laporan fototropisme

8/13/2019 Laporan Fototropisme

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JURNAL PRAKTIKUM FISIOLOGI TUMBUHAN 2013

Abstrak Fototropisme adalah gerak yang terjadi padatumbuhan yang disebabkan oleh adanya rangsangan cahaya.Bila cahaya yang datang dari atas tumbuhan, tumbuhan akan

tumbuh tegak mengarah ke atas. Praktikum dilakukan dengancara mengecambahkan biji kacang hijau dan biji jagung dengan

perbedaan perlakuan yaitu penutupan seluruh botol denganaluminium foil, penutupan sebagian botol dengan aluminium

foil, serta tidak dilakukannya penutupan dengan aluminium foilpada botol, yang masing-masing botol diisi 10 biji, sehinggaakan di dapatkan buah botol. !ahaya yang mempengaruhi

tumbuhan baik secara langsung melalui fotosintesis dan tidaklangsung yaitu dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. . Pada

tumbuhan terbuka tidak terjadi mekanisme fototropisme. Padatumbuhan terbuka sedikit terjadi mekanisme fototropisme.

Pada tumbuhan tertutup terjadi gejala etiolasi.

Kata Kunci"tiolasi, Fototropisme, Perkecambahan,

I. PENDAHULUAN

T

umbuhan a!a" m#n$#na%& 'a("u ha)&an an 'a("u "ahunan.

Tumbuhan a!a" m#n$&n#)a $)a*&"a+& an a)ah ,aha-a an

m#nan$$a!& +"&mu%u++"&mu%u+.T)/!&+m# m#n$/)n"a+&(an

!#)"umbuhan /)$an "umbuhan m#na(a"& a"au m#nauh&+"&mu%u+. T)/!&+m# aa%ah )#+!/n !#)"umbuhan -an$

m#n-#bab(an !#mb#n$(/(an /)$an "umbuhan -an$ u"uh

m#nuu a"au m#nauh& +"&mu%u+. T&$a +"&mu%u+ -an$

m#n$&nu(+& ")/!&+m# an !#)ubahan b#n"u( "ubuh -an$

m#n$&(u"&n-a aa%ah ,aha-a /"/")/!&+m#4 $)a*&"a+&

$)a*&")/!&+m#4 an +#n"uhan "h&$m/")/!&+m#4516.

F/"/")/!&+m# aa%ah $#)a( -an$ "#)a& !aa "umbuhan

-an$ &+#bab(an /%#h aan-a )an$+an$an ,aha-a. B&%a ,aha-a

-an$ a"an$ a)& a"a+ "umbuhan "umbuhan a(an "umbuh

"#$a( m#n$a)ah (# a"a+. Tuuan !)a("&(um F/"/")/!&+m# &n&

aa%ah un"u( m#n$#"ahu& a)ah !#)(#,ambahan (a)#na

!#n$a)uh ,aha-a. M#nu)u" !#na!a"526 b#)a+a)(an

)an$+an$ann-a $#)a( !aa "umbuhan &(#%/m!/((anm#na& "&$a -a&"u 7

Gerak Autonom (Endonom)

G#)a( au"/n/m #n/n/m4 aa%ah $#)a( -an$ b#%um

&(#"ahu& !#n-#babn-a +#,a)a !a+"& namun &!#)(&)a(an

$#)a( &n& &+#bab(an /%#h )an$+an$an -an$ b#)a+a% a)&

a%am "ubuh "umbuhan &"u +#n&)&. D#n$an (a"a %a&n $#)a(

au"/n/m aa%ah $#)a( -an$ "&a( &+#bab(an /%#h

)an$+an$an a)& %ua). 8/n"/hn-a $#)a( m#n$a%&)n-a

+&"/!%a+ma a%am +#% $#)a( m#%#n$(un$n-a (un,u! aun

(a)#na !#)b#aan (#,#!a"an "umbuh $#)a( -an$

&!#)%&ha"(an "umbuhan (#"&(a "umbuh +#!#)"& "umbuhn-a

a(a) ba"an$ aun an bun$a. G#)a( (%/)/!%a+ m#mu"a)

m#n$#%&%&n$& &+& +#% !aa +#%+#% aun H-)&%%a +!.

Gerak Higroskopis

G#)a( h&$)/+(/!&+ aa%ah $#)a( ba$&an "umbuhan -an$

&a(&ba"(an /%#h !#n$a)uh !#)ubahan (aa) a&) a)& +#%+#%

+#h&n$$a "#)a& !#n$#)u"an -an$ "&a( +ama. P#,ahn-a buah

!/%/n$ -an$ +uah (#)&n$ !aa %am"/)/ a)a( an (#mban$

m#)a(. M#mbu(an-a +!/)an$&um !aa "umbuhan !a(u a(&ba"

b#)(#)u"n-a +#%+#% anu%u+.

Gerak Esionom

G#)a( #+&/n/m m#)u!a(an $#)a( "umbuhan -an$

&+#bab(an /%#h )an$+an$an a)& %ua) "ubuh "umbuhan

"#)+#bu". Ma,am ma,am $#)a( #+&/n/m !aa "umbuhan7

Gerak Nasti

Na+"& aa%ah $#)a( "umbuhan "#)haa! )an$+an$an -an$

a)ah $#)a(n-a "&a( &"#n"u(an /%#h )an$+an$an "#"a!& /%#h

"umbuhan &"u +#n&)&. G#)a( na+"& "#)a& (a)#na !#)b#aan

"#(anan "u)$/). 8/n"/h !a%&n$ muah aa%ah $#)a( 9:"&u)::

-an$ & "unu((an /%#h b#)ma,amma,am "umbuhan !/%/n$

%#$um&n/+a#4. G#)a( "&u) &"u &+#bu" n&("&na+"&.

Gerak tropisme

G#)a( ")/!&+m# aa%ah $#)a( m#nan$$a!& )an$+an$ a)&

ba$&an /)$an "umbuhan.a)ah $#)a(an-a a!a" m#nuu a"au

m#nauh& +umb#) )an$+an$. B#)a+a)(an #n&+

)an$+an$ann-a ")/!&+m# &b#a(an m#na& %&ma7

Geotropisme

G#/")/!&+m# m#)u!a(an $#)a( ")/!&+m# -an$ m#n$&(u"&

$a-a $)a*&"a+& bum&. G#/")/!&+m# &ba$& m#na& 2 -a&"u 7 a4

G#/")/!&+m# !/+&"& $#/")/!&+m# !/+&"&*# aa%ah $#)a(

$#/")/!&+m -an$ a)ahn-a (# ba'ah m#nuu !u+a" bum&4.

M&+a%n-a uun$ a(a) "umbuh m#nuu (# a)ah $)a*&"a+&. b4

G#/")/!&+m# n#$a"&*# $#/")/!&+m# n#$a"& aa%ah $#)a(

$#/")/!&+m# -an$ a)ahn-a (# a"a+ m#nauh& !u+a" bum&4.

M&+a%n-a uun$ ba"an$ "umbuh (# a"a+ m#nauh& $a-a

$)a*&"a+&.Kemotropisme

K#m/")/!&+m# m#)u!a(an $#)a( ")/!&+m# -an$

&+#bab(an /%#h )an$+an$an ;a" (&m&a. K#m/")/!&+m#

&b#a(an a"a+ ua ma,am -a&"u a4 K#m/")/!&+m# P/+&"&

(#m/")/!&+m# !/+&"& aa%ah $#)a( (#m/")/!&+m# -an$

a)ahn-a m#n#(a"& +umb#) )an$+an$an. M&+a%n-a $#)a( a(a)

m#nuu ;a" ma(anan & a%am "anah. b4 K#m/")/!&+m#

N#$a"& (#m/")/!&+m# n#$a"& aa%ah $#)a( (#m/")/!&+m#

-an$ a)ahn-a m#nauh& +umb#) )an$+an$an m&+a%n-a $#)a(

a(a) -an$ m#nauh& )a,un.

F/"/")/!&+m# !aa Ka,an$ H&au Phaseolusradiata4 an Ja$un$ Zea mays4

Ia Ah&-ah 1&na+a)& Pu")& S#!"a)&na 1


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Tigmotropisme

T&$m/")/!&+m# m#)u!a(an $#)a( ")/!&+m# -an$

&+#bab(an /%#h )an$+an$an +#n"uhan !aa b#na -an$ %#b&h

(#)a+. G#)a( "anaman +u%u) m#nan$$a!& )an$+an$an

+#n"uhan &"u &+#bu" "&$m/")/!& "h&$m/ +#n"uh4.

8/n"/hn-a +&)&h P&!#) b#"%#4 an m#n"&mun.

Hidrotropisme

H&)/")/!&+m# m#)u!a(an $#)a( "umbuh a(a) -an$

&!#n$a)uh& /%#h (#"#)+#&aan a&) "anah. Paa umumn-aa(a) "umbuhan %u)u+ (# ba'ah "#"a!& &(a !aa a)ah &n& "a(

"#)a!a" ,u(u! a&) ma(a a(a) a(an "umbuh m#mb#%/( (#a)ah

-an$ ,u(u! a&).

Gerak taksis

Ta(+&+ m#)u!a(an $#)a( !&nah "#m!a" +#%u)uh "ubuh

"umbuhan m#nuu a"au m#nauh& )an$+an$an & +#bu" $#)a(

"a(+&+. B#)a+a)(an #n&+ )an$+an$an-a "a(+&+ &b#a(an

m#na& ua ma,am -a&"u /"/"a(+&+ an (#m/"a(+&+.

Fototropisme

F/"/")/!&+m# aa%ah $#)a( -an$ "#)a& !aa "umbuhan

-an$ &+#bab(an /%#h aan-a )an$+an$an ,aha-a. B&%a ,aha-a

-an$ a"an$ a)& a"a+ "umbuhan "umbuhan a(an "umbuh

"#$a( m#n$a)ah (# a"a+.

ekanisme Fototropisme

M#nu)u" 536 /"/")/!&+m# (un,u! u"ama !aa (#ban-a(an

"anaman -an$ "umbuh & "#m!a" "#)bu(a &%a(u(an un"u(

b#)(#mban$ (#a)ah *#)"&(a% m#+(&!un ba"an$n-a +#)&n$

"umbuh +#,a)a h/)&;/n"a%. J&(a +#buah (/"a( &&+& "anaman

-an$ "umbuh +#,a)a *#)"&(a% an %uban$ &bua" a$a) ,aha-a

a!a" ma+u( a)& +a%ah +a"u +&+& ma(a uun$ "aaman mu%a&

m#mb#n$(/( (#a)ah ,aha-a. Paa b#b#)a!a +aa" b&%a (/"a(

"#)+#bu" &!&nah(an #n$an (/m!#n+a+& !#)"umbuhamn

!#mb#n$(/(an &(a)#na(an uun$ "anaman "umbuh +#,a)a

*#)"&(a%. P#)$#)a(an !#)"umbuhan (#a)ah ,aha-a &+#bu"

/"/")/!&+m# !/+&"& +#an$(an !#)$#)a(an "umbuhan

m#nauh& ,aha-a &+#bu" /"/")/!&+m# n#$a"&. Pu,u( an

(un,u! uun$ b#b#)a!a "anaman m#)u!a(an /"/")/!&+m#

!/+&"& namun a(an +an$a" +#n+&"& #n$an ,aha-a.

Ja$un$ aa%ah "anaman -an$ m#n$h#na(& (#aaan

ha'a -an$ ,u(u! !ana+ an %#mbab a)& 'a("u "anam +am!a&

!#)&/# m#n$a(h&)& !#mbuahan. Ja$un$ "&a( m#mbu"uh(an

!#)+-a)a"an "anah -an$ "aam (a)#na "anaman &n& a!a"

&"anam ham!&) & +#mua ma,am "anah. Da%amn-a

!#nanaman b#n&h a$un$ +an$a" "#)$an"un$ (#!aa &(%&m.

A!ab&%a (#aaan "anah ,u(u! %#mbab ma(a !#nanaman

a$un$ a!a" &%a(u(an +#a%am 2< ,m +#an$(an un"u(

(#aaan "anah -an$ a$a( (#)&n$ a!a" &"anam %#b&h a%am

%a$& +am!a& < ,m 5?6.

Ka,an$ h&au m#)u!a(an "umbuhan +#mu+&m -an$ "#$a(

!#),aban$ann-a b#)mu%a a)& bu(u "#)ba'ah. Ka,an$ h&aua!a" &"anam & a#)ah &(%&m han$a" an & a#)ah

+ub")/!&(. S#ba$&an b#+a) $#n/"&!n-a m#m!#)%&ha"(an

"an$$a!an "#)haa! ha)& !#n#(. Ka,an$ h&au aa%ah

"anaman mu+&m han$a" an "umbuh &ba'ah +uhu )a"a)a"a

-an$ b#)(&+a) 20 C ?08 #n$an +uhu /!"&mumn-a 20 C

308. Tanaman (a,an$ h&au ham!&) a!a" "umbuh !aa

+#mua #n&+ "anah -an$ ban-a( m#n$anun$ bahan /)$an&(

#n$an )a&na+# -an$ ba&(. Namun #m&(&an "anah -an$

!a%&n$ ,/,/( ba$& "anaman (a,an$ h&au &a%ah "anah %&a"

b#)%#m!un$ a"au "anah %#m!un$ m&+a%n-a !/+/%&( m#)ah

(un&n$ PMK4 an %a"/+/% 5


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b#)(#,ambah. P)/+#+ a'a% !#)(#,ambahan aa%ah !)/+#+

&mb&b&+& -a&"u !)/+#+ ma+u(n-a a&) (#a%am b#n&h. Paa

!)/+#+ &n& -an$ !#)%u m#na!a"(an !#)ha"&an aa%ah (aa)

a&) a(h&) +#"#%ah &mb&b&+& (a)#na b#n&h han-a a(an

b#)(#,ambah &(a (aa) a&) & a%am b#n&h m#n,a!a&


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Tab#% ?. Ha+&% P#n$ama"an B/"/% Ka,a T#)bu(a S#&(&"

K#,ambah Ja$un$

Tab#%


5/9


Tab#% @. Ha+&% P#n$ama"an B/"/% Ka,a T#)"u"u! S#mua

K#,ambah Ja$un$

#!Perke%am&ahan

P)/+#+ !#)(#,ambahan &+#bu" u$a !)/+#+ $#)m&na+& !aa

b&&. G#)m&na+& b&& aa%ah +ua"u a+# a%am !)/+#+

!#)"umbuhan a)& !#mbuahan +#% "#%u) m#na& "anaman "ua.

G#)m&na+& &mu%a& #n$an !#n-#)a!an a&) /%#h b&& an

b#)a(h&) #n$an &mu%a&n-a #%/n$a+& /%#h +umb#) #mb)&/

-an$ b&a+an-a "#)a& & bu%u a(a). K#,ambah mun,u% (a)#na

h&!/(/"&% ba$&an (#,ambah & ba'ah (/"&%#/n4 -an$

m#manan$ +#h&n$$a m#n/)/n$ (/"&%#/n (# !#)mu(aan

an "&"&( "umbuh mu%a& "umbuh 56.S#an$(an 5=6

m#n#)an$(an bah'a !#)(#,ambahan m#)u!a(an +ua"u !)/+#+

(#%ua)n-a ba(a% "anaman a)& %#mba$a -an$ &+#)"a& #n$an

"#)a&n-a m/b&%&+a+& ,aan$an ma(anan a)& a)&n$an!#n-&m!anan a"au (#!&n$ b&& (# ba$&an *#$#"a"&. G#)m&na+&

!aa b&& m#)u!a(an !)/+#+ (/m!%#(+ -an$ b#)a%an "#)u+

m#n#)u+ -an$ m#n,&)&(an "umbuhan "&n$(a" "&n$$&

&!#n$a)uh& /%#h +#um%ah b#+a) $#n an a("/) %&n$(un$an

56. S#)an$(a&an !)/+#+ !#)ubahan m/)/%/$& an b&/(&m&a

-an$ "#)a& +#%ama !#)(#,ambahan b#n&h &a%ah 7

'm&i&isi

Imb&b&+& a&) a%am !)/+#+ !#)(#,ambahan b#n&h

m#)u!a(an +ua"u a+# -an$ &+#bu" +#ba$a& %an$(ah aakeing

-an$ b#)hubun$an #n$an "&$a !#)&+"&'a -a&"u !#n-#)a!an

a&) +#,a)a ,#!a" /%#h %a!&+an b&(/%/& a)& b#n&h -an$ (#)&n$

)#a("&*a+& a)& ma()/m/%#(u% an /)$an#%/)$an#% an

)#+!&)a+& -an$ m#n$ha+&%(an ATP un"u( +u!%a& #n#)$&. P)/+#+

&mb&b&+& aa%ah +ua"u !)/+#+ &u+& a"au a!a" !u%a &+#bu"

!)/+#+ /+m/+&+ a"au ab+/)b+&. D&+#bu" &u+& (a)#na !aa +#%

b#n&h (#)&n$ -an$ m#m!un-a& n&%a& "#(anan /+m/+&+ -an$

"&n$$& m#n-#bab(an a&) b#)$#)a( a)& "#(anan -an$ )#nah (#

"#(anan -an$ "&n$$&. D&+#bu" !#)&+"&'a /+m/+&+ a"au ab+/)b+&

(a)#na &n&n$ +#% (u%&" b#n&h !#)m#ab#% "#)haa! m/%#(u%m/%#(u% a&). K#uu(an m/%#(u%m/%#(u% a&) -an$ a(h&)n-a

m#n$&+& )uan$)uan$ an"a)m/%#(u% an )uan$ an"a)m&+#% a)&

b#n&h a!a" &+#bu" +#ba$a& !)/+#+ ab+/)b+&. S#%ama !)/+#+

&mb&b&+& "#)a& !)/+#+ h&)a+& a)& (/%/&(/%/& h&)/&%

-an$

B#)a(&ba" b#)"ambahn-a */%um# an "&mbu%n-a "#(anan

&mb&b&+&. T#(anan &n& m#)u!a(an (#(ua"an -an$ &!#)%u(an

un"u( m#%&nun$& b#n&h a)& !#mb#n$(a(an +#%ama h&)a+&.

A(&ba" a)& "#(anan &n& "#)a& (#)#"a(an !aa ba$&an (u%&"

b#n&h m#n#+a( ba$&an "anah "#m!a" b#n&h b#)(#,ambah

an +#%anu"n-a m#n$a"u) ma+u(n-a a&) (# a%am b#n&h

+#%ama !)/+#+ !#)(#,ambahan. P#)&+"&'a &n& m#)u!a(an

!)/+#+ &+&( -an$ "&a( aa (a&"ann-a #n$an *&ab&%&"a+ b#n&h

a& "&a( &!#n$a)uh& /%#h *&ab&%&"a+ b#n&h "#"a!& &!#n$a)uh&

/%#h !#)m#ab&%&"a+ (u%&" b#n&h (/m!/+&+& (&m&a b#n&h

(#"#)+#&aan a&) ba&( a%am b#n"u( ,a&) mau!un ua! &

+#(&"a) b#n&h +uhu %ua+ !#)mu(aan b#n&h -an$ b#)hubun$an

#n$an a&) an (/n+#n")a+& a&) 5106

Pengaktian en*im dan hormon

Paa b#n&h (#)&n$ a("&*&"a+ m#"ab/%&+m#n-a (u)an$. Ha%

&n& a!a" &bu("&(an !aa b#n&h (#)&n$ -an$ "#%ah

&han,u)(an b&%a &ma+u((an (# a%am m#&um %a&n -an$

+#+ua& a(an mam!u m#nunu((an aan-a a("&*&"a+ b#b#)a!a

#n;&m. R#a(+& &n& &a'a%& #n$an !)/+#+ h&)a+& !aa !)/"#&n

+#h&n$$a "#)a& a("&*&"a+ b&/%/$& -an$ m#n-#bab(an

!#)ubahan (/m!/+&+& (&m&a !aa +#mua ba$&an b#n&h.

H/)m/n $&b#)#%&n !aa b#n&h (#)&n$ "#)a!a" a%am b#n"u(

"#)&(a" an "&a( a("& (#mu&an a(an m#na& a("& +#"#%ah

b#n&h m#n$&mb&b&+& a&) -a&"u m#n/)/n$ !#mb#n"u(an

#n;&m#n;&m h&)/%&+&+ +#!#)"& am&%a+# !)/"#a+#

)&b/nu(%#a+# $%u(/na+# an /+a"a+#. En;&m#n;&m &n&

a(an b#)&u+& (# a%am #n/+!#)ma an m#n$a(a"a%&+&+

bahan ma(anan ,aan$an & a%am #n/+!#)ma m#na&

$u%a a+am am&n/ an nu(%#/+&a -an$ m#nu(un$

"umbuhn-a #mb)&/ +#%ama !#)(#,ambahan an !#)"umbuhan

(#,ambah 5106

Proses perom&akan %adangan makanan

S#"#%ah ma+u(n-a a&) (# a%am b#n&h "#)a& )#a("&*a+n;&m an h/)m/n# ma(a b#)%an$+un$%ah !)/+#+

!#)/mba(an & a%am a)&n$an ,aan$an ma(anan. Paa

+#)#a%&a m&+a%n-a a$un$4 #n;&m#n;&m h&)/%&+&+ &b#n"u(

!aa +"a&um &n& !aa %a!&+an a%#u)/n -an$ m#n$#%&%&n$&

a)&n$an #n/+!#)ma. Ha+&% !#)/mba(an +#%anu"n-a

&!&nah(an (# !/)/+ #mb)&/ -an$ &$una(an un"u(

!#)(#mban$ann-a. Da%am ha% &n& +(u"#%um b#)!#)an a("&

m#mban"u !#m&nahan bahanbahan ha+&% !#)/mba(an

,aan$an ma(anan a)& #n/+!#)ma (# #mb)&/. S#%a&n &"u


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+(u"#%um m#n$#%ua)(an +#um%ah #n;&m -an$ b#)!#)an

m#mban"u !#n,#)naan #n/+!#)ma an &n&n$ +#% 5106

Pe%ahnya kulit &enih dan mun%ulnya akar

P#,ahn-a (u%&" b#n&h an mun,u%n-a )a&(#%

m#nunu((an bah'a !)/+#+ !#)(#,ambahan +uah

b#)%an$+un$ +#,a)a %#n$(a!. Mun,u%n-a a(a) "#)a& a(&ba"

aan-a !#manan$an +#% -an$ +#%anu"n-a &&(u"& #n$an

!#mb#%ahan +#%. Paa umumn-a !aa ham!&) +#mua b#n&h"#)a& !#manan$an +#% "#)%#b&h ahu%u -an$ (#mu&an

&&(u"& !#mb#%ahan +#%. P)/+#+ !#manan$an +#% "#)a& a%am

ua a+#. Paa a+# !#)"ama !#manan$an +#% )a&(#% "#)a&

"an!a !#nambahan b/b/" (#)&n$n-a an han-a +#&(&"

!#nambahan b/b/" ba+ah. Fa+# &n& m#nunu((an a("&*&"a+ +#%

a%am !#mb#n"u(an &n&n$ +#% ba)u +#%ama !)/+#+

!#manan$an. Paa a+# (#ua !#manan$an )a&(#% +#,a)a

,#!a" m#n&n$(a"(an b/b/" ba+ah mau!un b/b/" (#)&n$

&&)&n$& /%#h m/b&%&+a+& nu")&+& (# a%am )a&(#%. K#a&an &n&

m#n-#bab(an mun,u%n-a )a&(#% an b#n&h b#)ubah a)&

/)$an&+m# -an$ au"/")/ m#na& h#"#)/")/ 5106

Pertum&uhan ke%am&ah

K#,ambah mu%a& "umbuh +#ba$a& /)$an&+m# -an$

h#"#)/")/ b&%a &a mu%a& m#n-#)a! a&) an m#%a(u(an

/"/+&n"#+&+. Paa +aa" a'a% +"a&um !#)"umbuhann-a m#%a%u&

a+# ")an+&+& (#,ambah "#)+#bu" mu%a& m#m!)/u(+&

ma(anann-a +#n&)& 'a%au!un ma+&h b#)$an"un$ u$a !aa

,aan$an ma(anan -an$ ma+&h "#)+&+a & a%am #n/+!#)ma.

S#"#%ah (#,ambah b#)(#mban$ an mam!u m#m!)/u(+&

+#%u)uh ma(anann-a un"u( "umbuh ma(a +#&(&" #m& +#&(&"

m#na& "&a( "#)$an"un$ %a$& !aa ,aan$an ma(anan !aa

a)&n$an !#n-&m!anan -an$ !aa +"a&um &n& "#%ah

m#n$a%am& !#n$/+/n$an. Paa +aa" &n& "anaman mua "#%ah

b#)(#mban$ m#na& /)$an&+m# au"/")/ 5106

Perke%am&ahan +agung (Zea mays)

S#,a)a umum a$un$ m#m!un-a& !/%a !#)"umbuhan -an$

+ama namun &n"#)*a% 'a("u an"a) "aha! !#)"umbuhan an

um%ah aun -an$ b#)(#mban$ a!a" b#)b#a. P#)"umbuhan

a$un$ a!a" &(#%/m!/((an (# a%am "&$a "aha! -a&"u 14

a+# !#)(#,ambahan +aa" !)/+#+ &mb&b&+& a&) -an$ &"ana&

#n$an !#mb#n$(a(an b&& +am!a& #n$an +#b#%um

mun,u%n-a aun

!#)"ama 24 a+# !#)"umbuhan *#$#"a"& -a&"u a+# mu%a&

mun,u%n-a aun !#)"ama -an$ "#)bu(a +#m!u)na +am!a&

"a++#%&n$ an +#b#%um (#%ua)n-a bun$a b#"&na +&%(&n$4 a+#

&n& &n"&&(+& #n$an um%ah aun -an$ "#)b#n"u( an 34

a+# )#!)/u("& -a&"u a+# !#)"umbuhan +#"#%ah +&%(&n$

+am!a& ma+a( &+&/%/$&+. P#)(#,ambahan b#n&h a$un$ "#)a&(#"&(a )a&(u%a mun,u% a)& (u%&" b&&. B#n&h a$un$ a(an

b#)(#,ambah &(a (aa) a&) b#n&h !aa +aa" & a%am "anah

m#n&n$(a" 30 5116

P)/+#+ !#)(#,ambahan b#n&h a$un$ mu%amu%a b#n&h

m#n-#)a! a&) m#%a%u& !)/+#+ &mb&b&+& an b#n&h m#mb#n$(a(

-an$ &&(u"& /%#h (#na&(an a("&*&"a+ #n;&m an )#+!&)a+& -an$

"&n$$&. P#)ubahan a'a% +#ba$&an b#+a) aa%ah (a"ab/%&+m#

!a"& %#ma( an !)/"#&n -an$ "#)+&m!an &h&)/%&+&+ m#na&

;a";a" -an$ mo&ile $u%a a+ama+am %#ma( an a+am

am&n/ -an$ a!a" &an$(u" (# ba$&an #mb)&/ -an$ "umbuh

a("&. Paa a'a% !#)(#,ambahan (/%#/)&;a m#manan$

m#n#mbu+ !#)&,a)! (#mu&an )a&(#% m#n#mbu+ (/%#/)&;a.

S#"#%ah )a&(#% mun,u% (#mu&an #m!a" a(a) +#m&na% %a"#)a%

u$a mun,u%. Paa 'a("u -an$ +ama a"au +#+aa" (#mu&an

!%umu%# "#)"u"u!& /%#h (/%#/!"&%. K/%#/!"&% "#)/)/n$ (# a"a+

/%#h !#manan$an m#+/(/"&% -an$ m#n/)/n$ (/%#/!"&% (#

!#)mu(aan "anah. M#+/(/"&% b#)!#)an !#n"&n$ a%am

!#mun,u%an (#,ambah (# a"a+ "anah. K#"&(a uun$ (/%#/!"&%

mun,u% (# %ua) !#)mu(aan "anah !#manan$an m#+/(/"&%"#)h#n"& an !%umu% mun,u% a)& (/%#/!"&% an m#n#mbu+

!#)mu(aan 5126

Perke%am&ahan Ka%ang Hi$au (Phaleolus radiata)

Ka,an$ h&au m#)u!a(an "anaman ")/!&+ -an$

m#mbu"uh(an +ua+ana !ana+ +#!anan$ h&u!n-a. Tanaman

(a,an$ h&au a!a" &"anam 2000 m & ba'ah !#)mu(aan %au"

& a#)ah ")/!&(. Ka,an$ h&au +#ba$a& "anaman mu+&m

han$a" "umbuh & ba'ah +uhu )a"a)a"a -an$ b#)(&+a) an"a)a

208 +am!a& ?08 #n$an +uhu /!"&mum an"a)a 2=8

+am!a& 308. Tanaman &n& )#n"an "#)haa! $#nan$an

+#ba%&(n-a "ahan "#)haa! (#(#)&n$an #n$an ,a)a

m#m!#)+&n$(a" !#)&/# an"a)a !#mbun$aan an !#ma"an$an.

K#!#)%uan a&)n-a +#(&"a) 200 +am!a& 300 mm un"u( ma+a

!#)"umbuhan. Taha!an -an$ "#)a& !aa !)/+#+

!#)(#,ambahan +#,a)a $a)&+ b#+a) m#%&!u"& 7 14 P#n-#)a!an

a&) /%#h b&& -an$ m#n-#bab(an m#%una(n-a

(u%&" b&&. 8a%/n a(a) mu%a& (#%ua) an "umbuh (# a)ah bum&

$#/")/!&+m#4. 24 Mu%a& "#)a& a("&&"a+ +#% an #n;&m#n;&m

-an$ "#)a!a" a%am b&& +#)"a &"ana& #n$an m#n&n$(a"n-a

!)/+#+ )#+!&)a+& b&&. Paa "aha! &n& +#,a)a m/)/%/$&+ a!a"

&ama"& #n$an mu%a& "umbuhn-a h-!/,/"-% an ,/"-%#/n

a"au aun %#mba$a. 34 P#n$u)a&an (/m!/n#n (&m&a

(/m!%#(+ (a)b/h&)a" !)/"#&n an %#ma( m#na& un+u)

-an$ %#b&h +##)hana un"u( &")an+%/(a+&(an (# "&"&("&"&(

"umbuh. P#n-u+u"an (#!&n$ %#mba$a mu%a& "am!a( +#&)&n$

#n$an mu%a& "#)b#n"u(n-a !a)a,/"-%#/n -an$ m#n-#)u!a&

aun "#)+u+un b#)haa!an. ?4 T#)a&n-a !)/+#+ a+&m&%a+&

un"u( m#n$ha+&%(an #n#)$& ba$& !#)"umbuhan +#%+#% ba)u.

P#mb#n"u(an ,a%/n aun mua mu%a& "#)%&ha" !aa a+# &n&.


7/9


m#n#)/b/+ (/%#/!"&%. B&& ma+&h "#"a! b#)aa & a%am "anah

an m#mb#)& +u!%a& ma(anan (#!aa (#,ambah -an$ +#an$

"umbuh. P#)(#,ambahan +#!#)"& &n& &nama(an

!#)(#,ambahan h-!/$#a%.

T&a( mun,u% (/%#/!"&%. Da)& a%am "anah (/"&%#/nn-a

a(an mun,u% (# a"a+ !#)mu(aan "anah b#)+amaan #n$an

mun,u%n-a aun !#)"ama. K/"&%#/n a(an m#mb#)& ma(an

ba(a% aun an ba(a% a(a) +am!a& (#uan-a a!a"

m#n$aa(an /"/+&n"a+&+. I"u%ah +#babn-a %ama(#%amaan(/"&%#/n m#na& (#,&% an (&+u". P#)(#,ambahan -an$

(/"&%#/nn-a "#)an$(a" (# !#)mu(aan "anah &nama(an

!#)(#,ambahan #!&$#a% 51?6. S#an$(an 51


8/9


ma-+4 (#ban-a(an um%ah aun -an$ mun,u% a)& 10 b#n&h

aa%ah 2 an b#)'a)na (#(un&n$an. Ha% &n& m#nunu(an

!#)"umbuhan aun an !#mb#n"u(an (%/)/&% -an$ ba&(. Ha%

&n& +#+ua& #n$an %&"#)a"u) -an$ m#nu"u)(an bah'a &n"#n+&"a+

,aha-a m#m!#n$a)uh& !#)"umbuhan m#%a%u& +&n"#+&+ (%/)/&%

a+# )#a(+& ,aha-a a%am /"/+&n"#+&+& +&n"#+&+ h/)m/n an

!#mbu(aan +"/ma"a 536 an %&"#)a"u) -an$ m#n-#bu"(an

bah'a ,aha-a m#n&n$(a"(an !#mb#n"u(an (%/)/&% an

!#)(#mban$an (%/)/!%a+ 516.

S#%a&n &"u !aa !#n$ama"an b/"/% "#)bu(a "&a(

&"#mu(ann-a m#(an&+m# /"/")/!&+m# ba&( !aa (#,ambah

(a,an$ h&au Phaseolus radiata4 an a$un$ Zea mays4.

K#uan-a m#m&%&(& a)ah "umbuh (# a"a+. Ha% &n& &+#bab(an

/%#h "#)!a!a)n-a +#mua +&+& "ubuh (#,ambah +#,a)a +#&mban$

/%#h ,aha-a.

Gamba) 2. K#,ambahan Ka,an$ H&au Phaseolus radiata4 an Ja$un$ Zea

mays4 a%am B/"/% T#)bu(a

Ha+&% !#n$ama"an m#nunu(an m#(an&+m# /"/")/!&+m#

!aa (#,ambah (a,an$ h&au Phaseolus radiata4 an a$un$

Zea mays4 a%am b/"/% $#%a+ "#)bu(a +#&(&". Ha% &n&

&"unu((an #n$an aan-a !#)"umbuhan (#,ambah (# a)ah

a"an$n-a ,aha-a m#%a%u& %uban$ !aa a%umun&um /&% -an$

m#mbun$(u+ b/"/% $#%a+. Ha% &n& +#+ua& #n$an %&"#)a"u) -an$m#n-#bu"(an bah'a au(+&n b#)$#)a( (# ba'ah +#!anan$

ba"an$ +#,a)a +#)a$am a(an "#"a!& ,aha-a a!a" m#n#mbu+

(# a%am an a(&ba"n-a a(an m#)u+a( a"au m#n$a%&)(an

u(+&n (# a)ah %a&n a)& -an$ "#)(#na ,aha-a. A(&ba"n-a

!#manan$an ba"an$ b#)a%an auh %#b&h ,#!a" & +&+& -an$

auh a)& ,aha-a 5206 +#h&n$$a !#)"umbuhan "anaman

m#n$a)ah (# +umb#) ,aha-a.

P#)"umbuhan )a"a)a"a !anan$ ba"an$ !aa (#,ambah

(a,an$ h&au Phaseolus radiata4 aa%ah 1= ,m an )a"a

)a"a (#,ambah a$un$ Zea mays4 aa%ah 31 ,m. Paa

(#,ambah (a,an$ h&au Phaseolus radiata4 )a"a)a"a aun

-an$ mun,u% a)& 10 b#n&h aa%ah 2 an (#ban-a(an

b#)'a)na (un&n$. S#m#n"a)a !aa (#,ambah a$un$ #ama-+4 (#ban-a(an um%ah aun -an$ mun,u% a)& 10 b#n&h

aa%ah 2 an b#)'a)na (un&n$ (#h&aun. Daun -an$ b#)'a)na

(un&n$ m#nana(an "#)a&n-a (%/)/+&+.Ha% &n& m#nunu(an

!#)"umbuhan aun an !#mb#n"u(an (%/)/&% -an$ bu)u(. Ha%



536. S&n"#+&+ (%/)/&% m#na& "#)hamba" a(&ba" (#(u)an$an

,aha-a an (u)an$ un+u) ma()/ an m&()/ -an$ &+#)a! /%#h

"umbuhan +#h&n$$a 'a)na aun m#na& (un&n$. L&"#)a"u)

%a&n m#n-#bu"(an aun -an$ "umbuh !aa &n"#n+&"a+ ,aha-a

)#nah b&a+an-a m#n$a%am& (#)u+a(an. P#)&+"&'a &n& &+#bu"

!h/"/&nh&b&"&/n -an$ a!a" m#)#nah(an %au /"/+&n"#+& 5216

an aun m#na& "&!&+ #n$an (anun$an a&) -an$ "&n$$&

5226.

Gamba) 3. K#,ambahan Ka,an$ H&au Phaseolus radiata4 an Ja$un$ Zea

mays4 a%am B/"/% T#)"u"u!

Ha+&% !#n$ama"an m#nunu(an aan-a !#)&+"&'a #"&/%a+&

!aa (#,ambah (a,an$ h&au Phaseolus radiata4 an a$un$

Zea mays4 a%am b/"/% $#%a+ "#)"u"u! a"au "#)bun$(u+ +#mua

#n$an a%umn&um /&%. Ha% &n& &"unu((an #n$an aan-a

!#)"umbuhan (#,ambah (# a)ah -an$ "a( "#n"u a(an "#"a!&

+an$a" "&n$$& !#)"umbuhan !anan$n-a. S#ba$&an b#+a)"anaman m#nunu((an $#a%a #"&/%a+& a%am (#aaan $#%a!

5236. G#a%a #"&/%a+& &n& m#)u!a(an !#)"umbuhan "anaman

-an$ +an$a" "&n$$&. Ha% &n& &+#bab(an /%#h !#n&n$(a"an

au(+&n -an$ b#(#)a +#,a)a +&n#)$&+ #n$an $&b#)#%&n 52?6.

Ha% &n&%ah -an$ m#n-#bab(an !#)"ambahan "&n$$& -an$

+an$a" b#+a) !aa (#,ambah (a,an$ h&au Phaseolus

radiata4 an a$un$ Zea mays4 a%am b/"/% $#%a+ "#)"u"u!

a"au "#)bun$(u+ +#mua #n$an a%umn&um /&%.

P#)"umbuhan )a"a)a"a !anan$ ba"an$ !aa (#,ambah

(a,an$ h&au Phaseolus radiata4 aa%ah 21< ,m an )a"a

)a"a (#,ambah a$un$ Zea mays4 aa%ah @=3 ,m. Paa

(#,ambah (a,an$ h&au Phaseolus radiata4 )a"a)a"a aun-an$ mun,u% a)& 10 b#n&h aa%ah 2 an b#)'a)na (un&n$

+#mua. S#m#n"a)a !aa (#,ambah a$un$ #a ma-+4 b#%um

aa h#%a&an aun -an$ mun,u% +#h&n$$a ma+&h b#)u!a

(un,u! -an$ b#)'a)na (un&n$. Daun -an$ b#)'a)na (un&n$

m#nana(an "#)a&n-a (%/)/+&+. Ha% &n& m#nunu(an

!#)"umbuhan aun an !#mb#n"u(an (%/)/&% -an$ bu)u(. Ha%



536. Naun$an -an$ &b#)&(an +#,a)a +!#+&&( m#n$u)an$&

&n"#n+&"a+ )a&a+& ma"aha)& an un+u)un+u) m&()/ 52


9/9


(#,ambah +#,a)a +#&mban$ /%#h ,aha-a. Paa "umbuhan

"#)bu(a +#&(&" "#)a& m#(an&+m# /"/")/!&+m# (a)#na ,aha-a

m#)u+a( au(+&n +#h&n$$a !#manan$an ba"an$ b#)a%an auh

%#b&h ,#!a" & +&+& -an$ auh a)& ,aha-a m#n-#bab(an ba"an$

m#mb#n$(/( m#nuu +umb#) ,aha-a. Paa "umbuhan

"#)"u"u! "#)a& $#a%a #"&/%a+& -a&"u !#manan$an ba"an$

+#,a)a ,#!a" a(&ba" a)& !#n&n$(a"an au(+&n -an$ b#(#)a

+#,a)a +&n#)$&+ #n$an $&b#)#%&n -an$ m#n-#bab(an

!#)"ambahan "&n$$& -an$ +an$a" b#+a). S&n"#+&+ (%/)/&%m#na& "#)hamba" a(&ba" (#(u)an$an ,aha-a an (u)an$

un+u) ma()/ an m&()/ -an$ &+#)a! /%#h "umbuhan

+#h&n$$a 'a)na aun m#na& (un&n$ a"au (%/)/+&+ -an$

"#)a& !aa "umbuhan "#)bu(a +#&(&" an "#)"u"u!.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

516 8ham!b#%% a" a%%. 2003! Biologi! Edisi Ke .ima/ +ilid ''. E)%an$$a.Ja(a)"a.

526 R&ana'a"- Ia. 2010. Gerak pada Tum&uhan. Un&*#)+&"a+ P#n&&(anIn/n#+&a. Ja(a)"a.

536 Sa%&+bu)- F. B. Dan R/++ 8. >. 1

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