lebat iraD ekeb amal 2 kaynabes nuhat 5 d/s 3 ajr

, % 52,6 uata gnaro d/s 6 aratna ajrekeb amal 8 nuhat ada kadit amal ,

aratna ajrekeb 9 1 d/s 1 9 uata gnaro 3 kaynabes nuhat 83, ,% ajrekeb amal

aratna 1 41 d/s 2 kaynabes nuhat 7 uata gnaro 88,12 % ajrekeb amal nad

51 irad hibel %05,26 uata gnaro 02 kaynabes nuhat rotnaK id SNP itrareB .

natamaceK hisagneP amal iaynupmem nanimod araces naitilenep malad

2 kaynabes nuhat 51 irad hibel ajrekeb 0 uata gnaro 05,26 .%

.B nemurtsI naijugneP naitileneP

.1 satidilaV ijU

lenep malad satidilav ijU utaus iagabes naksalejid ini naiti ruku tala

ruku isgnuf nakukalem malad natamrecek nad natapetek ikilimem gnay n ay

kinket nakanuggnem nagned tnemom tcudorp isalerok . aynraseB r

isnakifingis farat nakanuggnem gnutihid α .%5 = alibapA hibel

eb irad ras ritub akam ,%5 isnakifingis farat nagned - naaynatrep ritub

.dilav nakataynid tubesret alib aynkilabeS irad gnaruk

kadit nakataynid tubesret naaynatrep akam ,%5 isnakifingis farat nagned

.dilav

26

nopser kutnU helorepid %5 ahpla nagned gnaro 23 halmujreb ned

ialiN .943,0 rasebes nakanugid ayntujnales gnay halini kutnu

meti satidilav airetirk - uk meti esi dilav nakataynid tapad kutnU .reno

ireB .943,0 irad raseb hibel surah meti neisifeok ada tuk lisah lebat hal u ij

:satidilav

36

5.V.lebaT satidilaV ijU lisaH

NAAYNATREP

nagnareteK IAWAGEP ISPESREP

ADAP NAGNUKGNILKISIF AJREK ( ) 1 NAAYNATREP ,0 834 943,0 DILAV 2 NAAYNATREP ,0 476 943,0 DILAV 3 NAAYNATREP 0, 104 943,0 DILAV 4 NAAYNATREP ,0 237 943,0 DILAV 5 NAAYNATREP 6,0 19 943,0 DILAV 6 NAAYNATREP 6,0 80 943,0 DILAV 7 NAAYNATREP ,0 775 943,0 DILAV 8 NAAYNATREP ,0 316 943,0 DILAV 9 NAAYNATREP ,0 756 943,0 DILAV 01 NAAYNATREP ,0 107 943,0 DILAV 11 NAAYNATREP ,0 546 943,0 DILAV 21 NAAYNATREP ,0 183 943,0 DILAV

NAAYNATREP

nagnareteK IAWAGEP ISPESREP

ADAP NAGNUKGNILKISIF AJREK NON ( )

1 NAAYNATREP 4,0 60 943,0 DILAV 2 NAAYNATREP 4,0 92 943,0 DILAV 3 NAAYNATREP ,0 595 943,0 DILAV

NAAYNATREP 4 5,0 40 943,0 DILAV 5 NAAYNATREP ,0 4 77 943,0 DILAV 6 NAAYNATREP 6,0 19 943,0 DILAV

NAAYNATREP

nagnareteK )Y( IAWAGEP AJRENIK

1 NAAYNATREP ,0 005 943,0 DILAV 2 NAAYNATREP 276,0 943,0 DILAV 3 NAAYNATREP ,0 114 943,0 DILAV 4 NAAYNATREP ,0 746 943,0 DILAV 5 NAAYNATREP ,0 057 943,0 DILAV 6 NAAYNATREP ,0 037 943,0 DILAV 7 NAAYNATREP ,0 234 943,0 DILAV 8 NAAYNATREP ,0 464 943,0 DILAV 9 NAAYNATREP ,0 295 943,0 DILAV

3102 haloiD gnay remirP ataD : rebmuS

46

.2 satilibaileR ijU

kukalid satilibailer ijU lebairav ratna hakapa iuhategnem kutnu na

ep irad bailer nakataynid gnay naaynatr el ibailer ijU .kadit uata satil

SSPS nagned nakukalid . ikilimem alib lebailer nakataynid naka lebairaV

ahplA hcabnorC iju irad lisaH .06,0 irad raseb hibel uata nagned amas

ler atilibai bat id nakujnutid s e ini hawab l :

6.V .lebaT satilibaileR ijU lisaH

lebairaV hcabnorC ialiNahplA

nagnareteK

adaP iawageP ispesreP kisiF ajreK nagnukgniL ( )

,0 688 lebaileR

adaP iawageP ispesrePkisiF noN ajreK nagnukgniL ( )

7,0 75 lebaileR

)Y( iawageP ajreniK ,0 558 lebaileR 3102 haloiD gnay remirP ataD : rebmuS

naaynatrep ritub aumes ,sataid lebat adap satilibailer iju lisah iraD

akgna nagned ladnah nial atak nagned uata lebailer halada lebairav malad

orC ahplA hcabn ,0 irad raseb hibel .06

.C ataD sisilanA

.1 kisalK ismusA ijU

.a satiraenilokitluM ijU

malad hakapa ijugnem kutnu naujutreb satiraenilokitlum ijU

idajret alibapA .tubesret isalerok aynada nakumetid ini iserger

d iserger neisifeok akam ,satiraenilokitlum naka sabeb lebairav ira

gis kadit e radnats iaynupmem nad nakifin nikameS .iggnit gnay ror

56

nikames naka iserger ledom akam ,sabeb lebairav ratna isalerok licek

.kiab

ialin irad tahilid satiraenilokitlum aynada isketednem kutnU

rotkaF noitalfnI ecnairaV FIV( ) nad ecnarelot utas itakednem gnay

ialin lisaH .)1( rotkaF noitalfnI ecnairaV nagned )FIV(

em SSPS nakanuggn nagnukgnil utiay lebairav audek kutnu utiay

.630,1 rasebes kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil nad kisif ajrek

7.V lebaT ijU lisaH satiraenilokitluM

malaD ledom awhab naksalejid tapad akam ini naitilenep

ini laH .satiraenilokitlum idajret kadit ini naitilenep iserger

ialin nad 630,1 utiay 01 irad gnaruk FIV ialin nagned nakitkubid

ecnarelot .569,0 utiay 1,0 irad raseb hibel

.b satisitsadekoreteH ijU

oreteH ijU malad hakapa ijugnem kutnu naujutreb satisitsadek

irad ,laudiser irad snairav naamaskaditek idajret iserger sisilana utaus

nial natamagnep ek natamagnep utas . isketednem kutnU

kifarg adap tahilid tapad ,satisitsadekoreteh ,margaid tolprettacs

rasad nagned k libmagnem tukireb iagabes halada nasutupe :

66

adap )lon( 0 akgna ratikes id racnepreb atad narabes alibapA

idajret kadit akam ,hawab id nupuam sata id kiab ,Y ubmus

satisitsadekoreteh

narabes alibapA sirag dnert uata alop kutnebmem tubesret

let akam utnetret satisitsadekoreteh idajret ha

kireB naijugnep lisah lebat halada tu itsadekoreteh tapad satis

ini hawabid tahilid :

rabmaG 1.V . satisitsadekoreteH ijU lisaH

rabmag iraD kitit awhab tahilret sataid - ratikesid rabeynem kitit

m kadit nad Y ubmus adap )0( nigiro .rutaret gnay alop iaynupme

hab naklupmisid tapad idaJ jret kadit iserger ledom adap aw alajeg ida

.satisitsadekoreteh

.c satilamroN ijU

lepmas tahilem kutnu naujutreb atad sailamron ijU - lepmas

eb gnay atad iaynupmem libmaid gnay kadit uata lamron isubirtsidr .

U iju utiay SSPS margorp malad nakanugid gnires gnay satilamron ij

76

vorogomloK - vonrimS nalibmagnep rasad nagned ,)5002 ,osotnaS(

:tukireb iagabes nasutupek

)satilibaborp ialin( isakifingis ialiN ≤ kadit atad akam 50,0

lamron isubirtsidreb

sakifingis ialiN )satililaborp ialin( i > atad akam 50,0

lamron isubirtsidreb

naijugnep lisah lebat halada tukireB atilamron tahilid tapad s

ini hawabid :

8.V lebaT satilamroN ijU lisaH

nagned satilamron iju nagnutihrep lisah iraD elpmaS enO

vorogomloK - vonrimS tseT id ta roks kutnu isnakifingis naktapadid sa

lebairav aumes irad latot ( ) ,662,0 rasebes ( ) nad 905,0 rasebes

50,0 irad hibel lebairav hurules isnakifingis aneraK .674,0 rasebes Y

adap atad awhab naklupmisid tapad akam ebairav ispesrep l iawagep

adap kisif ajrek nagnukgnil ( ) , adap iawagep ispesrep nagnukgnil

kisif non ajrek ( ) .lamron isubirtsidreb )Y( iawagep ajrenik nad

ib aguj satilamron iju kifarG sa wabid tahilid ini ha :

86

rabmaG 2 .V satilamroN ijU

mag iraD rabmag rab rabeynem atad awhab tahilret sataid

akam ,lanogaid sirag hara itukignem nad lanogaid sirag ratikesid

.satilamron ismusa ihunemem iserger ledom

.2 adnagreB raeniL isergeR sisilanA

kutnu nakanugid adnagreB raeniL isergeR sisilana ledoM

bawajnem umur nakutnenem kutnu naitilenep naijugnep halasam nas

ispesrep huragnep natlumis kadit uata natlumis adap iawagep nagnukgnil

kisif ajrek ( ) nad adap iawagep ispesrep kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil

( ) jrenik padahret sabeb lebairav iagabes lebairav iagabes iawagep a

)Y( takiret id K raenil iserger sisilana lisaH .hisagneP natamaceK rotna

id tapad adnagreb ini hawabid lebat adap nakujnut :

96

nagreB raeniL isergeR lisaH ad

.lebaT 9.V

07

did iserger lisah iraD taubid tapad gnay iserger neisifeok tapa

ep tukireb iagabes iserger naamasr :

: Y 482,0 + 759,9 735,0 +

bat iraD el- lebat 0.61 SSPS nagned adnagreb raenil iserger lisah rof

swodniw id id naka sata id naksalej kutnu ini hawab gnep u sisetopih naij

tukireb iagabes :

.a ( natlumiS sisetopiH naijugneP F ijU )

hakgnaL - sisetopih iju naijugnep hakgnal iagabes F iju natlumis

tukireb :

)1 sisetopiH naksumureM

- kalotid nad adap iawagep ispesrep aynitra ,amiretid

nagnukgnil k kisif non nad kisif ajre natlumis araces

.iawagep ajrenik padahret huragnepreb

- amiretid nad adap iawagep ispesrep aynitra ,kalotid

nagnukgnil kisif non nad kisif ajrek kadit natlumis araces

iawagep ajrenik padahret huragnepreb .

)2 isnakifingis takgnit nakutneneM

nakanuggnem isnakifingis takgniT α %5 .50,0 uata

)3 nakutneneM

AVONA lebat nakrasadreB helorepid .710,6 rasebes

)4 nakutneneM

,%59 nanikayek takgnit nakanuggnem nagneD α %5 ayn raseb ,

ned iuhatekid tapad tukireb iagabes nagnutihrep nag :

17

k = gnalibmep kD

n( = tubeynep kD -k- )1

)iserger ledom adap fd ialin( 2 = gnalibmep kD

23( = tubeynep kD – 2 – 92 = )1

ialin iuhatekid %5 = gis adap F lebat nakrasadreB nagned

.23,3 rasebes 92 = tubeynep kd nad 2 = gnalibmep kd

)5 nep airetirK naijug

- akiJ > , akam kalotid nad ,amiretid

aynitra adap iawagep ispesrep nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil

huragnepreb natlumis araces kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil

.iawagep ajrenik padahret

- akiJ , akam amiretid nad ,kalotid

aynitra adap iawagep ispesrep nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil

huragnepreb kadit natlumis araces kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil

.iawagep ajrenik padahret

n tapadid naikimed nagned akaM iali )710,6( >

)23,3( akam kalotid nad amiretid iawagep ispesrep aynitra ,

araces kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap

.iawagep ajrenik padahret huragnepreb natlumis

.b isanimreteD neisifeoK

aliN i aynitrA .392,0 rasebes 9.V lebat adap nakujnutid gnay

iawagep ispesrep lebairav ( kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap nad )

27

dap iawagep ispesrep ( kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil a upmam )

adap ada gnay isairav % 3,92 naksalejnem uata )Y( iawagep ajrenik

,92 iawageP ajreniK lebairav helo ihuragnepid % 3 nad .

aynasiS af helo ihuragnepid % 7,07 k rot - .nial rotkaf

.D nasahabmeP

M dap iawagep ispesrep nakutnene a ispesrep ,kisif ajrek nagnukgnil

ukgnil adap iawagep iawagep ajrenik nad kisif non ajrek nagn tahilid tapad

atar ialin - nagned aynatar nagnutihrep :

ayntujnaleS nakutnenem kutnu lavretni ispesrep hadner iggnit

dap iawagep a ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesrep ,kisif ajrek nagnukgnil

p ajrenik nad kisif non salek 5 taubmem nagned iawage iggnitret roks utiay

irogetak halmuj igabid hadneret roks ignarukid sumur nagned nagneD . :

= lavretnI =

08,0 rasebes lavretni ikilimem salek paites sataid nagnutihrep iraD

lek tapadid tapad aggnihes b iagabes sa tukire :

21.V.lebaT rokS lavretnI

rokS nagnareteK08,1 ≤ hadneR tagnaS

06,2 - 18,1 hadneR04,3 - 16,2 pukuC02,4 - 14,3 iggniT

12,4 ≥ iggniT tagnaS

37

umur nad lebat nagned akaM gnisam irad nasahabmep sataid s - gnisam

d lebairav tukireb iagabes naksalejid tapa :

.1 kisiF ajreK nagnukgniL adaP ispesreP kepsA

atar nagnutihrep irad lisah nahurulesek araceS - v atar ispesrep lebaira

ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep irogetak malad kusamret kisif utiay iggniT

atar roks nagned - irad tapadid gnay 39,3 rasebes aynatar .39,

atar lisaH lebaT - paites adap atar rotakidni adap iawagep ispesrep

agnukgnil es kisif ajrek n iagab tukireb :

31.V.lebaT ajreK nagnukgniL adaP iawageP ispesreP ataD sisilanA lisaH

kisiF

lebairaV rotakidnI rokS atar-ataR irogetaK3 13,4 iggniT tagnaS7 31,4 iggniT2,1 60,4 iggniT

8 79,3 iggniT01 ,6 49,3 iggniT5 ,4 19,3 iggniT

9 48,3 iggniT11 18,3 iggniT21 52,3 pukuC

adap iawageP ispesrePkisiF ajreK nagnukgniL

ataR -ataR rokS latoTrokS latoT atareR

31,7439,3

malad kusamret kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesreP

irad iridret gnay iggnit irogetak rotakidni rotakidni utiay nakanugid gnay

m rotnak id aradu isalukris malad kusamret 13,4 rasebes ialin iaynupme

,iggnit tagnas irogetak rotakidni isidnok alib ajrekeb sukof iawagep

malad kusamret 31,4 rasebes ialin iaynupmem namayn ajrek tapmet

,iggnit irogetak rotakidni gnay raulid nahisrebek nad maladid nahisrebek

lales kusamret gnay 60,4 rasebes amas gnay ialin iaynupmem agajret u

47

,iggnit irogetak malad rotakidni gnanet ajrek gnaur alib ajrekeb isartnesnok

uti nialeS .iggnit irogetak malad kusamret 79,3 rasebes ialin iaynupmem

rotakidni elrep nad ayahac rebmus utiay nial gnay rotnak napakgn

nakgnades 49,3 rasebes ialin nagned utiay iggnit irogetakreb ihadamem

rotakidni nakirogetakid aguj nagnarenep nad ajrek gnaur id aradu uhus

.19,3 rasebes amas ialinreb utiay iggnit rotakidnI irogetakreb gnay nial

ilisaf ianegnem iggnit naatanep nad 48,3 ialinreb ihadamem gnay rotnak sat

rasebes ialin nagned iggnit irogetak malad kusamret ipar gnay nagnaur

nakirogetakid gnay kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesreP .18,3

adap aynah 52,3 rasebes ialin nagned pukuc rotakidni et naatanep tapm

.isairavreb gnaruk gnay ajrek

.2 kisiF noN ajrek nagnukgniL adap iawageP ispesreP kepsA

atar nagnutihrep irad lisah nahurulesek araceS - ispesrep lebairav atar

if ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep irogetak malad kusamret non kis iggniT

d utiay atar roks nagne -r rasebes aynata irad tapadid gnay 95,3

.95,

paites adap atar atar lisaH lebaT rotakidni adap iawagep ispesrep

nukgnil tukireb iagabes kisif ajrek nag :

41.V.lebaT noN ajreK nagnukgniL adaP iawageP ispesreP ataD sisilanA lisaH

kisiF lebairaV rotakidnI rokS atar-ataR irogetaK

2 87,3 iggniT5 57,3 iggniT4 66,3 iggniT1 05,3 iggniT6,3 44,3 iggniT

adap iawageP ispesreP ajreK nagnukgniL noN

kisiF

ataR -ataR rokS latoT 65,12rokS latoT atareR 95,3

57

ep ispesreP malad kusamret kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawag

rotakidni irad iridret gnay iggnit irogetak - amases isakinumok rotakidni

rotakidni ,iggnit irogetak malad kusamret 87,3 ialin iaynupmem iawagep

irogetakid aguj iawagep sagut nabeb nagned nasata nailudepek iggnit nak

nagned natabilretek rotakidni nakgnadeS .87,3 rasebes ialin nagned

aguj 66,3 ialin nagned naajrekep naiaseleynep kutnu nial iawagep

ialin iaynupmem nasata nagned isakinumok rotakidni ,iggnit nakirogetakid

dnI .iggnit irogetak malad kusamret 87,3 halada amas ialinreb gnay rotaki

bawaj gnuggnat nad takab iauses naajrekep irebmem nanipmip rotakidni

malad kusamret 44,3 rasebes ialin nagned iawgep nanamaek sata isnatsni

.iggnit irogetak

.3 iawageP ajreniK kepsA

ar nagnutihrep irad lisah nahurulesek araceS at - ajrenik lebairav atar

ep t irogetak malad kusamret iawag atar roks nagned utiay iggni - aynatar

irad tapadid gnay 88,3 rasebes .88,

h lebaT paites adap atar atar lisa rotakidni tukireb iawagep iajrenik :

51.V.lebaT eP ajreniK ataD sisilanA lisaH iawag

lebairaV rotakidnI rokS atar-ataR irogetaK1 61,4 iggniT4 00,4 iggniT8 79,3 iggniT5 ,3 19,3 iggniT7 ,2 18,3 iggniT

9 57,3 iggniT6 95,3 iggniT

rokS latoT atareR 88,3

iawageP ajreniK

ataR -ataR rokS latoT 19,43

67

rotakidnI - ik rotakidni irogetakreb gnay iawagep ajren T turunem iggni

id lebat utiay 61,4 rasebes ialin nagned rotakidni tukireb iagabes sata

nakirebid gnay naajrekep nakiaseleynem ulales tapad iawagep ianegnem

rotakidnI .iggnit irogetak kusamret nem malad utkaw natapetek ianeg

00,4 rasebes ialin nagned iggniT nakirogetakid naajrekep rotakidni nad

nakirogetakid nakirebid gnay naajrekep sata bawaj gnuggnat ianegnem

79,3 rasebes ialin nagned iggniT aynialin amas gnay rotakidni ayntujnaleS .

utiay ianegnem nad naitiletek ,nanuketek nad rotnak ek gnitad utkaw tapet

rasebes ialin nagned iggniT irogetak malad kusamret ajrekeb malad tamrec

19,3 rotakidni utiay aynnial amas ialinreb gnay rotakidnI . ianegnem

iasilamiskam nad tegrat iauses takaraysam ek nanayalep ajrek utkaw

18,3 rasebes ialin nagned iggniT irogetak malad kusamret rotakidnI .

muleb gnay naajrekep naklaggninem hanrep kadit iawagep ianegnem

iaseles 57,3 ialin nagned iggniT irogetak gnologret gnay rotakidni nad

rihkaret natapetek nad natapecek ianegnem ek nanayalep malad

iT nakirogetakid takaraysam .95,3 rasebes ialin nagned iggn

.4 adnagreB isergeR sisilanA lisaH

serger sisilana lisah iraD = Y ,naamasrep nagned adnagreb i + 759,9

482,0 735,0 + hatekid tubesret naamasrep lisah iraD . u i ( ispesrep

adap iawagep nad )kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesrep(

kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil ) id tapad aggnihes fitisop ialinreb nakatak

nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesrep iggnit nikames awhab

77

ep ispesrep kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawag iawagep ajrenik akam

naka takgninem .

nagneD aynihunepret wagep ajrenik iawagep taubmem iggnit gnay ia

K nad satitnauk ,satilauk iapacnem upmam hisagneP natamaceK rotna

isnatsni helo nakpatetid halet gnay aynnaajrekep sata tegrat naiapacnep

.tubesret

.5 amasreb natlumis( F ijU sisilanA - )amas

s lebairav audek naijugnep lisah iraD amasreb arace - )natlumis( amas

nad naklisahgnem F iju nagned ialiN > )710,6(

nagned )23,3( rasebes isnakifingis 0,0 5 nagneD . lebairav audek naikimed

sabeb dap iawagep ispesrep( nad )kisif ajrek nagnukgnil a ( ispesrep

padahret nakifingis huragnepreb )kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep

races )iawagep ajrenik( Y takiret lebairav amasreb a - .)natlumis ( amas

naikimed nagned akaM nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesrep

araces kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil ajrenik padahret huragnepreb natlumis

.iawagep

d aynitrA iggnit nikames nagne ayn adap iawagep ispesrep

nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil akam kisif non nikames ajrenik alup iggnit

id iawagep K .hisagneP natamaceK rotna

87

IV BAB

NARAS ,NALUPMISEK NAD NAITILENEP NASATABRETEK

.A nalupmiseK

nad atad sisilana nakrasadreB adap nakukalid halet gnay nasahabmep

nalupmisek kiranem tapad silunep akam ,V baB awhab :

.1 ggnit irogetak malad adareb kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesreP i

39,3 rasebes utiay .

.2 irogetak malad adareb kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesreP

95,3 rasebes utiay iggnit .

.3 88,3 rasebes utiay iggnit irogetak malad adareb iawagep ajreniK .

.4 non ajrek nagnukgnil nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesreP

aynitrA .iawagep ajrenik padahret huragnepreb natlumis araces kisif

nagnukgnil nad kisif ajrek nagnukgnil adap iawagep ispesrep kiab nikames

rotnak id iawagep ajrenik alup iggnit nikames naka akam kisif non ajrek

.hisagneP natamaceK

.B naraS

tapad gnay naraS ini naitilenep nakrasadreb itilenep helo nakiapmasid

:halada

.1 ayntujnaleS itileneP igaB

saulrepmem itilenep aynkiabeS keybo aynah kadit naitilenep

tapad gnay ajas kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil nad ksif ajrek nagnukgnil

97

isam ipatet iawagep ajrenik ihuragnepmem gnay nial rotkaf kaynab k

.iawagep ajrenik ihuragnepmem tapad

.2 hisagneP natamaceK rotnaK isnatsnI igaB

nagnukgnil ispesrep lebairav nasahabmep lisah irad iuhatekiD

gnay ajrek tapmet rotakidni adap pukuc nakirogetakid gnay kisif ajrek

utiay isairavreb gnaruk tubesret lah tahileM .52,3 rasebes ialin nagned

naatanep isairavmem nad ilabmek atanem kutnu naknaraynem itilenep

met id ajem ajrek tap K tapad iawagep ayapus hisagneP natamaceK rotna

.aynajrenik naktakgninem

.C naitileneP nasatabreteK

p ini naitilenep malaD malad nasatabretek aynada iradaynem silune

:tukireb iagabes halada uti nasatabreteK .ini ispirks nasilunep

.1 .hisagneP natamaceK rotnaK id nakanugid tapad aynah ini naitileneP

.2 nagnukgnil ispesrep satabes aynah itilenep helo itiletid gnay lebairaV

kisif ajrek aggnihes ,ajas kisif non ajrek nagnukgnil ispesrep nad

rukugnem kutnu nial rotkaf uata lebairav kaynab tapadret hisam

.iawagep ajrenik

.3 ,gnaro 23 inkay ,satabret gnay naitilenep keybus naktabilem naitileneP

dap nakisasilarenegid tapad muleb lisah aggnihes keybus kopmolek a

.raseb halmuj nagned

08

D RATFA P AKATSU

ayS ,iwlA fa .nidur .SM 002 5 . aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM igetartSfititepmoK naluggnueK EFPB :atrakaygoY .

.3002 .S ,atidnirA nagned knaB artiC nad satilauK ispesreP aratna nagnubuHispirkS .habasaN satilayoL igolokisP satlukaF :atrakaruS . .SMU

.7002 .niddufiaS ,rawzA aynnarukugneP nad iroeT ,aisunaM pakiS :atrakaygoY .tesffO rajaleP akatsuP

nawrajD .oygabuS utsegnaP nad sP ot 5002 . .fitkudnI kitsitatS isidE amiL .EFPB :atrakaygoY

imE ,itawamtaF 02 . 31 . ajreniK nawayraK . //:ptth 1=m?lmth.ajrenik/10/3102/moc.topsgolb.hisgninuyhawamtaf

id hudnu 21 laggnat iraurbeF 102 3 .BIW 00.31 lukup

.2002 .dammahuM ,akmaH nasawagneP padahreT ispesreP aratnA nagnubuHvitoM nagned ajreK ispirkS .isatserpreB isa satisrevinU :atrakaruS .

.igolokisP satlukaF hayidammahuM

.0002 .inaH .T ,okodnaH aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nad ailanosreP nemejanaM .MGU ,EFPB :atrakaygoY

.5002 .gninuN ,itnadraH nagnukgniL nad naahasureP ayaduB huragneP sisilanAT ajreK .ispirkS .ajreniK padahre atanaS satisrevinU :atrakaygoY

imonokE satlukaF amrahD

.2002 .onopuS ,otnairdnI sinsiB naitileneP igolodoteM EFPB :atrakaygoY .

.0002 .pilihP ,reltoK ,noitatnemelpmi ,gninnalP ,sisylanA :nemejanaM gnitekraMnoitidE ht9 lortnoC dna .yesreJ weN ,tnI ,lanoitanretnI llaH ecitnerP ,

onoyirT gneggnaL .3102 .sutreblA , kajap bijaw ispesrep naadebrep sisilanA padahret idabirp gnaro metsys tnemssessa fles takgnit nakrasadreb

ipis iregen iawagep nagnolog nad nakididnep ispirkS .l .atrakaygoY .U .atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS satisrevin

,aragenukgnaM .A.A .ubarP rawnA 002 7. ayaD rebmuS ajreniK isaulavEaisunaM amatidA akifeR :gnudnaB .

,ariwarpukgnaM b.T .7002 .irfajS aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM :rogoB . ailahG aisenodnI

,gnallunaM nad M tohiraM HMA . 002 4 . atrakaygoY .ailanosreP nemejanaM :sserP ytisrevinU adaM hajaG

18

.1991 ,ta’raM aynnarukugneP atreS nahabureP aisunaM pakiS ailahG :atrakaJ ..aisenodnI

.2002 .namsU suidraH nad iworhcaN natakedneP : irtemokE kinkeT naanuggnePkgnelid sitkarP nad relupoP ataD nahalogneP nad sisilanA kinkeT ipa

.llecxE.SM nad SSPS margorP tekaP nakanuggneM ajaR :atrakaJasakreP odnifarG

.2891 .xelA .S ,onomesitiN ailanosreP nemejanaM ailahG :rumiT atrakaJ .aisenodnI

.9002 .iwD ,ontayirP na tcudorP acitsitatS rajaleB iridnaM noituloS ecivreS d.kitsitatS naijU ataD sisilanA kutnU atrakaygoY makaideM :atrakaygoY

aviR i hoM izwaF damhA ,lazhtieV .5002 .irsaB metsiS :lasiarppA ecnamrofreP gniaS ayaD naktakgnineM naD nawayraK ajreniK ialineM tapeT gnaY

naahasureP ilawajaR :atrakaJ . serP

sihtaM ,L treboR H nhoJ noskaJ nad .2002 . aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM .tapmE abmelaS :atrakaJ

snibboR P nehpetS , 002 . 5. .roivaheB lanoitazinagrO eK isidE salebes . nosraePlanoitanretnI noitacudE

.2102 .nebuR .laisoS igolokisP nebur//:ptth - igolokisp/2102/moc.topsgolb.knaod -lmth.laisos . 3102 teraM 42 laggnat hudnuiD

.5002 .iduB uyabruP ,osotnaS .SSPS nad llecxE .sM nagneD kitsitatS sisilanAidnA :atrakaygoY

miS ma 4002 .yrneH ,aro . aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM abmelaS :atrakaJ ,tapmE

.2102 .katloP najiL ,alebmaniS naD narukugneP iroeT iawageP ajreniKisakilpmI umlI aharG :atrakaygoY .

dnayfoS i .8002 .namreH , aisunaM ayaD rebmuS nemejanaM aharG :atrakaygoY .umlI

.8002 .onoyiguS tatS naitileneP kutnU akitsi atebaflA :gnudnaB .

.6002 .inuyhaW ,hamalaS nad .itruM ,inramuS sinsiB naitileneP igolodoteM ..tesffO idnA :atrakaygoY

.1991 .omiB ,otiglaW )ratnagneP utauS( laisoS igolokisP idnA :atrakaygoY ..tesffO

.9002 .inoT ,ayajiW taD sisilanA .SSPS nakanuggnaM a ayajamtA :atrakaygoY

28

NARIPMAL

38

renoiseuK .I naripmaL

adapeK : rdS / ubI / kapaB

iawageP lipiS iregeN hisagneP natamaceK rotnaK ogorP noluK netapubaK

atrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD 25655

,tamroh nagneD

: ayas ini amasreB

: amaN otnawruP irA ardnahC senahoY

MIN : 640 4122 80

gnit awsisahaM nemejanaM nasuruJ imonokE satlukaF rihka tak

satisrevinU nagned ispirks nusuynem gnades gnay atrakaygoY amrahD atanaS

:luduj “ AJREK NAGNUKGNIL ADAP IAWAGEP ISPESREP HURAGNEP

KISIF NON NAD KISIF IAWAGEP AJRENIK PADAHRET LIPIS IREGEN ”

susak idutS rotnaK ceK hareaD isniporP ogorP noluK netapubaK hisagneP natama

atrakaygoY awemitsI .

rdS/ubI/kapaB adapek nohom ayaS padahret nabawaj irebmem kutnu

naataynrep - naataynrep enoiseuk malad nususret gnay atad helorepmem anug ini r

ay .naitilenep malad nakhutubid gn

j aumeS gnay nabawa Ba rdS/ubI/kap nakanugrep ayas naka nakireb kutnu

nagnitnepek nnaaisaharek agaj ayas naka nad ispirks nasilunep ayas uti kutnU .ay

nakparahgnem rdS/ubI/kapaB naaidesek mem arac nagned utnabmem kutnu ireb

ini renoiseuk adap nabawaj y naadaek iauses .aynranebes gna

akpacugnem ayaS rdS/ubI/kapaB naaidesek sata hisak amiret n halet gnay

nakgnaulem

.ini renoiseuk bawajnem kutnu utkaw

tamroH ayas ,

P irA ardnahC senahoY

48

KU ISE RENO

K NAGNUKGNIL ADAP IAWAGEP ISPESREP HURAGNEP AJRE

AJRENIK PADAHRET IAWAGEP LIPIS IREGEN

susak idutS ogorP noluK netapubaK hisagneP natamaceK

atrakaygoY awemitsI hareaD isniporP

.I nednopseR satitnedI

hilip adnA gnay nabawaj adap ) X ( adnat halireB

nimaleK sineJ : .a L ika – ikaL

.b P naupmere

U ais .a : nuhat 81 – nuhat 52

.b nuhat 62 – nuhat 33

.c nuhat 43 – nuhat 14

.d nuhat 24 – nuhat 94

.e nuhat 05 – nuhat 75

.f nuhat 75 irad hibeL

rihkaret nakididneP : a. PMS AMOLPID .d

b AMS . 1 ATARTS .c

c . KMS 2 ATARTS .d

ajrekeb amaL : .a uhat 3 n – nuhat 5

.b nuhat 6 – nuhat 8

.c nuhat 9 – nuhat 11

.d nuhat 21 – nuhat 41

.e nuhat 51 irad hibeL

58

naisigneP kujnuteP : adnat halireB X ( ) nabawaj takgnit adap

!nakasar adna gnay nagned iauses gnay

STS TAGNAS : KADIT UJUTES 1( )

TS : KADIT UJUTES 2( )

N LARTEN : )3(

S : UJUTES 4( )

SS TAGNAS : UJUTES 5( )

.II ajreK nagnukgniL lebairaV

.A adap iawageP ispesreP kisiF ajreK nagnukgniL

oN naataynreP STS TS N S SS 1 nahisrebeK nagnaur malad id agajret ulales adnA . 1 2 3 4 5 2 agajret ulales adnA nagnaur raul id nahisrebeK . 1 2 3 4 5 3 aradu isalukris tapadreT adnA rotnak id . 1 2 3 4 5

4 ajrek gnaur id aradu nad uhuS ulales adnA agajret

rages nad . 1 2 3 4 5

5 p upmaL nagnarene id ajrek gnaur adnA pukuc . 1 2 3 4 5

6 pukuc gnay ayahac rebmus tapadreT rotnaK id

adnA . 1 2 3 4 5

7 naka adnA k alib ajrekeb sukof ajrek tapmet isidno

adnA namayn . 1 2 3 4 5

8 r alib ajrekeb nesnok naka adnA ajrek gnau adnA

gnay gnanet . 1 2 3 4 5

9 rotnak satilisaF ihadamem pukuc gnay gnajnunem

ajrekeb malad adnA . 1 2 3 4 5

01 rotnak napakgnelreP gnajnunem ihadamem gnay

ajrekeb malad adnA . 1 2 3 4 5

11 nagnaur naataneP adnA pukuc ipar . 1 2 3 4 5 21 et naataneP .isairavreb gnay adnA ajrek tapm 1 2 3 4 5

68

.B adap iawageP ispesreP kisiF noN ajrek nagnukgniL

oN naataynreP STS TS N S SS 1 aratna isakinumoK nagned adnA nasata kiab nilajret . 1 2 3 4 5

2 aratna isakinumoK nagned adnA iawagep amases

kiab nilajret . 1 2 3 4 5

3 m nanipmiP takab nagned iauses naajrekep nakirebme

adnA . 1 2 3 4 5

4 k adA natabilrete nagned adnA nial iawagep maladnaajrekep naiaseleynep . 1 2 3 4 5

5 p nasatA adnA sagut nabeb nagned ilude . 1 2 3 4 5

6 id adnA nanamaek sata bawaj gnuggnatreb isnatsnI

rotnak . 1 2 3 4 5

.III lebairaV iawageP ajreniK

oN naataynreP STS TS N S SS

1 ulales ayaS nem tapad nakiaseley naajrekep sata

nakirebid gnay .ayas adapek 1 2 3 4 5

2

m ulales ayaS nanayalep nad naajrekep nakiaseleyne hadus gnay tegrat nagned iauses takaraysam adap

.nakijnajid 1 2 3 4 5

3 utkaw tapet rotnak ek gnatad ulales ayaS . 1 2 3 4 5

4 tapet naajrekep nakiaseleynem tapad ulales ayaS

utkaw . 1 2 3 4 5

5 S ulales aya ,nuket naajrekep malad tamrec nad itilet . 1 2 3 4 5

6 nanayalep malad utkaw tapet nad tapec ulales ayaS

takaraysam . 1 2 3 4 5

7 S ulales aya aggnihes ,ajrek utkaw naklamiskamemnaajrekep natabmalretek imalagnem kadit .

1 2 3 4 5

8 S atreb ulales aya naajrekep sata bawaj gnuggnnaksagutid .

1 2 3 4 5

9 akij ayas naajrekep naklaggninem hanrep kadit ayaSiaseles muleb uti naajrekep .

1 2 3 4 5

78

sisilanA nad ataD isalubaT .2 naripmaL ataR - ataR

SISILANA NAD ATAD ISALUBAT LEBAT WAGEP ISPESREP ,KISIF AJREK NAGNUKGNIL ADAP IA

NUKGNIL ADAP IAWAGEP ISPESREP KISIF NON AJREK NAG AJRENIK NAD IAWAGEP

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 01 11 211 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 15 52,42 3 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 64 38,33 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 63 00,34 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 3 55 85,45 5 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 5 4 4 1 94 80,46 1 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 54 57,37 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 00,48 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 94 80,49 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 63 00,301 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 3 55 85,411 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 3 94 80,421 2 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 44 76,331 5 4 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 15 52,441 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 05 71,451 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 64 38,361 4 3 4 2 2 1 4 4 2 2 1 1 03 05,271 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 15 52,481 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 4 3 64 38,391 3 3 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 3 4 3 14 24,302 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 05 71,412 5 5 5 3 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 84 00,422 3 3 5 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 63 00,332 3 3 5 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 63 00,342 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 84 00,452 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 95 29,462 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 3 3 4 3 4 84 00,472 5 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 4 5 4 3 25 33,482 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 45 05,492 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 65 76,403 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 3 3 34 85,313 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 4 3 05 71,423 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 2 05 71,4

latoT 031 031 831 521 521 621 231 721 321 621 221 401 76,521ataR-ataR 60,4 60,4 13,4 19,3 19,3 49,3 31,4 79,3 48,3 49,3 18,3 52,3 39,3

kisiF ajreK nagnukgniL adap iawagep ispesrePlatoToN ataR-ataR

88

1 2 3 4 5 61 3 3 3 3 5 3 02 33,32 3 3 3 3 3 3 81 00,33 5 5 3 3 3 3 22 76,34 4 5 3 4 4 3 32 38,35 5 3 3 3 5 3 22 76,36 1 4 1 4 4 1 51 05,27 4 4 1 4 4 4 12 05,38 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 00,49 2 3 3 3 3 3 71 38,201 4 4 3 4 4 3 22 76,311 4 4 4 4 4 3 32 38,321 4 4 3 4 3 3 12 05,331 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 00,441 1 4 4 4 4 4 12 05,351 3 3 3 3 3 3 81 00,361 5 4 5 4 4 5 72 05,471 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 00,481 4 4 4 4 4 3 32 38,391 5 3 3 3 3 3 02 33,302 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 00,412 1 3 3 3 3 3 61 76,222 4 4 5 4 5 5 72 05,432 4 4 5 4 5 5 72 05,442 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 00,452 3 5 4 4 4 4 42 00,462 3 3 3 3 3 3 81 00,372 4 4 4 4 4 4 42 00,482 3 5 3 5 3 3 22 76,392 3 3 3 3 3 3 81 00,303 4 4 5 4 4 4 52 71,413 3 3 3 3 3 3 81 00,323 3 3 3 3 3 3 81 00,3

halmuJ 211 121 011 711 021 011 00,511ataR-ataR 05,3 87,3 44,3 66,3 57,3 44,3 95,3

oNkisiF noN ajreK nagnukgniL adaP iawageP ispesreP

latoT ataR ataR

98

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 53 98,32 4 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 93 33,43 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 4 03 33,34 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 04 44,45 4 3 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 92 22,36 4 2 4 4 4 2 1 4 2 72 00,37 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 72 00,38 5 4 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 34 87,49 4 4 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 23 65,301 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 04 44,411 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 4 4 04 44,421 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 63 00,431 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 63 00,441 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 13 44,351 4 2 4 4 2 2 4 4 2 82 11,361 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 63 00,471 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 63 00,481 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 63 00,491 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 4 93 33,402 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 63 00,412 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 33 76,322 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 13 44,332 4 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 13 44,342 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 93 33,452 5 4 5 5 5 5 4 5 5 34 87,462 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 33 76,372 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 63 00,482 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 63 00,492 4 4 2 4 4 3 4 4 4 33 76,303 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 63 00,413 5 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 53 98,323 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 53 98,3

halmuJ 331 221 521 821 521 511 221 721 021 11,421ataR-ataR 61,4 18,3 19,3 00,4 19,3 95,3 18,3 79,3 57,3 88,3

ataR - ataRlatoTIAWAGEP AJRENIK

oN

09

.3 naripmaL satilibaileR nad satidilaV ijU isergeR sisilanA nad kisalK ismusA ijU ,adnagreB

.1 satilibaileR nad satidilaV ijU

.A adap iawageP ispesreP kisiF ajreK nagnukgniL

ytilibaileR

19

.B adap iawageP ispesreP kisif non ajrek nagnukgniL

ytilibaileR

29

39

49

59

69

naitileneP nijI taruS .4 naripmaL

79