laporan kimia dasar 2-rev 2013

Laporan Kimia Dasar II 1

MATERI 1

KINETIKA KIMIA

Nama : Tanggal :

NIM : Waktu :

Kelompok : Asisten :

I. Pengaruh Konsentrasi terhadap Kecepatan Reaksi

1. Pengarh konsentrasi HCl

Tabung reaksi ke- Perubahan warna Waktu (s)

1 dan 6

2 dan 5

3 dan 4

Pembahasan hasil percobaan

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2. Pengaruh konsentrasi Na2S2O3


1 dan 6

2 dan 5

3 dan 4

Pembahasan konsentrasi Na2S2O3

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II. Pengaruh Suhu terhadap Kecepatan Reaksi

1. Pengaruh suhu terhadap reaksi HCl + Na2S2O3

Tabung reaksi ke- Suhu (°C) Perubahan warna Waktu (s)

1 dan 6 100

2 dan 5 50

3 dan 4 25



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2. Pengaruh suhu terhadap reaksi (COOH)2 + KMnO4

Tabung reaksi ke- Suhu (°C) Perubahan warna Waktu (s)

1 dan 6 100

2 dan 5 50

3 dan 4 25


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III. Pengaruh Katalis terhadap Kecepatan Reaksi

1. Adanya penambahan MnSO4 (katalis dari luar)


1

2

3


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2. Adanya autokalatis


1

2


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Simpulan

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Pertanyaan

1. Jelaskanlah apakah yang dimaksud dengan katalis dan bagaimana katalis dapat mepercepat laju

reaksi?

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2. Jelaskanlah bagaimana kenaikan suhu dapat mempercepat laju reaksi?

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3. Sebutkanlah faktor-faktor lain yang mempengaruhi laju reaksi (selain yang kita amati) dan

bagaimana pengaruh faktor tersebut terhadap laju reaksi?

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MATERI 2

KESETIMBANGAN KIMIA: VOLUME DAN KONSENTRASI

Nama : Tanggal :

NIM : Waktu :


1. Warna larutan KSCN adalah ……………………………………………………………………..

2. Warna larutan FeCl3 adalah ………………………………………………………………………

3. Warna larutan campuran adalah …………………………………………………………………..

4. Isilah tabel berikut ini:

Tabung Komponen yang diubah Parameter

1 Pembanding Perubahan warna :

Nilai absorbans :

2 [SCN] diperkecil/diperbesar* Perubahan warna :

Nilai absorbans :

3 [Fe3+

] diperkecil/diperbesar* Perubahan warna :

Nilai absorbans :

4 [Fe3+

] diperkecil/diperbesar* Perubahan warna :

Nilai absorbans :

5 Pengenceran.pemekatan* Perubahan warna :

Nilai absorbans :

5. Pada tabung no. 2, reaksi yang terjadi adalah …………………………………………………

dan kesetimbangan bergeser ke arah ……………………………………………………………...





8. Pada tabung no. 2, kesetimbangan bergeser ke arah ………………………………………….......

Pembahasan

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MATERI 3

ASAM, BASA, DAN GARAM

Nama : Tanggal :

NIM : Waktu :


I. Asam dan Larutan Asam

1. Pengaruh asam pada logam

Apakah perubahan yang terjadi antara logam dengan semua asam sama? Jika iya, bagaimanakah

perubahan yang teramati? Jelaskan!

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Intensitas hasil pengamatan*

Logam + HCl 6M + H3PO4 6M + CH3COOH6 M

Mg

Zn

Cu

*tunjukkan dengan + hingga +++++

2. Pengaruh konsentrasi asam pada laju reaksi

Bagaimanakah pengaruh konsentrasi asam terhadap laju reaksinya dengan logam Mg? Jelaskan!

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II. Basa dan larutan Asam

1. Tuliskan reaksi yang terjadi antara NaOH dan HCl

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2. Kelarutan NaOH dalam air (larut/tidak larut)*

Perubahan warna lakmus biru ___________________________

Perubahan warna lakmus merah ___________________________

Perubahan suhu ___________________________

Dengan demikian proses pelarutan NaOH bersifat (eksoterm/endoterm)*


3. Kelarutan Na2CO3 dalam air (larut/tidak larut)*

Perubahan warna lakmus biru ___________________________

Perubahan warna lakmus merah ___________________________

Perubahan suhu ___________________________

Dengan demikian proses pelarutan Na2CO3 bersifat (eksoterm/endoterm)*

III. Reaksi Asam, Basa, dan Garam

1. Netralisasi asam

HCl 0,10 M H2SO4 0,10M CH3COOH 0,1M

Jumlah tetes NaOH

Hingga berubah warna

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Komentar

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2. Reaksi Campuran Garam

Tuliskan hasil pengamatan dan reaksi yang terjadi pada campuran

a. FeCl3 + CoCl2

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b. CoCl2 + Na2CO3

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c. Na2CO3 + CuSO4

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d. CuSO4 + Na3PO4

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e. Na3PO4 + NiCl2

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MATERI 4

PENGUKURAN pH

Nama : Tanggal :

NIM : Waktu :


I. Kalibrasi pH meter

1. Jelaskan mengapa pH-meter sebaiknya dikalibrasi terlebih dahulu menggunakan buffer standar

sebelum digunakan untuk pengukuran pH contoh!

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2. Kapan kita perlu mengalibrasi pH-meter dengan 2 nilai pH?

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II. Indikator

Isilah tabel berikut berdasarkan hasil percobaan anda

Indikator Warna dalam

asam

Warna dalam

basa

Warna dalam

air

Warna HInd Warna Ind-

Kisaran perubahan warna berdasarkan hasil percobaan

Indikator 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Lakmus

merah biru


Urutan kekuatan asam dari kelima indikator di atas

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Simpulan

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Perbandingan pengamatan pada indikator yang sama

Indikator yang dipilih : 1. ..........................................

2. ..........................................

Perubahan warna

(warna Hind-warna Ind-)

Kisaran perubahan warna

Pengamatan anda Pengamatan teman

1.

2.

Contoh bahan alami berwarna

Nama bahan ...........................................................................

Warna mula-mula ..................................................................

Jika diperlukan

Contoh teman ……………………………………………....

Warna mula-mula …………………………………………..

Zat Warna dalam

asam

Warna dalam

basa

Warna dalam

air Warna HInd Warna Ind

-

Kisaran perubahan warna indikator alami

Indikator 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Zat asli bersifat asam atau basa? ……………………………

Pengukuran pH ……………………………………………...


III. Penetuan pH

1. pH air

pengukuran pH dengan beberapa indikator terhadap air deion yang dipanaskan

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

pengukuran pH dengan beberapa indikator terhadap air deion tidak dipanaskan

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

pengukuran pH dengan beberapa indikator terhadap air keran

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Perbandingan pengukuran pH air

Larutan

indikator

Indikator

universal pH-meter

Air deion yang dipanaskan ___________ ___________ ___________

Air deion tidak dipanaskan ___________ ___________ ___________

Air keran ___________ ___________ ___________

Jelaskan perbedaan pH yang terjadi pada beberapa sampel air

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Komentar mengenai pengukuran pH menggunakan beberapa larutan indikator, indikator universal,

dan pH-meter. Adakah ketidaksesuaian? Jelaskan baik jika ada dan tidak ada

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2. Memperkirakan pH asam, basa, garam, dan buffer

Larutan Sebelum penambahan HCl Sesudah penambahan HCl

HCl ______________________ ______________________

NaOH ______________________ ______________________

NH4OH ______________________ ______________________

NH4Cl ______________________ ______________________

Campuran NH4OH + NH4Cl ______________________ ______________________

Tentukan nilai pH secara teoritis untuk campuran NH4OH + NH4Cl

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Komentar

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MATERI 5

TITRASI ASAM-BASA

Nama : Tanggal :

NIM : Waktu :


Standardisasi Larutan NaOH

1. Hitunglah konsentrasi larutan NaOH dari prosedur A.3

2. Hitunglah massa KHC8H4O4 untuk standardisasi larutan NaOH (A.4)


3. Konsentrasi molar larutan asam

Pembahasan

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Simpulan

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MATERI 6

KALORIMETRI

Nama : Tanggal :

NIM : Waktu :


A. Kalor Jenis Logam

Ulangan 1 Ulangan 2

1. Massa logam (g)

2. Suhu logam (air mendidih) (°C)

3. Massa kalorimeter (g)

4. Massa kalorimeter + air (g)

5. Massa air (g)

6. Suhu air dalam kalorimeter (°C)

7. Suhu maksimum logam dan air dari grafik (°C)

Perhitungan Kalor Jenis dan Massa Molar Logam

1. Perubahan suhu air, ΔT (°C)

2. Kalor yang dicapai air (J)

3. Perubahan suhu logam, ΔT (°C)

4. Kalor jenis logam (J/g·°C)

5. Rerata kalor jenis logam (J/g·°C)

6. Contoh perhitungan

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B. Entalpi Reaksi Netralisasi Asam-Basa

HCl + NaOH HNO3 + NaOH

Data 1 Data 2 Data 1 Data 2

1. Perubahan suhu air, ΔT (°C)

2. Kalor yang dicapai air (J)

3. Perubahan suhu logam, ΔT (°C)

4. Kalor jenis logam (J/g·°C)

5. Rerata kalor jenis logam (J/g·°C)

Perhitungan Entalpi reaksi Netralisasi Asam-Basa

HCl + NaOH HNO3 + NaOH

Data 1 Data 2 Data 1 Data 2

1. Rerata suhu awal asam-basa (°C)

2. Perubahan suhu, ΔT (°C)

3. Volume akhir campuran (mL)

4. Massa akhir campuran (g) (ρ = 1.0 g/mL)

5. Kalor jenis campuran 4.8 J/g·°C 4.8 J/g·°C

6. Kalor yang terlibat (J)

7. Mol OH- yang bereaksi, pereaksi pembatas

8. Mol H2O yang terbentuk

9. ΔHn (kJ/mol H2O)

Contoh perhitungan

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C. Entalpi Larutan Dari Pelarutan Garam

Ulangan 1 Ulangan 2

1. Massa garam (g)

2. Mol garam (mol)

3. Massa kalorimeter (g)

4. Massa kalorimeter + air (g)

5. Massa air (g)

6. Suhu air dalam kalorimeter (°C)

7. Suhu maksimum logam dan air dari grafik (°C)

Perhitungan Kalor Jenis dan Massa Molar Logam

1. Perubahan suhu larutan, ΔT (°C)

2. Perubahan kalor air (J)

3. Perubahan suhu garam, ΔT (°C)

4. Perubahan entalpi total (J)

5. ΔHn (kJ/mol garam)

6. Rerata ΔHn (kJ/mol garam)

Contoh perhitungan

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Pembahasan

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MATERI 7

REAKSI OKSIDASI-REDUKSI

Nama : Tanggal :

NIM : Waktu :


I. Reaksi Logam dengan Air dan Asam Klorida

Logam Hasil pengamatan reaksi dengan

Air HCl 4 M

Al

Cu

Fe

Mg

Pb

Zn

Reaksi logam dengan air Reaksi logam dengan HCl

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II. Reaksi logam Al dengan beberapa larutan ion

Larutan Hasil pengamatan

Al Al + HgCl2

CuSO4

FeSO4

HgCl2

MgSO4

NaCl

Pb(NO3)2

ZnSO4


Pertanyaan

1. Mengapa sebelum direaksikan dengan larutan garam, aluminium harus dibersihkan dengan

amplas?

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2. Tuliskan persamaan reaksi yang terjadi!

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3. Apa maksud pencelupan logam Al ke dalam larutan HgCl2?

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III. Korosi Besi

No. Susunan Pengamatan

1 Paku dihubungkan dengan kutub positif

Karbon dihubungkan dengan kutub negatif

2 Paku dihubungkan dengan kutub negatif

Karbon dihubungkan dengan kutub positif

3 Paku dan karbon tidak dihubungkan

dengan sumber arus

Sebutkan logam yang bertindak sebagai anoda dan katoda pada susunan-susuna di atas

No. Anoda Katoda

1

2

3


Tuliskan reaksi yang terjadi pada anoda dan katoda masing-masing susunan

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Pembahasan

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Simpulan

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MATERI 8

SENYAWA ORGANIK

Nama : Tanggal :

NIM : Waktu :


Uji Kelarutan

Sampel Air CCl4

Beri tanda positif (+) jika larut, dengan intensitas + sampai +++, sedangkan beri tanda (0) jika tidak larut.

Komentar

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Sifat Kimia Senyawa Organik

Sampel I2 KMnO4

Beri keterangan dengan menulis perubahan yang terjadi.

Komentar

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Pendugaan Senyawa X

Hasil pengamatan

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Komentar

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MATERI 9

POLIMER

Nama : Tanggal :

NIM : Waktu :


I. Hasil Pengukuran Awal

Jenis Polimer No. Panjang /P1

(cm)

Lebar /L1

(cm)

Tebal/T1

(cm)

Massa/M1

(g)

Karet Alam

1

2

3

4

5

II. Hasil Pengukuran Setelah Beberapa Waktu

Waktu

(menit) No.

Panjang /P2

(cm)

Lebar /L2

(cm)

Tebal/T2

(cm)

Massa/M2

(g)

1

2

3

4

5

III. Hasil Pengukuran Awal

Waktu

(menit) No.

P1-P2

(cm)

L1-L2

(cm)

T1-T2

(cm)

M1-M2

(g)

1

2

3

4

5


Pembahasan

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Simpulan

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laporan kimia dasar 2-rev 2013

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