ias 16 ontology dojo

Ontology DojoLearn how to use ontology to define your information

and supercharge your deliverables

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ONTOLOGY DOJO @info_do#ontdojo

DOJODO JITSU


What is Ontology?• Philosophical study of being and reality• “Ontology” has taken on two meanings:• Classical Ontology (a study of philosophy focused on the nature of

being)• Modern Applied Ontology (Using ontological theory to describe

things)

Ontology is a deliberate method of characterization


Who Uses Ontology?

Information Architects

Librarians/Archivists/

Taxonomists

Philosophers Investigators/Law Enforcement

Geographers


History of Ontology

ParmenidesPlato &

Tom GruberJean Paul Sartre

Study of Existence Concrete vs Abstract Applied


From Classical to Modern Applied Ontology

• Describe things and their relationships to other things

• Model and document things• Facilitate finding things

Prove and describe existence of things.

Classical Modern


What is Modern “Applied Ontology”

• The description of a subject (The Ontology of…)• A methodology to incorporate into other practices• A set of tools to describe things and relationships


The bits and pieces of ontology

Objects Predicates Attributes

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Domains Class


Limits must be placed on what is examined

“The ontology of…”

Domains


Ontology IA/UX Comp Sci Business Library Science BOLODomain Scope Domain Scope • Subject

• Topic• Verticals• Stove Pipes

Domains


Broad Narrow

Build

Borrow

USA

GE

TOPIC SCOPE

ANTIDEPRESSANTS

WALMARTINVENTORY

Healthcare

$ Finance

MICHIGAN WINES

Domains


Objects

The difference between nothing and being


Ontology IA/UX Comp Sci Business Library Science

BOLO

• Being• Object

• Object• Artifact

• Object• Entity• Vertex

EntityObjectArtifact

• Object• Artifact

• Nouns• Product• Things• Concepts

Objects


Objects

• Interactions• Organization

• Life Cycle• Ownership

• Identification• Attributes

• Concrete• Abstract

Type Description

RelationshipsGovernance


Concrete

• Does not have to be something you “touch”• Concrete objects can take action• Adheres to the laws of physics• Much easier to communicate and describe to

others

Objects


Abstract

• May have to “invent” physics• Harder to describe due to perspective• May not be able to take action• Often reuse terms and concepts we are

familiar with.

Objects


On the edges

• Virtual objects can be hard to categorize• May be a matter of perspective• Interaction between abstract and concrete

objects can be interesting

Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

Objects


The actions among things

Predicates


Ontology IA/UX Comp Sci Business Library Science BOLO

• Predicate• Link

• Relationship• Link

• Predicate• Edge



• Rule• Constraint

Predicates


Ben reads bookthe

Action of one object on another

Predicates


HyponymHypernym

MeronymHolonym

Synonym Antinym

General Specific

Whole Part

Like Different

Predicates


IS A TYPE OF

Animal

Invertebrate

Insect

Crustacean

Vertebrate

Mammal

Reptile

Uses• Taxonomies• Card Sorting• Affinity Diagrams• Concept Map

Hypernym

Hyponym

Predicates


IS PART OF

Uses• Site Map• Content Inventory• Vin Diagram• Card Sort• Concept Map• Affinity Diagram

Meronym

Meronym

Meronym

Holonym

Predicates


IS PART OF

Example Part Type(1) The handle is part of the mug. Physical(2) The remote control is part of the stereo system. Collection(3) The left half is your part of the cake. Portion(4) The cutlery is part of the tableware. Set(5) The contents of this bag is only part of what I

bought. Unrelated Collection

(6) That area is part of the living room. Spatial(7) The outermost points are part of the perimeter. Location(8) The first act was the best part of the play. Temporal

Different Types of Parts

Predicates


IS LIKE

Uses• Thesaurus• Controlled

Vocabulary• Card Sort• Concept Map• Affinity Diagram

Predicates


TAXONOMIES

CONCEPT MAPS

SITE MAPS

AFFINITY MAPPING/CARD SORTS

Look for the lines

PredicatesPredicates are Everywhere


Ben reads bookthebuysowns

PredicatesOther Predicates

• Try to use predefined/ established predicates• May have to create abstract

objects• Make a legend/directory of your

predicates

Tammy PezFriend of

Tammy Pez

Friend-ship

Is a part of Is a

part

of

Is a Type ofIs a Part of

Is LikeIs not Like

Is a Type ofIs a Part of

Is LikeIs not LikePurchasesReviewsCreates

PredicatesOther Predicates


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“Metadata liberates us, liberates knowledge.”

David Weinberger

Attributes


Ontology IA/UX Comp Sci Business Library Science BOLOAttributes • Attributes

• Metadata• Attributes• Properties• Metadata

• Metadata• Properties

• Metadata • Characteristics• Descriptor• Descriptive data• Associative data

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Attributes

• Captures characteristics• Almost endless data points can

be captured…know the scope of your project• Attributes/Metadata has evolved

tremendously over past 20 years

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Make: MG

Model: TD Midget

Body Style: Convertible

Color: Lt Brown

Era: Vintage

Make: MG

Model: TD Midget

Height: 53”

Length: 145”

Width: 59”

Make: MG

Model: TD Midget

Website: www.mg.co.uk

Description: The MG T series is a range of body-on-frame convertible sports cars that were…

Video:

Attributes

http://www.mg.co.uk/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body-on-frame

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convertible_(car)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_car

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UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS

ID EVERYTHINGObjects

Predicates

Classes

Metadata

DeliverablesNotes

Clients

Attributes

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UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS

Prefix Object Type

OBJ General Object

PSN Persona

TAX Taxonomy

PRD Predicate

OBJ-38 TAX-04

Attributes


Ontology IA/UX Comp Sci Business Library Science BOLOClass • Class

• Group• Collection• Category

• Class• Group• Collection

• Class• Group• Collection• Category

• Class • Schema• Taxon

Classes


• When several object share one or more non-identifying attributes, they may makeup a class• Sales Manager is the class

in the example• The more attributes that

match, the more specific the class (North American Sales Manager

NAME: Alan Moore

OCCUPATION: Sales Manager

LOCATION: North America

SALARY: $88,000

NAME: Sara Whatley


LOCATION: South America

SALARY: $93,000

NAME: Torey Joliet


LOCATION: North America

SALARY: $82,000

Classes


• Allows to group similar objects together and then treat the collection of the objects as an object itself• Classes can have

metadata that applies to all objects in the class

Pants

Shirts

Tools

• Inseam• Waist

• Neck• Sleeve

• Dimensions• Material

Classes


“To be or not to be”

“I think therefore I am”

“The definition of ‘is,’ is”

Class/Predicate/Attribute Pitfalls


Mammal

Is a type of

A Cat Maria

Mammal

Is a type ofClassInstance

Is a



Product

Clothes

Pants Shirts

North Face Solar Plaid

Tools

Hand

Hammer

Craftsman Power Impact

Power



Organization

Corporate Offices

Divisions

Branches

HR

Legal

Finance

Sections Teams

Offices

Field Offices

Franchises



Is a Part ofIs a Type of

HEIARCHIES (TAXONOMIES, SITE MAPS, AFFINITY DIAGRAMS)

Object

Object Object Object Object

ObjectObject

Object

Predicates(Is a Type of)(Is a Part of)

• Try to use one predicate type per diagram

• Mix predicates vertically

Deliverables


PERSONAS (ORGANAS, SPEC SHEETS….)

SusanThe Administrator

Location: Apps:

iControl

NetView

HRBase

Basic Intranet

Admin Stats~~~: xxxxxxx~~~: xxxx~~~: xxxxx

Description:Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam suscipit lacus sit amet eros vehicula sagittis. In in sapien turpis. Donec risus nisi, bibendum id tristique non, rutrum vitae.

Availability:

ContentKnowledge:

Training:

Investment:

P-12.AB20

Deliverables


SusanThe Administrator

Location: Apps:

iControl

NetView

HRBase

Basic Intranet

Admin Stats~~~: xxxxxxx~~~: xxxx~~~: xxxxx

Description:Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nullam suscipit lacus sit amet eros vehicula sagittis. In in sapien turpis. Donec risus nisi, bibendum id tristique non, rutrum vitae.

Availability:

ContentKnowledge:

Training:

Investment:

P-12.AB20

CLASS GLOBAL METADATA

CLASS METADATA

ID

PERSONAS (ORGANAS, SPEC SHEETS….)Deliverables


CONCEPT MAPS

Title (Domain)

Is a Part ofIs a Type ofUses

ObjectObject

Object

Object

ObjectPredicate

Predicate

Predicate

Predicate

Predicate

Attributes

Attributes

Attributes

Attributes

Attributes

Class

Deliverables


Title (Domain)

Is a Part ofIs a Type of

Uses

ObjectObject

Object

Object

ObjectSystem Tools

Administrator

AnchorageOffice

iControl

XYZ Corp’s Intranet

HRBase

NetViewClass

Personnel

(Persona)

(Taxonomy)

(UI Wireframe)P-12.AB20

CONCEPT MAPS—TYING IT ALL TOGETHERDeliverables


Low Fidelity• Initial Design• Rapid Design• Presentation

Sketching Tools Sticky Notes/Paper Listing Tools

Tools and Technologies


High Fidelity• Capture Metadata/Predicates/Classes• Actionable ( Development Ready) Designs• Record Keeping

Mind Mapping

CAD



• Extensible Markup Language (XML)• Unified Modeling Language (UML)• Ontological Web Language (OWL)• Resource Description Framework (RDF)



Ready to go out and

CLASS

First Day at Ontology Dojo


• The Accidental Taxonomist by Heather Hedden• OWL: Representing Information Using the Web Ontology Language by

Lee Lacy• Modeling Business Objects with XML Schema by Berthhold Daum• Being and Nothingness by Jean-Paul Sartre• Study of Mereology (parthood): http

://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mereology/ • National Center for Ontological Research NCOR: https

://ubwp.buffalo.edu/ncor/

Sources and Material

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mereology/



https://ubwp.buffalo.edu/ncor/




CopyrightThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/.

ias 16 ontology dojo

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