pemukiman dan an kota

8/9/2019 Pemukiman Dan an Kota

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PePerrmukiman danmukiman dan

Perkembangan KotaPerkembangan Kota

OlehOleh::

EmaEma UmiliaUmilia

1616 PebruariPebruari 20102010


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PrePre--Urban DevelopmentUrban Development

Phase 1 Paleolithic Age 600,000Phase 1 Paleolithic Age 600,000--10,000 BC10,000 BC(Savagery)(Savagery)

A food and hunting economyA food and hunting economy Phase 2 Neolithic Age 10,000Phase 2 Neolithic Age 10,000--3500 BC3500 BC

(Barbarism)(Barbarism) Cultivation of edible plants and domestication ofCultivation of edible plants and domestication of

animalanimal

Phase 3 Bronze Age 3,500Phase 3 Bronze Age 3,500--1,000 BC1,000 BCcivilization,civilization, Writing, recording, and social organisationWriting, recording, and social organisation


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The Development of PreThe Development of Pre--

historic settlementhistoric settlement North East Africa: EGYPT (6000 BC)North East Africa: EGYPT (6000 BC)

Temporary settlement of Nomads in upper Nile ValeyTemporary settlement of Nomads in upper Nile Valey

PrePre--Village CultureVillage Culture

Developed village culture and protoDeveloped village culture and proto-- urban forms of settledurban forms of settledpopulationpopulation

Growth of small towns based on earlier villages in Nile DeltaGrowth of small towns based on earlier villages in Nile Deltaand Upper Nile (eg.NAGADE, HIERAKONPOLIS)and Upper Nile (eg.NAGADE, HIERAKONPOLIS) guineguineurban form: merchants, craftsmen and agriculturalurban form: merchants, craftsmen and agricultural hinterlandhinterland.. First independent and spontaneous urban settlement of artisansFirst independent and spontaneous urban settlement of artisans

and merchantsand merchants

PrePre--Dynastic Era: small town struggle from autonomy againtsDynastic Era: small town struggle from autonomy againtskings and feudalkings and feudal

Union into old EmpireUnion into old Empire

Earliest city dated from this time (3100 BC)Earliest city dated from this time (3100 BC)


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historic settlementhistoric settlement Ethyopia and the Sudan (3000Ethyopia and the Sudan (3000--2000 B.C)2000 B.C)

Trace of preTrace of pre--urban civilization (art form, stones)urban civilization (art form, stones)

found between Red Sea and Great Lakes to South;found between Red Sea and Great Lakes to South;but cannot determine a definite pre or protourbanbut cannot determine a definite pre or protourban

development as in Egypt. Arabia and Southern Asiadevelopment as in Egypt. Arabia and Southern Asia

may have influenced.may have influenced.

Village culture exist until this period, when feudalVillage culture exist until this period, when feudal

settlement of invading dynasties occur.settlement of invading dynasties occur.

Birth of city preceded here, as elsewhere by PriestBirth of city preceded here, as elsewhere by Priest

town or holy town and ruless settlement.town or holy town and ruless settlement.


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historic settlementhistoric settlement Mesopotamia (5000Mesopotamia (5000--3500 BC)3500 BC)

Man forced to cultivate fertile river strips. High turnover ofMan forced to cultivate fertile river strips. High turnover oftribes pushing each other out of fertile areas. Exact location oftribes pushing each other out of fertile areas. Exact location offirst villages unknown.first villages unknown.

Assyria: Hassuna : Jarmo : Halaf : (5000Assyria: Hassuna : Jarmo : Halaf : (5000--4000 B.C)4000 B.C) regardedregardedas the earliest settled placed in agricultural Mesopotamia.as the earliest settled placed in agricultural Mesopotamia.Huts, tent, eventually villages.Huts, tent, eventually villages.

Region of River Delta (4400Region of River Delta (4400--3900 BC)3900 BC)

Emergence of a new tribe of people.Emergence of a new tribe of people.

Villages; Tell el obeidVillages; Tell el obeid--gawragawra

EriduEridu--lagashlagash

Elam Region = susa (4000Elam Region = susa (4000--3000 BC)3000 BC)

In the plain at foot of persian high plateau.In the plain at foot of persian high plateau.


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historic settlementhistoric settlement The Levant (AsiaThe Levant (Asia--Afrika)Afrika)

Lebanon (Byblos)Lebanon (Byblos) 45004500--2700 B.C2700 B.C

4500 : layer 1: village of farmer and fisherman4500 : layer 1: village of farmer and fisherman3800 : layer 2: village; paved streets3800 : layer 2: village; paved streets

3500 : layer 3: trade and craft flourish3500 : layer 3: trade and craft flourish

3200 : layer 4: residential town without palace or3200 : layer 4: residential town without palace ortemple but with proper harbour, fortufied by strongtemple but with proper harbour, fortufied by strong

wall.wall.2900 : layer 5: city, palace and temple2900 : layer 5: city, palace and temple

2700 : layer 6: city, palace and temple.2700 : layer 6: city, palace and temple.


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Origin and Evaluation of Cities (from village cultures),Origin and Evaluation of Cities (from village cultures),(by: Gordon Childe)(by: Gordon Childe)

What distinguishes city from village?What distinguishes city from village?

1.1. SizeSize2.2. Social structure (specialists)Social structure (specialists)

3.3. Concentration of social surplusConcentration of social surplus

4.4. Existence of monumental public buildingsExistence of monumental public buildings

5.5. Presence of a rulling classPresence of a rulling class

6.6. Existence of a system of writing and numeral notationExistence of a system of writing and numeral notation

7.7. Development of exact and predictive science: Arithmatic,Development of exact and predictive science: Arithmatic,Geomatry, AstronomyGeomatry, Astronomy

8.8. Artistic expressionArtistic expression

9.9. Tradlho dah baeTradlho dah bae importation of raw materialimportation of raw material

10.10. Specialist craftmen belong politically and economically to theSpecialist craftmen belong politically and economically to thecitycity


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Three Basic Human NeedsThree Basic Human Needs

1.1. Need for spiritual orientation in an alienNeed for spiritual orientation in an alien

worldworld

2.2. Protection againts threats to life andProtection againts threats to life and

propertyproperty

3.3. Social and economic needsSocial and economic needs


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Process of urbanizationProcess of urbanization

(being urban)(being urban)1.1. Precise centre of origin of citiesPrecise centre of origin of cities

2.2. Character of earliest citiesCharacter of earliest cities

3.3. Their DatingTheir Dating

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