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Sumber: Antara News
Judul Skripsi :
KERJASAMA BILATERAL KUBA - AS PASCA NORMALISASI
HUBUNGAN KEDUA NEGARA PERIODE 2014-2017
Nama : Bimo Arief J
NIM : 141.0412.050
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA
KERJASAMA BILATERAL KUBA - AS PASCA NORMALISASI
HUBUNGAN KEDUA NEGARA PERIODE 2014-2017
SKRIPSI
BIMO ARIEF JANUARKO
1410412050
PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA
2018
KERJASAMA BILATERAL KUBA - AS PASCA NORMALISASI
HUBUNGAN KEDUA NEGARA PERIODE 2014-2017
SKRIPSI
Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Syarat Dalam Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana
Hubungan Internasional
BIMO ARIEF JANUARKO
1410412050
PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIUNIVERSITAS
PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL “VETERAN” JAKARTA
2018
ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI
iii
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI SKRIPSI UNTUK
KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS
iv
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI
v
KERJASAMA BILATERAL KUBA AS PASCA NORMALISASI HUBUNGAN
KEDUA NEGARA PERIODE 2014-2017
BIMO ARIEF JANUARKO
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai Kerjasama Bilateral Kuba AS pasca normalisasi
hubungan kedua negara periode 2014-2017. Normalisasi kedua negara menciptakan
dinamika baru terhadap kawasan Amerika dan sekitarnya, melalui berbagai kerjasama
Bilateral kedua negara dapat memperlihatkan keharmonisan hubungan yang telah
terputus sejak tahun 1960. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pasca normalisasi hubungan
kedua negara dalam bidang kerjasama bilateral. Penelitian ini mengangkat pertanyaan
penelitian “Bagaimana Implementasi Kerja Sama Bilateral Kuba-AS Pasca
Normalisasi Hubungan Kedua Negara periode 2014-2017”untuk menjawab
pertanyaan tersebut peneliti menggunakan kerangka fikir penelitian ini menggunakan
teori Kerjasama Bilateral, Konsep Kepentingan Nasional dan Konsep Normalisasi
Hubungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif eksploratif yang berfokus
pada penggalian informasi dan data dari proses Normalisasi hingga menimbulkan
kerja sama Bilateral kedua Negara. Hasil dari penelitian Kerjasama Bilateral Kuba
AS pasca normalisasi hubungan kedua negara periode 2014-2017 ini menghasilkan
beberapa Kerjasama Bilateral yang dapat membantu mengurangi ketegangan terhadap
kedua negara dan dapat membantu kedua negara mendapatkan Kepentingan
Nasionalnya masing – masing, kerja sama yang di hasilkan yaitu. Kembali di
bukanya kedutaan besar kedua Negara, perdagangan bebas, pelonggaran Travel
Restriction, maupun pelonggaran embargo ekonomi AS-Kuba.
Kata Kunci : Kuba, Amerika Serikat, Kerjasama Bilateral.
vi
BILATERAL COOPERATION OF US CUBA POST NORMALIZATION OF
SECOND COUNTRIES IN 2014-2017 PERIOD
BIMO ARIEF JANUARKO
ABSTRACT
This study discusses the US Cuban Bilateral Cooperation post-normalization of
relations between the two countries from 2014-2017. Normalization of both countries
creates new dynamics to the American region and beyond, through various Bilateral
cooperation the two countries can show the harmony of relationships that have been
interrupted since 1960. This study focuses on post-normalization of relations between
the two countries in the field of bilateral cooperation. This research raises the
question of "How is the implementation of Cuban Bilateral cooperation with
United States post normalization of relations between the two countries in 2014 to
2017 ?" to answer that question, the researcher uses the framework of thinking of
this research using the theory of Bilateral Cooperation, the Concept of National
Interest and the Concept of Relations Normalization. This research uses qualitative
explorative method that focuses on extracting information and data from
Normalization process to create Bilateral cooperation between the two countries. The
results of the US Cuban Bilateral Cooperation research post the normalization of
relations between the two countries of the period 2014-2017 have resulted in some
Bilateral Cooperation which can help to reduce tension between the two countries
and can help both countries get their own National Interests, the resulted cooperation
is. Back in the second embassy of the two countries, free trade, easing Travel
Restriction, as well as easing US-Cuban economic embargo.
Keywords : Cuban, United States, Bilateral Cooperation.
vii
KATA PENGANTAR
viii
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI ........................................................................... ii
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI SKRIPSI UNTUK
KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS ..................................................................................... iii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI .......................................................................... iv
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... vi
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................. vii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................................ xi
DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR GRAFIK ....................................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................... xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................................ 1
I.1 Latar Belakang ......................................................................................................... 1
I.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................................... 7
I.3 Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................................................... 7
I.4 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................................... 7
I.5 Sistematika Penulisan .............................................................................................. 8
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................................... 10
ix
II.1 Literatur Review ................................................................................................... 10
II.2 Kerangka Pemikiran ............................................................................................. 16
II.2.1 Teori Kerja sama Bilateral ................................................................................. 16
II.2.2 Konsep Kepentingan Nasional .......................................................................... 18
II.2.3 Konsep Normalisasi Hubungan ......................................................................... 19
II.3 Alur Pemikiran ...................................................................................................... 20
II.4 Asumsi Penelitian ................................................................................................. 20
BAB III METODELOGI PENELITIAN .................................................................... 22
III.1 Pendekatan Penelitian .......................................................................................... 22
III.2 Jenis Penelitian .................................................................................................... 23
III.3 Sumer Data .......................................................................................................... 23
III.4 Teknik Penumpulan Data .................................................................................... 24
III.5 Teknik Analisa Data ............................................................................................ 25
III.6 Waktu dan Tempat Peneltian............................................................................... 26
BAB IV NORMALISASI EMBARGO EKONOMI AS TERHADAP KUBA ........ 28
IV.1 Sejarah Embargo Ekonomi Kuba – AS ............................................................... 28
IV.2 Nasionalisasi Aset AS di Kuba ........................................................................... 30
IV.2.1 Embargo ekonomi Kuba-AS ........................................................................ 31
IV.2.2 Pelarangan Lalu Lintas Perjalanan dan Remitansi ....................................... 32
IV.3 Proses Normalisasi Kuba-AS .............................................................................. 34
IV.3.1 Respon Mengenai Normalisasi Kuba-AS ..................................................... 35
IV.3.2 Pernyataan Resmi Presiden Obama dan Presiden Raul Castro Terkait
Normalisasi Hubungan Kedua Negara .................................................................... 41
IV.4 Normalisasi Hubungan Diplomatik AS Dengan Kuba ....................................... 44
x
IV.4.1 Faktor – Faktor Normalisasi Kuba-AS ......................................................... 44
IV.4.2 Penerapan Normalisasi Hubungan Bilateral Kedua Negara ......................... 49
IV.4.3 Implementasi Normalisasi ........................................................................... 55
IV.4.3.1 Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Kuba ............................................... 57
IV.4.3.2 Perubahan Kebijakan Luar Negri AS .................................................... 58
IV.5 Kerja sama Bilateral Kuba-AS ............................................................................ 60
IV.5.1 Dinamika Kerja sama Bilateral Kuba-AS .................................................... 62
BAB V IMPLEMENTASI KERJA SAMA BILATERAL KUBA-AS PASCA
NORMALISASI ............................................................................................................ 65
V.1 Bentuk-Bentuk Kerja Sama Bilateral Kuba-AS ................................................. 65
V.1.1 Travel Extention US Cuban: .......................................................................... 65
V.1.2 Investasi AS Dalam Bidang Pariwisata dan Penerbangan: ............................ 66
V.1.3 Kerja Sama Perdagangan : ............................................................................. 69
V.1.4 Membuka Lapangan Pekerjaan Dalam Bidang Jasa Terhadap Kuba: ........... 70
V.1.5 Kerja Sama Telekomunikasi AS dengan Kuba: ............................................ 70
V.2 Dampak Kerja sama Bilateral Kuba-AS Terhadap Dinamika Kedua Negara ...... 71
V.2.1 Dampak Kerja Sama Bilateral Kuba-AS ...................................................... 72
V.3 Hambatan Kerja Sama Bilateral ........................................................................... 73
BAB VI PENUTUP ...................................................................................................... 75
VI.1 Kesimpulan ......................................................................................................... 75
VI.2 Saran .................................................................................................................... 77
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................................... 79
xi
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
AFP Alliance for Progress
AS Amerika Serikat
ICESCR International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights
LIPI Lembaga Ilmu PengetahuanIndonesia
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
OAS Organization of American States
PBB Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa
xii
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1Data 10 Korporasi AS yang menjadi target nasionalisasi Kuba ..................................... 31
Tabel 2 Polling Terkait Normalisasi Hubungan AS dengan Kuba ............................................. 35
Tabel 3 Dukungan Republikan Terhadap Normalisasi Diplomatik Dengan Kuba ..................... 36
Tabel 4 Harapan Terkait Demokratisasi Kuba ............................................................................ 37
Tabel 5 Pandangan Liberal vs Republikan Terkait Demokratisasi Kuba ................................... 37
xiii
DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 1 Pandangan Negara lain terhadap Fidel Castro ................................................................ 4
Grafik 2 Wisatawan AS ke Kuba 1990-2015 .............................................................................. 67
xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 1 Fidel Castro menjabat tangan Nikita Khrushchev ...................................................... 29
Gambar 2 Obama- Raul Castro Berjabat Tangan ....................................................................... 39
Gambar 3 Kunjungan pertama Presiden Barack Obama ............................................................. 40
Gambar 4 Upacara Pembukaan Kedubes AS di Havana, Kuba .................................................. 54
Gambar 5 Pembukaan Kembali Kedubes Kuba di Washington D.C .......................................... 55