PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXXV, Semester Genap, Tahun 2018/2019

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

MANGROVE RESORT MELALUI LANDASAN KONSEPTUAL ARSITEKTUR EKOLOGIS

DI SEMARANG

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan

memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh:

Raden Christian Haryanto

NIM. 15.A1.0023

Dosen pembimbing :

Ir.IM. Tri Hesti Mulyani,MT

NIDN: 0611086201

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR

FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA

Maret 2019

iv

PRAKATA

Puji dan syukur ke hadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas berkat dan

anugerah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan Landasan Teori dan

Program (LTP) periode 75 yang berjudul “Mangrove Resort melalui Landasan

Konseptual Arsitektur Ekologis di Semarang” ini dengan baik.

Penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih atas dukungan moral dan

materiil yang telah diberikan dalam penyusunan LTP ini, maka penulis

mengucapkan banyak terima kasih kepada :

1. Dra. B. Tyas Susanti, Phd., selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan

Desain

2. MD. Nestri Kiswari, S.T., M. Sc., Selaku Kepala Program Studi

Arsitektur

3. Ir. FX. Bambang Suskiyatno, MT, selaku Dosen Koordinator PAA

75

4. Bonifacio Bayu, S.T., M.Sc., selaku Dosen Pembimbing PAA 75

5. Para Dosen Penguji yang telah memberi masukan, kritik dan saran

yang membangun

6. Jajaran dosen dan staff yang sudah banyak membantu memberi

masukan dan kemudahan perijinan dalam proses pencarian data

7. Orang tua Penulis yang telah memberi dukungan moral dan

materiil

8. Teman-teman seperjuangan yang telah memberikan semangat dan

dukungan

9. Serta semua pihak yang telah membantu baik langsung maupun

tidak langsung dalam penyusunan makalah ini

Akhir kata, penulis berharap semoga LTP ini dapat bermanfaat bagi

semua pihak.

Semarang, 26 Maret 2019

v

Penulis

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ......................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ......................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

PRAKATA ............................................................................................................................iv

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................................... v

DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................................. viii

DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR DIAGRAM .............................................................................................................. xi

BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ........................................................................................................ 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ..................................................................................................... 1

1.2 Pernyataan Masalah Desain ................................................................................ 2

1.3 Tujuan Pembahasan ............................................................................................ 2

1.4 Manfaat Pembahasan ......................................................................................... 3

1.5 Sistematika Pembahasan .................................................................................... 4

BAB II. GAMBARAN UMUM ............................................................................................ 6

2.1 Fungsi Bangunan ................................................................................................. 6

2.1.1 Gambaran Umum Fungsi Bangunan .......................................................... 6

2.1.2 Karakteristik Fungsi bangunan................................................................... 6

2.1.3 Jenis Ruang ................................................................................................. 8

2.1.4 Persyaratan Ruang ..................................................................................... 9

2.1.5 Tinjauan Mangrove .................................................................................. 11

2.2 Gambaran Umum Lokasi di luar Tapak ............................................................. 14

Bentuk Tapak ............................................................................................ 18

Sejarah ...................................................................................................... 21

Kondisi Eksisting ........................................................................................ 21

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2.4.1 The St Regis Maldives Vommuli ............................................................... 25

2.4.2 Aquatic Floating Resort in Kumbalangi, India ......................................... 27

2.4.3 Taman Wisata Alam Angke Kapuk Jakarta .............................................. 28

BAB III. PEMROGRAMAN ARSITEKTUR .......................................................................... 30

3.1 Analisa Kebutuhan dan Persyaratan Ruang ...................................................... 30

Studi Aktivitas, Sifat, dan Kebutuhan Ruang ............................................. 30

Waktu Oprasional Fasilitas Resort ............................................................ 38

Persyaratan ruang ..................................................................................... 39

3.1.4 Pola Aktifitas............................................................................................. 43

3.1.5 Pola Aktifitas Pengunjung Menginap ...................................................... 44

3.1.6 Pola Aktifitas Pengelola dan Servis .......................................................... 45

3.1.7 Pola Hubungan Ruang .............................................................................. 46

3.1.8 Perhitungan Pengunjung ........................................................................... 51

3.1.9 Studi Ruang ............................................................................................... 52

3.1.11 Besaran Ruang .......................................................................................... 53

3.2 Analisa Tapak .................................................................................................... 68

3.2.1 Zonasi Ruang Luar .................................................................................... 68

3.2.2 Zonasi Tapak ............................................................................................. 69

3.3 Analisa Lingkungan Buatan .............................................................................. 69

3.3.1 Analisa Bangunan Sekitar......................................................................... 69

3.3.2 Analisa Transportasi dan Utilitas Kota .................................................... 69

3.3.3 Analisa Utilitas .......................................................................................... 70

3.3.4 Analisa Vegetasi ....................................................................................... 71

3.4 Analisa Lingkungan Alami ................................................................................ 71

3.4.1 Analisa Klimatik ........................................................................................ 71

3.4.2 Analisa View ............................................................................................. 72

3.4.3 Analisa Lansekap ...................................................................................... 74

BAB IV. ANALISA MASALAH ........................................................................................... 75

4.1 Analisa Masalah ............................................................................................... 75

4.1.1 Masalah fungsi bangunan dengan aspek pengguna ............................... 75

4.1.2 Masalah fungsi bangunan dengan tapak ................................................. 75

4.1.3 Masalah fungsi bangunan dengan lingkungan luar tapak ...................... 76

4.2 Masalah – masalah yang muncul ..................................................................... 77

4.3 Pernyataan Masalah ........................................................................................ 78

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BAB V. LANDASAN TEORI.............................................................................................. 79

5.1 Arsitektur Ekologi ............................................................................................. 79

5.2 Kenyamanan Ruang .......................................................................................... 82

5.3 Dalam Kontek Arsitektur, 3 Tipe Arsitektur berbasis air 7 .............................. 84

BAB VI. PENDEKATAN DESAIN ....................................................................................... 86

6.1. Penetapan Pendekatan Perancangan Sebagai Tema ...................................... 86

6.2. Penetapan Konsep Perencanaan Sebagai Landasan ....................................... 87

BAB VII. LANDASAN PERANCANGAN .............................................................................. 88

7.1 Landasan Ruang dan Tata Ruang ..................................................................... 88

7.2 Landasan Perancangan Keruangan .................................................................. 89

7.3 Landasan Perancangan Bentuk Bangunan ...................................................... 89

7.4 Landasan Perancangan Bahan Bangunan ........................................................ 91

7.5 Landasan Perancangan Wajah Bangunan ....................................................... 92

7.6 Landasan Perancangan Tata Ruang Tapak ...................................................... 92

7.6.1 Penataan Ruang ........................................................................................ 92

7.6.2 Orientasi Bangunan .................................................................................. 92

7.6.3 Aksesibilitas .............................................................................................. 93

7.7 Landasan Perancangan Struktur dan Utilitas .................................................. 93

7.7.1 Sistem Struktur ......................................................................................... 93

7.7.2 Sistem Elektrikal ....................................................................................... 94

7.7.3 Sistem Air Bersih ...................................................................................... 96

7.7.4 Sistem Air Kotor / Limbah ........................................................................ 97

7.7.5 Pemanfaatan Air Hujan ............................................................................ 98

7.7.6 Sistem Penghawaan ................................................................................. 99

7.7.7 Sistem Keamanan ..................................................................................... 99

7.7.8 Sistem pengolahan sampah ..................................................................... 99

7.7.9 Sistem Kebakaran ................................................................................... 100

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................................... 101

LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................................... 103

viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1 peta KKOP ........................................................................................ 13

Gambar 2 tinjauan tapak .................................................................................... 14

Gambar 3 bangunan kayu dan lapangan terbang .............................................. 15

Gambar 4 Gambar akses menuju tapak, petunjuk dan kondisi jalur ................... 15

Gambar 5 Peta lokasi tapak di Kota Semarang ................................................. 16

Gambar 6 peta google map ............................................................................... 17

Gambar 7 bentuk tapak ..................................................................................... 18

Gambar 8 eksisting tapak .................................................................................. 19

Gambar 9 pemetaan pohon ............................................................................... 20

Gambar 10 pemetaan perairan .......................................................................... 20

Gambar 11 data penanaman ............................................................................. 21

Gambar 12 Gambar peta tata guna lahan Kota Semarang ................................ 22

Gambar 13 kondisi air ........................................................................................ 23

Gambar 14 fasilitas pada tapak ......................................................................... 24

Gambar 15 daftar ekosistem .............................................................................. 25

Gambar 16 bentuk penginapan .......................................................................... 26

Gambar 17 interior villa ...................................................................................... 27

Gambar 18 konstruksi apung ............................................................................. 27

Gambar 19 konstruksi apung ............................................................................. 28

Gambar 20 penginapan TWA Angke Kapuk ...................................................... 28

Gambar 21 fasilitas penunjang .......................................................................... 29

Gambar 22 analisa zonasi ................................................................................. 69

Gambar 23 analisa transportasi ......................................................................... 70

Gambar 24 analisa vegetasi .............................................................................. 71

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Gambar 25 analisa klimatik ................................................................................ 72

Gambar 26 analisa view from site ...................................................................... 73

Gambar 27 gambar keterangan Analisa ............................................................ 73

Gambar 28 analisa view to site .......................................................................... 74

Gambar 29 layout bentuk linier .......................................................................... 88

Gambar 30 layout bentuk radial ......................................................................... 88

Gambar 31 cross ventilation .............................................................................. 89

Gambar 32 kelambu .......................................................................................... 89

Gambar 33 konsep bentuk ................................................................................. 90

Gambar 34 bentuk luxury hotel in vomulli .......................................................... 90

Gambar 35 material bambu ............................................................................... 91

Gambar 36 pondasi apung ................................................................................ 94

Gambar 37 tabel energi air ................................................................................ 94

Gambar 38 alat PLTPs ...................................................................................... 95

Gambar 39 panel surya ..................................................................................... 96

Gambar 40 sistem utilitas .................................................................................. 96

Gambar 41 skema instalasi air........................................................................... 97

Gambar 42 biofilter ............................................................................................ 98

Gambar 43 Gambar sketsa pembagian sekat bak penampungan ...................... 98

Gambar 44 peletakan sistem keamanan ............................................................ 99

Gambar 45 peletakan sistem kebakaran .......................................................... 100

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DAFTAR TABEL

Table 1 persyaratan tingkat resort ....................................................................... 8

Table 2 data iklim Semarang ............................................................................. 22

Table 3 studi aktivitas, sifat dan kebutuhan ruang.............................................. 30

Table 4 jam oprasional kegiatan dan fasilitas ..................................................... 38

Table 5 persyaratan ruang ................................................................................. 39

Table 6 data wisatawan 2018 ............................................................................ 51

Table 7 standart sirkulasi ................................................................................... 52

Table 8 Besaran ruang ...................................................................................... 53

Table 9 perhitungan luasan parkir pengunjung .................................................. 67

Table 10 perhitungan luasan parkir pengelola ................................................... 68

Table 11 klasifikasi material ekologis ................................................................. 82

table 12 standar kenyamanan ............................................................................ 83

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DAFTAR DIAGRAM

Diagram 1 Aktifitas Pengunjung ......................................................................... 43

Diagram 2 Pola Akitifitas Pengunjung Menginap ............................................... 44

Diagram 3 Pola AKtifitas Pengelola dan Servis .................................................. 45

Diagram 4 Pola Hubungan RuangBagan ........................................................... 46

Diagram 5 Pola Ruang Mikro Pengunjung Resort .............................................. 47

Diagram 6 Pola Ruang Mikro Pengelola Resort ................................................. 48

Diagram 7 Pola Ruang Mikro Servis Resort ....................................................... 49

Diagram 8 Pola Ruang Mikro Mekanikal Elektrikal ............................................. 50

Diagram 9 Kerangka Teoritik ............................................................................. 85