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LAPORAN SKRIPSI

RANCANG BANGUN SENSOR DAN PROTOTIPE PINTU BUKA TUTUP

OTOMATIS PENGENDALI KETINGGIAN AIR

DWI WAHYU NUZULUM MAJID

2014-54-063

DOSEN PEMBIMBING:

RIANTO WIBOWO ST., M.Eng.

QOMARUDDIN ST., MT.

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK MESIN (S1)

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MURIA KUDUS

2018

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AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF WATER LEVEL CONTROL

Nama Mahasiswa : Dwi Wahyu Nuzulum Majid

NIM : 2014-54-063

Pembimbing : 1. Rianto Wibowo S.T.,M.Eng.

2. Qomaruddin S.T.,M.T.

ABSTRAK

Control of the water level in the dam is still done manually by utilizing human power

as an operator, which in this case sometimes occurs errors in decision making or water level

reading due to human error. This is less efficient and there is often negligence on the

operator, so the river overflows and causes flooding. Bad habits of people who littering are a

contributing factor to the cause of flooding, in addition to causing loss of property can also

cause loss of life. Therefore we need a moonitoring flood and a warning to avoid undesirable

things. The purpose of this study is to design dam door controls automatically by using an

Arduino-based control system. The prototype of the dam door will open and close

automatically based on the level of the water that touches the sensor, as a door drive is used

a DC motor that will work with reverse rotation.

The method in making automatic door closure control systems for tackling floods

begins with the process of planning, manufacturing and testing materials. The manufacturing

phase of the automatic opening and closing door prototype includes work: working drawings,

material cutting, assembly and testing of materials to find out the results of the manufacture.

Keywords: automatic opening and closing doors, dc motors.

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KATA PENGANTAR

Alhamdulillah puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kehadirat Allah SWT, karena berkat

rahmat dan hidayah dari –Nya yang begitu besar maka penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi

yang berjudul “RANCANG BANGUN SENSOR DAN PROTOTIPE PINTU BUKA TUTUP

OTOMATIS PENGENDALI KETINGGIAN AIR”.

Skripsi ini dibuat untuk memenuhi syarat lulusnya mata kuliah skripsi yang merupakan

salah satu mata kuliah wajib dalam Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Muria Kudus

dan merupakan salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik (ST).

Penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada pihak-pihak yang telah banyak

membantu dan mengarahkan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini. Untuk itu penulis menyampaikan

ucapan terima kasih kepada :

1. Rianto Wibowo S.T.,M.Eng sebagai Dosen Pembimbing Utama.

2. Qomaruddin S.T.,M.T sebagai Dosen Pembimbing Pendamping.

3. Bachtiar Satya Nugraha S.T.,M.T sebagai Dosen Penguji 1.

4. Rochmad Winarso S.T.,M.T sebagai Dosen Penguji 2.

5. Seluruh Dosen Teknik Mesin Universitas Muria Kudus yang telah mendidik dan

memberikan bimbingan selama masa perkuliahan.

6. Teman-teman satu tim yang selalu kompak sehingga pembuatan mesin bisa selesai sesuai

jadwal yang telah ditentukan.

7. Keluarga, saudara, serta semua pihak yang telah berkenan memberikan dukungan moril

dan materil selama penulis kuliah dan menyelesaikan skripsi.

Penulis menyadari bahwa skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna, oleh karena itu dengan

segala kerendahan hati, penulis mengharapkan kritik, saran dan masukan yang membangun

untuk perbaikan skripsi ini.

Akhir kata semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi kita semua dan bisa memberikan

nilai tambahan bagi Program Studi Teknik Mesin Universitas Muria Kudus.

Kudus, 3 September 2018

Penulis

Dwi Wahyu Nuzulum Majid

NIM. 201454063

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ......................................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN. ......................................................................................... ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................................... iii

PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ........................................................................................... iv

RINGKASAN ................................................................................................................... v

ABSRACT .......................................................................................................................... vi

KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................................ x

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................................. xi

DAFTAR SIMBOL ........................................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................... xiv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang................................................................................................. 1

1.2 Perumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 1

1.3 Batasan Masalah .............................................................................................. 2

1.4 Tujuan .............................................................................................................. 2

1.5 Manfaat ............................................................................................................ 2

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 4

2.1 Banjir ............................................................................................................... 4

2.2 Arduino ............................................................................................................ 5

2.3 Pintu Otomatis ................................................................................................. 8

2.4.Motor DC. ....................................................................................................................... 9

2.4.1 Stator. ................................................................................................... 10

2.4.2 Rotor dan Jangkar Motor DC. ............................................................. 11

2.4.3 Komutator. ............................................................................................ 11

2.4.4 Prinsip kerja motor dc. ......................................................................... 12

2.5 Sensor Ultrasonik ............................................................................................ 13

2.6 Limit Switch. ................................................................................................... 15

2.7 Proses Permesinan. .......................................................................................... 16

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2.7.1 Pengukuran. ........................................................................................... 16

2.7.2 Menandai. .............................................................................................. 17

2.7.3 Pemotongan. .......................................................................................... 17

2.7.4 Proses Pengeleman. ............................................................................... 18

2.8 Proses Finishing .............................................................................................................. 18

BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN. ......................................................................... 19

3.1 Alur Penelitian. ................................................................................................ 19

32. Gambar Mesin. ................................................................................................ 20

3.3 Perhitungan Kebutuhan Bahan. ....................................................................... 23

3.4 Tempat Pelaksanaan. ....................................................................................... 24

3.5 Pengujian Mesin. ............................................................................................. 24

BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN. ......................................................................... 25

4.1 Perencanaan Spesifikasi. ................................................................................. 25

4.1.1 Spesifikasi Mesin. .................................................................................................. 25

4.2 Perancangan Komponen. ................................................................................. 25

4.2.1 Komponen Pintu. .................................................................................. 25

4.2.2 Gambar Mesin. ...................................................................................... 26

4.2.3 Desain Sistem. ....................................................................................... 28

4.3 Pengujian Sensor Ultrasonik. .......................................................................... 30

4.4 Perhitungan Motor DC. ................................................................................... 32

4.4.1 Perancangan rangkaian motor dc 1,2 dan 3. .......................................... 33

4.5 Menentukan Waktu Aliran Air. ....................................................................... 34

4.6 Pembuatan Kerangka Pintu. ............................................................................ 36

4.7 Biaya Pembuatan. ............................................................................................ 37

4.7.1 Perhitungan biaya. ................................................................................. 37

4.8 Proses Perakitan. ............................................................................................................. 38

4.9 Proses Finishing. ............................................................................................................. 39

4.10 Hasil Pengujian. ............................................................................................................ 39

BAB V PENUTUP ......................................................................................................... 41

5.1 Simpulan. ......................................................................................................... 41

5.2 Saran. ............................................................................................................... 41

DAFTAR PUSTAKA. .................................................................................................... 42

LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1.Arduino Uno .................................................................................................7

Gambar 2.2 Bagian Stator Motor ....................................................................................10

Gambar 2.3 Konstruksi Rotor dan Jangkar Motor ..........................................................11

Gambar 2.4 Komutator. .................................................................................................11

Gambar 2.5.Motor Listrik DC ........................................................................................13

Gambar 2.6.Sensor Ultrasonik ........................................................................................15

Gambar 2.7.Simbol dan Limit Switch ............................................................................15

Gambar 2.8.Penggaris. ....................................................................................................16

Gambar 2.9.Penitik.......................................................................................... ...............16

Gambar 2.10 Gergaji Tangan.......................................................................... ................17

Gambar 2.11.Gerinda Tangan......................................................................... ................18

Gambar 2.12 Amplas. .....................................................................................................18

Gambar 3.1. Flowchart ...................................................................................................19

Gambar 3.2. Prototipe sistem buka tutup pintu air otomatis...........................................21

Gambar 4.1. Desain Prototipe buka tutup pintu otomatis ...............................................25

Gambar 4.2. Blok diagram sistem...................................................................................28

Gambar 4.3. Diagram alir perancangan sistem kontrol ..................................................29

Gambar 4.4. Rangkaian motor dc 1,2 dan 3 ...................................................................33

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.2 Index board arduino. .........................................................................................6

Tabel 2.2. Rangkaian Sensor ..........................................................................................14

Tabel 4.1.Hasil pengukuran sensor ultrasonik. ...............................................................31

Tabel 4.2. Data Hasil Pengujian .....................................................................................40

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DAFTAR SIMBOL

SIMBOL KETERANGAN SATUAN

P Panjang Cm

L Lebar Cm

T Tinggi Cm

Q Debit Air m³/s

V Volume m²

T Waktu S

S Jarak Sensor m/s

T Torsi Nm

P Daya KW

N Kecepatan Rpm

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

LAMPIRAN 1 : DESAIN ALAT

LAMPIRAN 2 : DESAIN PINTU

LAMPIRAN 3 : RANGKAIAN HARDWARE KOMPONEN

LAMPIRAN 4 : JADWAL KEGIATAN