KARYA TULIS AKHIR

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERSONAL HYGIENE DAN HOUSEHOLD

SANITARY TERHADAP INFEKSI Enterobius vermicularis (Enterobiasis)

SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN BAHRUL MAGHFIROH MALANG

Oleh:

Danis Pratama Sutrisno

201510330311144

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

2019

i

HASIL PENELITIAN

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERSONAL HYGIENE DAN HOUSEHOLD

SANITARY TERHADAP INFEKSI Enterobius vermicularis (Enterobiasis)

SANTRI PONDOK PESANTREN BAHRUL MAGHFIROH MALANG

KARYA TULIS AKHIR

Diajukan kepada

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan

dalam Menyelesaikan Program Sarjana

Fakultas Kedokteran

Oleh :

Danis Pratama Sutrisno

201510330311144

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2019

ii

iii

iv

v

KATA PENGANTAR

Bismillahirahmanirrahim. Assalammualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatu.

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT karena atas rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, penulisan

tugas akhir ini dapat diselesaikan dengan baik. Shalawat serta salam selalu

tercurahkan kepada Rasulullah Muhammad Shalallahu Alaihi Wasallam, keluarga,

para sahabat, dan pengikut beliau yang telah membawa dunia ini dari zaman

kegelapan menuju zaman terang – benerang.

Penelitian dalam tugas akhir ini “Hubungan antara Personal Hygiene dan

Household Sanitary terhadap Infeksi Enterobius vermicularis (Enterobiasis) Santri

Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh Malang” Tugas akhir ini diajukan untuk

memenuhi persyaratan Pendidikan Sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang.

Pada kesempatan ini, penulis menyampaikan terimakasih yang sebesar-

besarnya kepada:

1. Dr. dr. Meddy Setiawan, Sp. PD, FINASIM selaku Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang atas ilmu dan bimbingannya selama di FK

UMM.

2. dr. Moch Ma’roef, Sp. OG selaku Wakil Dekan I Fakultas Kedokteran

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang atas ilmu keagamaan yang sangat

bermanfaat bagi mahasiswa FK UMM.

3. dr. Sri Adilla Nurainiwati, Sp. KK selaku Wakil Dekan II Fakultas Kedokteran

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dan selaku pembimbing kedua atas

kesabaran, kebaikan hati, kesediaan waktu dan ketekunan dalam membimbing

sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan tugas akhir ini.

vi

4. dr. Indra Setiawan, Sp. THT-KL selaku Wakil Dekan III Fakultas Kedokteran

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang atas motivasi – motivasi penting yang

telah diberikan untuk membangun semangat mahasiswa FK UMM.

5. Prof. dr. Hj. Soebaktiningsih, DTM&H, M.Sc, Sp. Park, selaku pembimbing

pertama, atas bimbingan ilmu, kesabaran, kebaikan hati, kesediaan waktu, kasih

sayang, dan semangatnya dalam penyusunan tugas akhir ini sehingga penulis

dapat menyelesaikan penelitian ini dengan baik.

6. dr. Hawin Nurdiana, M. Kes, Sp A selaku penguji tugas akhir penulis, yang

telah memberi saran yang sangat bermanfaat, ilmu, dan kesediaan waktu dalam

pengerjaan tugas akhir.

7. MEARS (Medical and Health Research), dr. Gita Sekar Prihanti, MPD.Ked

selaku komisi ilmiah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang.

8. Staff Laboratorium Biomedik, Bapak Drs. Joko Trisilo Wahono, Mbak

Patmawati, S.Pd, Bapak Husnan, S.P, Mas Nyono Putra Rusman, S. Pd dan Mas

Miftachurohman, Amd. Kim yang telah membantu penulis dalam pelaksanaan

penelitian.

9. Staff Tata Usaha, Ibu Hj. Sri Endah P., Mbak Nuke Yuni Astari, S.E, Mbak

Citra Lestari, S. Ikom, Bapak H. Suyono, Mas Joko Febriantoro, S. Ikom, Mas

Fahrur Rasyidi, S.Pd, Pak M. Heriyanto, dan Mas Burhanudin Jauhari, S.E

yang telah membantu administrasi penulis dalam menyelesaikan KTA.

vii

10. Yang tercinta, Papa Brian Arianto dan Mama Anisa Hodijah, terima kasih atas

doa, kasih sayang, motivasi, semangat, dan dukungannya dalam hal ilmu dan

finansial selama ini, Adik kecil tersayang Devanis Dwi Sutrisno terima kasih

atas semangat dan masukan-masukan kecil dalam setiap momen yang dilewati.

11. Teman - teman penelitian Boban Bayu Aji, Muhammad Nurul Jadid, Sefila

Agus Setyaningrum, Satrio Wicaksono dan Aditya Mahendra atas bantuan dan

kerja samanya dalam proses penelitian.

12. Sahabat terdekat, Sacred Seven, yang telah memberikan bantuan, dukungan,

saran dan selalu menanyakan kabar selama masa perkuliahan dan penyusunan

tugas akhir.

13. Teman – teman sejawat Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang angkatan 2015 (Metacarpal-15) atas canda tawa, dukungan, dan

bantuan selama di FK UMM.

14. Teman - teman Kopituju, Pak Eldon Andrianus, Michelle Febriana, Agus

Kurniawan, Yolanda Santoso, Praesidhi Caesa Permana, Oky, Arvendo

Hildandy, Medy Syari, Aldi, Violea Shandra, Firman Pedok, Leandro Hogis,

Agung Marlo atas canda tawa, dukungan, dan bantuan selama penyusunan tugas

akhir.

15. Semua pihak yang turut membantu dalam menyelesaikan karya tulis ini juga

mendoakan demi suksesnya karya tulis ini yang tidak bisa penulis sebutkan

satu-persatu.

viii

Penulis menyadari tugas akhir ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna, oleh karena itu,

penulis sangat mengharapkan saran dan masukan yang membangun. Semoga karya

tulis ini dapat menambah wawasan ilmu dan bermanfaat bagi semua pihak.

Wassalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatu

Malang, 7 Agustus 2019

Penulis

ix

ABSTRAK

Danis Pratama. 2019, “Hubungan antara Personal Hygiene dan Household Sanitary

terhadap Infeksi Enterobius vermicularis (Enterobiasis) Santri Pondok

Pesantren Bahrul Mahgfiroh Malang” Tugas Akhir Fakultas Kedokteran,

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Pembimbing (I)

Prof.dr.Hj.Soebaktiningsih, DTM&H.MSc., SpParK , Pembimbing (II) dr

Sri Adila Nurainiwati Sp. KK.

Latar belakang: Enterobius vermicularis merupakan penyebab cacingan pada

anak-anak yang disebabkan buruknya personal hygiene dan household sanitary.

Asrama Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh berpotensi menjadi tempat

penyebaran infeksi Enterobius vermicularis karena dihuni oleh banyak santri.

Tujuan: Membuktikan adanya hubungan antara personal hygiene dan household

sanitary terhadap infeksi Enterobius vermicularis santri Pondok Pesantren Bahrul

Maghfiroh.

Metode: Observational analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel yang

digunakan adalah santri laki-laki Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh.

Pemeriksaan perianal-swab test dan potong kuku dilakukan untuk menemukan

telur Enterobius vermicularis. Identifikasi potongan kuku jari tangan dicuci dahulu

menggunakan 1 tetes sabun cair dan 5 cc alkohol 70%, dikocok 1 menit dengan

vortex, dicentrifuge 7 menit dengan kecepatan 1500 rpm, dilakukan direct smear

dan flotation pada endapan hasil centrifuge. Analisis data menggunakan Chi-

Square Test.

Hasil Penelitian dan Diskusi: Santri laki-laki Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh

yang terinfeksi cacing Enterobius vermicularis sebanyak 18 santri (13,7%) dari

total responden sebanyak 131 santri. Santri dengan personal hygiene buruk yang

terinfeksi Enterobius vermicularis sebanyak 8 santri (28,6%) dan santri dengan

household sanitary buruk yang terinfeksi Enterobius vermicularis sebanyak 8 santri

(36,4%), masing-masing memiliki nilai signifikansi 0,025 dan 0,003 yang lebih

kecil dari alpha 0,05.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara personal hygiene dan

household sanitary terhadap infeksi Enterobius vermicularis santri Pondok

Pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh Malang.

Kata Kunci: Enterobius vermicularis, Personal Hygiene, Household Sanitary,

Santri Pondok Pesantren.

x

ABSTRACT

Danis Pratama. 2019, “Correlation Between Personal Hygiene and Household

Sanitary against Enterobius vermicularis Infection in Pondok Pesantren Bahrul

Maghfiroh Malang Students” Final Project of Faculty of Medicine, University of

Muhammadiyah Malang. Advisor (I) Prof.dr.Hj.Soebaktiningsih, DTM&H.MSc.,

SpParK , Advisor (II) dr Sri Adila Nurainiwati Sp. KK.

Background: Enterobius vermicularis is worms infection on the children, caused

by bad personal hygiene and household sanitary. Dormitory Pondok Pesantren

Bahrul Maghfiroh are potential spreading place of Enterobius vermicularis

infections because occupied by too many students;;.

Purpose: To prove the correlation between personal hygiene and household

sanitary against Enterobius vermicularis infection in students of Pondok Pesantren

Bahrul Maghfiroh Malang.

Methode: Observational analitic with cross sectional approach. The samples used

were male students of Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh. Perianal-swab test

examination and fingernail cutting were used to find the eggs of Enterobius

vermicularis. Fingernail specimens were washed with a drop of liquid soap and 5cc

70% alcohol, mixed for 1 minute using vortex, centrifuged with 1500rpm for 7

minutes, direct smear and flotation method were done to the sediment after the

centrifuge. Data analysed by Chi Square Test.

Result of Research and Discussion: Male students of Pondok Pesantren Bahrul

Maghfiroh infected by Enterobius vermicularis were 18 students (13,7%) from the

total respondents of 131 male students. Students with bad personal hygiene infected

by Enterobius vermicularis were 8 students (28,6%) and students with bad

household sanitary infected by Enterobius vermicularis were 8 students (36,4%),

each of them have a significance score of 0,025 and 0,003 lower than alpha 0,05.

Conclusion: There are significant correlation between personal hygiene and

household sanitary against Enterobius vermicularis infection in Pondok Pesantren

Bahrul Maghfiroh Malang Students.

Keywords: Enterobius vermicularis, Personal Hygiene, Household Sanitary,

Pondok Pesantren Students.

xi

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................... i

HALAMAN LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ........................................................... ii

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ................................................ iii

HALAMAN LEMBAR PENGUJIAN ................................................................ iv

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ v

ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... ix

ABSTRACK ....................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xv

DAFTAR GAMBAR ..........................................................................................xvi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ....................................................................................xvii

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1

1.1. Latar Belakang ................................................................................. 1

1.2. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................ 3

1.3. Tujuan Penelitian.............................................................................. 3

1.3.1. Tujuan Umum ....................................................................... 3

1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus ...................................................................... 3

1.4. Manfaat Penelitian............................................................................ 3

1.4.1. Manfaat Akademik ............................................................... 3

1.4.2. Manfaat Klinis ...................................................................... 4

1.4.3. Manfaat Masyarakat ............................................................. 4

xii

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................... 5

2.1. Enterobius vermicularis ................................................................... 5

2.1.1. Taksonomi Enterobius vermicularis .................................... 5

2.1.2. Distribusi Geografis Enterobius vermicularis ...................... 5

2.1.3. Morfologi Enterobius vermicularis ...................................... 6

2.1.3.1. Telur ....................................................................... 6

2.1.3.2. Cacing Dewasa ....................................................... 6

2.1.4. Siklus Hidup ......................................................................... 7

2.1.5. Patogenesis ........................................................................... 8

2.1.6. Diagnosis .............................................................................. 9

2.1.7. Terapi .................................................................................... 10

2.1.8. Faktor Resiko ....................................................................... 10

2.1.9. Pencegahan ........................................................................... 12

2.2. Personal Hygiene ............................................................................. 13

2.2.1. Household Sanitary .............................................................. 13

2.2.2. Personal Hygiene ................................................................. 14

2.3. Pondok Pesantren ............................................................................. 15

2.3.1. Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh Malang ...................... 15

BAB 3 KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS PENELITIAN ........ 17

3.1. Kerangka Konseptual ....................................................................... 17

3.2. Hipotesis Penelitian .......................................................................... 18

BAB 4 METODE PENELITIAN........................................................................ 19

4.1. Jenis Penelitian ................................................................................. 19

4.2. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian............................................................ 19

xiii

4.3. Populasi dan Sampel ........................................................................ 19

4.3.1. Populasi ................................................................................ 19

4.3.2. Sampel .................................................................................. 19

4.3.3. Besar Sampel ........................................................................ 19

4.3.4. Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ................................................ 20

4.3.5. Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian ........................................... 20

4.3.6. Variabel Penelitian ............................................................... 20

4.3.6.1. Variabel Independen ............................................ 20

4.3.6.2. Variabel Dependen .............................................. 20

4.3.7. Definisi Operasional Variabel .............................................. 21

4.4. Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ................................................................ 22

4.5. Prosedur Pengumpulan Data ............................................................ 24

4.5.1. Kuesioner .............................................................................. 25

4.5.2. Metode Peri-anal Swab ........................................................ 26

4.5.3. Metode Potong Kuku ............................................................ 26

4.5.4. Metode Direct Smear ........................................................... 27

4.5.5. Metode Flotation .................................................................. 28

4.6. Alur Kerja Penelitian ........................................................................ 29

4.7. Analisa Data ..................................................................................... 29

BAB 5 HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISIS DATA ................................... 31

5.1. Hasil Penelitian ................................................................................ 32

5.2. Analisis Data .................................................................................... 36

BAB 6 PEMBAHASAN ..................................................................................... 38

BAB 7 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............................................................. 43

xiv

7.1. Kesimpulan....................................................................................... 43

7.2. Saran ................................................................................................. 43

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 45

LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................ 48

xv

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 5.1 Kualitas personal hygiene santri Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh

Malang................................................................................................................. 30

Tabel 5.2 Kualitas household sanitary santri Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh

Malang................................................................................................................. 31

Tabel 5.3 Tabulasi silang kualitas personal hygiene dengan infeksi Enterobius

vermicularis ........................................................................................................ 32

Tabel 5.4 Tabulasi silang kualitas household sanitary dengan infeksi Enterobius

vermicularis ........................................................................................................ 33

Tabel 5.5 Hasil uji chi square personal hygiene dan infeksi Enterobius vermicularis

............................................................................................................................. 34

Tabel 5.6 Hasil uji chi square household sanitary dan infeksi Enterobius

vermicularis ........................................................................................................ 35

xvi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar Halaman

2.1 Stadium Telur E. vermicularis ...................................................................... 6

2.2 Stadium Dewasa E. vermicularis .................................................................. 7

2.3 Siklus Hidup E. vermicularis ........................................................................ 8

2.4 Kondisi Asrama Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Maghfiroh ................................. 16

3.1 Kerangka Konseptual Penelitian ................................................................... 17

4.1 Peri-anal swab test ........................................................................................ 25

4.2 Alur Penelitian .............................................................................................. 28

xvii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

WHO : World Health Organisation

CDC : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

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