malnutrisi b.ing

8/13/2019 Malnutrisi b.ing

1/10

Malnutrition

Alfit Amirah

Bambang S

Fhebby M

Laeli F


2/10

Definitions of Malnutrition

Malnutritionis a broad term which refers to

both undernutrition(subnutrition) andovernutrition. Individuals are

malnourished, or suffer from undernutrition if their diet does not

provide them with adequate calories and protein for maintenance and

growth, or they cannot fully utilize the food they eat due to illness.

People are also malnourished, or suffer from overnutrition if they

consume too many calories.


3/10

What are the signs and symptoms

of malnutrition?????

Signs and symptoms of malnutrition (subnutrition) include:

Loss of fat (adipose tissue)

Breathing difficulties, a higher risk of respiratory failure

Depression

Higher risk of complications after surgery

Higher risk ofhypothermia- abnormally low body temperatureThe total number of some types of white blood cells falls; consequently,

the immune system is weakened, increasing the risk of infections.

Higher susceptibility to feeling cold


4/10

Next..

Longer recover times from infections

Longer healing times for wounds

Longer recovery from illnesses

Lower sex drive

Problems with fertility

Reduced muscle mass

Reduced tissue mass

Tiredness, fatigue, or apathy

Irritability
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002.phphttp://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002.php


5/10

Next..

In more severe cases:

Skin may become thin, dry, inelastic, pale, and cold

Eventually, as fat in the face is lost, the cheeks look hollow and the

eyes sunken

Hair becomes dry and sparse, falling out easily

Sometimes, severe malnutrition may lead to unresponsiveness (stupor)If calorie deficiency continues for long enough, there may be heart, liver

and respiratory failure

Total starvation is said to be fatal within 8 to 12 weeks (no calorie

consumption at all)


6/10

What are the causes of

malnutrition??

In more wealthy industrialized nations malnutrition is usually

caused by:

Poor diet Mental health problems

Mobility problems

Digestive disorders and stomach conditions

Alcoholism

In poorer, developing nations malnutrition is commonly caused by:

Food shortages

Food prices and food distribution

Lack of breastfeeding


7/10

What are the treatment options for

malnutrition

NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence), UK

guidelines state that individuals who are receiving nutritional

support, as well as their caregivers Should be fully informed about their treatment

Should be given tailored information

Should be given the opportunity to discuss diagnosis, treatment

options and relevant physical, psychological and social issues.

Should be given contact details of relevant support groups,

charities and voluntary organizations.


8/10

Next..

When a diagnosis of either malnutrition or malnutrition risk has

been made, the healthcare professional (either a doctor or

dietician) who is responsible for the patient will devise atargeted care plan.

The care plan- aims for treatment will be set out, which should

include the treatment for any underlying conditions/illnesses

which are contributory factors to the malnutrition.

Diet- a good healthcare professional will discuss eating and

drinking with the patient and provide advice regarding healthy

food choices. The aim is to make sure the patient is receiving a

healthy, nutritious diet.


9/10

Preventing malnutrition

Malnutrition is caused mainly by not consuming what the

National Health Service (NHS), UK, calls "the right balance of

nutrients from major food groups". These include:

Consume plenty of fruits, grains, and vegetables

Eat a variety of foods that are low in fats and cholesterols and

contain only moderate amounts of salt, sugars, and sodium

Engage in moderate physical activity for at least 30 minutes, at

least several times a week

Achieve or maintain their ideal weight


10/10

malnutrisi b.ing

Documents