INTERAKSI SUPORTER SEPAK BOLA RANGERS FC DAN

CELTIC FC SEBAGAI CERMINAN KONFLIK SEKTARIAN

DI SKOTLANDIA

SKRIPSI

Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1

Disusun Oleh:

Lucky Dwi Novita

NIM: 201210360311088

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2017

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Nama : Lucky Dwi Novita

NIM : 201210360311088

Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Jurusan : Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Judul Skripsi : Interaksi Suporter Sepak Bola Rangers FC dan Celtic CF sebagai

Cerminan Konflik Sektarian di Skotlandia\

Telah dipertahankan dihadapan Dewan Penguji Ujian Skripsi

Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik

Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Dan dinyatakan LULUS

Pada hari : Kamis

Tanggal : 13 April 2017

Tempat : Kantor Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional FISIP UMM

Mengesahkan

Dekan FISIP – UMM

Dr. Asep Nurjaman, M.Si

Dewan Penguji:

1. M. Syaprin Zahidi, MA ( )

2. Dedik Fitrah, M.Hub.Int ( )

3. Haryo Prasodjo, MA ( )

4. Hafid Adim, MA ( )

KATA PENGANTAR

Segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Alla SWT yang telah

melimpahkan kasih dan sayang-Nya kepada kita. Shalawat serta salam semoga

senantiasa terlimpah curahkan kepada Nabi Muhammad SAW, kepada keluarga,

para sahabatnta dan para pengikutnya, Ammin.

Penulis menyadari dalam proses penulisan skripsi yang berjudul “Interaksi

Suporter Sepak Bola Rangers FC dan Celtic FC Sebagai Cerminan Konflik

Sektarian di Skotlandia” ini mengalami kendala, berkah dari Allah SWT penulis

dapat melalui kendala tersebut. Untuk itu penulis menyampaikan segenap ucapan

terima kasih kepada Bapak Haryo Prasodjo, MA selaku pemebimbing I dan Bapak

Hafid Adim Pradana,MA selaku pembimbing II yang telah meluangkan waktu,

tenaga dan pikiran dalam memberikan bimbingan, yang sangat berharga kepada

penulis selama proses penyususnan skipsi ini.

Selanjutnya ucapan terima kasih penulis sampaikan pula kepada:

1. Bapak Drs. Fauzan M.Pd selaku Rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang

2. Bapak Dr. Asep Nurjaman M.Si selaku Dekan FISIP Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang

3. Bapak M. Syaprin Zahidi, MA dan Bapak Dedik Fitrah, M.Hub.Int, selaku

dewan pengujji yang memberikan banyak kritik, saran dan masukan yang

membantu menyempurnakan skripsi ini

4. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Prodi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional UMM yang

telahmembekali penulis dengan berbagai ilmu selama mengikuti

perkuliahan

5. Terima kasih kepada kedua Orang Tua, Bapak saya Bambang Margono

dan Ibu Sukini, kakak ku Wuri Eka Octavi dan Krisna yang memberikan

dukungan moral dan metril serta doa yang selalu menyemangati penulis.

6. Terima kasih kepada Ibu Mia Asyathri., M.Sos yang memberikan banyak

masukan, kritikan serta dukungan yang sempat menjadi pembimbing I

bagi penulis.

7. Terima kasih kepada teman-temanku yaitu, Anis, Intan, Lisa, Mina, Susan,

Silvi, Ade, Kirana, Heavy, Widi, Faridha, Habibi. Terima kasih telah

banyak membantu dan mendukung penulis.

8. Terima kasih kepada seluruh teman-teman HI 2012 yang memberikan

dukungan dan dorongan demi kelancraan skripsi ini, semoga kita semua

diberikan kemudahan dan kelancaran, Ammin.

9. Terima kasih sahabatku dari SMP Anna Akhsannus yang banyak

membantu dan memberi dukungan baik suka maupun duka.

10. Terima kasih kepada sahabat kecilku Azizah dan Ninuk yang juga

memberikan dukungan dan bantuan selama ini.

11. Terima kasih kepada grup chat dan teman seperjuangan “Rumpi Sist”

dalam mengerjakan skripsi yaitu Habibi, Susan, Lisa, Anis, Intan dan

Mina. Tanpa kalian penulis akan merasa hambar tanpa melakukan curahan

hati selama proses mengerjakan skripsi dan dukungan dari kalian.

12. Dan terakhir, terima kasuntuk semua pihak yang telah membantu baik

memberikan dukungan dan dorongan unutk penulis yang namanya tidak

dapat disebutkan satu-persatu, Terima Kasih

Semoga Allah SWT memberikan balasan yang berlipat ganda kepada

semuanya. Saran dan kritik yang membangun akan penulis terima dengan

senang hati melalui Gmail yaitu: luckynovita2@gmail.com Semoga skripsi ini

dapat berguna dalam menambah materi akademik Ilmu Hubungan

Internasional UMM kemudian hari.

Malang, 10 April 2017

Lucky Dwi Novita

DAFTAR ISI

COVER ........................................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI ......................................................... ii

LEMBARPENGESAHAN ............................................................................ iii

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ................................................................ iv

BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ................................................. v

ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... vi

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... x

DAFTAR ISTILAH ....................................................................................... xi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................. 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 6

1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................ 6

1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................. 6

1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................... 6

1.3.2.1 Manfaat Praktis ...................................................... 6

1.3.2.2 Manfaat Akademis ................................................. 7

1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................ 7

1.5 Kerangka Teori dan Konsep ............................................................ 16

1.5.1 Konsep Konflik Sektarian .................................................... 16

1.6 Metodologi Penelitian ..................................................................... 20

1.6.1 Metode/ Tipe Penelitian ....................................................... 20

1.6.2 Teknik Analisa Data ............................................................ 21

1.6.3 Teknik Pengumpulan Data .................................................. 21

1.6.4 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian .................................................. 21

a. Batasan Materi ................................................................ 21

b. Batasan Waktu ................................................................ 21

1.7 Argumen Pokok ............................................................................... 23

1.8 Sitematika penulisan ........................................................................ 24

BAB II DINAMIKA DAN SEJARAH KONFLIK SEKTARIAN DI

SKOTLANDIA

2.1 Sepak Bola sebagai Olahraga Populer dalam Masyarakat

Skotlandia ........................................................................................ 25

2.2 Berdirinya Rangers dan Celtic ......................................................... 27

2.2.1 Sejarah Berdirinya Rangers ................................................. 27

2.2.2 Sejarah Berdirinya Celtic ..................................................... 32

2.3 Konflik Sektarian di dalam Sepak Bola .......................................... 35

2.3.1 Kronologi Konflik Sektarian di Skotlandia ......................... 36

2.3.1.1 Sejarah Konflik Katolik dan Protestan .................. 37

2.3.1.2 Masuknya Imigran Irlandia ke Skotlandia ............. 39

2.4 Konflik Sektarian di dalam Sepak Bola .......................................... 44

2.4.1 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 1909 ............................................. 46

2.4.2 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 1955 ............................................. 46

2.4.3 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 1971 ............................................. 47

2.4.4 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 1980 ............................................. 48

2.4.5 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 1993 ............................................. 49

2.4.6 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 1998 ............................................. 49

2.4.7 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 1999 ............................................. 50

2.4.8 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 2003 ............................................. 50

2.4.9 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 2004 s/d 2006 .............................. 51

2.4.10 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 2008 ............................................. 52

BAB III KONFLIK SEKTARIAN DALAM PERSEPAKBOLAAN DI

SKOTLANDIA .............................................................................. 54

3.1 Konflik Sektarian antar Suporter Rangers dan Celtic tahun 2009-

2015 ................................................................................................. 54

3.1.1 Konflik Sektarian Tahun 2009 ............................................. 55

3.1.2 Konflik Sektarrian Tahun 2010 ........................................... 58

3.1.3 Konflik Sektarrian Tahun 2011 ........................................... 59

3.1.4 Konflik Sektarrian Tahun 2012 ........................................... 62

3.1.5 Konflik Sektarrian Tahun 2013-2014 .................................. 64

3.1.6 Konflik Sektarrian Tahun 2015 ........................................... 68

BAB IV INTERAKSI SUPORTER SEPAK BOLA RANGERS FC

DAN CELTIC FC .......................................................................... 72

4.1 Sektarianisme dalam Sebutan Suporter ........................................... 75

4.2 Sektarianisme Suporter dalam Organisasi ....................................... 76

4.3 Sektarianisme Melalui sebuah Lagu ................................................ 77

4.3.1 Lagu Diperbolehkan ............................................................ 78

4.3.2 Lagu Dilarang ...................................................................... 80

4.4 Perbedaan Identitas Suporter Melalui Bendera ............................... 89

BAB V PENUTUP ...................................................................................... 98

4.1 Kesimpulan ...................................................................................... 90

4.2 Saran ................................................................................................ 92

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 93

LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................... 104

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Lirik lagu yang dapat dinyanyikan oleh suporter Rangers FC

dan Celtic FC..................................................................................104

Lampiran 2 Penangkapan suporter dalam lapangan...........................................107

Lampiran 3 Pengibaran bendera Tricolor Irlandia oleh suporter

Celtic FC dalam pertandingan Old Firm Derby..............................107

Lampiran 4 Pemisahan tempat duduk suporter Rangers Fc dan Celtic Fc.........108

Lampiran 5 Suporter Celtic membentangkan spanduk penghinaan yang

ditujukan kepada Rangers...............................................................109

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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Bigoted language shame of would-be SNP MP, diakses dalam

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Boca Junior Vs River Plate, diakses dalam

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Catholic RE teacher is threatened after Old Firm match, Celtic manager calls

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calm-after-death-threats-against-referee/ (09/01/2017, 09:00 WIB).

Catholics bear brunt of Scottish sectarian abuse, diakses dalam

https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/nov/28/religion.catholicism

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Celtic and Rangers avoid disciplinary action after sectarian chants and flares

during their Scottish League Cup semi-final clash, diakses dalam

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avoid-disciplinary-action-sectarian-chants-flares.html (10/11/2016, 23:00

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Celtic call for parts of anti-sectarian football law to be repealed, diakses dalam

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ti_sectarian_football_law_to_be_repealed/ (09/01/2017, 11:08 WIB).

Celtic face Scottish FA charge over ‘Zombie Rangers’ banner, diakses

dalam www.scotzine.com/2012/09/celtic-face-scottish-fa-charge-over-

zombie-rangers-banner/ (09/01/2017, 10:00 WIB).

Celtic fans accused of pizza box taunts, diakses dalam

http://www.newsletter.co.uk/news/celtic-fans-accused-of-pizza-box-taunts-

1-1882458 (17/10/2016, 11:43 WIB).

Celtic striker John Guidetti gets a rap on the knuckles for singing "the huns are

deid" in TV interview, diakses dalam

http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/celtic-striker-john-guidetti-gets-

5608812 (31/03/2017, 09:50 WIB).

Celtic Symbol Meanings, diakses dalam http://www.whats-your-sign.com/celtic-

cross-meaning.html (25/10/2016, 00:26 WIB).

Celtic vs Rangers: 10 arrests as 'sectarianism' returns to Old Firm clash at

Hampden Park, diakses melalui http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/celtic-vs-rangers-

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Celtic vs. Rangers: Catholicism vs. Protestantism, diakses dalam

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Consultan with Football Supporters on Problems of Sectarianism whithin Scottish

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Cristina Roman, From Eire to Alba : Irish Immigration Into Scotland Politics,

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David Mc.Menemy, Alan Poulter, Sara O’Loan, A Robust Methodology for

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Derby Old Firm : Lebih Dari Sekedar Sepak bola, diakses melalui

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Destiny awaits Ibrox heroes, diakses dalam

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Diouf: Lennon’s no racist, diakses melalui

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Dissolving Scotland’s Old Firm, diakses dalam

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Doing the Hokey Cokey 'could be hate crime', diakses dalam

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Fields of Athenry Sports Anthem, diakses dalam

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Firm enemies – Rangers and Celtic, 1909-2009, diakses dalam

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Football journalist Hugh Keevins uses Rangers crisis to attack Alex Salmond,

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archive/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4380:football-

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Founding Fathers, diakses dalam http://rangers.co.uk/club/history/rangers-

history/founding-fathers/ (01/09/2016, 10:15 WIB).

Frans Magnis Susebo SJ, Pembangunan Berkelanjutan dalam Peningkatan

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seminar/Keimanan%20dan%20Ketaqwaan%20Tuhan%20YME%20-

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'F*** the Pope and the IRA': Gazza appears to join in with sectarian song as he

leaves the stage at a sold-out event held in honour of the former Rangers

and England star, diakses dalam

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3463713/F-Pope-IRA-Gazza-

appears-sing-sectarian-songs-sold-event-held-honour-former-Rangers-

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Glasgow Celtic Fans, Political Culture and the Tiocfaidh Ar La Fanzine: Some

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Grand Orange Lodge of Scotland, diakses dalam

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Historical Football Kits, diakses dalam

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History of Rangers FC, diakses dalam

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History of Sectarianism, diakses dalam http://nilbymouth.org/history/

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Hugh Reilly: Unwelcome return of Old Firm derby, diakses dalam

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old-firm-derby-1-3592889 (26/10/2016, 23:00 WIB).

Improving youth football in Scotland, diakses dalam

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Independent thinking: Why Celtic fans are wary of Scottish nationalism, diakses

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Industrial Revolution, diakses dalam http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-

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Interest' in Rangers purchase, diakses dalam

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Introduction – Sectarianism in Scottish Football, diakses dalam

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IRA fan hit with 3-year football ban, diakses dalam

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It's high time Rangers turned the heat on to their own offensive fans, diakses

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Just Another Night of Old Firm Derby Canage, diakses dalam

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Kay Goodall, Peter Hopkins, Simon Mb Kerrell, John Richardson and Michael

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Larkhall wins Nil By Mouth award to tackle sectarianism, diakses dalam

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Lay off 'em! Rangers boss Walter Smith insists Celtic must stop piling pressure on

refs, diakses melalui http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-

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Letter: 'Hun' is an offensive three-letter word, diakses dalam

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word-1-810671 (17/10/2016, 13:00 WIB).

M. J. Grant, That’s what it’s all about ? Football song, religious hatred, and the

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19:00 WIB).

Mary Queen of Scots: Biography, Facts, Portraits & Information, diakses dalam

https://englishhistory.net/tudor/relative/mary-queen-of-scots/ (02/11/2016,

19:00 WIB).

Moses McNeil – Co founder of Glasgow Rangers Football Club, Rangers and

Scotland Footballer, diskses dalam http://www.heroescentre.co.uk/hall-of-

fame/sport/sport-moses-mcneil/ (01/09/2016, 08:00 WIB).

Moses McNeil – Co Founder of Glasgow Rangers FootballClub, Rangers and

Scotland Footballer, diakses dalam http://www.heroescentre.co.uk/hall-of-

fame/sport/sport-moses-mcneil/ (01/09/2016, 11:05 WIB).

Nil By Mouth Callenging Sectarianism: History, diakses dalam

http://nilbymouth.org/aboutus/our-history/ (23/01/2017, 20:00 WIB).

Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act

2012, diakses dalam http://www.gov.scot/Topics/archive/law-

order/sectarianism-action-1/football-violence/bill (23/11/2016, 23:00 WIB).

Old Firm clash songs: What Celtic and Rangers fans are banned from singing -

and what's allowed, diakses dalam

http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/old-firm-clash-songs-

what-5060640 (17/10/2016, 08:21 WIB).

Old Firm Derby: Pelampiasan Kebencian Dua Keyakinan, diakses melalui

http://panditfootball.com/cerita/old-firm-derby-pelampiasan-kebencian-dua-

keyakinan/ (13/04/2015, 11.15 WIB).

'Old Firm' faultline is once again a political football, diakses dalam

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-12664550

(19/10/2016, 16:21 WIB).

Old Firm match is a blast from the past for a post-referendum Scotland, diakses

dalam http://theconversation.com/old-firm-match-is-a-blast-from-the-past-

for-a-post-referendum-scotland-36863 (21/10/2016, 21:16 WIB).

Old Firm united as both Celtic and Rangers supporters back a Yes vote for

referendum, poll reveals, diakses dalam

http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/politics/old-firm-united-both-celtic-

3598872 (20/10/2016, 00:14 WIB).

Pengertian Ofensif,diakses dalam http://kbbi.web.id/ofensif (03/09/2016, 21:10

WIB).

Personal Experiences of Religious Discrimination or Exclusion, diakses melalui

http://www.gov.scot/Publications/2015/02/5330/9 (31/07/2016, 23:00 WIB).

Peta Skotlandia, diakses dalam

https://www.google.co.id/maps/place/Skotlandia,+Kerajaan+Inggris/@54.7

151879,-

5.1931664,6z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x4861e2c403f2a19f:0xe7c1fad809c3071

4!8m2!3d56.4906712!4d-4.2026458 (02/09/2016, 16:45 WIB).

Police: Rangers Fans Can Sing The Sash, diakses melalui

http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/13033801.Police__Rangers_fans_can

_sing_The_Sash/ (04/01/2017, 17:00 WIB).

Rangers fan jailed for killing Celtic fan hours after Old Firm match, diakses

dalam http://news.stv.tv/west-central/124666-rangers-fan-jailed-for-killing-

celtic-fan-hours-after-old-firm-match/ (23/11/2016, 23:45 WIB).

Rangers FC, diakses dalam

http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Rangers%20FC

(02/11/2016, 10:16 WIB).

Rangers make history out of chaos, dialses dalam

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sport/football/scottish_premier/334094.stm

(09/02/2017, 07:55 WIB).

Rangers star El Hadji Diouf: Celtic boss Neil Lennon is no racist, diakses melalui

http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/rangers-star-el-hadji-

diouf-1096824 (09/01/2017, 09:15 WIB).

Rangers to face Parkhead chanting probe after weekend Old Firm clash, diakses

dalam http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1147320/Rangers-

face-Parkhead-chanting-probe-weekend-Old-Firm-clash.html (17/10/2016,

10:32 WIB).

Referendum Skotlandia dan Separatisme di Eropa, diakses melalui

http://indonesian.irib.ir/ranah/telisik/item/86565-referendum-skotlandia-

dan-separatisme-di-eropa (21/06/2016, 05:55 WIB).

Rev. hits out at Old Firm ‘songs of hate hypocrites’, diakses dalam

www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/rev-hits-out-old-firm-2620790

(04/01/2017, 17:00 WIB).

Rivalitas Rangers-Celtics yang Melegenda, Mulai Politik Sampai Agama, diakses

melalui http://jogja.tribunnews.com/2015/02/04/rivalitas-rangers-celtics-

yang-melegenda (05/06/2016, 19:30 WIB).

Rizal Panggabean , Media Massa dan Peliputan Konflik Sektarian, diakses dalam

http://mprk.ugm.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Analisis-Juni-2014.pdf.

(06/09/2016, 21:30 WIB).

Row over religious crime figures, diakses dalam

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/6187826.stm (16/10/2016,

22:33 WIB).

Sadness and pride: Family’s grief over slain Mark, diakses dalam

https://www.thesun.co.uk/archives/news/219541/sadness-and-pride/

(09/02/2017, 07:00 WIB).

Scottish football 'a cause of sectarianism', diakses melalui

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-31552813 (26/07/2016, 22.00

WIB).

Scottish Social Attitudes Survey 2014: Public Attitudes to Sectarianism in

Scotland, diakses dalam www.gov.scot/Publications/2015/02/5330/9

(02/11/2016, 01:34 WIB).

Sectarianism ‘will not be tolerated’, diakses melalui http://www.hawick-

news.co.uk/news/local-headlines/sectarianism-will-not-be-tolerated-1-

3688839 (09/01/2017, 10:00 WIB).

Sectarianism: Action Plan on Tacking Sectarianism in Scotland, dialses dalam

http://www.gov.scot/Resource/Doc/90629/0021809.pdf (24/01/2017, 19:20

WIB).

Singing the Hokey Cokey could land football fans in sectarian bother, diakses dalam

http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/singing-the-hokey-cokey-

could-land-1002751 (231/03/2017, 20:23 WIB).

SFA could tighten fan regulations against sectarian singing, diakses dalam

http://au.eurosport.com/football/spl/2011-2012/sfa-could-tighten-fan-regulations-

against-sectarian-singing_sto4618280/story.shtml (17/10/2016, 09:10 WIB).

SFA could tighten fan regulations against sectarian singing, diakses dalam

http://www.eurosport.com/football/spl/2011-2012/sfa-could-tighten-fan-

regulations-against-sectarian-singing_sto4618280/story.shtml (24/01/2017,

19:45 WIB).

Teenage football fan stands up to Scotland's sectarian thugs, diakses dalam

https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/nov/20/teenage-football-fan-

sectarian-violence (16/11/2016, 18:35 WIB).

Ten-year-old boy hit with bottle in Old Firm violence, diakses dalam

http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/556026/Boy-10-hit-with-bottle-in-Old-

Firm-violence (26/10/2016, 23:29 WIB).

Terlalu Banyak Dimensi Terlibat, diakses dalam

http://ftp.unpad.ac.id/koran/mediaindonesia/2010-08-

10/mediaindonesia_2010-08-10_028.pdf (31/03/2017, 14:31 WIB).

The 2010-11 Scottish Football Season and its effect on political attitudes towards

sectarianism in Scotland, diakses dalam

http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/24219/1/May-A-24219.pdf (09/01/2017, 09:55

WIB).

The explosive truth of Old Firm madness, diakses dalam

http://www.irishtimes.com/sport/the-explosive-truth-of-old-firm-madness-

1.579665 (03/09/2016, 23:30 WIB).

The Founding of Celtic Football Club 1888, diakses dalam

http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/sportscotland/asportingnation/article/0003/

(24/09/2016, 02:32).

The Hokey Cokey as a hate crime, diakses dalam

http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=962 (31/03/2017, 20:40 WIB).

The Hooligans’ Deathlist: A globalsearch for accountability between accidents

and intensitions, diakses melalui http://idrottsforum.org/alsio130118/

(30/03/2016, 19:16 WIB).

The Official History of Celtic Football Club, diakses dalam

http://www.celticfc.net/news/5421?item=5421 (24/09/20176, 00:02 WIB).

The Old Firm Derby – Arivaly Built On Religion, diakses dalam

https://sporquo.com/2016/09/10/the-old-firm-a-rivalry-built-on-religion/

(09/02/2017, 07:10 WIB).

The Old Firm Obsession, diakses dalam http://www.scotzine.com/2010/11/the-

old-firm-obsession/ (09/02/2017, 08:00 WIB).

The Old Firm: Scotland’s Claim to Football Fame, diakses melalui

https://sites.duke.edu/wcwp/research-projects/scotland/the-old-firm-

scotlands-claim-to-football-fame/ (22/07/2016, 22:15 WIB).

The on-field history of Rangers Football Club 1873-2012, diakses dalam

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-15307021

(01/09/2016, 11:00 WIB).

The Prevention of Football Hooliganism: A Transnational Perspective, diakses

dalam http://www.cafyd.com/HistDeporte/htm/pdf/4-16.pdf (02/11/2016,

03:05 WIB).

The Rangers Support, diakses dalam http://rangers.co.uk/wp/wp-

content/uploads/2015/10/The-Rangers-Support-Proposal.pdf (02/11/2016,

01:03 WIB).

The Scottish Play: Celtic vs. Rangers, and what happens when a sports rivalry

gets completely out of hand, diakses dalam

http://www.slate.com/articles/sports/sports_nut/2011/03/the_scottish_play.h

tml (16/11/2016, 18:00 WIB).

Thousands pay tribute to victims of Ibrox disaster, diakses dalam

http://www.telegraph.co.7uk/news/uknews/1312971/Thousands-pay-tribute-

to-victims-of-Ibrox-disaster.html (06/10/2016, 01:32 WIB).

Tumbangnya Glasgow Rangers Si Penguasa Skotlandia, diakses dalam

http://www.cnnindonesia.com/olahraga/20150121072753-142-

26127/tumbangnya-glasgow-rangers-si-penguasa-skotlandia/ (03/09/2016,

22:00 WIB).

What is sectarianism, diakses melalui http://www.youthworkessentials.org/stand-

up-to-sectarianism/what-is-sectarianism.aspx (26/07/2016, 20.25 WIB).

Where’s Poor Paddy? The Contrasting Results of Irish Migration to Glasgow

and Liverpool, 1790-1850, diakses dalam

http://www.uoguelph.ca/~sday/pdfs/Irish.pdf (22/09/2016, 01:30 WIB).

You bottled it ref! Celtic boss Neil Lennon furious at Willie Collum as decisions

go against Bhoys, diakses melalui

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sport/football/article-1323414/You-bottled-ref-

Celtic-boss-Neil-Lennon-furious-Willie-Collum-decisions-Bhoys.html

(31/07/2016, 19:30 WIB).

Sumber Skripsi:

Falakhi, Agus Bakhron (1994) Ssosialisme Religius Di Masa Orde Baru, Skripsi.

Surabaya: Ilmu Ushuluddin, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Mufti Rizky Ramdhani Besa, 2016, Pengaruh Hooliganisme Terhadap Gaya

Hidup Suporter Sepak Bola Indonesia, Skripsi, Bandung: Jurusan Hubungan

Internasioal, Universitas Pasundan Bandung

Susy Setiawati Gusnawan, 2012, Dampak Reformasi Gereja Terhadap Kehidupan

Sosial dan Agama Masyarakat Inggris Pada Masa Pemerintahan Ratu

Elizabeth I: 1558-1603, Skripsi. Bandung: Pendidikan Sejarah, Universitas

Pendidikan Indonesia

Muarofah, Lailatul, 2014, Konflik dalam Lembaga Pendidikan : Studi Konflik

antara Dua Pengelola Madrasah di Desa Pesanggrahan Kecamatan Laren

Kabupaten Lamongan, Undergraduate thesis, Surabaya: Sosiologi, UIN

Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Sumber Film Dokumenter:

Glasgow Colors Glasgow Rangers Vs Celtic FC – Documentary, diakses dalam

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YxA5K4L45Sg (04/09/2016, 20:10

WIB).