modul pembelajaran motor ac satu fasa dan 3 fasa

7/23/2019 modul pembelajaran motor AC satu fasa dan 3 fasa

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DAFTAR ISI

BAB I. MOTOR INDUKSI AC TIGA FASA....................................................................1

1.1. Motor Induksi...........................................................................................................1

1.1.1. Kontruksi Motor Induksi....................................................................................1

1.1.2. Prinsip Kerja Motor Induksi..............................................................................2

1.2. Rangkaian Pengganti Motor Induksi.....................................................................4

1.2.1. Dalam Keadaan Tidak Berputar........................................................................5

1.2.2. Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa Dalam Keadaan Berputar........................................6

1.3. Kopel (torue! dan Da"a dari Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa....................................8

1.3.1. Kopel (Torsi! Pada Motor Induksi......................................................................8

1.3.2. Da"a Motor Induksi...........................................................................................10

1.#. Penentuan Parameter Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa.................................................12

1.#.1. Pengujian Tanpa Be$an.....................................................................................12

1.#.2. Pengujian D% &ntuk Menentukan Resistansi 'tator.....................................13

1.#.3. Pengujian Rotor Ditaan...................................................................................15

1.). 'tarting Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa Dengan 'akelar Bintang 'egitiga...............16

1.*. +u$ungan Kenaikan 'uu Dan Kelas Isolasi.....................................................19

B,B II. -/R,T0R ,%...............................................................................................21

2.1. &mum......................................................................................................................21

2.2. Konstruksi...............................................................................................................21

2.3. Prinsip Kerja -enerator........................................................................................26

2.#. +u$ungan ,ntara Frekuensi dengan Putaran....................................................28

2.). +u$ungan Kumparan -enerator.........................................................................30

2.*. Penguat -enerator.................................................................................................32

2.. -enerator Tanpa Be$an.........................................................................................32

2.. -enerator Ber$e$an..............................................................................................33

2.. Pengatur Tegangan.................................................................................................35

2.14. +u$ungan Paralel -enerator dengan 5aringan..............................................36

2.11. +u$ungan Paralel -enerator dengan -enerator...........................................40

B,B III. M0T0R ,% ',T& F,',................................................................................45

3.1 Motor 'atu Fasa.....................................................................................................45

3.2. Motor Run %apasitor.............................................................................................45

3.3. Karakteristik Perputaran Kopel..........................................................................47

Modul Motor AC Kerjasama Politeknik Negeri Malang & Politeknik Kota baru

0


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B,B I. M0T0R I/D&K'I ,% TI-, F,',

1.1. Motor Induksi

Motor i!"#$i ti%& '&$& t(r!iri !&ri !"& ti)( *&it" +otor i!"#$i rotor $&%#&r !&

+otor i!"#$i rotor ,(-it. K(!"&*& ,(#(r& !(%& )ri$i) #(r& *&% $&+&/ t(t&)i

,(r,(!& )&!& #otr"#$i rotor*&.

1.1.1. Kontruksi Motor Induksi

Motor i!"#$i t(r!iri !&ri !"& ,&%i& *&% )o#o# *i $t&tor ,&%i& *&%

!i&+ !& rotor +(r")& ,&%i& *&% ,(r)"t&r. Rotor !it(+)&t#& !i!&-&+

r&%#& $t&tor !(%& #(t(,&-& 0/35 1/0 ++/ t(r$"$" r&)i *&% t(ri$o-&$i !&

""% ""%*& !i","% $i%#&t. i-it&*& ti%& '&$&/ *&% +&$i% +&$i%

,(r#i$&r $(,($&r 120 !(r&&t -i$tri#/ ,(-it& ti%& '&$& ii ,i$& !i","%#& !(%&

,it&% !& $(%iti%&.

G&+,&r 1.

Kotr"#$i St&tor Motor I!"#$i

"&-/ D&$&r T(#i# T(&%& i$tri#/ T. Gr&+(!i&/ &rt&/1991/&-.101.

Iti rotor $&%#&r t(r!iri &t&$ $("+-& ,&t&% #o!"#tor *&% !i","%#&

$(!(+i#i& r")& !(%& #(!"& ,"& %(-&% $(i%%& +(+)"*&i $(,"& $&%#&r


1


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,(r,(t"# $i-i!(r. B&t&% ,&t&% #o!"#tor !i)&$&% $(&r& $i&- &t&" &%

+iri% !& ""% ""%*& !i","%#& !(%& $(,"& ii1.

S&-& $&t" #otr"#$i rotor +otor i!"#$i !&)&t !i-i&t )&!& %&+,&r 2. S(,&%&i

,(ri#"t

G&+,&r 2.

Kotr"#$i Rotor Motor I!"#$i Rotor S&%#&r

St()( . C&)+&/ :-(tri M&i(r* F"!&+(t&-$/ M. Gr&;


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M(!& +&%(t )"t&r ,i&$&*& #o$t&/ ,(r)"t&r !(%& #(()&t& $i#ro

!(%& &r& )"t&r& *&% t(r%&t"% )&!& #o'i%"r&$i ","%& t(r+i&- $")-&i

!(%& t(r+i&- ,(-it& $t&tor. (r$&+&& "t"# #(()&t& $i#ro $(,&%&i ,(ri#"t

p

fnS

120= =1

K(t(r&%&

S K(()&t& $i#ro =R)+

' Fr(#"($i =

) "+-& #"t",

D&-&+ +otor i!"#$i ti! t(r!&)&t ","%& -i$tri# &t&r& rotor !& $t&tor.

Ar"$ *&% +(%&-ir )&!& rotor*& +(r")& &r"$ i!"#$i. A)&,i-& +(!& +&%(t

)"t&r +(-it&$i #o!"#tor rotor/ )&!& #o!"#tor & !ii!"#$i#& %%- *&% &

+(*(,&,#& &-ir& &r"$. &!i !(%& &!&*& #o!"#tor rotor *&% +(%&-ir#&

&r"$ !&-&+ +(!& $t&tor & +(i+,"-#& %&*& *&% ,(#(r& )&!&*&3.

G&+,&r 3. M(""##& )(&+)&% $t&tor !& rotor +otor i!"#$i !(%&

+(!& $t&tor !i&$"+$i#& ,(r)"t&r ,(r-&;&& &r& &r"+ &+ $(i%%& ,&t&%

#o!"#tor )&!& rotor !&)&t !i&$"+$i#& ,(r)"t&r $(&r& &r"+ &+ t(r&!&) +(!&

)"t&r $t&tor.

G&+,&r 3.

(&+)&% St&tor D& Rotor

S.K. B&tt&&r*&/ :-(tri&- M&i($/ N(; D(-i M.


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D(%& +(%%"& &t"r& t&%& #&& &r& !&ri %%- i!"#$i )&!& ti&)

ti&) #o!"#tor )&!& #o!i$i t(rt(t" !it(t"#& *&% !it&!&i !(%& t&!& $i-&%

!& t&!& titi# )&!& ti&) ti&) #o!"#tor rotor*&. G%- i!"#$i *&% !i&$i-#&

)&!& oi- 4 41& +$i+"+/ $(,&, )o$i$i ii r&t& r&t& )(r+"#&& '-"#$i*&

&!&-& +$i+"+ !& %%- i!"#$i )&!& )o$i$i oi- 1 11 &!&-& o-.

K&r(& #o!"#tor #o!"#tor )&!& rotor +(r")& r&%#&i& t(rt"t")/ +&

& +(%&-ir &r"$ $(i%%& ti+,"- #o)(- !& &)&,i-& #o)(- *&% ti+,"- -(,i

,($&r !&ri #o)(- ,(,&/ +& rotor & ,(r)"t&r !(%& &r& )"t&r& *&% $&+&

!(%& )"t&r& +(!& )"t&r $t&tor.

Motor i!"#$i ,(#(r& !(%& #(()&t& )"t&r rotor $(-&-" -(,i #(i- !&ri

)"t&r& $i#ro*&. i#& t(r&!i )"t&r& rotor +(&)&i )"t&r& $i#ro*&/ +&

rotor & t(t&) !i&+ t(r&!&) '-"#$i *&% ,(r)"t&r/ $(i%%& ti! & &!& %%-

*&% !ii!"#$i#&/ #&r(& ti! &!& &r"$ -i$tri# +& ti! & !i&$i-#& #o)(-.

K(()&t& r(-&ti' )"t&r& rotor t(r&!&) +(!& )"t&r $t&tor !i$(,"t !(%& $-i)

*&% !i*&t& !(%& )(r$&+&& $(,&%&i ,(ri#"t

?100xn

nns

s

rs= =2

K(t(r&%&

$ $-i) =$(-i$i #(()&t& =?

r #(()&t& rotor =r)+$ #(()&t& $i#ro =r)+

1.2. Rangkaian Pengganti Motor Induksi

R&%#&i& )(%%&ti +otor i!"#$i ti%& '&$& &!&-& $&+& !(%& r&%#&i&

)(%%&ti )&!& tr&$'or+&tor/ $t&tor +(r")& #"+)&r& )ri+(r !& rotor +(r")&

#"+)&r& $i$i $(#"!(r. R&%#&i& )(%%&ti ii !i)(r-"#& "t"# +(+)(r+"!&

)(rit"%& !& &&-i$&.


4


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1.1. Dalam Keadaan Tidak Berputar

D&-&+ #(&!&& ,(r(ti/ r&%#&i& )(%%&ti +otor i!"#$i $&+& !(%&

r&%#&i& )(%%&ti )&!& tr&$'or+&tor !&-&+ #(&!&& t&)& ,(,& $()(rti

!i)(r-i&t#& )&!& %&+,&r !i,&;& ii

G&+,&r 4.R&%#&i& (%%&ti St&tor Motor I!"#$i (r F&$& K(&!&& Di&+


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#;1 'tor ,(-it& )&!& $t&tor

#;1 'tor ,(-it& )&!& rotor

M& ,($&r t(%&%& t(ri!"#$i )&!& rotor t(r%&t"% )&!& )(r,&!i%&

,(-it& $t&tor !& rotor *&it"

:2 11

2 xEN

N =5

1.2.2. Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa Dalam Keadaan Berputar

A)&,i-& ,(-it& $t&tor !&ri +otor i!"#$i !i$")-&i !(%& t(%&%& 1/ !&

'r(#"($i '1/ +& ,(-it& $t&tor & t(r,&%#it t(%&%& t(ri!"#$i :1. T(%&%&

t(ri!"#$i !i,&%#it#& &!&*& '-"#$ "t&+& = m

&% ,(r)"t&r +(+oto% ,&t&% #o!"#tor $t&tor !(%& #(()&t& $i#ro*&.

D&-&+ #(&!&& rotor ,(r)"t&r ,($&r& ,($&r& *&% ,(r",& t(r"t&+& &!&-&

'2 ) = $ E r

'2 $ '1 =6

'1 'r(#"($i )&!& $t&tor =

'2 'r(#"($i )&!& rotor =

R(t&$i ,oor )&!& rotor )&!& $&&t rotor ,(r)"t&r *&it"

@2 $ $ @2 =7

@2 $ r(t&$i ,oor )&!& $&&t rotor ,(r)"t&r =

@2 r(t&$i ,oor )&!& $&&t rotor !i&+ =

:2 $ $ :2 !i+&& :2$ I2 2

$ :2 I2=R2 $ @2 +& :2 I2=R2$ $ @2 =8

S(i%%& r&%#&i& )(%%&ti*& &!&-& !it""##& )&!& %&+,&r 5.


6

I2

X2

V1

R2/s

X1

R1

E2

E1

I0

Xm

Rc

I1


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G&+,&r 5.

R&%#&i& :#iH&-( Motor I!"#$i (r F&$& K(&!&& B(r)"t&r


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1.3. Kopel (torue! dan Da"a dari Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa

1.3.1. Kopel (Torsi! Pada Motor Induksi

A)&,i-& &r"$ Io ti! !i&,&i#&/ ,(r&rti &r"$ t(t&) !i)(rit"%#& +&

& !it""##& o-( %&+,&r ,(ri#"t !i,&;& ii

G&+,&r 7.

R&%#&i& :#iH&-( (r F&$& &% S(,(&r*& D&ri Motor I!"#$i


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D&ri %&+,&r !i&t&$ !i)(ro-( ,&;&

1

1

#""

"#

o

oab +

= !i+&& 1 R1 @1= =11

&, 1 IO1 =12

oab

""

x"""""

+==

1

11 GG $"+,(r t(%&%& !i+&ti#&

&, R&, @&, =13

D&ri r&%#&i& )(%%&ti !&)&t !iit"% &r"$ *&% +(%&-ir )&!& ,(-it&

$i$i rotor

( )2122

1

2

1

2

!!S

RR

#$

abab

ab

++

+

= =14

D&ri )(r$&+&& !i&t&$ !i#(t&"i ,&;&

T(+s

emP

!i+&&

( )

( )

++

+

=21

2

21

2

1

22

3

!!s

RR

sR

x#x

%

ababs

ab

em

=15

ss n 2= !i+&& $ )"t&r& $i#ro =r)$

B($&r*& i-&i $-i) &%&r !i!&)&t #o)(- +$i+"+ &!&-&

0=ds

d%em

( )( )

( ) 02122

2

21

2 =+ !!Rs

Rabab

( )( )

( )2122

2

21

2 !!Rs

Rabab ++=


9


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( ) ( )2122

1

2

!!R

Rs

abab

m

++=

$ o)(r&$i $(,&%&i +otor

$ E o)(r&$i $(,&%&i %((r&tor

1.3.2. Da"a Motor Induksi

Di&%r&+ "t"# &-ir& !&*& !&ri +otor i!"#$i !it""##& )&!& %&+,&r 9.

D&*& +&$"#& $(,($&r 1 ti! $(+"&*& !i%"& "t"# +(+"t&r rotor &

t(t&)i $(,&%i& t(r,"&% !&-&+ ,(t"# r"%i r"%i !&*& +otor.

G&+,&r 9.

Di&%r&+ A-ir& D&*& Motor I!"#$i


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2 !&*& #(-"&r& )&!& +otor i!"#$i.

S(i%%& !&*& !&ri +otor i!"#$i &!&-&

1 (+ "1 $t1

(+ 1E "1E $t1 =16

D&*& (-(#tor+&%(ti# !itr&$'(r !&ri $t&tor #( ,&%i& rotor +(-&-"i (-& "!&r&/

&)&,i-& r"%i r"%i )&!& rotor !i&%%&) o- +& $(-"r" !&*& *&% +&$"# )&!&

rotor !i",& +(&!i !&*& +(#&i$/ t(t&)i #&r(& )&!& rotor ti+,"- &-ir& &r"$ +&

)&!& rotor t(r!&)&t r"%i r"%i !&*& o"t )"t +(&!i =2/ *&it"

2 (+ '; E "2 &!! =17

M& ('i$i($i !&ri +otor &!&-&

== ?100xP

P

in

out !&*& #(-"&r& !&*& +&$"#& 100 ? =18

Ar"$ $t&rt/ )&!& $&&t $ 1

( ) ( )21

221

2

1

24=

!!RR

#S$

abab

abt

+++=

=19

Ar"$ $t&rt =I1 St ..J

S&&t $t&rt r 0/ =$ 1

01 1

2

1

2 ==

Rs

sR

11

2

1

2

1

2 $j!Rj!

j!

$m

m

++= =20

( ) 121

2

1

21 .$

j!

Rj!j!st$

m

m ++= =21


11


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1.#. Penentuan Parameter Motor Induksi Tiga Fasa

&!& r&%#&i& )(%%&ti +otor i!"#$i ti%& '&$& t(r!&)&t )&r&+(t(r E )&r&+(t(r/

$()(rti @1/ R1/ @21/ R2

1!& @+*&% $&%&t !i)(r-"#& !&-&+ )(rit"%& !& &&-i$&

+otor. Ut"# +((t"#& i-&i i-&i )&r&+(t(r t(r$(,"t/ !i-"#& )(%"i&

+(-i)"ti

3.1. (%"i& t&)& ,(,&.

3.2. (%"i& DC "t"# r($i$t&$i $t&tor.

3.3. (%"i& rotor !it&&.

1.#.1. Pengujian Tanpa Be$an

D&-&+ )(%"i& t&)& ,(,&/ $-i) #(i- )&!& ;t" ,(r)"t&r/ +& r"%i

t(+,&%& rotor =I2o2R2 !&)&t !i &,&i#& $(!&%#& r"%i t(+,&%& )&!& $t&tor "#")

,($&r +& )(r-" !i)(rit"%#&/ !i+&& rotor ,(r)"t&r ,(,&$ $(i%%& #(()&t&

+(!(#&ti $i#ro =$ r +& $-i) 0. D&ri )(ro,&& t&)& ,(,&/ t(%&%&/

&r"$ !& !&*& +&$"# !&)&t !i"#"r !(%& Ho-t +(t(r/ &+)(r +(t(r !& ;&tt+(t(r.

G&+,&r 10.

R&%#&i& :#iH&-( T&)& B(,&


14/49

A!&)" r&%#&i& )(%"i&*& &!&-& $(,&%&i ,(ri#"t

G&+,&r 11.

R&%#&i& (%"i& T&)& B(,&

M. (r$or/ 1989/ &-. 279.

#(t(r&%&

1t, t(%&%& +&$"#& $t&tor )&!& $&&t t&)& ,(,& =

A1 It, &r"$ $t&tor $&&t )(%"i& t&)& ,(,& =A

tb

&&tb

$

#"

.3

=

1RRtb = =22

tbtbtb j!R" += =23

22

tbabtb R"! = '&$& =24

@+ @t, @1 =25

1.#.2. Pengujian D% &ntuk Menentukan Resistansi 'tator

Ni-&i r($i$t&$i $t&tor =R1 !&)&t !it(t"#& !(%& +(&t" ,(-it& $t&tor

!(%& $"+,(r DC. D(%& &!&*& &r"$ DC *&% +(%&-ir )&!& ,(-it& $t&tor

ti! & t(r&!i t(%&%& i!"#$i !& &-ir& &r"$ )&!& rotor*&. S(!&%#& i-&i


A1

V1

3M3meter

'att

#ariable

%egangan

Pengatur

3

13


15/49

r(t&$i !&ri +otor & ,(ri-&i o-/ $(i%%& &*& r($i$t&$i )&!& $t&tor *&%

+(+,&t&$i &r"$ *&% +(%&-ir )&!& +otor4.

G&+,&r 12.

R&%#&i& (%"i& T&&& DC

St()( . C&)+&/ :-(tri M&i(r*/ M. Gr&;


16/49

1.#.3. Pengujian Rotor Ditaan

(%"i& ,-o# rotor t($t =rotor !it&& !i-"#& "t"# +(!&)&t#& &r"$

&%#&r o+i&- =Io+/ t(%&%& ","% $i%#&t =$ !& !&*& ","% $i%#&t*&

=$.

G&+,&r 13.

R&%#&i& :#iH&-( Rotor Dit&&


17/49

22

(R(R(R R"! = =30

T&&& rotor *&% !i&" #($i$i rotor

R21 RBR R1 =31

R(t&$i ,oor rotor !i&" #( $i$i $t&tor

@BR @1 @21 =32

Ut"# +(%it"% @1!& @21/ t(r%&t"% !&ri (i$ +otor i!"#$i*&.

(+,&%i& $(&r& (+)iri$ r(t&$i ,oor !&)&t !i-i&t )&!& t&,(- 1. S(,&%&i

,(ri#"t

T&,(- 1.

D&t& :+)iri$ Motor I!"#$i Rotor S&%#&r

No. (i$ Motor I!"#$i 121

1

!!

!

+ 1212

!!

!

+1. Motor i!"#$i 3 '&$&

Rotor $&%#&r

K(-&$ A

K(-&$ BK(-&$ C

K(-&$ D

0/5

0/40/3

0/5

0/5

0/60/7

0/5

2. Motor i!"#$i 3 '&$&

rotor ,(-it&

0/5 0/5


18/49

.

G&+,&r 15.

S(-&r Bit&% S(%iti%& A:G ;i( !( St(--($(.

T&,(- 2. K(t(r&%& T(r+i&- S(-&r

T. S(-&r 1 2 4 5 9 10 13 14 15

Motor U @

S"+,(r R S T

A:G ;i( !( St(--($(.

1.). Prinsip Kerja 'tarting Dengan Bintang 'egitiga

S(&r& "+"+ )ri$i) #(r& $t&rti% !(%& $(-&r ,it&% $(%iti%& &!&-&/

+"-& +"-& $(-&+& )(rio!( $t&rt ,(-it& $t&tor !i","%#& !(%& ,it&% !&

!i","%#& !(%& t(%&%& )(" "t"# ","%& $(%iti%& = . S(t(-& rotor

+(&)&i #(()&t& )"t&r*&/ ","%& ,(-it& $t&tor !i",& +(&!i $(%iti%& "t"#

o)(r&$i $(-&"t*& =R".

G&+,&r 16.


19/49

S"+&to/ Motor Ar"$ Bo- B&-i#/ A!i O''$(t/ o#*&rt&/ 1989/ &-. 89.

K(t(r&%&

1. i#& #"+)&r& $t&tor !i","%#& ,it&% !& !i,(ri t(%&%& $"+,(r $(,($&r E/

"t"# t(%&%& )(r '&$& +(&!i3

/ $(i%%& &r"$ ti&) '&$& $&+& !(%& &r"$ -i(

=I I/ +&

"

#

$

&&

P

3

=

2. Mi$&-#& #"+)&r& '&$& !ir(&& "t"# t(%&%& E/ !i","%#& $(%iti%&

!& t(t&) !i,(ri t(%&%& $"+,(r $(,($&r E/ !& "t"# &r"$ )(r'&$& &!&-& I)/

+& 3.P& $$ = .

D&-&+ $t&rti% $(&r& -&%$"% !(%& ,(-it& $t&tor t(r","% $(%iti%&

Ar"$ '&$& $t&rti%/( )

"

#

$P

=

Ar"$ $t&rti% $&-"r&/ ( ) P$$ .3=

&!& $t&rti% $(&r& -&%$"% !(%& ","%& ,(-it& $t&tor ,it&%

Ar"$ $t&rti%

"

#

$)3

= =32

=

3

1P$

K(!"& &r"$ $t&rti% *&% !i!&)&t !&ri )(r$&+&& !i &t&$ i#& !i,&!i%#&

& +(+)(ro-( &$i- $(,&%&i ,(ri#"t


18


20/49

"

#"

#

$

$

&

&

P

P)

3

=

3

1&t&"

3

1

33

1

3

3

3

3

====

"

#"

#

$

"

#

$

$

&

&

p

&

&

&) =33

1.*. +u$ungan Kenaikan 'uu Dan Kelas Isolasi

Bi-& +otor !i&-& $"" & &i# $(,&!i% !(%& ;t" #(r&*&.

K&r(& it"/ i$o-&$i *&% !i%"& "t"# ,(-it& !& ,&%i& -&i*& !&ri +otor &r"$

+&+)" $("#")*& +(&& $"" ii. S(,&, i$o-&$i & +(+,"r"# )&!& $"" *&%

ti%%i !& !&)&t +(r"$ ,(-it& $t&tor !&ri +otor t(r$(,"t !& #(-o+)o# ,&& i$o-&$i

!i#(-o+)o##& !&-&+ ,(,(r&)& +&&+ +("r"t &+,&t& )&&$/ !& #(-&$ i$o-&$i *&%

!i)&i )&!& +otor +otor -i$tri# ,i&$&*& &!&-& #(-&$ A/ :/ B/ !& F $()(rti )&!&

t&,(- !i,&;& ii.

T&,(- 3.

K(-&$ I$o-&$i D& S"" M$i+"+ &% Di)(r,o-(#& I:C

K(-&$ i$o-&$i A : B F

S"" +$i+"+ *&% !i)(r,o-(#& =0C 105 120 130 155

T.M. So(-&i+&/ M($i T S(r(+) D&-&+ rt(#/ r&!*& &r&+it&/ &rt&/

1984 &-. 154.

S"" +$i+"+ *&% !i)(r,o-(#& $($"&i !(%& t&,(- !i &t&$/ t&)i !&-&+

)(-$&&&*& +($#i)" $"" +$i+"+ *&% !it(t"#&/ &+" ,&t&$ #(&i#& $""

!&ri +otor t $(r(+) ti! !&)&t !it(t&)#&.

D&'t&r !i ,&;& ii +(+)(r-i&t#& #(t(t"& #(t(t"& !&ri ,(,(r&)&

(%&r& !&-&+ +(+)(rii )(i%#&t& $"" +otor *&% !ii%i#& ,(r#&it& !(%&

#(-&$ i$o-&$i ,(r$&%#"t&.


19


21/49

T&,(- 4. St&!&r K-&$ I$o-&$i Motor I!"#$i

Ne/ara ete$tua$

"uhu

el#l#$/

"uhu otor &0C( e$urut las

Isolas#&0C( A E

3erma$ arat VDE ,0 40 5- 60 100

I$//r#s " ,0 40 5- 60 100

a$ada C"A ,0 40 60 10-

U"A NEA ,0 40 60 10-

U"A A"A ,0 40 60 10-

Ital# CEI ,0 40 5- 60 100

Nor7a8 NE ,0 40 5- 60

el/# NN ,0 40 5- 60 100

Pera$c#s N ,0 40 5- 60 100I$d#a I" ,0 40 5- 60

I$ter$as#o$al IEC ,0 40 5- 60 100

A,!"- K&!ir/ M($i T S(r(+)/ D&+,&t&/ &rt&/ 1986/ &-. 203.


20


22/49

B,B II. -/R,T0R ,%

2.1. &mum

G((r&tor AC ,&* #it& "+)&i )&!& )"$&tE)"$&t t(&%& -i$tri# =!(%&

#&)&$it&$ *&% r(-&ti' ,($&r. Mi$&-*&/ )&!& TA/ TU/ TD/ TG !& -&iE-&i.

Di $ii "+"+*& %((r&tor AC !i$(,"t !(%& &-t(r&tor &t&" %((r&tor $&&.

Di,&!i%#& !(%& %((r&tor DC/ %((r&tor AC -(,i oo# "t"#

)(+,&%#it t(&%& -i$tri# ,(r#&)&$it&$ ,($&r.


23/49

,(r$&+&E$&+& !(%& )oro$ !& rotor. "+-& $-i) ri% &!& !"& ,"& *&%

+&$i%E+&$i% $-i) ri% !&)&t +(%%($(r $i#&t &r&% *&% +&$i%E+&$i%

+(r")& $i#&t )o$iti' !& $i#&t (%&ti'/ ,(r%"& "t"# +(%&-ir#& &r"$

)(%"&t +&%(t #( -i-it& +&%(t )&!& rotor.

(. G((r&tor )(%"&t/ &!&-& $"&t" %((r&tor &r"$ $(&r& *&% !i)&i $(,&%&i

$"+,(r &r"$. Bi&$&*& *&% !i)&i &!&-& !i&+o $"t. G((r&tor &r"$

$(&r& ii ,i&$&*& !i#o)(- t(r&!&) +($i )(+"t&r*& ,(r$&+& %((r&tor

"t&+&. A#& t(t&)i $(#&r&% ,&* %((r&tor *&% ti! +(%%"&

%((r&tor &r"$ $(&r& =!&ri -"&r $(,&%&i $"+,(r )(%"&t/ $"+,(r )(%"&t

!i&+,i- !&ri %%- $(,&%i& #(i- ,(-it& $t&tor*&. G%- t(r$(,"t

!itr&$'or+&$i#& #(+"!i& !i$(&r& !(%& )(*(&r& (-(#troi#

$(,(-"+ +&$"# )&!& ,&%i& )(%"&t.

(i$E(i$ %((r&tor ,(r!&$&r#& #"t",*& t(r!iri !&ri

2.2.1. -enerator Kutu$ Dalam

G((r&tor #"t", !&-&+ !i,"&t $(!(+i#i& r")& $(i%%& -i-it& t(+)&t t(r&!i*& %%-

ti! ,(r%(r/ $(!&%#& #"t",E#"t", & +(i+,"-#& +(!& +&%(t ,(r)"t&r.

Ko$tr"#$i $()(rti ii !i%"& "t"# )"t&r& ti%%i/ !(%& "+-& #"t", *&%

$(!i#it.

K("t"%& %((r&tor #"t", !&-&+ i&-& ,&;& "t"# +(%&+,i- &r"$ ti!

!i,"t"#& ii %($(r !& $i#&t &r&%.


24/49

2.2.2. -enerator Kutu$ :uar

C&r& $(!(r&& "t"# +(+,"&t %((r&tor &r"$ ,o-E,&-i# &!&-& !(%& +(+"t&r

$(,"& ,(-it& !&-&+ $"&t" +(!& +&%(t =%&+,&r 12=&. M(!& +&%(t !i)(ro-(

!&ri $()&$&% +&%(t )(r+&(/ !(%& #"t", "t&r& !& #"t", $(-&t&. D&-&+ +(!&

+&%(t ii !i)"t&r $(,"& ,(-it&. Ar"$ -i$tri# *&% !i,&%#it#& !&-&+ ,(-it& !i&+,i-

!(%& ,&t"& $()&$&% ii %($(r !& $i#&t.

-am$ar 1 Mesin Kutu$ :uar8!

8!Pro6. Ir. ,$dul Kadir9 Mesin 'inkron9Pener$it Djam$atan9 5akarta9 19 +alaman 2.

G&+,&r 12=, +&+)(r-i&t#& )ri$i) +($i #"t", -"&r. K"t", U !& S !i)&$&% )&!&

$(,"& $t&tor. St&tor ii "%& ,(r'"%$i $(,&%&i )(%&t&r %&ri$E%&ri$ +&%(t.

Ko$tr"#$i $()(rti ii !i%"& "t"# )"t&r& r(!&/ !(%& "+-& #"t", *&%

,&*.

&!& +($iE+($i !(%& )"t&r& *&% ti%%i &% $"-it "t"# +(+,"&t rotor

!(%& #"t", +(oo- *&% +(+)"*&i #($(i+,&%& !i&+i$ *&% ,&i#.

K($(i+,&%& !i&+i$ *&% -(,i +"!& t(r&)&i ,i-& rotor !i,(ri ,(t"# $i-i!ri$.

D(%& !(+i#i& t","*& ti! +(oo-.

-am$ar 1 Rotor 'ilindris8!

8!

Pro6. Ir. ,$dul Kadir9 Mesin 'inkron9Pener$it Djam$atan9 5akarta9 19 +alaman 34.


23

rotors#l#$dr#s


25/49

-am$ar 24. Bagian Mesin Kutu$ Dalam 8!

8!Drs. 'umanto9 M,9 Mesin 'inkron9 Pener$it ,ndi9 ;og"akarta9 1*9 +alaman 2.

Ko$tr"#$i %((r&tor *&% "+"+ !i)&i &!&-& (i$ #"t", !&-&+ !& *&%

$(-&"t*& !i,i&r& &!&-& #o$tr"#$i %((r&tor #"t", !&-&+ ii. K(-(,i&

%((r&tor #"t", !&-&+ )&!& iti*& &!&-& ,&;& %((r&tor it" !&)&t +(%&$i-#&

t(&%& -i$tri# *&% $(,($&rE,($&r*&/ #&r(& t(%&%& *&% t(r,(t"# !&)&t -&%$"%

!i&+,i- !&ri -i-it& $t&tor*&.

Ut"# +(+,(ri %&+,&r& t(t&% %((r&tor $i#ro *&% $(,(&r*& !&)&t

!i-i&t )&!& %&+,&rE%&+,&r ,(ri#"t. Di $it" !it""##& $"&t" %((r&tor *&%

!i)&$&% +(!&t&r !& t(% =!(%& #&)&$it&$ *&% r(-&ti' ,($&r !& oto +($i

$i#ro "#"r& #(i-.


24


26/49

-am$ar 21 +idro -enerator 8!

8!Drs. 'umanto9 M,9 Mesin 'inkron9 Pener$it ,ndi9 ;og"akarta9 1*9 +alaman *.

-am$ar 22. Mesin 'inkron Ke7il dengan 'alient


27/49

-am$ar 23. Tipe


28/49

rotor *&% !i,(ri )(%"&t &r"$ $(&r& +(!&)&t t&ri#& !&ri #"t", +(!& )"t&r

$t&tor i%%& t"r"t ,(r)"t&r !(%& #(()&t& *&% $&+& =$i#ro.

&!& ,(,& o-/ $"+,(r #"t", +(!& )"t&r ,(ri+)it !(%& $"+,(r #"t",

#"+)&r& +(!& = 0. S(ti&) )(&+,&& ,(,& +(+,"&t +(!& rotor

t(rti%%&- $(,(t&r !&ri +(!& $t&tor/ t(r,(t"# $"!"t #o)(- =L "t"# #(+"!i&

,(r)"t&r !(%& #(()&t& *&% $&+& -&%i. B(,& +$i+"+ t(r&)&i #(ti#&

90o. (&+,&& ,(,& -(,i -&"t +(%i,&t#& i-&%*& #(#"&t& #o)(-

!& %((r&tor t(r$(,"t #(i-&%& $i#roi$&$i.

&!& $&&t %((r&tor ,(r,(,&/ +& )&!& #"+)&r& &%#&r $t&tor

+(%&-ir &r"$. Ar"$ ii +(i+,"-#& '-"#$ &%#&r. F-"#$ &%#&r *&%

!iti+,"-#& &r"$ =A & ,(rit(r$i !(%& *&% !i&$i-#& #"+)&r&

+(!& rotor =F/ $(i%%& +(%&$i-#& '-"#$ r($"-t& =R.

R F AL "+-& $(&r& H(#tor................................=2

A!&*& it(r$i ii !i#(&- $(,&%&i r($i &%#&r.

Ko!i$i r($i &%#&r "t"# ,(r,&%&i +&&+ (i$ ,(,& &!&-& $(,&%&i

,(ri#"t

-am$ar 2). Kondisi Reaksi 5angkar untuk Ber$agai 5enis Be$an8!

8!=ual9 Dasar Tenaga :istrik9 Pener$it ITB9 Bandung9 119 +alaman 3.


FA

FA

FF

A

A

&a( &b(

&c( &d(

27


29/49

K(t(r&%& %&+,&r

&. Ar"$ &%#&r =I $('&$& !(%& %%- =:.L(i$ ,(,& t&&& =r($i$ti'.LA

t(% -"r"$ t(r&!&) F.

,. Ar"$ &%#&r =I t(r!&"-" !(%& $"!"t !&ri %%- =:.L (i$ ,(,&

#&)&$iti'.L At(r,(-&% !(%& $"!"t =900E.

. Ar"$ &%#&r =I t(r!&"-" !(%& $"!"t 900!&ri %%- =:.L (i$ ,(,&

#&)&$iti' +"ri.L A+&+)(r#"&t F/ t(r&!i )(%&r" )(+&%(t&.L

!. Ar"$ &%#&r =I t(r,(-&% !(%& $"!"t 900!&ri %%- =:.L (i$

,(,& i!"#ti' +"ri.L A +&+)(r-(+& F/ t(r&!i )(%&r"

)(+&%(t&.

T(r-i&t r($i &%#&r )&!& &-t(r&tor =%((r&tor t(r%&t"% )&!& (i$

,(,& *&% !i-&*&i/ !(%& #&t& -&i ,(r%&t"% )&!& $"!"t '&$& &t&r& &r"$

&%#&r =I !(%& t(%&%& i!"#$i =%%-.

2.#. +u$ungan ,ntara Frekuensi dengan Putaran

t" *&% !i%"& "t"# +(%(r#& !"& ,"& #"t", *&% ti!

$(&+& *&% ,(r"r"t& +(-&-"i $(,"& #"+)&r& $&+& !(%& $&t" )rio!(.D&-&+ $&t" )(rio!( t(r$(,"t/ !i&$i-#& $&t" %(-o+,&% )(". &!i/ 1 )(rio!(

&!&-& ;t" *&% !i)(r-"#& "t"# +(+,(t"# $&t" %(-o+,&% )(". &!&

%((r&tor 2 #"t",/ ;t" *&% !i%"& "t"# 1 )"t&r& $&+& !(%& 1

)(rio!(. &!& %((r&tor 4 #"t",/ ;t" *&% !i%"& "t"# 1 )"t&r& $&+&

!(%& 2 )(rio!(.

-am$ar 2* -enerator Berkutu$ 28!

8!Drs. 'umanto9 M,9 Mesin 'inkron9 Pener$it ,ndi9 ;og"akarta9 1*9 +alaman .


U

U S

X

e

0t

1 9er#ode

28


30/49

&!& %((r&tor #"t",/ ;t" *&% !i%"& "t"# $&t" )"t&r& $&+&

!(%& ) )(rio!(.

&!&-& "+-& #"t",.

) &!&-& "+-& )&$&% #"t",.

&!& %((r&tor 2 #"t",/ 1 )(rio!( $&+& !(%& 1 )"t&r&.

&!& %((r&tor 4 #"t",/ 1 )(rio!( $&+& !(%& )"t&r&.

&!& %((r&tor #"t",/ 1 )(rio!( ,(r$&+&& !(%& 1) )"t&r&.

D&ri %&+,&r 20 !&)&t !i-i&t ,&;& $(ti&) #"t", UES ,(r)"t&r $&t" #&-i/

+& & +(%&$i-#& $&t" %(-o+,&% &t&" %(t&r& *&% t(r!iri !&ri $&t"

-(%#"% )o$iti' !& $&t" -(%#"% (%&ti' !&-&+ ,(t"# $i"$ $(&r& $(+)"r&.

B&**& %(-o+,&% *&% ,(r,(t"# $(ti&) !(ti# !i$(,"t 'r(#"($i.

S(!&%#& ;t" *&% !i)(r-"#& "t"# t(r,(t"#*& $&t" %(-o+,&% !i$(,"t

$&t" )(rio!(.

S(i%%& &t&r& #(!"& i-&i ii & !i)(ro-( ","%&

' T

1.................................................................................=3

' 'r(#"($i -i$tri# !&-&+ $&t"& &t&" )$

T )(rio!( !&-&+ $&t"& !(ti#

U+"+*& 'r(#"($i -i$tri# *&% !i&$i-#& $"&t" %((r&tor "t"# t(&%&

&!&-& 50 )$ &t&" 60 )$. A)&,i-& #"+)&r& t(r-(t !i&t&r& !"& #"t", +&%(t

= 2/ +& !&-&+ $&t" )"t&r& & t(r,(t"# $&t" %(-o+,&%. Ut"# 4/

!&-&+ $&t" )"t&r& & t(r,(t"# !"& %(-o+,&%. D(+i#i& )"-& $(t(r"$*&

,i-& #"t", +&%(t ,(rt&+,& +& ,(r&rti "t"# $(ti&) $&t" #&-i )"t&r&

#"+)&r& & t(r,(t"# %(-o+,&% -i$tri# *&% -(,i ,&*/ $(i%%&

!i)(ro-( ","%&

' 120

6 ..............................................................................=4

,&**& #"t", +&%(t

)"t&r& %((r&tor )(r +(it


29


31/49

i#& !iti&" !&ri ","%& &t&r& %((r&tor !& 'r(#"($i -i$tri# *&%

!i&$i-#& %((r&tor AC/ +& !&)&t !i,(!& &t&$

&. G((r&tor Si#ro

Di$(,"t %((r&tor $i#ro #&r(& ,($&r*& 'r(#"($i -i$tri# *&% !i&$i-#& $(,&!i%

!(%& "+-& #"t", !& )"t&r& %((r&tor/ $($"&i !(%& )(r$&+&&

' 120

6

,. G((r&tor A$i#ro

Di$(,"t %((r&tor &$i#ro #&r(& ,($&r*& 'r(#"($i -i$tri# *&% !i&$i-#& ti!

$(,&!i% !(%& "+-& #"t", !& )"t&r& %((r&tor*&.

D&-&+ t&,(- 2 !i,&;& t(r&t"+ "+-& )&$&% #"t", !& )"t&r& +($i

+("r"t $t&!&r Menurut +utte. 8!

8!Pro6. Ir. ,$dul Kadir9 Mesin 'inkron9Pener$it Djam$atan9 5akarta9 19 +alaman 31.

2.). +u$ungan Kumparan -enerator

&!& %((r&tor ti%& '&$& )&!& t(r+i&-*& &!& !"& +&&+ )(*&+,"%&=","%& *&it"


30


32/49

&.


33/49


34/49

-am$ar 2 Kur?a Pemagnetan dan Rangkaian -enerator Tanpa Be$an 8!

8!=ual9 Dasar Tenaga :istrik9 Pener$it ITB9 Bandung9 119 +alaman #.

&, t&+,&& &r"$ ,(,& *&% !i)(r-"#& "t"# !&(r& ("

R& t&&& $t&tor

@& '-"#$ ,oor

:0 =#(&!&& t&)& ,(,&...............................................=10

2.. -enerator Ber$e$an

&!& #(&!&& ,(r,(,& &r"$ &%#&r & +(%&-ir !& +(%i,&t#&

t(r&!i*& r($i &%#&r. R(t&$i &%#&r ,(r$i'&t r(ti' #&r(& it"

!i*&t& $(,&%&i r(t&$ !& !i$(,"t r(t&$i )(+&%(t =@+. R(t&$i

)(+&%(t ii ,(r$&+&E$&+& !(%& r(t&$ '-"#$ ,oor =@& !i#(&- $(,&%&i

r(t&$i $i#ro =@$

@$ @+@&.............................................................................=11

-am$ar 34 Rangkaian -enerator Ber$e$an 8!

8!=ual9 Dasar Tenaga :istrik9 Pener$it ITB9 Bandung9 119 +alaman ).


:F2

If

E Ea

Xa

Xm

Ra

V

E

0

a $ I6

celah udara

E0

Ra

Xa

V

33


35/49

-am$ar 31 Diagram @ektor -enerator untuk Be$an "ang Ber?ariasi8!

8!=ual9 Dasar Tenaga :istrik9 Pener$it ITB9 Bandung9 119 +alaman *.

-am$ar 32 @ektor -enerator Ber$e$an 8!

8!Drs. 'umanto9 M,9 Mesin 'inkron9Pener$it ,ndi9 ;og"akarta9 1*9 +alaman *2.


F2

F1

Fa @

I

Ra

jIAa

jIAm

.a

.

F2

F1

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I

IRa

jIAa

jIAm

.a

.

.Ba

@B

jIAm

F2

F1

N=

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I

IRa

jIAa

jIAm

.B

.

.aB

@C@B

.a

jIAm

=& Ut"# B(,& Ko$t& =, B(,& B(rt&+,& : Ko$t&

= B(,& B(rt&+,& Ko$t&

0I

E0

V

IZ s

IRa

IXs

34


36/49

D&ri %&+,&r !i &t&$ !&)&t !iit"%

:0 2

$

2

& 4I@$iA=4IR8o$A= +++ ...............................=12

:0 G%- *&% !i,&%#it#& o-( %((r&tor

T(%&%& t(r+i&- %((r&tor

I Ar"$ ,(,& )("

R& t&&& &%#&r

@$ R(t&$i $i#ro )(r'&$&

2.. Pengatur Tegangan

(r",&& t(%&%& )&!& $(ti&) )(+,&%#it !&)&t t(r&!i &t&r& -&i

#&r(& )(r",&& ,(,&/ )(*&+,"%& ,(,& !& )(-()&$& ,(,&.

S(-&"t*& "t"# +(+&t&)#& t(%&%& %((r&tor )&!& t(%&%& *&%

!i#((!i !i)(r-"#& )(%&t"r t(%&%& "t"# +(%&t"r &%&r )(r",&&

t(%&%& ti! +(-&+)&"i ,&t&$ +$i+"+ !& +ii+"+ *&% !iii#&.

(r",&& t(%&%& & !i+&i)"-&$i o-( )(%&t"r t(%&%& "t"# )(r",&&

)(%"&t& )&!& (#$it(r $(i%%& i,&t )(r",&& t(%&%& t(r$(,"t t(%&%&

t(r+i&- #(+,&-i )&!& #(&!&& or+&-.

(%&t"r& t(%&%& !&)&t !i-"#& $(&r& +&"&- =Ho-t&%( otro-

+&"&- !& oto+&ti$ =&"to+&ti Ho-t&%( r(%"-&tioAR. Ut"# $"&t"

)(+,&%#it -i$tri# ,i&$&*& *&% !i%"& &!&-& (i$ )(%&t"r t(%&%&

oto+&ti$ =AR.

S"+,(r t(&%& AR !i&+,i- !&ri CT !& T #(-"&r& %((r&tor.


37/49

AR +(!&)&t $"+,(r !&ri T !& & ,(#(r& +(%"r&%i ,(-it& +(!&

)&!& (#$it(r $")&*& t(%&%& %((r&tor or+&- #(+,&-i.

K&r(& t(%&%& ('(#ti' t(r+i&- %((r&tor $&&t )&r&-(- $&+& !(%&

t(%&%& ,"$,&r/ +& )(%&t"r& t(%&%& &!&-&

:R ?100:

::

F

NF

..........................................................=13

:R R(%"-&$i t(%&%&

:F T(%&%& )&!& $&&t ,(r,(,&

:N T(%&%& )&!& $&&t ti! ,(r,(,&

S(i%%& #&r(& t(%&%& ,(r",&/ +& &r"$ )(%"&t& "%& ,(r",&

I' I'%1 I'%2...................................................................=14

I'%1 Ar"$ )(%"&t %((r&tor $(,(-"+ )&r&-(-.

I'%2 Ar"$ )(%"&t %((r&tor $(,(-"+ )&r&-(-

2.14. +u$ungan Paralel -enerator dengan 5aringan

Ut"# +(+)&r&-(- $"&t" %((r&tor/ &r"$ +(+("i )(r$*&r&t& $()(rti

1. T(%&%& ('(#ti' t(r+i&- %((r&tor &r"$ $&+& ,($&r !(%& &r%& ('(#ti'

t(%&%& &-&E&-&.

2. Fr(#"($i %((r&tor &r"$ $&+& !(%& 'r(#"($i &-&E&-&..

3. F&$& %((r&tor !& &ri%& &r"$ $&+&.

4. Ur"t& '&$& %((r&tor !(%& &ri%& &r"$ $&+&.

Mi$&-*& %((r&tor A & !i)&r&-(- !(%& &-&E&-&/ +"-&E+"-& %((r&tor

!i)"t&r !(%& )(%%(r +"-& +(!(#&ti )"t&r& $i#ro*&/ -&-" )(%"&t& I '

!i&t"r $&+)&i t(%&%& %((r&tor t(r$(,"t $&+& !(%& t(%&%& &-&E&-&.


36


38/49

G

V

!1 !2

2

!+

)(%%(r+"-&

I'

R

S

T

-am$ar 33 +u$ungan Paralel -enerator dengan 5aringan8!

8!=ual9 Dasar Tenaga :istrik9 Pener$it ITB9 Bandung9 119 +alaman 14.

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-am$ar 3# :engkung Frekuensi


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G&+,&r 29 +(+)(r-i&t#& $(,"& %((r&tor *&% +(+,(ri !&*& #()&!&

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-am$ar 3* :engkung Frekuensi


40/49

-am$ar 3 -enerator Bekerja 'e$agai Motor8!8!Pro6. Ir. ,$dul Kadir9 Mesin 'inkron9Pener$it Djam$atan9 5akarta9 19 +alaman 13).

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2.11. +u$ungan Paralel -enerator dengan -enerator

Ut"# +(-&*&i ,(,& *&% -(,i ,($&r #it& &r"$ +(+)&r&-(- !"& &t&"

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8!Pro6. Ir. ,$dul Kadir9 Mesin 'inkron9Pener$it Djam$atan9 5akarta9 19 +alaman 1)2.

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-am$ar #1 :engkung Frekuensi Da"a -2'etela Diparalel dengan -18!

8!Pro6. Ir. ,$dul Kadir9 Mesin 'inkron9Pener$it Djam$atan9 5akarta9 19 +alaman 1)#.

-am$ar #2 Pengaturan -o?ernor dari -28!


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-am$ar #3 Pengaturan ,rus Medan dari -28!


Bi-& !"& %((r&tor *&% +(+)"*&i !&*& t(r)&$&% *&% $&+& ,(#(r&

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+("r"#&*& !&ri G2 =%&+,&r 38.

-am$ar ## Peru$aan Pem$agian Be$an8!

8!

Pro6. Ir. ,$dul Kadir9 Mesin 'inkron9Pener$it Djam$atan9 5akarta9 19 +alaman 1)).


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modul pembelajaran motor ac satu fasa dan 3 fasa

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