isetyowati andayani 2005 juli
TRANSCRIPT
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 1/21
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 2/21
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 3/21
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 4/21
ADATKPKO ]TZKP JTAPE ^DZAK\EOKO UKOL @ECKOL]TOLAKO @ECTKZ EO@FOD]EK ]DPDCKB @E@KGPKZAKO
@E AKOPFZ MKPKPKO ]E^EC
Fcdb 8E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe
KJ]PZKMP ]pzdolpb fg jecc fg dwe`domd fg ikzzekld |bemb e} ~k}}d` fgg ftp}e`d eo`fod}ek bkwd
pbd ~dzgdmp cdlkc gfzmd# pbkp ikppdz k} kmmfz`eol pf k~~cekomd fg cdppdz dwe`domdzd~zd}dopeol fod fg ~dijtape eo }mf~d fg zdckpefopf mftzp fg ht}pemd /
Eo pbd mk}d fg bk~~dod` pbd `ewfzmd mko jd jzftlbp pf pzekc mftopzu eo zdlefo eo
eo`fod}ek
Adu|fz` 8 Cdppdz ]pzdolpb# Ikzzekld Dwe`domd Fg Ftp}e`d Eo`fod}ek
^DO@KBTCTKO pdz`eze `kze }tkie# e}pdze `ko koka)kokaouk
@kcki }tkpt adbe`t~ko ukol "akckt k`k koka% ukol idzt~kako }do`e
}t`kb idohk`e af`zkpe# jkb|k ikot}ek adckol}tolko adbe`t~ko `kcki ik}ukzkakp
`eme~pkako topta }kceol jdzbtjtolko/ Eo`fod}ek/
Ikot}ek }kceol idijtptbako ~dz) @kcki id|tht`ako eakpko ~dz)
ceo`tolko# adpdokolko# adpdopdzkiko ak|eoko ukol }kb `e~dzctako k`kouk
`ko ad`kikeko/ kptzko)kptzko ukol ejtkp fcdb ~did)zeopkb
Ikot}ek `kcki idotohkol Eo`fod}ek# klkz id|tht`ako ad)be`t~ko
adckol}tolko be`t~ouk `ejtptbako ukol adakc `ko pdopdzki# jkbklek ukol
k`kouk }tkpt btjtolko be`t~ kopkzk `e`kijkako fcdb }ditk ikot}ek e toek#
}dfzkol ~zek dolko }dfzkol |koepk ukol abt}t}ouk ikot}ek "adctkzlk% Eo`fod}ek/
`e|tht`ako `kcki }tkpt eakpko ~dz) Ad}dhkbpdzkko `ko ad)jkbklekko be`t~
ak|eoko ukol }kb/ jdz}kik `kcki eakpko adctkzlk ukol }kb
Pdzhk`eouk eakpko ~dzak|eoko ukol idodoptako ad}dhkbpdzkko `ko ad)
}kb eoe kako pdzjdoptaouk }tkpt adctkzlk jkbklekko ik}ukzkakp `ko Odlkzk
ukol okopeouk `k~kp id|tht ako ad) Eo`fod}ek/
ckol}tolko adbe t~ko ikot}ek/ ]tkpt Topta id ckol}tolako }tkpt
adctkzlk idzt~kako }kpt ad}kptko ukol ~dzak|eoko bkzt} ididotbe }ukzkp)
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =>>
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 5/21
}ukzkp ukol `epdoptako fcdb ~dzkptzko ik}eol# akzdok cdijklk ~dzak|eoko
~dzto`kol)to`kolko Eo`fod}ek/ ]kckb }djklke cdijklk ukol }kazkc/ ]ukzkp}kpt ~dzkptzko ukol idolkptz pdopkol }kbouk ~dzak|eoko ~to idohtohtol peolle
^dzak|eoko k`kckb To`kol)To`kol to}tzd adklkikko# ukept jkb|k ~dz)
^dzak|eoko Ofifz ; Pkbto ;5<0 ak|eoko }kb# k~kjeck `eckatako idotztp
"}dckohtpouk TT Of/ E Pkbto ;5<0%# ukol btati ik}eol)ik}eol klkikouk `ko
~dzkptzko ~dcka}kokkoouk }kckb }kptouk ad~dzmkukkoouk ept# `ko pek~)p ek~
ukept ^dzkptzko ^didzeopkb Of/ 5 Pkbto ~dzak|eoko `emkpkp idotztp ~dzkptzko
;5<4/ @kcki ~k}kc ; TT Of/ E Pkbto ;5<0 ~dzto`kol)to`kolko ukol jdzckat "We`d
ido`dg eo e} eako ~d zak| eoko ukol ^k}kc : kukp ":% TT Of/ E Pkbto ;5<0%/`e`kckiouk k`k pthtko ~dzak|eoko/ @kcki id|tht`ako ad}dhkbpdzkko
@kcki jtatouk ]fd`bkzuf 8 Pkpk Pdzpej ik}ukzkakp# }kolkp ~dopeol kzpeouk
`ko Ake`kb)Ake`kb eoe ~tck ukol pdckb ad}dhkbpdzkko ko adjkbklekko adctkzlk/
`eztit}ako `kcki }tkpt to`kol)to`kol Akzdok pe`ka `k~kp ckeo# ik}ukzkakp ukol
ukol `e}djtp To`kol)To`kol ^fafa jdzjkbklek kako pdz`eze kpk} adctkzlk)
^dzak|eoko/ @kcki ~k}kc ; jdzjtoue 8 adctkzlk ukol jdzjkbklek ~tck/ Topta
^dzak|eoko ekckb eakpko ckbez jkpbeo `k~kp idomk~ke bkc eoe# ikak `ebkzk~ako
kopkzk }dfzkol ~zek `dolko }dfzkol adadakcko `kcki ~dzak|eoko# ukept jkb|k
|koepk }djklke }tkie e}pdze `dolko }dakce fzkol idckatako ~dzak|eoko# pe`ka
pthtko idijdopta adctkzlk "ztikb kako jdzmdzke topta }dckik)ckikouk#
pkollk% ukol jkbklek `ko adakc admtkce mdzke akzdok adikpeko "Z/ ]fdpfhf
jdz`k}kzako Adptbkoko Ukol Ikbk D}k ^zk|ezfbkie`hfhf# ;527 8 0:%/
"]fd`bkzuf ]fdeieo# ;55: 8 0%/ Idoldoke ~dijdoptako }tkpt
@kze `dgeoe}e ~dzak|eoko pdz}djtp adctkzlk ukol `e`kbtcte `dolko }tkpt
pdz}ezkp k`kouk to}tz adklkikko ukept eakpko ~dzak|eoko# ikak `e~ko`kol ~dzct
adbe`t~ko ukol adakc jdz`k}kzako k`kouk }tkpt ~doldpkbtko ukol jdz)
Adptbkoko Ukol Ikbk D}k# bkc eoe akepko `dolko ~dcka}kokko }tkpt
ido`k}kze `ko idcdpkaako ~dzak|eoko ~dzak|eoko/ ]d}dfzkol ukol kako
}djklke eakpko }tkie e}pdze ukol }tme idckol}tolako ~dzak|eoko `dolko ~ebka
}d}tke `dolko khkzko klkik ik}eol) ckeo kpkt mkcfo }tkie)e}pdze ukol kako
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =>;
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 6/21
idckol}tolako ~dzak|eoko# bkzt} topta id|tht`ako meopk ak}eb `ekopkzk
ididotbe }ukzkp eopdzo `ko }ukzkp i d z d a k / ]d ` k o l a k o id o l d o k eda}pdzo ukol pdckb `ekptz fcdb ~dzkptzko ~dzak|eoko kopkz klkik `kcki TT Of/ E
~dzto`kol)to`kolko aepk/ Pkbto ;5<0 pe`ka `e kptz# ukol `e kptz
@kcki }tkpt ~dzak|eoko k~kjeck idoldoke ~dzak|eoko kopkz |kzlk Odlkzk
}ukzkp)}ukzkp ukol `ebkzt}ako pdckb ukol }kckb }kptouk k`kckb |kzlk Odlkzk
`e~dotbe# ikak `k~kp `eckol}tolakockb Eo`fod}ek/
}tkpt ~dzak|eoko kopkzk }dfzkol ~zek K~kjeck ~dzak|eoko kopkz klkik
`dolko }dfzkol |koepk/ Okito k~kjeck pdz}djtp `eckol}tolako `e ctkz odldze#
~dz}ukzkpko ~dckol}tolko }tkpt ~dz) ikak bkc eoe pdzik}ta ceolat~ Btatiak|eoko pe`ka `e~dotbe ikak }tkpt ^dz`kpk Eopdzok}efokc# }dbeollk ~dzct k`k
~dzak|eoko }tcep topta pdz|tht`/ ~dolakheko fcdb kptzko Btati ^dz`kpk
@kcki ~dzadijkolko ~dzlktcko Eopdzok}efokc/ Wko Jzkadc `kcki jtatouk
adbe`t~ko `eitolaeoako k`kouk –Lzko` ]ckldo do Jdleo}dcdo wko
btjtolko kopkzk }dfzkol ~zek `dolko Odpbdzcko`} Eopdzokpefokkc ^zewkkpzdmbp ’
}dfzkol |koepk ukol jdzjd`k klkik idolkpkako –Eopdzokpefokkc ~zewkkpzdmbp e}
eoleo idckol}tolako ~dzak|eoko/ okpefokc zdmbp wffz eopdzokpefokc zdmbp}
Okito }daepkz pkbto ;55>”ko wdzbft`eoldo ld}mbzdwdo’ "Btati
fcdb Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec "AM]% pe`ka ^dz`kpk Eopdzok}efokc k`kckb btati
`ekafif`k}e ukept pe`ka `ejtkpako }tkpt ok}efokc ukol `eptce} "`ek`kako% topta
pko`k jtape# bkc eoe k`k }tkpt kck}ko kze btjtolko)btjtolko btati Eo pd z)
mkpkpko }e~ec# pkatp idckollkz ~k}kc : TT ok}efokc% "]tokzukpe Bkzpfof# ;525 8 2%/
Of/ E Pkbto ;5<0# ukept idckollkz }d`kolako jkle odlkzk)odlkzk Eo`fod}ek
klkik/ Hk`e bkzt} k`k t~kmkzk ukol idckol}tolako ~dz)ak|eoko `ectkz
adklkikko `tct jkzt `emkpkpako `e odldze# ikak `e~dzctako ~doldpkbtko
bk`k~ko ^dlk|ke ^domkpkp dzak|eoko/ btati uk ol ido lk pt z p do pkol
]dbeollk `kz e ado`kck pd zbk`k~ ~dzak|eoko ukol `eckol}tolako `ectkz
~dzak|eoko kopkz klkik pdz}djtp k`k odldze/ @kze bkc pdz}djtp `e kpk} kako
ukol jdzt~kuk topta idckol}tolakoouk `ejkbk} idoldoke ~dzik}kckbko }djklke
`e ctkz odldze/ Bkc eoe `eckatako }dikpk jdzeatp 8
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =>:
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 7/21
;% Jklkeikokakb ~dolkptzko ~dz) id|tht`ako ~dzak|eokoouk/ ]dbeollk
ak|eoko ukol `eckol}tolako `e ctkz k`k t~kuk topta }didopkzk pto`ta ~k`kEo`fod}ek 6 }kckb }kpt klkik ukol ckeoouk klkz
:% Jklkeikokakb adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ido`k~kp kckp jtape ~dzak|eoko }d}tke
^dzak|eoko ukol `eckol}tolako `e `k z e a d|d ok olk o c dij klk uk ol
ctkz Eo`fod}ek }dpdckb e kgpkzako e idoldctkzako jtape pdz}djtp/ Jkle ukol
Akopfz Mkpkpko }e~ec 6 jdzklkik E}cki fcdb Akopfz Tzt}ko
Klkik "ATK%# jkle ukol }dckeo E}cki fcdb; Peohktko dzak|eoko Kopkz Klkik
Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec "AM]%/
^dzak|eoko kopkz klkik }djdokz)^dz|tht`ko ~dckol}tolko ad)ouk idzt~kako }kckb }kpt jdopta ~dz)be`t~ko ikot}ek# }kckb }kptouk idckcte
ak|eoko mki~tzko/ ]d`kolako TT Of/ E}tkpt ~dzak|eoko ukol }kb/ Topta
Pkbto ;5<0# ~dzak|eoko mki~tzko ukol}kbouk ~dzak|eoko }t`kb `epdoptako
`e kptz bkouk kopkzk \kzlk Odlkzk`kcki ~k}kc : TT Of/ E Pkbto ;5<0/
Eo`fod}ek "\OE% `ko \kzlk Odlkzk K}eolOkito beollk }kkp eoe ukol ik}eb
"\OK%/ ]dbeollk ~dzak|eoko kopkz k`kouk adpe`ka~k}peko k~kjeck pdzhk`e
klkik pe`ka `e kptz `kcki TT Of/ E Pkbto~dzak|eoko kopkz klkik/ @e }kpt }e}e
;5<0/ Pdpk~e ~dzct `e eolkp }djdcti `ekopkzk mkcfo }tkie ko e}pdze }t`kb }kceol
to`kolakoouk TT Of/ E Pkbto ;5<0#idoueopke `ko idolk}ebe# okito akzdok
~dzak|eoko mki~tzko ept `e kptz `dolkoado`kck k`kouk ~dzjd`kko klkik ikak
Afoeoaceha Jd}ctep pkollkc :5 @d}dijdz }tcepckb idzdak idckol}tolako ~dz)
;257 Of/ :=/ ^dzkptzko eoe `e}djtpak|eoko# mkpkpko }e~ec pe`ka jdz}d`ek
Zdldceol f~ `d Ldidol`d Bt|dcehado#idomkpkp k~kjeck t~kmkzk adklkikko
`dolko }eolakpko L/B/Z/ ukol }dakzkolukol }d}tke `dolko ~k}kc : kukp ";% TT
jek}k `e}djtp `dolko e}peckb ^dzkptzkoOf/ E Pkbto ;5<0 jdcti `eckol}tolako/
^dzak|eoko Mki~tzko "Z/ ]fdpfhf]dbeollk jkle idzdak ukol idi~touke
^zk|ezfbkie`hfhf# ;522 8 25%/`kok "tkol% jdzt~kuk topta pdpk~
Kzpe ~dzak|eoko mki~tzko id)idckol}tolako ~dzak|eokoouk `e ctkz
otztp jtoue ~k}kc ; L/B/Z k`kckbEo`fod}ek/ Pdpk~e jkle idzdak ukol pe`ka
^dzak|eoko kopkzk fzkol)fzkol ukol `ei d i ~ t o u k e ` k o k # } t c e p t o p t a
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =>=
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 8/21
Eo`fod}ek pto`ta ~k`k btati ukol eopdz~zdpk}e fpdopea idoldoke e}peckb
jdzckeoko/ ~dzak|eoko mki~tzko }d}tke `dolko@dgeoe}e eoe }kolkp ctk} hkolaktko) ~dijdopta to`kol)to`kol# `k~kp
ouk# pe`ka idijkpk}e kzpe ~dzak|eoko `eaditakako ~k k ~k}kc ; L/B/Z `ko
mki~tzko ~k`k ~dzak|eoko)~dzak|eoko `ekollk~ }djklke }tkpt tckolko `kze k~k
kopkz \OE kpkt kopkz ~do`t`ta Eo`fod}ek ukol }t`kb ` e ztit}ako `k cki
"kopkzk fzkol)fzkol% `ko ~dzak|eoko) afo}e dzkoouk# ukept –Bt|dcehado pt}}do
~dzak|eoko ukol `eckol}tolako `e ~dz}fodo `ed eo Eo`fod}ed kko ddo
Eo`fod}ek# k}kcako ~ebka)~ebka ukol wdz}mbeccdo` zdmbp fo`dz|fz~do xeho# |fz`do
idckol}tolako ~dzak|eoko `e Eo`fod}ek ldidol`d bt|dc e hado ldofdi` ’–pto`ta ~k`k btati ukol jdzckeoko’ "^dzak|eoko kopkzk fzkol)fzkol ukol `e
k`kckb –~dzak|eoko mki~tzko’/ Eo`fod}ek pto`ta ~k`k btati ukol
]d`kolako ~dzak|eoko mki~tz) jdzckeoko `e}djtp ~dzak|eoko mki~tzko% "Z/
ko `kcki to`kol)to`kol eoe ekckb ]fdpfhf zk|ezfbkie`hfhf# ;522 8 5:%/
~dzak|eoko kopkzk `tk fzkol ukol `e Idoldoke ~dzak|eoko kopk z
Eo`fod}ek pto`ta ~k`k btati ukol klkik }dbkzt}ouk je}k `eckol}tolako `e
jdzckeoko# akzdok ~dzjd`kko ad|kzlk) Eo`fod}ek `dolko cko`k}ko ~k`k
odlk zkko # `ko }kckb }kpt ~ebka ~dokg}ezko k mfopzkzef pdzbk`k~ ~k}kc 77
jdzad|kzlk)odlkzkko Eo`fod}ek/ TT Of/ E Pkbto ;5<0/ ~dokg}ezko k
@kze ztit}ko pdz}djtp `e kpk}# mfopzkzef "idotztp ~doleolakzko% ekckb
~dztit}ko pdopkol ~dzak|eoko mki~tz) }tkpt mkzk ~dokg}ezko to`kol)to`kol
ko ukol pdzmkopti `kcki ~k}kc 4< TT ukol `e`k}kzako ~k`k ~dzck|koko
Of/ E Pkbto ;5<0cdjeb }di~ep `kze~k`k ~doldzpeko kopkzk }fkc ukol `ebk`k~e `ko
~dztit}ko `kcki adpdoptko ~k}kc ; }fkc ukol `ekptz `kcki }tkpt ~k}kc
Zdldceol f~ `d Ldidol`d Bt|dcehado# to`kol)to`kol "M]P/ Ako}ec# ;525 8 75%/
fcdb akzdok ~k}kc 4< bkouk idohkolakt ]dbeollk idckcte ~k}kc 77 TT Of/ E
~dzak|eoko kopkzk \OE `dolko \OK Pkbto ;5<0# idoldoke ~dzak|eoko kopkz
kpkt ~dzak|eoko Eopdzok}efokc/ klkik ik}eb `k~kp idodzk~ako ~k}kc ;
]d`kolako ~dzak|eoko kopkz L/B/Z/ Idijdzckatako ~dzkptzko ckik
klkik pe`ka pdzhkolakt/ Jeck aepk ~dzea}k }d}tke `dolko ~dohdck}ko titi k`/ 4
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =>0
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 9/21
Pkijkbko Cdijkzko Odlkzk ZE Of/ =>;5 fg Ck| \bemb @dkc} \epb Mk}d} eo \bemb
ukol jdzjtoue –Topta idohkieo ad~k}peko ]fid Zdcdwkop Gkmp Bk} k Mfoodmpefobtati# ikak ~dzak|eoko# jdzeatp }dlkck \epb Kofpbdz ]u}pdi fg Ck| fo Depbdz
}d}tkpt ukol jdz)btjtolko `dolko Pdzzepfzekc fz dz}fokc Lzfto}# ko` Iku# fo
~dzak|eoko# }djdcti to`kol)to`kol eoe# Pbkp Kmmftop# Zke}d k [td}pefo k} pf pbd
ukol `eckatako idotztp btati ukol K~~c emkp efo fg fod,} F|o fz Pbd
pdckb k`k k`kckb }kb/ K~~zf~zekpd Kcpdzokpewd "T}tkccu Gfzdelo%
@dieaeko ~tck k~kjeck idoldoke Ck| pf pbd dpdzieokpefo eg pbd E}}td# fz k}
}d}tkpt bkc to`kol)to`kol eoe pe`ka pf pbd Drdzme}d fg Htze}`empefo ju fod,}
idolkptz `dolko }do`ezeouk jdzckat F | o f z Gf z d e l o M f t z p } ’ u k o ladpdoptko ukol k`k/ @e}ki~eol ept pdz hdikbkooouk 8 Btati ^dz`kpk
k~kjeck aepk idijkmk ~k`k Pkijkbko Eopdzok}efokc k`kckb je`kol btati ukol
Cdijkzko Odlkzk ZE Of/ =>;5# ~k`k jdzadokko `dolko ~dzakzk)~dzakzk ukol
~dohdck}ko `ejk|kb k`/ = jkleko titi `e`kckiouk idolko`tol gkapk zdcdwko
akceikp ukol idolkpkako –‧// `e ckeo ukol idotohtaako jdzakepko `dolko
~ebka# bkzt} `k~kp ~tck idoki~tol }tkpt }u}pdi btati ckeo# jkea akzdok
}dlkck adoukpkko ukol be`t~ `kcki k}~da pdzepfzekc ikt~to k}~da }tjuda
ik}ukzkakp `d|k}k eo e’ / @dolko btatiouk# `ko akzdok ept idoeijtcako
`dieaeko ~dzak|eoko mki~tzko pe`ka ~dzpkoukko pdopkol ~dodzk~ko btati
pdzjkpk} ~k`k ~dzak|eoko kopkzk \OE }do`eze kpkt btati ckeo "ukol jek}kouk
`dolko \OK `e Eo`fod}ek }khk# kako k}eol%# kpkt ik}kckb ~dcka}kokko
pd pk~e pd zik}ta ~t ck ~dzak|eoko utze} ea}e jk`ko ~dolk`ecko }do`eze kpkt
mki~tzko kopkz klkik ko ad~dzmkukko/ jk`ko ~dolk ecko k}eol "Lzkwd}fo# Z/B#
;5<0 8 =%/: C e ol at ~ B t at i ^ d z` k pk
Wko Jzkadc `kcki jtatoukEopdzok}efokc
–Lzfo`}ckldo do Jdleo}dcdo wko
^do`k~kp `kz e ^zfg / Z/B/ Odpbdzcko`} Eopdzokpefokkc ^zewkkpzdmbp ’
Lzkwd}fo –Pbd Mfogcemp fg Ck|}# fz jdz~ko`kolko jkb|k –Btati ^dz`kpk
^zewkpd Eopdzokpefokc Ck|# e} Pbkp Jzkomb Eopdzok}efokc k`kckb btati ok}efokc ukol
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =>4
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 10/21
`ejtkp topta btjtolko)btjtolko btati ad~tpt}ko ukol idotohtaako }pdc}dc
Eopdzok}efokc’ "]tokzukpe Bkzpfof# ;525 8 btati ikokakb ukol jdzckat kpkt
2%/ k~kakb ukol idzt~kako btati# heak
]d`kolako ]tokzukpe Bkzpfof btjtolko)btjtolko `ko ~dze}pe|k)
~dz~ko`kolko jkb|k Btati ^dz`kpk ~dze}pe|k kopkzk |kzlk Odlkzk ~k`k }kpt
Eopdzok}efokc idolkptz }dpek~ ~dze}pe|k& |kapt pdzpdopt idi~dzcebkpako pepea)pepea
btjtolko btati ukol idolko`tol ~dzpkceko `dolko }pdc}dc)}pdc}dc `ko
to}tz k}eol# jkea `eje`kol btati ~tjcem ake`kb)ake`kb btati `kze `tk kpkt cdjeb
ikt~to btati ~zewkp/ Akzdok eope `kze Odlkzk# ukol jdzjd`k `kcki ceolatolko
Btati ^dz`kpk Eopdzok}efokc k`kckb atk}k&pdi~kp# "~zejk`e `ko }fkc)}fkc / –~dzlktcko be`t~ ik}ukzkakp eopdz) Hk`e e}eoe ukol `epdakoako k`kckb
ok}efokc# ikak Btati ^dz`kpk Eopdz) ~dzjd`kko `kcki ceolatolko atk}k
ok}efokc }djdokzouk `k~kp `e}djtp pdi~kp `ko }fkc)}fkc }dzpk ~dijd`kko
}djklke btati ~dzlktcko eopdzok}efokc/ `kcki }e}pdi }kpt odlkzk `dolko ckeo
"]tokzukpe Bkzpfof# ;525 8 :5%/ odlkzk# kzpeouk k`k to}tz ctkz odldzeouk’
Lft|lefa}efol idolkpkako# "Gfzdelo dcdidop# to}tz k}eol% "]t`kzlf
jkb|k Btati ^dz`kpk Eopdzok}efokc Lktpkik# ;524 8 :;%/
jtakockb btati eopdzok}efokc# pdpk~e @kze bkc pdz}djtp `e kpk} `k~kp
btati ok}efokc/ @ko idotztp ~do`k~kp `e}ei~tcako jkb|k Btati ^dz`kpk
]mboepxdz # –Oembp `k} Zdmbp }fo`dzo `dz Eopdzok}efokc idzt~kako btati ok}efokc
Pkpjd}pko` e}p Eopdzokpefokc ’/ Hk`e Btati }tkpt Odlkzk ukol idolkptz btjtolko)
^dz`kpk Eopdzok}efokc# jtako }tijdz btjtolko kopkzk ~dz}dfzkolko `kze
btatiouk eopdzok}efokc# pdpk~e ikpdzeouk jdzjklke Odlkzk/ ]d`kolako eopd)
uk ep t bt jt ol ko) bt jto lk o kp kt zok}efokcouk idotohtaako k`kouk to}tz
~dze}pe|k)~dze}pe|k ukol idzt~kako k}eol/
fjudaoukckb ukol eopdzok}efokc "]tokz) ]dpek~ odlkzk idieceae btati
ukpe Bkzpfof# ;525 8 2%/ ~dz`kpk ok}efokc }do`eze/ ^dzkptzko
]t`kzlf Lktpkik idztit}ako btatiouk kako jdzckat jkle }dpek~ |kzlk
Btati ^dz`kpk Eopdzok}efokc }djklke Odlkzk# `kze Odlkzk ik}eol)ik}eol/
jdzeatp – Ad}dctztbko ~dzkptzko `ko Akckt pdzhk`e ~dze}pe|k btati ~dz`kpk
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =>7
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 11/21
ukol idoukolatp –to}tz k}eol’ `e idolkptzouk# pdpk~e idolkptz }do`eze/
`kckiouk# ikak }egkp ~dzkptzko btati ^dzkptzko ~dptohta ukol pdz`k~kpept jdztjkb idohk`e eopdzok}efokc `ko `kcki ^dzkptzko ^dzto`kol)To`kolko
~dze}pe|k btati pdz}djtp `e}dcd}keako Eo`fod}ek kopkzk ckeo pdz`k~kp e 8
idotztp ~dzkptzko btati ~dz kpk ukol ;% ^k}kc ;7 Kcldidod Jd~kceoldo wko
jdzckat `e Odlkzk ept/ "]epe ]tbkzokoe# \dpldweol "KJ% idoldoke ]pkptpk
:>>0 8 4<% / To}tz k} eol `e} eoe # ~dz}foec# k`kouk k}k} Cdr fzeleoe}
`eika}t`ako k`kckb 8 ;%/ ~dz}fo pdopkol }pkpt} }d}dfzkol/
"fzkolouk% ukol |kzlk odlkzk k}eol# :%/ :% ^k}kc ;< KJ 8 pdopkol }pkptpk zedc
pdi~kpouk idotohtaako e odlkzk k}eol/ k`kouk k}k} Cdr zde}epkc pdopkol K`k~to ^dzkptzko)^dzkptzko }pkpt} jdo`k pe`ka jdzldzka/
Btati ^dz`kpk Eopdzok}efokc pdz eze `kze =% ^k}k c ;2 KJ 8 idod zkolako
: lfcfolko 8 jdzckatouk }pkptpk Ierpk# ukept jdopta
k/ ^dz kpt zko )~d zkptzko ~dptohta pek~ ~dzjtkpko "mkzk idohkckoako
"Wdz|eh}eol}zdldc} 8 Btati ikok%/ ~dzjtkpko% `epdoptako fcdb To`kol)
j/ ^dzk ptzko)~dzkptzko k}ce kpkt to`kol Odlkzk kpkt pdi~kp# `eikok
~d zk pt zk o) ~d zk pt zk o }d o` ez e ~dzjtkpko ept ek`kako/
"Deldozdldc} 8 Btati k~k%/ "K/ ]epe ^dzkptzko k}ce ukept ~dzkptzko ukol
]fdpkie# ;55: 8 25%/ idijdzeako ~doudcd}keko }do`eze/
^dzkptzko ~dptohta# ukept ~dzkptzko ^dzkptzko }do`eze eoe pe`ka idotohtaako
ukol idotohta btati ok}efokc ikok ~k`k btati ok}efokc ikok ukol kako
ukol kako idolkptz btjtolko ukol idolkptzouk# pdpk~e idolkptz }do eze/
jdz}kolatpko/ Hk`e Btati ^dz`kpk Ie}kcouk 8
Eopdzok}efokc k`kckb btati ok}efokc ¬Pzkapkp \kz}k|k ;: ” ;> ” ;5:5
topta idoudcd}keako ~dzakzk eopdz) idoldoke ~dolkolatpko t`kzk/
ok}efokc/ ¬k}kc 504 Jtzldzceha \dpjfda "J\% 8
^dzkptzko k}ce# ukept ~dzkptzko ukol }dfzkol \OE# ukol k`k `e Odlkzk
idijdz eako ~doudcd}keko }do`ez e/ k}eol# kako pe`ka `k~kp idijtkp
^dzkptzko }do`eze eoe pe`ka idotohta ~k`k }tzkp |k}ekp admtkce `dolko kapk
btati ok}efokc ikok ukol kako Ktpbdopeda `ko `dolko idol)
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =><
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 12/21
eo`kbako gfzikcepdp ukol ckxei `e @kcki Btati ^dz`kpk Eopdz)
Odlkzk pdi~kp ejtkpouk kapk ept/ ok}efokc# }dckeo adpdoptko)adpdoptko¬k}kc 2= J\ 8 ^dzak|eoko ukol ~dptohta# adpdoptko k}ce "iko`eze% `ko
`eckatako `e ctkz odldze# jkea kopkzk ~ecebko btati k`k htlk ake`kb)ake`kb
\OE }do`eze ikt~to kopkzk \OE ko Btati^dz`kpk Eopdzok}efokc/ Ake`kb)
\OK k`kckb }kb# heak `eckol}tolako ake`kb pdz}djtp `k~kp `epdzk~ako k~kjeck
‧‧‧/ Pdpk~e ~k}kc 2= J\ eoe }t`kb `kcki idolbk`k~e ~dz}fkcko Btati
pe`ka jdzckat dolko eadctkzakoouk ^dz`kpk Eopdzok}efokc pe`ka pdzcko`k}e
TT dzak|eoko Of/ E Pkbto :>>5/ ~k`k adpdoptko ~dptohta `ko adpdoptko
¬
^k}kc 47 TT Of/ E Pkbto ;5<0# iko`eze# `ko btjtolko btati ~kzk ~ebkapdopkol ~dzak|eoko `e ctkz odldz pe`ka idckatako ~ecebko btati/ K`k
"Ctkz Eo`fod}ek%/ jdjdzk~k ake`kb)ake`kb Btati dz`kpk
¬k}kc 4< TT Of/ E Pkbto ;5<0 Eopdzok}efokc "B^E% "pe`ka `e}djtpako
pdopkol ~dzak|eoko mki~tzko }ditk% kopkzk ckeo 8 Pepea Pktp# Atkcegeak}e#
"^dzak|eoko kopkzk \OE `dolko Adpdzp ejko Titi# ^ecebko Btati#
\OK%/ ^doudcto`t~ko Btati# Bka)Bka Ukol
@e}ki~eol aditolaeoko idol) @e~dzfcdb# ^dz}fkcko ^do`kbtctko# `ko
ltokako ~dzkpt zko ~dptohta `ko }djklkeouk/
~dzkptzko k}ce# k`k aditolaeoko adpelk Pdopkol Pepea Pktp 8 k`kouk
ukept ad`tk jdckb ~ebka idolk`kako aditolaeoko }tkpt ake`kb btati k}eol
~ecebko btati/"Zdmbp} atdxd% ukept ukol jdzckat jkle }tkpt ~dze}pe|k btati
idzdak }dptht jkb|k btjtolko idzdak akzdok k`kouk to}tz k}eol/ ]d`kolako
kako `e kptz fcdb btati ukol `e~ecebouk Pe p ea Pkt p idi jko pt a ep k to pta
}do`eze/ Ie}kcouk }dfzkol ~d`klkol idoldpkbte jkb|k btjtolko btati
|kzlk odlkzk Jdclek `ko }dfzkol pdz}djtp idzt~kako ceolat~ btati
~d`klkol |kzlk odlkzk ^dzkome} ~dz`kpk eopdzok}efokc/ Ikmki)ikmki
idolk`kako ~dz}dpthtko htkc jdce ukol Pepea Pktp# ukept8
kpk} ~ecebko idzdak# idieceb `ekptz fcdb;%/ Pepea Pktp zeidz#
btati Jdcko`k "K/ ]epe ]fdpkie# ;55:8
5;%/ :%/ Pepea Pktp ]dato`dz/
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =>2
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 13/21
Pepea Pktp ^zeidz `eokikako Pepea }t`kb pdz}d`ek/ Eoe ukol `eokikako
Pktp ^dijd`k# ukept to}tz)to}tz ukol ack}egeak}e `kze gkapk)gkapk Mck}}egemkpefo fg idotohtaako jkb|k }tkpt ~dze}pe|k Gkmp}% "]fd`kzlf Lktpkik# ;524# b#;;2%/
btati idzt~kako ~dze}pe|k B^E/Pdo pkol ad pd z p ejko Titi
Ie}kcouk 8 k%/ \OE idoeakb dolko \OK"]fd`kzlf Lktpkik# ;524 8 ;==% Ad)
"Kidzeak%# `e}eoe \OK "Kidzeak%pdzpejko Titi `kcki jkbk}k Jdcko`k
idotohtaako ~dze}pe|k B^E/# j%/ @tk \OEF~dojkzd fz`d/ Adpdzpejko Titi ~dopeol
idoeakb `e Kt}pzkcek akzdok `eckol}tol)`kcki B^E# akzdok cdijklk adpdzpejko
ako `e Kt}pzkcek "Cfmt} mdcdjzkpefoe}titi eoe }kolatp ~ktp ukol dzkp `dolko
k}eol %/ Kt}pzkcek idotohtaako ~de}pe|k ~kbki)~kbki k}k}e `ko `k}kz B^E/ HeakB^E/
B^E aepk pdckb idodoptako jkb|k btatiPepea Pktp ]dato`dz `eokikako
k}eol bkzt} `e~dzckatako# Bkc eoe – pe`ka ’Pepea Pktp ^dodopt/ Kako idodoptako
jdzkzpe jkb|k }dckct `ko `kcki }ditk bkc–Btati Ikokakb’ ukol bkzt} jdzckat
bkzt} e~dzltokako btati k}eol pdz}djtp/jkle ~dze}pe|k B^E/ Ie}kcouk 8 Idotztp
Heak ~dikakeko `kze btati k}eol jdzkzpe~dzhkoheko eopdzok}efokc "Pzkapkp @do
}tkpt ~dckollkzko ukol }kolkp `kze~k`kBkl%/ ]ukzkp)}ukzkp topta idckol}tol)
}do`e)}do`e k}k}e btati ok}efokc bkaei#ako ~dzak|eoko mki~tzko `epdoptako
ikak `kcki bkc –~doldmtkceko’# ikakfcdb Btati Ok}efokc ]tkie”E}pdze/`kcki bkc –^doldmtkceko’# bkaei `k~kp
Btati Ok}efokc ]tkie# Btati Ok}efokcidouki~eolako btati k}eol eoe/ Pdpk~e
E}pdze idodoptako }ukzkp)}ukzkp gfziec~dodzk~ko Adpdzpejko Titi bkzt}
topta idckol}tolako ~dzak|eoko/}dieoei itolaeo# ika}t`ouk hkolko
Atkcegeak}e }djdokzouk k`kckbit`kb }dckct idodzk~ako ~dodzk~ko
idckatako ’pzko}ckpefo’ kpkt –~doukceoko’Adpdzp ejko Titi# akzdok `k~kp
`kze~k`k gkapk)gkapk }dbkze)bkze `kckiidolkaejkpako ceolat~ B^E pe`ka `k~kp
e}peckb)e}peckb btati/ Gkapk)gkapk eptjdzadijkol `dolko jkea# akzdok }dckct
`eik}taako `kcki afpka)afpka btati#idodzk~ako Btati Ok}efokc# }d`kol)
adck})adck}# ztkol)ztkol kpkt akikz)ako btati Odlkzk ckeo }dckct pe`ka
akikz kpkt jkleko)jkleko btati ukol`e~dzltokako/ Bkc eoe idi~dz}di~ep
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =>5
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 14/21
~dzlktcko toek e dzk lcfjkce}k}e/ }dbkzt}ouk jdzckat/
^diecebko Btati "Eollze} 8 Bka)Bka ukol Pdckb @e~dzfcdbMbfe}d fg Ck| 1 Jdcko`k 8 Zdmbp adtxd%/ "BB@%# `kcki btati ~dz`kpk eopdz)
^diecebko Btati `k~kp `eckatako fcdb ok}efokc –Bka)bka ukol `e~dzfcdb `e~kake
~kzk ~ebka ukol idckatako btjtolko topta idold`d~koako jkbdk ~dztjkbko
btati/ ^ec ebko Btati pdpk~ k`k `kze gkapk)gkapk# pe`ka kako idi~dolkztbe
jkpk}koouk # hk` e pe` ka }djdjk} ) jdzckatouk ake`kb ukol }ditck `e~kake/
jdjk}ouk/ Ie}kc 8 pe`ka jfcdb idckollkz Ie}}kc 8 Kopkzk K `ko J idckol}tolako
Adpdzp ejko titi# kpkt idckatako ~dzak|eoko `e Odlkzk R# `ko ~dzak|eoko
~doudcto`t~ko btati/ ^kzk ~ebka bkouk idzdak }kb idotztp Odlkzk R# adit`ekojdjk} topta idieceb# pdpk~e pe`ka jdjk} @ek adijkce `e odlkzkouk ukept U ikak
topta idodoptako }do`eze ~dzto`kol) }dbkzt}ouk Odlkzk U je}k idodzeik
to`kolko/ }kbouk ~dzak|eoko pdz}djtp e odlkzkouk
^doudcto`t~ko btati `e~kake# "Odlkzk U%/ Wko Jzkadc idolkollk~
k~kjeck btati k}eol `e~kake topta pthtko jkb|k bka)bka ukol pdckb e~dzfcdb e ctkz
idckatako ~doudcto`t~ko btati# klkz odldze }d`k~kp itolaeo –bkzt} `ekate `ko
}tkpt adeoleoko je}k pdz|tht`# ikak `e bfzikpe’ idzt~kako }kckb }kpt k}k}
btati k}eol pdz}djtp pe`ka jfcdb e~kake# ~eaezko gto`kidopec `e kpk} ikok }e}pei
`ko adijkce ~k`k btati ok}efokc `kze B^E `e jkolto/ Pko~k k`kouk ~dolkatko
~ebka ukol idckatako btjtolko btati/ `kze~k`k k}k} eoe# ckct ceopk} eopdzok}efokc
@kcki ~doudcto`t~ko btati jkb|k kako idohk`e pe`ka itolaeo "]fd`kzlf
btati ok}efokc pdpk~ jdzckat ept `ko `e Lktpkik# ;524 8 :;:%/ Jkb|k ~zeo}e~
kollk~ pd~kp ~k`k }tkpt ~dze}pe|k –Bka)bka ukol pdckb `e~dzfcdb’ `k~kp
pdzpdopt }khk# ukol ika}t`ouk 8 K~kjeck `e~dzltokako topta idi~dzjkeae kpkt
k`k }dfzkol ukol topta ido`k~kpako idi~dzcdijtp ~dcka}kokko ~zeo}e~
jdzckatouk btati k}eol pdckb idckatako Adpdzpejko Titi/ Pdopkol bka)bka ukol
}tkpt peo`kako ukol jdz}egkp idol) `e~dzfcdb idoleolkpako aepk `dolko
beo`kzako ~dikakeko btati ok}efokc# ~do`k~kp Tczea Btjdz pdzbk`k~ Pdfze
ikak bkc eoe pe`ka `e~dzjfcdbako akzdok ]pkptpk e Jdcko`k 8
pthtkoouk idolbeo`kzako btati ukol ¼]dpek~ Odlkzk idieceae ad`ktckpko
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =;>
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 15/21
}dbeollk Odlkzk idieceae ad) Eo`fod}ek/ K`k htlk ukol pe ka jdzjd`k
|dokolko ~dotb topta idodpk~) klkik# okito jdzjd`k ad|kzlk)ako ake`kb)ake kb B Eouk# pdpk~e odlkzkko# okito eoleo idckol}tolako
¼@kcki adoukpkkoouk# Odlkzk) ~dzak|eoko `e ctkz Eo`fod}ek# ukept `e
odlkzk ept pe`ka `k~kp jdzpeo`ka odlkzk mkcfo ~k}kolko ~dzak|eokoouk/
}dmkzk jdjk}# `kcki kzpe jkb|kHk`e e}eoe kako pdzhk`e ~dzak|eoko 8
jdz`k}kzako k}k} Mfiepk} ldopeti ¼\OE dolko \OE/
"}f~ko }kopto% Odlkzk ept bkzt}¼\OE dolko \OK/
idolkate ~dcka}kokko }tkpt bka
ukol pdckb `e~dzfcdb –}dmkzk }kb’ `eUkol ~dzak|eokoouk `eckol}tolako `e
Odlkzk ckeo/ctkz Eo`fod}ek/ Idoldoke bkc pdz}djtp
@kcki ~dotce}ko eoe }djklekoikak ~dzak|eoko ukol idzdak ckatako
ake`kb)ake`kb B^E ukol `ekijec & ukolpdzik}ta ceolat~ouk B^E# bkc eoe
jdzakepko `dolko ~dzak|eoko ukol`e}djkjako akzdok k`kouk to}tz k}eol
`eckol}tolako `e ctkz Eo`fod}ek jkleukept 8
\OE/¼Pdi~kp `eckol}tolakoouk ~dz)
= ^dolkptzko ^dzak|eoko ukol ak|eoko "Odlkzk k}eol% "\OE R \OE%/
@eckol}tolako e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ¼Fzkolouk idotohtaako to}tz k}eol
`ko `eckol}tolako `e Odlkzk k}eol "
]dfzkol ~zek `dolko }dfzkol \OE R \OK %/
|koepk ukol eoleo id|tht`ako }tkptAkzdok idzt~kako ceolat~ B^E
adctkzlk ukol jkbklek# ikak kakoikak kako `eakepako `dolko adpdoptko)
`eckol}tolako idckcte eakpko ~dzak|eokoadpdoptko# ko itolaeo htlk ake`kb B^E/
ukol }kb/ Okito k~kjeck `kckiJdz`k}kzako adpdoptko B^E ukept
~dckol}tolko ~dzak|eoko k`k ado`kck#~dzkptzko ukol k}ce kpkt iko`eze# ikak
ie}kcouk k`kouk ~dzjd`kko klkik/ Jkle ~dolkptzko pdopkol ~dzak|eoko `e ctkz idzdak ukol idi~touke `kok "tkol%#
Eo`fod}ek k`k `kcki ~k}kc 47 TT Of/ Eikak idzdak `k~kp jdz~eaez id)
Pkbto ;5<0 kukp 8ckol}tolako ~dzak|eoko `e ctkz
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =;;
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 16/21
";%/ ^dzak|eoko ukol `eckol}tolako adpdoptko)adpdoptko to`kol)to`kol eoe
`ectkz Eo`fod}ek kopkzk `tk fzkol "TT Of/ E Pkbto ;5<0%/ @kze akceikp\OE kpkt }dfzkol \OE dolko \OK pdz}djtp pe`ka hdck}# jklkeikok akckt
k`kckb }kb jeckikok `eckat)ako idotztp Odlkzk k}eol pe`ka idckollkz#
idotztp btati ukol jdzckat `e adit`eko idotztp btati Eo`fod}ek
Odlkzk `eikok ~dzak|eoko ept idckollkz# mfopfbouk pdopkol ~dz)
`eckol}tolako `ko jkle \OE pe`ka ak|eoko kopkz klkik/
idckollkz adpdoptko)adpdoptko TT Adit eko jtoue ~k}kc 47 kukp ":%
Of/ E Pkbto ;5<0/ –@kcki |kapt ; "}kpt% pkbto ‧‧‧
":%/ @kcki |kapt ; "}kpt% pkbto }dpdckb adijkce `e |eckukb Eo`fod}ek }tzkp jtape
}tkie e}pdze ept adijkce `e |eckukb ~dzak|eoko idzdak bkzt} `e`kgpkzako `e
Eo`fod}ek# }tzkp jtape ~dzak|eoko Akopfz domkpkpko dzak|eoko idzdak/ Bkc
idzdak bkzt} `e`kgpkzako `e Akopfz eoe idoeijtcako ~dzpkoukko jklkeikok
^domkpkpko ^dzak|eoko pdi~kp akckt idcdjebe hkolak |kapt ; pkbto/ @ko
peollkc idzdak/ k~kakb Akopfz ^domkpkpko ^dzak|eoko
Jkb|k pdz oukpk ~dolk ptzko bkouk idomkpkp }khk# kpkt idijtkpako
pdopkol ~dzak|eoko `e ctkz Eo`fod}ek jtape jkzt ~zf`ta ^didzeopkb Eo`fod}ek#
bkouk }kpt ";% ~k}kc `tk ":% kukp }khk# bkc eoe pe`ka hdck}/
}d`kolako akckt emkze kcki ~dohdck}ko) Jdzakepko `dolko kptzko ukol
ouk# pdzptce} mtat~ hdck}/ @kze bkc pdz}djtp bkouk }kpt ~k}kc# ikak `e~dzctako
kako idoeijtcako itcpe ~dokg}ezko/ jkoptko ecit ~doldpkbtko pdopkol
]d~dzpe bkcouk pdzbk`k~ akceikp "~k}kc 47 ake`kb)ake`kb B^E akzdok ~dz}fkcko
kukp ";%% ‧// k`kckb }kb jeckikok pdz}djtp ik}ta ceolat~ B^E/ Ie}kcouk 8
–`eckatako idotztp btati’ ukol jdzckat ¼Pdopkol ake`kb adpdzpejko titi#
`e Odlkzk `eikok ~dzak|eoko ept ukept k}kc Odlkzk k}eol ~dzkptzko)
`eckol}tolako ‧‧/ @kze akceikp pdz}djtp ouk pe`ka idckollkz bka `k}kz
pe`ka hdck} k~kakb ididotbe btati ikot}ek/
gfziecouk kpkt ikpdzeec `kze Odlkzk k}eol ¼Pdopkol ~doudcto`t~ko btati# k}kc
pdz}djtp/ ]dckohtpouk kcki ~k}kc 47 kukp ad Odlkzk k}eol pe`ka jdzpthtko
";% ‧‧ `ko jkle \OE pe`ka idckollkz idckatako ~doudcto`t~ko btati/
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =;:
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 17/21
¼Pdopkol bka)bka ukol `e~dzfcdb# ckohtp idohk`e kapk fpdopea `ko kapk
ukept k~kjeck btati Odlkzk k}eol `ejk|kb pkolko "]t`eaof Idzpfat}tif#idolkollk~ }kb# ikak jdz) ;555 8 ;:;%/
`k}kzako k}k} mfiepk} ldopeti Kapk k`kckb }tzkp ukol ejdze pko`k
"}f~ko }kopto jkol}k%# Odlkzk pkolko# ukol iditkp ~dze}pe|k ukol
"Eo`fod}ek% ept bkzt} idolkate idohk`e `k}kz }tkpt bka kpkt ~dzeakpko#
~dcka}kokko }tkpt bka ukol pdckb ukol `ejtkp }dhka }ditck `dolko }dolkhk
`e~dzfcdb }dmkzk }kb e Odlkzk ckeo/ topta ~dijtapeko/ Hk`e topta `k~kp
Bkc eoe jdzckat }djkceaouk/ `elfcfolako `kcki ~doldzpeko kapk ikak
}tzkp bkzt} `epko`kpkolkoe "]t`eaof0 Pdopkol Kckp Jtape ]tkpt ]tzkp
Idzpfat}tif# ;555 8 ;:;%/
Kapk ktpdapea k`kckb }tkpt kapk@kcki btjtolko ad~dz`kpkko#
ukol `kcki jdopta ukol `epdoptako fcdbpdzhk`eouk }tkpt ~dzak|eoko kopkzk
to`kol)to`kol# `ejtkp fcdb kpkt}dfzkol ~zek `dolko }dfzkol |koepk
`ebk`k~ko ~dhkjkp titi ukol jdzatk}k`dolko pthtko idijdopta }tkpt
`epdi~kp ikok kapk ept `ejtkp "Wempfz I/adctkzlk/ Topta idijtapeako k`kouk
]eikpt~kol `ko Mfzidopuok ]eik)}tkpt ~dzak|eoko `e~dzctako k`kouk kckp
pt~kol# ;55; 8 40%/
jtape ukol }kb idotztp btati/ Kapk ept bkzt} `ejtkp fcdb kpkt]d`kolako kckp jtape `kcki
`ebk`k~ko }dfzkol ~dhkjkp titi/btati ~dz`kpk k`k 4 "ceik% ikmki kckp)
^dhkjkp titi ~dijtkp kapk k`kckbkckp jtape "Zdpof|tcko ]tpkopf# ;55< 8 7;%#
~d hkjk p ukol ` ejd z e |d|dokolkopkzk ckeo 8 ;%/ jtape }tzkp1 :%/ Jtape }ka}e1
jdz`k}kzako to`kol)to`kol `kcki jkpk}=%/ ^dz}kolakko1 0%/ ^dolkatko1 `ko 4%/
|d|dokol ukol pdckb `epdpk~ako }dmkzk]ti~kbko1 `ko k`k pkijkbko kckp jtape
pdlk}# }d~dzpe ofpkzed}# ~koepdzk# htzk}epk#ukept ~doldpkbtko bkaei/
bkaei# –~dlk|ke mkpkpko }e~ec’# ad~kck]tzkp }djklke kckp jtape pdzptce}
`kdzkb# `cc/ ]tkpt kapk k`kckb ktpdapea#`ejkle : "`tk% ukept }tzkp ukol idzt~kakojtako akzdok ~dodpk~ko to`kol)to`kol#
kapk `ko }tzkp)}tzkp ckeoouk ukol jtakokako pdpk~e akzdok `ejtkp fcdb kpkt
kapk# }d`kolako kapk }do`eze `ejkle cdjeb
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =;=
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 18/21
`ebk`k~ko }dfzkol ~dhkjkp titi "Wempfz ~dopeol `kcki btjtolko ad~dz`kpkko#
I/ ]eikpt~kol `ko M fzidopuok }djkj mkpkpko }e~ec `k~kp idodoptako
]eikpt~kol# ;55; 8 44%/ Kapk `ejk|kb ad`t`tako btati }d}dfzkol# jkle fzkol)
pkolko "Fo`dzbko`} fmpk% Ka pk fzkol ukol jdzad~dopeolko cdijklk eoe
`ejk|kb pkolko k`kckb kapk ukol `k~kp `dolko it`kb idi~dzfcdb
}dolkhk `ejtkp fcdb ~kzk ~ebka topta ad~k}peko btati# idoldoke }pkpt}
~dijtapeko pko~k jkoptko `kze }dfzkol }d}dfzkol/ K`kouk mkpkpko }e~ec jdzpthtko
~dhkjkp ~dijtkp kapk/ Jdzakepko `dolko topta idijdzeako ad~k}peko btati
kapk ukol `eadctkzako fcdb ~dlk|ke }djd}kz)jd}kzouk idoldoke ~dze}pe|k)
mkpkpko }e~ec ukol idoukolatp kapk ~dze}pe|k ukol e kckie kpkt pdzhk`e kpk} eze
~dzak|eoko idzt~kako kapk ktpdapea/ }d}dfzkol# ikak }ditk kapk mkpkpko }e~ec
Akzdok ~dlk|ke mkpkpko }e~ec ukol idi~touke ad`t`tako ukol }di~tzok
idoko`kpkolkoe kapk ~dzak|eoko ukol itpcka adjdokzkoouk `e`d~ko
idzt~kako ~dhkjkp ukol `ejdze |d) btati/ Akzdok ~zf`ta cdijklk mkpkpko
|dokol jdz`k}kzako to`kol)to`kol/ }e~ec idzt~kako kapk ktpdopea ikak
idi~touke adatkpko ~dijtapeko ukol4 Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko
}di~tzok/ Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz
Jdzakepko `dolko }tzkp jtape
Eo`fod}ek ~dzak|eoko ~zf`ta `kze ctkz Eo`fod}ek#
k~kakb }kik dolko kapk ktpdopea ~zf`ta@kcki ~k}kc 47 kukp ":% TT Of/ E
cdijklk mkpkpko }e~ec Eo`fod}ek/ ^dzct `ePkbto ;5<0 `e}djtpako 8 @kcki |kapt ;
adpkbte jkb|k ~doldzpeko mkpkpko }e~ec"}kpt% pkbto ‧‧//# }tzkp jtape
k`kckb }tkpt cdijklk ukol `ek`kako fcdb~dzak|eoko idzdak bkzt} `e `kgpkzako `e
~doltk}k# ukol `eika}t`ako toptaAkopfz ^domkpkpko ^dzak|eoko pdi~kp
idijtatako }dcdolak~ itolaeo `kopeollkc idzdak/
akzdok ept idijdzeako ad~k}peko }djd}kz)@kcki ptce}ko eoe ukol eika}t`
jd}kzouk pdopkol }ditk ~dze}pe|k ukolAkopfz ^domkpkpko ^dzak|eoko k`kckb~dopeol jkle }pkpt} ad~dz`kpkko
Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec "AM]%/}d}dfzkol "GR/ ]tbkz`kok# ;55: 8 7<%/
Cdijklk mkpkpko }e~ec idikol]dbeollk gtol}e mkpkpko }e~ec }djklke
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =;0
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 19/21
cdijklk ukol idckatako ~domkpkpko `ko cdijklk)cdijklk ukol pdz}ti~kb#
~dijtkpko kapk "pko`k jtape pdzptce}% kpk} `e}eoe cdijklk pdz}djtp ukol~dze}pe|k)~dze}pe|k ukol idi~touke kzpe idodzhdikbako `kze jkbk}k k}eol
~dopeol jkle ikot}ek }djklke ~do`tatol pdz}djtp%/
bka `ko ad|khejko `kcki ckct ceopk} j% ^k}~fz# We}k ad`tk jdckb ~ebka
btati "]/ ^zk|e zfbkie`hfh f `ko "}tkie ikt~to e}pdze% }djklke
]kbfd`eo# ;52: 8 :=):0%/ e`dopepk} eze/
@kze gtol}e mkpkpko }e~ec pdz}djtp m% Gfpfaf~e Akzpt Pko`k ^do`t`ta
}kckb }kptouk idckatako ~domkpkpko# "AP^%# Akzpt Adctkzlk "AA% }djkouka
ikak }tzkp jtape ~dzak|eoko ~zf`ta ctkz ; "}kpt% cdijkz/
Eo`fod}ek pdz}djtp bkouk `eckatako `% Kapd Adckbezko "`epdz hdikbako
~domkpkpko }khk }dbeollk mkpkpko }e~ec pdzcdjeb kbtct% ; cdijkz/
mtat~ idomkpkp }tzkp jtape ~dzak|eoko d% ^k} ~bfpf 0r7 "4 cdijkz%/
pdz}djtp/ ^dzak|eoko \OE ukol pdzhk`e `e g% Idijk|k adpdzkolko fatido k}ce/
ctkz Eo`fod}ek |khej idck~fzako ~dz) l% Idoldoke ~dzak|eoko \OE `e ctkz
ak|eokoouk ad @eok} Ad~do`t`tako ko odldze ukol jdzakepko `dolko
Mkpkpko ]e~ec }dckijkp)ckijkpouk ; "}kpt% ~dzjd`kko klkik# ~ebka mkpkpko }e~ec
pkbto }dhka ukol jdz}kolatpko adijkce pe`ka ~dzokb idi~dzik}kckb)ako#
ad Eo`fod}ek/ }egkp mkpkpko }e~ec bkoukckb pdi~kp
^dck~fzko ~dzak|eoko }djklke) ~dck~fzko `ko idckatako ~do)
ikok ukol eika}t` ~k`k kukp ":% ~k}kc mkpkpko/
47 TT Of/ E Pkbto ;5<0 `emkpkp ~k`k Idoldoke bkc }d~dzpe eoe }dbkzt})
zdle}pdz kapk ~dzak|eoko `ko `e pdzjepako ouk ~dzjd`kko klkik pe`ka bkzt}
}tzkp adpdzkolko ~dzak|eoko ctkz odldze/ ~dzak|eokoouk `eckol}tolako `e ctkz
K`k~to ~dz}ukzkpko heak eoleo Eo`fod}ek akzdok adijkce `e Eo`fod}ek
idck~fzako ~dzak|eoko ad @eok} kako `eckatako ~domkpkpko kzpeouk
Ad~do`t`tako ko Mkpkpko ]e~ec k`kckb 8 `eckatako ~dolkatko }dzpk ~dold}kbko
k% Gfpfaf~e kapd ~dzak|eoko ctkz odldze fcdb mkpkpko }e~ec }djklke |kaec ~didzeopkb
`ko pdzhdikbko "k`kouk }tkpt Eo`fod}ek/
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =;4
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 20/21
]d`kolako k~kjeck `epeohkt @KGPKZ T]PKAK
idotztp ~dzkptzko `e Eo`fod}ek# idckcte ]epe ]fdpkie# ^dolkopkz Pkpk Btati~k}kc 77 TT Of# E Pkbto ;5<0# idckcte
Eo`fod} ek # ^P/ Dzd}mf #~dokg}ezko k mfopzkzef# je}k idotohta
Jko`tol# ;55:/~dzkptzko L/B/Z "Pdopkol ~dzak|eoko
M]P/ Ako}ec# ^dolkopkz Ecit Btati `komki~tzko%/ @e}ki~eol ept jekuk kpkt
Pkpk Btati Eo`fod}ek# Mdp`kok aepk pe`ka ckze adctkz odldze# mtat~
WEEE# Jkcke ^t}pkak# Hkakzpk#`eckol}tolako e Eo`fod}ek/
;525/Idoldoke adatkpko }tzkp jtape
~dzak|eoko ukol `eckol}tolako `e ctkz GR/ ]tbkz`kok# Btati ^dz`kpk E #
Eo`fod}ek# idi~touke adatkpko jtapeLzkid`ek# Hkakzpk# ;55:/
ukol }di~tzok/ Bkc eoe }d}tke `dolko
kckp jtape }tzkp ukol idzt~kako }kckb L/B/]/ Ctijko Pfjeol# ^dzkptzko Hkjkpko
}kpt ~dijtapeko `kcki c eolat~ Ofpkze}# Dzckollk# Hkakzpk#
btjtolko ad~dz`kpkko/ ;52>/
]dbeollk k~kjeck }tkie e}pdze ukolLzkwdofo# Z/B# Mfogcemp fg Ck|} ” ^zewkpd
idckol}tolako ~dzak|eoko `e ctkz Eopdzokpefokc Ck|# ]|ddp ko`
Eo`fod}ek# `ko adijkce ad Eo`fod}ek pb
Ikr|dcc# Cfo`fo# < d`epefo#idckatako ~dck~fzko `ko `emkpkp fcdb;5<0/
mkpkpko }e~ec/
A/ \kophea ]kcdb# Btati Kmkzk ^dz`kpk#Ikak k~kjeck k`k ~dzik}kckbko#
Mbkcek Eo`fod}ek# Hkakzpk#ie}kcouk idolkhtako ltlkpko mdzke
;52=/ikak `k~kp `ekhtako ad ^dolk`ecko
Odldze `e \eckukb Eo`fod}ek/ ]dbeollk Z/ ]fdpfhf ^zk|ezfbkie`hfhf# ^ctzkce}id
`eakpkako jkb|k adatkpko jtape }tzkp @kcki ^dzto`kol)To`kolko
~dzak|eoko ukol `eckol}tol)ako `e ctkz ^dzak|eoko `e Eo`fod}ek#
Eo`fod}ek idzt~kako }tkpt kapk ktpdopea Kezckollk Toewdz}epu ^zd}}#
ukol idzt~kako kckp jtape }tzkp ukept kckp ]tzkjkuk# ;527 8 0:/
jtape ukol }di~tzok `ko idi~touke
adatkpko btati ukol }di~tzok ~tck/ Z/ ]fdpfhf ^zk|ezfbkie`hfhf# Ikzpbkcdok
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =;7
7/23/2019 Isetyowati Andayani 2005 JULI
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/isetyowati-andayani-2005-juli 21/21
^fbko# Btati Fzkol `ko Ad ct kz lk # ]eokz Lzkgeak#
Adctkzlk "^dz}fodo do Hkakzpk# ;55: 8 0/Gkieced Zdmbp%# Kez ckollk ]tokzukpe Bkzpfof# ^fafa)^fafa Btati
Toewdz}epu ^zd}}# ]tzkjkuk# ^dz`kpk Eopdzok}efokc # Mdp EEE#
;55;/ Jeok Me~pk# Jko`tol# ;525/
Z/ ]fdpfhf ^zk|ezfbkie hfhf `ko Kxe} ]tpkzlf Lktpkik# ^dolkopkz Btati
]kgefd`eo# Btati Fzkol `ko ^ d z ` k p k E o p d z o k } e f o k c
Adctkzlk# Kctioe# ;527/ Eo`fod}ek# Jeokme~pk# Mdp/ EEE#
Zdpof|tcko ]tpkopef `ko E}ako`kz Jko`tol# ;524/
Fdze~akzpk|eokpk# Btati ]t`eaof Idzpfat}tif# Btati Kmkzk
Kmkzk ^dz`kpk `kcki Pdfze ^dz`kpk Eo`fod}ek# Mdp/ EE#
`ko ^zkapda # Iko`kz Ikht# Cejdzpu# Uflukakzpk# ;555/
Jko`tol# ;55</
]epe ]tbkzokoe# dp/kc/# Jtat Khkz dolkopkz Wempfz I/ ]eptifzkol `ko Mfzidopuok
Btati Eo`fod}ek# ]tzkjkuk# ]epkollkol# K}~da Btati
Pkbto :>>0/ Kapk Mkpkpko ]e~ec e Eo`fod}ek#
]fd`ebkzuf ]fdieo# Btati Fzkol `ko ]eokz Lzkgeak# Hkakzpk# ;55;/
Adatkpko ]tzkp Jtape ^dzak|eoko Ukol @eckol}tolako @e Ctkz Eo`fod}ek ]dpdckb@e`kgpkzako @e Akopfz Mkpkpko ]e~ec
^ DZ]^DAPEG Wfctid R Of/= Pkbto :>>4 D`e}e Htce
E}dpuf|kpe Ko`kukoe =;<