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MECHINERIES USE FOR PILEMECHINERIES USE FOR PILE

INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION

NURUL HUDA BT MOHD JAMALNURUL HUDA BT MOHD JAMAL

AB03061AB03061


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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

The installation process and method ofThe installation process and method of

installations are equally important factors as ofinstallations are equally important factors as of

the design process of pile foundations.the design process of pile foundations. 2 main type of pile installation:2 main type of pile installation:

Pile hammerPile hammer

Boring by mechanical augerBoring by mechanical auger


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PILE HAMMERSPILE HAMMERS


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PILE HAMMERPILE HAMMER

Factor should be taken by using this method is:Factor should be taken by using this method is:

the size and the weight of the pilethe size and the weight of the pile

the driving resistance which has to bethe driving resistance which has to beovercome to achieve the design penetrationovercome to achieve the design penetration

the available space and head room on the sitethe available space and head room on the site

the availability of cranesthe availability of cranes the noise restrictionsthe noise restrictions


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Pile driving methodsPile driving methods

(displacement piles)(displacement piles)Categories of pile driving method:Categories of pile driving method:

Dropping weightDropping weight

ExplosionExplosion VibrationVibration

Jacking (restricted to microJacking (restricted to micro--pilling)pilling)

JettingJetting


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DROP HAMMERSDROP HAMMERS

A hammer with approximately the weight ofA hammer with approximately the weight ofthe pile is raised a suitable height in a guidethe pile is raised a suitable height in a guideand released to strike the pile head.and released to strike the pile head.

2 types of drop hammers:2 types of drop hammers:

SingleSingle--acting steam or compressedacting steam or compressed--airairhammershammers

DoubleDouble--acting pile hammersacting pile hammers


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1. Single1. Single--acting steam oracting steam or

compressedcompressed--air hammerair hammer comprise a massive weight in the form of acomprise a massive weight in the form of a

cylindercylinder

admitted to the cylinder raises it up the fixedadmitted to the cylinder raises it up the fixedpiston rod.piston rod.

At the top of the stroke, which can beAt the top of the stroke, which can be

controlled by the operator, the steam is cut offcontrolled by the operator, the steam is cut off

and the cylinder falls freely on the pile helmet.and the cylinder falls freely on the pile helmet.


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Eg:Pile driving using hammerEg:Pile driving using hammer

MechineriesMechineries


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2. Double2. Double--acting pilehammersacting pilehammers

driven by steam or compressed airdriven by steam or compressed air

back guides are bolted to the hammer toback guides are bolted to the hammer to

engage with leaders, and only short legengage with leaders, and only short leg--guides are used to prevent the hammer fromguides are used to prevent the hammer from

moving relatively to the top of the pile.moving relatively to the top of the pile.

DoubleDouble--acting hammers are used mainly foracting hammers are used mainly for

sheet pile driving.sheet pile driving.


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DIESEL HAMMERSDIESEL HAMMERS

classified as single and doubleclassified as single and double--actingacting

employs a ram which is raised by explosion atemploys a ram which is raised by explosion atthe base of a cylinder.the base of a cylinder.

a vacuum is created in a separate annulara vacuum is created in a separate annularchamber as the ram moves upwardchamber as the ram moves upward

almost doubling the output of the hammer overalmost doubling the output of the hammer over

the singlethe single--acting type.acting type.provide an efficient pile driving capacity, butprovide an efficient pile driving capacity, but

not effective for all types of ground.not effective for all types of ground.


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PILE DRIVING BY VIBRATINGPILE DRIVING BY VIBRATING

usually electrically powered @ hydraulicallyusually electrically powered @ hydraulically

poweredpowered

consists of contraconsists of contra--rotating eccentric massesrotating eccentric masseswithin a housing attaching to the pile head.within a housing attaching to the pile head.

amplitude of the vibration is sufficient to breakamplitude of the vibration is sufficient to break

down the skin friction on the sides of the pile.down the skin friction on the sides of the pile.

best suited to sandy or gravelly soil.best suited to sandy or gravelly soil.


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HYDRAULIC VIBRATORYHYDRAULIC VIBRATORY

HAMMERHAMMERRequire litter soil displacementRequire litter soil displacement

Involved reducing ofInvolved reducing of --------skin frictionskin friction

--------an ingress ofan ingress of

waterwater


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Advantages using a hydraulic vibratoryAdvantages using a hydraulic vibratory

hammerhammerThe ground return to its original loadThe ground return to its original load

bearing when the vibration stopbearing when the vibration stop

Much less resistance ( noise, surroundingMuch less resistance ( noise, surroundingground movement)ground movement)

Faster ringging and deringging onsiteFaster ringging and deringging onsite

Suitable for surface compasition and pileSuitable for surface compasition and pile

extractionextraction


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JETTINGJETTING

to aid the penetration of piles in toto aid the penetration of piles in to

sand or sandy gravel, water jettingsand or sandy gravel, water jetting

very limited effect in firm to stiffvery limited effect in firm to stiff

clays or @ any soil containing muchclays or @ any soil containing much

(coarse gravel, cobbles, or boulders).(coarse gravel, cobbles, or boulders).


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BORING BY MECHANICALBORING BY MECHANICAL

AUGERAUGER


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Boringby mechanicalaugerBoringby mechanicalauger

Types of boring by mechanicalTypes of boring by mechanical

auger:auger:

Continuous Flight Auger (CFA)Continuous Flight Auger (CFA)

UnderreamingUnderreaming

C.H.D.PC.H.D.P


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Continuous Flight Auger (CFA)Continuous Flight Auger (CFA)

An equipment comprises of a mobile baseAn equipment comprises of a mobile base

carrier fitted with a hollowcarrier fitted with a hollow--stemmed flightstemmed flight

auger which is rotated into the ground toauger which is rotated into the ground to

required depth of pilling.required depth of pilling.

To form the pile:To form the pile:

concrete is placed through the flight auger asconcrete is placed through the flight auger as

it is withdrawn from the ground.it is withdrawn from the ground.


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The auger is fitted with protective cap on the outlet atThe auger is fitted with protective cap on the outlet at

the base of the central tubethe base of the central tube

rotated into the ground by the top mounted rotaryrotated into the ground by the top mounted rotary

hydraulic motor which runs on a carrier attached tohydraulic motor which runs on a carrier attached to

the mast.the mast.

On reaching the required depth, highly workableOn reaching the required depth, highly workable

concrete is pumped through the hollow stem of theconcrete is pumped through the hollow stem of the

auger, and under the pressure of the concrete theauger, and under the pressure of the concrete the

protective cap is detached.protective cap is detached.


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While rotating the auger in the same directionWhile rotating the auger in the same directionas during the boring stage, the spoil is expelledas during the boring stage, the spoil is expelledvertically as the auger is withdrawn and thevertically as the auger is withdrawn and the

pile is formed by filling with concrete.pile is formed by filling with concrete. The important things in the presses:The important things in the presses:

rotation of the augerrotation of the auger

flow of concrete is matched that collapse offlow of concrete is matched that collapse ofsides of the hole above concrete on lowersides of the hole above concrete on lowerflight of auger is avoidedflight of auger is avoided


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Factor of successfulFactor of successful

installation the pile:installation the pile:

soft groundsoft ground

enables to install aenables to install a

variety of bored piles ofvariety of bored piles of

various diametersvarious diameters

Free of tree rootsFree of tree roots

Free of CobblesFree of Cobbles

Free of bouldersFree of boulders

Factor of failureFactor of failure

installation the pile:installation the pile:

the rotation of the augerthe rotation of the auger

is not matchedis not matched

the advance of the augerthe advance of the auger

is not matchedis not matched


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CFA Process


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the underreaming tool is fitted inside thethe underreaming tool is fitted inside the

straight section of a pile shaftstraight section of a pile shaft

expanded at the bottom of the pile to produceexpanded at the bottom of the pile to producethe underreamthe underream

after installation and before concrete is casted,after installation and before concrete is casted,

a man carrying cage is lowered and the shafta man carrying cage is lowered and the shaft

and the underream of the pile is inspected.and the underream of the pile is inspected.


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a)a) hydraulic rotary drilling equipment b) C.F.A,hydraulic rotary drilling equipment b) C.F.A,

c) undrreaming tool open positionc) undrreaming tool open position


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C.H.D.P (Continuous HelicalC.H.D.P (Continuous Helical

DisplacementPilesDisplacementPiles ))

a short, hollow tapered steel former complete with aa short, hollow tapered steel former complete with alarger diameter helical flange, the bullet head is fixedlarger diameter helical flange, the bullet head is fixedto a hallow drill pipe which is connected to a highto a hallow drill pipe which is connected to a high

torque rotary head running up and down the mast of atorque rotary head running up and down the mast of aspecial rig.special rig.

A hollow cylindrical steel shaft sealed at the lowerA hollow cylindrical steel shaft sealed at the lowerend by a oneend by a one--way valve and fitted with triangularway valve and fitted with triangularsteel fins is pressed into the ground by a hydraulicsteel fins is pressed into the ground by a hydraulicram.ram.

There are no vibrations.There are no vibrations.


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C.H.D.P.C.H.D.P.


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SCREW PILINGSCREW PILING

SPECIALISTSSPECIALISTS


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IntroductionIntroduction

Combines the old fashion principles of honestyCombines the old fashion principles of honesty

and integrity with tomorrows technologyand integrity with tomorrows technology

Continuing vision to build longContinuing vision to build long--termterm The Screw Piling division design,The Screw Piling division design,

manufacturer, install and certify Screw Piles tomanufacturer, install and certify Screw Piles to

suit a vast range of applications, from fencesuit a vast range of applications, from fence

posts to heavy load bearing applications up toposts to heavy load bearing applications up to

130 tonnes.130 tonnes.


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ReliabilityReliability

The Screw Piling technique is a simple weldedThe Screw Piling technique is a simple welded

assemblyassembly

this technique is based on geothis technique is based on geo--technicaltechnicalexpertise in soil engineeringexpertise in soil engineering

the ability to design Screw Piles to suit manythe ability to design Screw Piles to suit many

different soil conditionsdifferent soil conditions

the requirement exists for longthe requirement exists for long--term structuralterm structural

integrityintegrity


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Applications for ScrewPilingApplications for ScrewPiling

Residential & Commercial buildings, BridgeResidential & Commercial buildings, Bridgeabutments, Soil Stabilizationabutments, Soil Stabilization

Pipeline supports, Signage towers & LightPipeline supports, Signage towers & Light

poles, Tension structurespoles, Tension structures

Permanent & Temporary structures,Permanent & Temporary structures,UnderpinningUnderpinning

Boardwalks, Beachfront structures.Boardwalks, Beachfront structures.


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Advantages of ScrewPilingAdvantages of ScrewPiling

Ease of handling (lightweight), RapidEase of handling (lightweight), Rapidinstallation (few minutes per pile)installation (few minutes per pile)

Minimal site preparation No excavation or soilMinimal site preparation No excavation or soilremoval, Unaffected by ground waterremoval, Unaffected by ground water

Compatible for connection to other buildingCompatible for connection to other buildingmaterials (Concrete/Timber)materials (Concrete/Timber)

Removable, Installation in sections in areas ofRemovable, Installation in sections in areas oflimited headroomlimited headroom

Use as shallow tension ground anchorsUse as shallow tension ground anchors(structures subject to wind loads)(structures subject to wind loads)

Compression members, No environmentalCompression members, No environmentaldamage, Vibration free installationdamage, Vibration free installation


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SCREW PILING SPECIALISTSSCREW PILING SPECIALISTS


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GG--PILE SYSTEMPILE SYSTEM


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GG--Pile SystemPile System

A grip jacking technique is the quiet techniqueA grip jacking technique is the quiet technique

This system is low in noise, free of vibration andThis system is low in noise, free of vibration andotherotherpollutionpollution

suitable for use in urban, noise sensitive areassuitable for use in urban, noise sensitive areas

It can install precast, steel or timber piles toIt can install precast, steel or timber piles tounlimited depthunlimited depth

successfully applied in various types of soil, fromsuccessfully applied in various types of soil, fromsoft and stiff clays, loose and dense sands,soft and stiff clays, loose and dense sands,gravel to weathered rocks.gravel to weathered rocks.


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The GThe G--Pile Model XZY 600TPile Model XZY 600T


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