histo awal
TRANSCRIPT
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HISTOLOGI
Disusun Oleh : Dr.H.R.KOENTJORO SOELEMAN INTRODUCTION :
HISTOS ( GREEK ) : TISSUE ( JARINGAN )LOGIA : KNOWLEDGE
( ILMU PENGETAHUAN )
ANATOMI
1. GROOSS ANATOMY
MEMPELAJARI STRUKTUR ANIMAL BODY DENGANMEMPELAJARI YANG TAMPAK DENGAN MATA BIASA.
2. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMI :
MEMPELAJARI STRUKTUR ANIMAL BODY DENGANMENGGUNAKAN MICROSCOPE .
HISTOLOGI :
1. HISTOLOGI 1 CYTOLOGY : MEMPELAJARI SEL
HISTOLOGI : MEMPELAJARI JARINGAN
2. HISTOLOGI 2
ORGANOLOGY : MEMPELAJARI ORGAN
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TISSUE TERDIRI DARI
CELLS
INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCES
BODY FLUIDS
PRIMARY TISSUE EPITHELIAL TISSUE
CONECTIVE TISSUE
MUSCLE TISSUE
NERVOUS TISSUE
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METHODOLOGY
1. TIPE MICROSCOPE YANG DIPAKAI
2, PREPARATION OF THE TISSUE ATAU ORGAN YANGDAPAT DIPERIKSA DENGAN MICROSCOPE
MICROSCOPY
KLASIFIKASI TERGANTUNG PADA JENIS SUMBER SINAR YANG DI PAKAI :
1. VISIBLE LIGHT :
LIGHT MICROSCOPE ( L. M )
POLARIZATION MICROSCOPE
PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE
INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPE DARK FIELD MICROSCOPE
2. NON VISIBLE LIGHT :
ULTRA VIOLET MICROSCOPE
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
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LIGHT MICROSCOPE ( L. M)
MENGGUNAKAN :
a) OCULAR LENS ( 10 x )
b) OBJECTIVE LENS 10 x 25 x 40 X
100 x ( OIL IMERSION OBJECTIVE )c) CONDENSATOR LENS
MAXIMAL MAGNIFICATION : 1500 x
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ELECTRON MICROSCOPE ( E. M )
2 JENIS :
1. TRANSMISSION EM.
2. SCANNING EM.
HASIL NYA DISEBUT :
FINE STRUCTURE ATAU ULTRA STRUCTUR E : GOLGI APPARATUS
MAXIMAL MAGNIFICATION: 400.000 x MITICHONDARIACENTRIOLEENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUMLYSOSOME
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PREPARATION OF TISSUE
1. METHODS DIRECT OBSERVATION OF LIVING
CELLS2. METHODS EMPLOYED WITH DEAD CELLS
( FIXED OR PRESERVED ), PERMANENT FIXEDAND STAIN PREPARATION OF TISSUES AND
ORGANS .OBSERVATION OF LIVING TISSUES :
UNICELLULAR ORGANISM : FREE CELLS
a) → TISSUE CULTURE
b) HUMAN BLOODS CELLS→ IN THIN FILM
c) STAINING METHODS TO LIVING ANIMAL OR TOSURVIVING CELLS :
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1. VITAL STAINING DYES THAT NOT HARMFUL ARE INJECTED INTO
THE LIVING ANIMAL
CONTOH : TRYPAN BLUE : UNTUK MELIHAT
AKTIVITAS PHOGOCYTOSIS DARI MACROPHAGE
.2. SUPRAVITAL STAINING
• MENAMBAHKAN BAHAN CAT KE MEDIUM DARI
CEL YANG SEBELUMNYA DIAMBIL DARI
ORGANISME .CONTOH ;
MITOCHONDRIA DENGAN JENIS GREEN
LYSOSOMES DENGAN NEUTRAL RED
NERVE FIBERS DENGAN METHYLENE BLUE
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PREPARATION OF DEAD TISSUES
1. REMOVE OF THE SPECIMEN
DIAMBIL SESUDAH BINATANG MATI
AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
VERY SHARP KNIFE
2. FIXATION ;
TUJUAN :
•TO PRESERVE PROTOPLASMA
•TO AVOID TISSUE DIGESTION
BY ENZYMES ( AUTOLYSIS )
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FIXATION AGENTS
FORMALIN ALCOHOL
MERCURIC BICHLORIDE
PICRID ACID , AGETIL ACID ,OSMIC ACID \
BOUIN’S FLUID : ZENKER’S FLUID
3. DEHIDRATION
• BY PASSING THROUGHINCREASING STRENGHT OF
ETHYL .ALCOHOL
( MENCUCI FIXATIVE AGENT )
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4. CLEARING
TUJUAN :
WASHED ,TO REMOVE
EXCESS DEHYDRATED AGENT
CLARING AGENT :
XYLOL
CHLOROFORMBENSENE
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5. EMBEDDING
TUJUAN :
TO PROVIDE RIGID SUPPORT TO THETISSUE BLOCK MAY BE CUT INTO THIN
SECTIONEMBEDDING AGENTS :
MELTED PARAFFIN OR CELOIDIN
THE TISSUE IS INFILTRATED WITH THEEMBEDDING AGENTS→TISSUE BLOCK →SECTIONED WITH MICROTOME
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6. SECTIONING
THE HARDENED PARAFFIN BLOCK CONTAINING
THE EMBEDDED TISSUE IS TRIMMED,INTO
THE FORM OF BLOCK →MOUNTED ON A
MICROTOME.
CUT BY THE STEEL BLADE OF THE MICRO
TOME TO A THICKNESS: 3- 10 um
EACH SECTION IS TRANSFERED TO A
GLASS ( MICROSCOPIC SLIDE )
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7. STAINING
TUJUAN :
TO ENHANCE NATURAL CONTRAST AND TOMAKE MORE EVIDENT VARIOUS CELL AND
TISSUE COMPONENS.REMOVE THE PARAFFINE SECTION BY
PLACING IN PARAFFIN SOLVENT,( XYLOLOR TOLUOL )
PRIOR TO STAINING ,THE SECTIONS ISPASSED THROUGH DESCENDINGSTRENGTHS OF ALCOHOL .
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8. MOUNTING
EXCESS DYE IS REMOVED BY
WASHING
WITH WATER OR ALCOHOL
REMOVAL OF CLEARING AGENTS BY
A DROP OF CANADA BALSAM
COVERED WITH A COVERING SLIP
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STAINS
1. BASOPHIL : JARINGAN ATAU SEL
YANG DAPAT MENYERAP BASIC
DYE
CONTOH : NUCLEIL ACID OF THE
NUCLEUS RNA
2. ACIDOPHIL: JARINGAN / SEL YANGDAPAT MENYERAP ACID DYE
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BASIC DYE
• HAEMATOXYLINE
• IRON HAEMATOXYLINE
• TOLUIDINE BLUE • METHYLENE BLUE
• METHYL GREEN
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NON TOXIC DYES
BRILIANT CRESYL BLUE
• NEUTRAL RED
• JANUS GREEN
STAIN METACHORMATICALLY :
WILL TAKE ON A COLOR DIFFERENTFROM THAT OF THE DYE EMPLOYED
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METACHORMATICALLY STAINING
MUCINMATRIX OF CARTILAGE
GRANULES OF MAST CELLS
COMBINATION :
BASIC DYE AND ACID DYE
HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN ( HE )
NUCCLEAR STRUCTURE : BLUE OR DARK
PURPLE ALL CYTOPLASMIC STRUCTUREAND INTER CELLULAR SUBTANCES :PINK
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SPECIAL STAINING
1. ELASTIC FIBER: • VvG
• ORCEIN
• RESORCIN FUCHSIN
2. RETICULAR FIBER:• IMPREGNASI Ag 3. LEMAK • SUDAN III
• INDIAN INK • OSMIC ACID
THE EXAMINATION AND INTERPRETATION OFSECTIONS
ONLY TWO DIMENSIONS ( NO DEPTH )
SEVERAL SECTIONS TAKES IN DEFFERENTPLANES
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ARTIFACTS
NOT ALL SECTION ARE PERFECT1. SHRINKAGE
2. PRECIPITATES
3. FOLDS AND WRINGKLES
4. DEFECT IN THE ,MICROTOME KNIFE
5. ROUGH HANDLING
• MUTILATION OF THE TISSUE
6. POST MORTEM DEGENERATION
DIGESTION BY EMZIM PRESENT IN THE
TISSUE