Manajemen Strategis

Manajemen Strategirifanzi@yahoo.comManajemen StrategisManajemen Strategis adalah:satu set keputusan dan tindakan manajerial,yang menentukan kinerja jangka panjang dari suatu perusahaan.Membangun:memperjelas dari visi strategis bagi perusahaan.Fokus tajam pada apa yang penting secara strategis.Peningkatan pemahaman lingkungan yang berubah dengan cepat.

Strategic management memegang peranan sangat penting dalam berbisnis, strategic management perencanaan menekankan pada rencana jangka panjang. Untuk sukses dalam usaha, pengusaha tidak hanya melakukan aktivitas dalam memenuhi permintaan pasar saat ini, tetapi juga harus juga beradaptasi dalam aktivitas memenuhi permintaan dari pasar yang terus berubah dan menembus pasar baru.

Sumber daya perusahaanKebutuhan PasarStrategiTujuan PerusahaanTujuan PerusahaanModel of Strategic ManagementEnvironmental ScanningStrategy FormulationStrategy ImplementationEvaluation & ControlSocietal Environment:General forcesTask Environment:Industry analysisStructure:Chain of CommandCulture:Beliefs, expectations, valuesResources:Assets, skills, competencies, knowledgeExternalInternalReason for ExistenceWhat results to accomplish by whenPlan to achieve the mission & objectivesBroad guidelines for decision makingMissionObjectivesStrategiesPoliciesActivities needed to accomplish a planCost of programsSequence of steps needed to do the jobProgramsBudgetsProceduresActual resultsPerformanceEnvironmental ScanningMonitoring, evaluating, and disseminating of information from the external and internal environments.The purpose: to identify strategic factors.What?SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis:External Opportunities & ThreatsInternal Strengths and WeaknessesHow?External Environmental ScanningSocietal EnvironmentIdentifying External Environmental VariablesIdentifying External Strategic FactorsIndustry Analysis: Analyzing the Task EnvironmentPorter Approach to Industry Analysis; Industry Evolution; Categorizing International Industries; International Risk Assessment; Strategic Group; Strategic Types; Hyper-competition; Using Key Success Factors; Competitive Intelligence; Strategy Canvas.ForecastingSynthesis of External Factors-EFAS (External Factors Analysis Summary)Impact on the Internet on Environmental Scanning and Industry AnalysisInternal ScanningResource-Based ApproachUsing Resources to Gain Competitive AdvantageDetermining the Sustainability of an AdvantageValue Chain AnalysisIndustry Value Chain; Corporate Value Chain Analysis.Scanning Functional ResourcesStrategic AuditSynthesis of Internal Factors: IFAS (Internal Factors Analysis Summary)Impact of Internet on Internal Scanning and OrganizationEnvironmental VariablesExternalSocietal Environment

Economic Forces, Technological Forces, Political-Legal Forces, Socio-cultural ForcesTask Environment (Industry)

Shareholders, Suppliers, Employees/Labor Unions, Competitors, Trade Association, Communities, Creditors, Special Interest Groups, Governments

Internal

Structure, Culture, ResourcesStrategy FormulationCorporate Vision, Mission & ObjectivesStrategy:

Corporate strategyDirectional StrategyPortfolio AnalysisCorporate ParentingImpact of the Internet

Business StrategyCompetitive StrategyCooperative StrategyImpact of The Internet

Functional StrategyFunctional strategy FormulationStrategic ChoiceDevelopment of PolicyImpact of The InternetSituation Analysis (SWOT)Strategy FormulationCompany Vision:What the organization would like to become.Identifies activities firm intends to pursue.Sets forth long-term direction.Provides big picture perspective of Who WE are, what WE do, where WE are headed.Example: Vision statement of Delta Airlines: Worldwide Airline of Choice.Strategy FormulationCorporate Mission:Is the purpose or reason for organizations existence.Include what some people consider as vision and mission (mission what organization is now; vision what the organization would like to become).Example: mission statement of Maytag Corporation: To improve the quality of home life by designing, building, marketing, and serving the best appliances in the world.Strategy FormulationCorporate Objectives: Are the end results of planned activity. Should result in the fulfillment of a corporations mission.Objective & Goal:Goal is an open ended statement of what one wants to accomplish with no qualification of what is achieved and no time criteria for completion.Objective increase profits 10% over last year.Goal increase profitabilityStrategy FormulationStrategy of a CorporationForm a comprehensive master plan stating how the corporation will achieve its mission and objective.Corporate StrategyBusiness (Division Level) StrategyFunctional StrategyCompanys overall direction.Strategy at the business unit or product levelStrategy taken by functional area to achieve corporate or business unit objectives

Strategy FormulationPolicy Is a broad guidelines for decision making that links the formulation of strategy with it implementation.Ex: Maytag will not approve any cost reduction proposal if it reduces product quality in any way.Strategy ImplementationWho Implements Strategy?What Must be Done?How is Strategy Implemented?International IssuesImpact of The InternetEvaluation & ControlDefinition & ScopeMeasuring PerformanceStrategic Information SystemProblem in Measuring PerformanceGuidelines for Proper ControlStrategic Incentive ManagementAdvance TopicsStrategy MapsValue Creating ProcessesBuilding Strategies and Strategy MapsAligning The Organization to Create SynergyMaking Strategy a Continual ProcessOther ApproachesStrategy at The Edge of ChaosHypercompetitionFlexibility & AdaptabilityKnowledge ManagementDynamic Approach to Strategy