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KEBIJAKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN SESUAI KONSEP FOOD – ENERGY – WATER NEXUS
DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0
HaryonoKomtek Pangan dan Pertanian
Dewan Riset Nasional
OUTLINE
IV. DISKUSI PANGAN DAN ENERGI : SINERGI VS KOMPETISI
I. ISU POKOK PANGAN DAN PERTANIAN
III. KEBIJAKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN NASIONAL
II. PANGAN DAN ENERGI SEBAGAI SIMPUL FEW NEXUS
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I. ISU POKOK BIDANG PANGAN DAN PERTANIAN
So many people today –and even professional scientists –seem to me like somebody who has seen thousands of trees but has never seen a forest (Einstein)
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FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION INTERNATIONAL AGENDA :
FAO, WFP
Fakta Tahun 2009 : Jumlah penduduk miskin dan kelaparan
mencapai lebih dari 1 milyar
World Summit on Food Security 2009 di Roma, menghasilkan
Lima Prinsip Sustainable Global Food Security
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FOOD SECURITY AT REGIONAL LEVEL :APEC, ASEAN
Pada October 2013 di Bali, Indonesia,
APEC leaders menyetujui hasil kerja
Policy Partnership on Food Security (PPFS)
Dokumen : 'APEC Food Security Road Map Towards 2020’.
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Libya
It costs as little
as US 25 cents a day
to feed a hungrychild
and change her life
forever.
About 795 million
people, or 1 in 9 of the
world’s population,
go to bedhungry
each night.
Together we are
making progress
in reducing thenumber
of hungry people inthe
world. We can achieve
Zero Hunger in our
lifetimes.
***
Prevalence of undernourishment in the population (percent) in 2014-16
Verylow
<5%
Moderatelylow
5-14,9%
Moderatelyhigh
15-24,9%
High
25-34,9%
Veryhigh
35%and over
Missingor insufficient data
South***
Sudan
State of Palestine
Brunei
Darussalam
Comoros
Seychelles
Hunger Map2015
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II. PANGAN DAN ENERGISEBAGAI SIMPUL FEW NEXUS
Sinergi atau Kompetisi ??
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TANTANGAN
BAGAIMANA KITA MAMPU DAN BERHASILMENCAPAI KETAHANAN PANGAN, ENERGI,AIR
. . .
TANPA MERUSAK SDA DAN LINGKUNGAN?
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The FAOWater-Energy-Food Nexus
Guiding Policy Making
Competition is growing forresources between water, energy, agriculture, fisheries, livestock, forestry, transport and other sectors, . . .With unpredictable impacts on the environment and livelihoods
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The FAOWater-Energy-Food Nexus
Guiding Policy Making . . continued
Growing bioenergy crops in an irrigated
agriculture scheme, . . . may help improve energy
supply and generate employment opportunities,
. . . but may also result in increased competition
for land water recources
This led FAO to develop the so-called ‘nexus
approach’ to assess links between water, energy
and food
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The FAOWater-Energy-Food Nexus
Guiding Policy Making . . continued
This approach requires a cross-sectoral analysis
– what impacts will occur in different sectors?
This informs and guides decision makers, while
enabling them to draw up tailored policies
that strike a balance between different
resource users’ goals and interests, while
maintaining ecosystems integrity.
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Water EnergyLand
Population growthand mobility
Diversifying and changingdiets
ClimateChange
International and regional trade, markets andprices
Industrial development
Technology and innovation
Governance
Dri
vers Cultural and societal
beliefs andbehaviours
Drive
rs
Managing theNexus
Resourcebase
Urbanisation
Scenario DevelopmentData andAnalysis
Response Options
Stakeholder Dialogue
KnowledgeCapital Labour
Sectoral policies , vested interests
AgriculturalTransformation
Different, often competingsocial, economic and environmental goals
DevelopmentGoals
EnergyFood Water
The FAO approach to the Water-Energy-Food Nexus
TREND OF GLOBAL POPULATION & FOOD SUPPLY
How to feed the world in thefuture in a sustainable way ?
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THE MOST IMPORTANT AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS OF INDONESIA
0
50.000.000
100.000.000
150.000.000
200.000.000
250.000.000
China India Indonesia Vietnam Thailand
Ton
s
WORLD'S TOP FIVE RICE PRODUCERS IN 2012
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Ton
s
Rice Production Indonesia :
Note: 2014 & 2015 indicates a forecast
Sources: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture
Source: FAOSTAT Data 2014
RICE
PRODUCTION TARGETS TO BE SELF-SUFFICIENT OF 5 PRIORITY COMODITIES
COMODITY PRODUCTION 2014(Million TON)
TARGETED PRODUCTION 2019(Million TON)
Paddy 70.80 82.10
Corn 19.0 24.7
Soybean 0.95 3.00
Sugar 2,63 3.82
Beef 0,460 0.755
Sources: Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture
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Land to People Ratio for Food Crops in Some Countries
No.Countries
Total Land (000 ha)
Number of People (000)
Land per capita (m2/person)
1. Indonesia : Paddy Land 7.886 240.000 329
Paddy land and Dry land 13.386 240.000 558
2. Vietnam 7.500 78.137 960
3. Thailand 31.839 60.925 5.230
4. India 161.750 1.016.938 1.290
5. China 143.625 1.282.172 1.120
6. Bangladesh 8.085 123.406 655
7. Australia 50.304 19.153 26.100
8. Brazilia 58.865 171.796 3.430
Source : Balitbangtan, 2012
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PALM OIL
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012Production (million metric tons) 19,2 19,4 21,8 23,5 26,5
Export (million metric tons) 14,2 15,5 15,6 16,5 18,1
Export Value (USD billion) 15,6 10 16,4 20,2 21,6
INDONESIAN PALM OIL PRODUCTION AND EXPORT
Sources: Food and Agriculture Organization of UN
Indonesian Palm Oil Producers Association (Gapki)
Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture
Perbandingan Luas Areal dan Produksi Kelapa Sawit Menurut
Status Pengusahaan Tahun 2015
11.6 Juta ha
PR 40,28%
PBN
6,61%
PBS
53,12%
Luas Areal / Area (Ha)
PR
PBN
PBS
PR33,88%
PBN 7,55%
PBS 58,56%
Produksi / Production (Ton)
PR
PBN
PBS
Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia Komoditas Kelapa Sawit 2015-2017
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Perkembangan Luas Areal, Produksi, dan Produktivitas
Kelapa Sawit Tahun 2011 - 2015
5.000
Produktivitas/
Productivity (Kg/Ha)
PR
PBN
PBS
2.000.000
1.000.000
-
6.000.000
5.000.000
4.000.000
3.000.000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
4.500
4.000
3.500
3.000
2.500
2.000
1.500
1.000
500
-2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
PBS 3.682 4.042 3.759 3.906 3.948
PBN 3.777 4.146 3.772 3.884 3.802
PR 3.290 3.236 3.194 3.145 3.147
PR PBN PBS
Luas Areal / Area (Ha)
Statistik Perkebunan Indonesia Komoditas Kelapa Sawit 2015-2017
Industri Sawit BerperanPenting Pada
PerekonomianIndonesia
Padatkarya Total Nilai Ekspor
Rp 240Trilyun*
*) Tahun2016
4,2 Juta LapanganKerja
Langsung
12 JutaLapangan KerjaTak
Langsung
Profil IndustriNilai Ekspor
Lapangan Kerja
LapanganKerja Pertanian
Ketahanan Energi
Menggantikan penggunaan
bahan bakarfosil
3 JutaKLMelalui programMandatori
Biodiesel 2016 yang
menghematDevisa
USD1,1 Milyar =
Rp14,83Trilyun
41%59%
Big Farmers Smallholders
41 % Petani Kecil dengan 2,3 Juta
lapangan kerja di bidang pertanian yangmenyerap
4,6 Jutapekerja
Badan PengelolaDana PerkebunanKelapa Sawit | www.bpdp.or.id 22
Sebagai industri padat karya, jutaan masyarakat sangat bergantungpada industri sawit Indonesia.Pertumbuhan industri sawit akan berperan penting padapeningkatan
kesejahteraan masyarakat
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3
Sector 2015 2016 2020 2025
Transportation, Public Service Obligation (PSO) 15% 20% 30% 30%
Transportation, Non – PSO 15% 20% 30% 30%
Industry 15% 20% 30% 30%
Electricity 25% 30% 30% 30%
Indonesia commits for green energy. In 2006, Indonesia established a Team for the development ofnational Biofuel based on the government’s regulation (PP 1/2016). The biofuel development targetis to reduce poverty and unemployment, encourage economic actvity through the procurement ofbiofuels, and reduce national fossil fuelconsumption.
• In 2008, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource (MEMR) issued regulation : Permen ESDM 32/2008, about mandatory biofuel mixed in national consumption
• In 2014, mandatory biodiesel 10% (B-10) was set for Indonesia• In 2015, Permen ESDM 12/2015 which enforced mandatory B-15 in 2015, B-20 in 2016, B-30 in
2020 and beyond
Indonesia MandatoryBiodiesel
Source :PERMEN MinistryofEnergyand MineralResources Indonesia 12/2015 and GAPKI
500
0
1,500
1,000
2,000
Fresh Fruit Bunch Price(Belawan & Riau, 2014 – Sep 2016)
1.684
Rp/Kg
2,500
BPDP sawit
898
16 July2015
BPDPcollected export tax
for the firsttime
Fresh Fruit Bunch Price -Price Trend 2014 -2018
10Source :BPDP Palm Oil and CoordinatingMinistryforEconomicAffairs2016
16 July2015
BPDP collected exportlevies for the firsttime
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INTERCONNECTION LOOP
TANTANGAN TERBESAR SINERGI !!!
PANGAN DAN SAWITSINERGI ATAU KOMPETISI ?
Java Syndrome!!!
Sumatera Syndrome!!!
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III. KEBIJAKAN KETAHANAN PANGAN NASIONAL
SESUAI KONSEP BIOINDUSTRI PERTANIAN
LAUNCHING BUKUJakarta, 20 April 2016
PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN BERBASIS EKOREGION
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PERTANIAN MASA DEPAN: KONSEKUENSI DAN SOLUSI
TREN PERUBAHAN KONSEKUENSI DAN SOLUSI
Energi fosil makin langka Transformasi ekonomi ke bioenergi
Kebutuhan pangan, pakan, energi dan serat Urgensi bioproduk, pola hidup sehat, dan pola konsumsi biokultura.
Perubahan iklim global Kapasitas adaptasi dan mitigasi
Kelangkaan lahan dan air Keniscayaan efisiensi &konservasi
Permintaan terhadap jasa lingkungan hidup Pertanian ekologis dan bioservices
Petani marjinal meningkat Pluriculture: sistem biosiklus terpadu
Kemajuan iptek biosciencedanbioengineering
Pengembangan bioekonomi
KONSEP HOLISTIK PERTANIAN BERKELANJUTAN
Faktor Produksi/Saprodi
Pertanian
Pengetahuan danKeyakinan Petani
Hama dan Penyakit
Tanaman/ Ternak/Ikan
Tanah
Degradasi
KEBERLANJUTAN PRODUKSI
SISTEM SOSIAL
Kuantitas dan Kualitas Air
Biota Tanah
KEANEKA-RAGAMAN
HAYATI
SISTEM POLITIK
SISTEM EKONOMI
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SISTEM PERTANIAN-BIOINDUSTRI
31
TEKNOLOGI DAN INOVASI PERTANIAN PANGAN, BAHAN BAKU INDUSTRI, ENERGI
PENGEMBANGAN BIOINDUSTRI DENGAN PENERAPAN KONSEP BIOREFINERY
Proses Sekunder
Pengolahan Lanjut
Konversi Protein
Asam Amino/ Pakan
Damar/ Bahan Perekat
Senyawa Fenolik
Platform Kimia
B. Bakar Nabati dan Aditif
Produk/ Penggunaan
Pupuk
Konversi Lignin
Konversi Selulosa dan Hemiselulosa
Biomassa
ResiduKarbohidrat
Minyak Nabati
Residu Residu Pembangkit Listrik danTermal
Proses Primer
( 10 – 30 % )
( 7
0 –
90
%)
3
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PROBLEM SOLVING PANGAN DAN PERTANIAN DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0 :
TARGET SDG 2030, PRECISION AGRICULTURE
SDGIndustri 4.0
Precision Agriculture
Basic Policy of National Food Development
As a philosophical thinking and a political commitment ofthe country that stated in the Act Number 18 Year 2012pertaining Food (Food Law), basic policy of national fooddevelopment:
1. Food sovereignty (kedaulatan pangan),
2. Food self-reliance (kemandirian pangan),
3. Food security (ketahanan pangan).
Those three concepts are interrelated.
At practical level, food security means providing enough foodfor the hungry, reducing number of the poor’s, and improvingcommunity nutrition, especially children.
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Food self-reliance :
means achieving food security based on the country’scapacity and capability in utilizing domestic resourcesoptimally to produce enough food for its people.
In a normal situation, food self-reliance comes asprerequisite to achieve food security.
Food import can only be done if the countryexperiences a shortage situation in providing enoughfood for all people from its domestic production.
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Food sovereignty :
means that the government of Indonesia has a freedomin food policy making process and decision, free fromany intervention from any party or vested interest, andbased solely on national and people interest.
In this context, the government may decide to import certain foodsfor a predetermined amount and at a certain period of time andstill has food sovereignty, if the decision based on national interest.
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IV. DISKUSIPANGAN DAN ENERGI
SINERGI VS KOMPETISI
PembangunanTransportasi,
Kemaritiman, Hankam,Teknologi, Sos-Hum
KetersediaanEnergi
Pasokan Energi
KetersediaanPangan
Pasokan Pangan
Populasi PendudukIndonesia
Kebutuhan Energi
KebutuhanPangan
KesejahteraanNasional
ProduktivitasNasional
KESEHATAN
+
+
++
+
+
-
+ +
+
+
-
+
+
+
SumberdayaAlam dan
Lingkungan
+
+
-
Causal-Loop Diagram Ketersediaan Pangan dan Energi (Generik)
AIR (Water) sebagai variabel simulasi
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PasokanENERGI
PasokanPANGAN
PendudukIndonesia
KetersediaanLAHAN dan
AIR,Konservasi,
EWS
PembangunanKEMARITIMAN
PembangunanHANKAM
RISET Energi (PanasBumi, CPO/PKO, Bio-
Refinery, Algae,Jarak, Kemiri Sunan,
Moda Transp, dll)
RISET Pangan (Varitas,Bibit, Benih, Budidaya,
Hama-Penyakit,Pemasaran, Mektan,
Kelembagaan)
PasokanBio-
ENERGI
+
+
PermintaanENERGI
+
+
PermintaanPANGAN
+
+
+
-
++
-
PembangunanTRANSPORTASI
+
+
(+)
(-)
(-)
-
(-)
(+) SOS-HUM
KESEHATAN
MATERIAL
+
+
TeknologiINFORMASI
+
+
+
+
+
(-)
+
+
+
KebutuhanEnergi
+
-
+
PengamananPerairan
+
Kemanan Produk Pangan,Zoonosis, Farmaceutik,Prod. Biologis (Vaksin,
Antisera, KIt Diagnostik),Herbal, Premiks.
+
PengamananDistribusiBarang
+
+
-
Logistik, SupplyChain, e-Petani, e-Desa, e-Produksi,
e-Pasar, Katam,DSS, dll)
+
+
Riset Material DayaDukung, Pasca Panen,Nano-Tek Pengemb.
Produk
+
Moda, Logistik,Transp. Terpadu,
Antar Pulau,BBM/SPBU
Laut.
+
Smart Grid
+
+
Komunikasi,Navigasi,Sekuriti
+
++
RISET Etno-Dev.,Migrasi, Ref.
Agraria, TK basisDemografi.
+
(+)
Causal-Loop-Diagram Pangan-Energi (Detail Matriks Bidang Fokus)
AIR (Water) sebagai variabel simulasi
POIN-POIN DISKUSI• Komoditas prioritas bioenergi :
sawit, singkong, shorgum, aren, jarak pagar, kemiri sunan . . .
• Apakah struktur dan instrumen kelembagaan pusat dandaerah, terkait sinergi pangan-energi-air
• sudah ada dan memadai/operasional?
• Apakah kebijakan strategis nasional dan legal framework sinergi pangan-energi-air, ada dan memadai/operasional ?
• Bagaimana dengan pemetaan kawasan komoditas pangan, energi, dukungan ketersediaan air ?
• Apakah ada dukungan sinergi riset-teknologi- inovasipangan-energi-air dari Litbang K/L, LPNK, PT, Swasta?