LAPORAN HASIL PENELITIAN DISERTASI DOKTOR

TAHUN ANGGARAN 2010

Judul : Analisis Kesejahteraan Muzakki Berdasarkan Pengeluaran Konsumsi Sedekah (Studi di Kota Malang Provinsi Jawa Timur)

Peneliti : Ambo Wonua Nusantara

Dibiayai Oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional sesuai dengan Surat Perjanjian Penugasan Dalam Rangka Pelaksanaan Penugasan

Penelitian Disertasi Doktor Tahun Anggaran 2010 Nomor : 492/SP2H/PP/DP2M/VI/2010, tanggal 11 Juni 2010.

Universitas Brawijaya Malang 2010

BIDANG ILMU EKONOMI

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RINGKASAN

Ambo Wonua Nusantara : Program Doktor Ilmu Ekonomi Pascasarjana Fakultas Ekonomi

Universitas Brawijaya Malang 2010. Analisis Kesejahteraan Muzakki Berdasarkan

Pengeluaran Konsumsi Sedekah (Studi Di Kota Malang Provinsi Jawa Timur). Prompotor

Agus Suman; Ko-promotor I Khusnul Ashar; Ko-promotor II Multifiah.

Tujuan hidup tiap manusia adalah untuk mencapai kesejahteraan. Hal ini sesuai

dengan maksud Tuhan menciptakan manusia sebagai hamba yang patuh ( ’abid), kreatif

(khalifatullah), dan mengajak kepada kepatuhan dan kreatifitas (da’i), tujuanNya adalah

agar manusia dapat mencapai kesejahteraannya. Secara umum, kesejahteraan sering

diartikan sebagai terpenuhinya segala kebutuhan dan keinginan. Semakin terpenuhi

kebutuhan-kebutuhan dan keinginan-keinginan maka semakin sejahtera keadaan

seorang individu ataupun suatu masyarakat. Oleh karena itu Chapra (2001)

merekomendasikan semua faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkah laku individu dan memiliki

potensi untuk memberikan kontribusi pada kesejahteraan seluruh manusia harus

diperhitungkan. Faktor-faktor tersebut antara lain seperti pendapatan/ kekayaan, umur,

status perkawinan, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, pengalaman, kesehatan, etnisitas,

religiusitas, perilaku mulia dan sebagainya.

Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui:

1). pengaruh Karakteristik Individu (umur, status perkawinan, etnis/suku bangsa,

pendidikan, kesehatan, pendapatan dan pengalaman bersedekah) baik secara simultan

maupun parsial terhadap Kesejahteraan Muzakki yang diproksi melalui pengeluaran

konsumsi sedekah ,

2).pengaruh Nilai-nilai religius terhadap Kesejahteraan Muzakki yang diproksi melalui

pengeluaran konsumsi sedekah di Kota Malang Provinsi Jawa Timur. Lokasi penelitian di

Kota Malang tepatnya pada dua Lembaga Amil Zakat Nasional (Laznas): Baitul Maal

Hidayatullah (BMH) dan Yayasan Dana Sosial Al Falah (YDSF). Populasinya adalah

seluruh muzakki/ donatur yang terdaftar pada kedua Laznas tersebut. Sampelnya adalah

donatur yang telah terdaftar dan aktif minimal selama tiga tahun. Hipotesis penelitian diuji

dengan menggunakan analisa regresi berganda.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan, pengalaman bersedekah dan

nilai-nilai religius berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan muzakki yang

diproksi melalui pengeluaran konsumsi sedekah, sedangkan umur, status perkawinan,

etnis/suku bangsa, pendidikan dan kesehatan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan. Dari

ketiga faktor tersebut, pendapatan adalah faktor yang paling dominan pengaruhnya

terhadap kesejahteraan muzakki yang diproksi melalui pengeluaran konsumsi sedekah.

Kata Kunci :, Kesejahteraan muzakki, Konsumsi sedekah, Karakteristik individu, nilai-nilai

religius

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SUMMARY

Ambo Wonua Nusantara. Doctorate Program of Economics, Post- Graduate Program of

Faculty of Economics of Brawijaya University. Malang, 2010. Analysis of The Welfareof

Donors (Muzakki) Based on the Expenditure of Charity Consumption (A Study in the

Municipality of Malang, East Java). Supervisor: Agus Suman, Co-Supervisor I: Khusnul

Ashar; Co-Supervisor II: Multifiah.

All human beings basically wants to achieve well-being. This is consistent with the

idea of God creating human beings as obedient creature ('abid), who is creative

(khalifatullah) and tending towards obedience and creativity (da'i). God’s objective is that

human beings can achieve their well-being. Generally, well-being is understood as the

fulfillment of all needs and wants. More fulfillment of needs and wants means that an

individual or a society is better off. Therefore, Chapra (2001) recommends that all factors

influencing the behavior of individual and having the potential to contribute to the well-

being of all mankind should be considered. These factors are among others

income/wealth, age, marital status, gender, education level, experience, health, ethnicity,

religiosity, virtuous deeds and others.

The objective of this research is to:

(1) determine the impact of individual characteristics (age, marital status, ethnicity/race,

education, health, income and charity experience) both simultaneously and partially

towards the well-being of donors (muzakki) which is proxied by the expenditure of charity

consumption;

(2) the impact of religious values on the well-being of charity recipients as proxied by the

expenditure of charity consumption in the municipality of Malang, province of East Java.

The location of research in Malang is two nation-wide charity raising institutions (lembaga

amil zakat nasional, abbreviated as Laznas): Baitul Maal Hidayatullah (BMH) and

Yayasan Dana Sosial Al-Falah (YDSF). The population is all donors (muzakki) listed in

the two institutions. The sample is taken from the donors who are listed and have been

active for at least three years. The research hypotheses were tested with multiple

regression analysis.

The research findings shows that the income, charity experience, and religious

values have a significant impact on the well-being of the donors (muzakki), as proxied by

the expenditure of charity consumption, while age, marital status, ethnicity/race, education

and health do not have significant impact. Of the three factors, income has the strongest

impact on donors' welfare as proxied by the expenditure of charity consumption.

Keywords: donor's well-being, charity consumption, individual characteristics, religious

values

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