kuliah umum peran riset dalam mewujudkan ketahanan pangan ... · pdf filekedaulatan pangan...

Kuliah Umum

Peran Riset dalam Mewujudkan Ketahanan Pangan Nasional

Benyamin Lakitan

Universitas Teknologi Sumbawa 14 November 2014

Amanah Konstitusi

“Pemerintah memajukan iptek dengan menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai agama dan persatuan bangsa

untuk memajukan peradaban serta kesejahteraan umat manusia”

Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, Pasal 31 Ayat (5)

Tantangan ke Depan

Less land

Less water

Climate changes

More food

Higher quality

Safer

The Challenges

• HUMAN

ACTIVITIES

• POPULATION

GROWTH

• ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT

• CONVERSION

• DEGRADATION

OBJECTIVES

CONSTRAINTS

Population Growth

Food Demand

Agricultural Land

Increase Urban Area

Land Conversion

Land Degradation

Agric. Intensification

Income Growth

Animal-based Food Demand

Agric. Extensification

Decrease Availability

Increase Demand

Use of resources has reached substantial proportions

• In 2005, agriculture occupied about 38% of the global land area (FAOSTAT, 2007)

• Agriculture would need an area equivalent to one half and two-third of the current terrestrial land area by 2030 and 2070, respectively

Schneider et al. (2011)

Tidak Sesuai

46% Sesuai

54%

UNTUK PERTANIAN

Sudah

64%

Belum

36%

DIKELOLA

TOTAL 188,2 juta hektar

34%

SESUAI 100,7 juta hektar

DIKELOLA 64,1 juta hektar

INDONESIA

POPULATION GROWTH 6.5 billion to 9 billion by 2050

BURDEN ON LAND

CLIMATE CHANGE

ENERGY DEMAND INCREASE

FOOD DEMAND INCREASE

OTHER DEMANDS FOR LAND

BIO

FUEL

PRODUCTIVITY

CONVERSION

DIR

ECT

OIL PRICE FOOD PRICE

RESIDENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURE INDUSTRIES

Increase in demand for food and agricultural products, decrease in land availability, and effort to improve farmers’ prosperity have led to urgency for intensifying agricultural activities and improving value of produced products

Land Availability

http://benyaminlakitan.com

Population growth

Prosperity increase

Food & Non-food demands

Required agricultural

Land

Land degradation

Land conversion

Limited Availabile

land

Intensive agriculture

SQHV agricultural

products

Efficient use of resources

BIO INDUSTRY

Water scarcity, not a lack of arable land, that will be the major constraint

to increased food production over the next few decades

Hanjra and Qureshi (2010)

Hanjra and Qureshi (2010)

• Only 19% of agricultural land cultivated through irrigation supplies 40% of the world’s food (Molden et al., 2010)

• Irrigated agriculture is the dominant user of water, accounting for about 80% of global water use (Molden et al., 2007).

Kondisi yang Dituju

Ketahanan Pangan

adalah kondisi terpenuhinya pangan bagi negara

sampai dengan perseorangan, yang tercermin dari tersedianya pangan yang cukup, baik jumlah

maupun mutunya, aman, beragam, bergizi, merata, dan terjangkau serta tidak bertentangan

dengan agama, keyakinan, dan budaya masyarakat, untuk dapat hidup sehat, aktif, dan produktif

secara berkelanjutan.

Boleh dari impor

(policy brief FAO 2006)

UU Pangan

2012

htt

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yam

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World Food Summit, 1996

Kemandirian Pangan

adalah kemampuan negara dan bangsa dalam

memproduksi pangan yang beraneka ragam dari dalam negeri yang dapat menjamin pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan yang cukup sampai di tingkat

perseorangan dengan memanfaatkan potensi sumber daya alam, manusia, sosial, ekonomi, dan

kearifan lokal secara bermartabat.

UU Pangan

2012

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Kedaulatan Pangan

adalah hak negara dan bangsa yang secara mandiri

menentukan kebijakan pangan yang menjamin hak atas pangan bagi rakyat dan yang memberikan hak bagi masyarakat untuk menentukan sistem pangan

yang sesuai dengan potensi sumber daya lokal.

UU Pangan

2012

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Declaration of Nyéléni, 2007

SUSTAINABLE

WELFARE

ECO-FRIENDLY

LOCAL RESOURCES

STABILITY

UTILIZATION

ACCESS

AVAILABILITY

SECURITY SOVEREIGNTY

ORIENTASI PRODUSEN

ORIENTASI KONSUMEN

• EKONOMI • POLITIK

• INKLUSIF • EKOLOGIS

Peluang Berkiprah

Lakitan (2011)

OFF FARM

ON FARM

BUDIDAYA [PRODUKSI]

SAPROTAN [INPUT]

ALSINTAN [INPUT]

PENANGANAN HASIL

PENGOLAHAN HASIL

PEMASARAN

LEMBAGA PENUNJANG

AGROINDUSTRI

BUDIDAYA

AGROINDUSTRI HULU Peningkatan Produksi

AGROINDUSTRI HILIR Penurunan Kehilangan Hasil

Riset Pangan

produksi distribusi konsumsi

pasca panen

pasar

TEKNO BUDIDAYA TEKNO

KEMASAN

TEKNO PENGOLAHAN

SISTEM INFO & PEMASARAN

TEKNO KEAMANAN

PANGAN

GIZI

TEKNO TRANSPORTASI

alsintan

saprotan

RANCANG-BANGUN ALSIN

BIO-MATERIAL

PEMULIAAN & TEKNO BENIH

KULINER

Aksi yang Relevan

Technology is clearly needed to increase productivity. Agriculture-related colleges and research institutions in Indonesia have the required capacity to develop agricultural technology. However, ...

R&D Capacity


... most of the indigenous technologies are not relevant to real needs and/or problems of domestic farmers. Even if the technologies are substantially relevant; in many cases, they are not finacially affordable by domestic farmers, do not significantly increase profit if used, and/or less competitive compared to similar technologies available in the market.

Not Demand-

Driven


Sistem Inovasi

PENGEMBANG

TEKNOLOGI

PENGGUNA

TEKNOLOGI

1 INFORMASI

KEBUTUHAN

& PROBLEMA

2 PAKET

TEKNOLOGI

SENSITIVITAS

RELEVANSI

KAPASITAS

ADOPSI

KETERBUKAAN

Fasilitator

Intermediator

Regulator

Perguruan

Tinggi

Petani

What is not disseminated and used is not an innovation

• The World Bank (2010)

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4 Pre-requisites for Technology to be Used

1. Relevant to User’s Need

2. Within Range of User’s Absorptive Capacity 3. Increase Profit

4. Competitive to Similar Technology Available in the Market

Required Technology


Socially Inclusive

Transforming current traditional agriculture into bioindustry-oriented agribusiness should be executed

by gradually inserting newly introduced practices while continuing traditional ones so that local community will

not be left behind.


Traditional knowledge and local wisdom

have to be treated as reference in developing technology

for establishing productive agriculture

Inclusive & Gradual


Accumulated Experiences

Traditional Knowledge

Grassroots Innovation

Local Wisdom

Developed Technology


SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

PR

OD

UC

TIV

E

GRASSROOTS INNOVATION

ECONOMIC DIMENSION

SOC

IAL

DIM

ENSI

ON

ENV

IRO

NM

ENTA

L D

IMEN

SIO

N

New Perspective on Sustainable Agriculture (Lakitan, 2014)


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