etika moral murdani.pdf

7/26/2019 Etika Moral murdani.pdf

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Etika Moral

Moral EthicsMurdani Abdullah


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Jenazah siswi SMP ditemukan di sawah dekat perumahan

mewah di Bandung (dono)BANDUNG (Pos Kota) Siswi SMP Negeri di Bandung,Pricil,15, tewas dibantai siswa SMPN juga di Bandungberinisial SF,13, Senin (31/8). Korban menghembuskan

nafasnya di sawah setelah tersangka menghantamkepalanya dua kali menggunakan palu alias martil.

Aksi sadis yang dilakukan dekat perumahan elite GrandSharon, Bandung sempat, membuat warga geger danberdatangan ke lokasi kejadian. Saat ditemukan mayatkorban tergeletak di sawah dan kepalanya luka serta

bersimbah darah.


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Definition

Morals---our interpretation of right and wrong.

Morals Help us distinguish good conduct from bad in

ourselves and others.

Merriam-Webster: "moral," the relevant one being"conforming to a standard of right behavior."


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Who Decides? Where do morals come from and who gets to

decide what's right and wrong?

The answer to that question largely depends on the society and

the region.

Some areas are steeped in religious beliefs deriving their moralsfrom their religion

Once morals are accepted by society, theybecome an unwritten code of ethics. Morals deemed normal for one society can seem

outrageous to another.


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Types of Ethics Why the term moral ethics?

What other kinds of ethics exist? Different way of looking at ethics.

Some study ethics from a normative view.

This approach looks at moral standards based onconsequences, establishing right from wrong by theoutcome.

Other ethical theories are Metaethics, which studiesthe origin of ethical principles, and Applied Ethics,

which studies specific societal issues like abortion and

the environment.


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Use in Daily Life

Without giving it a thought, morals touch every

part of our lives

From a very young age, humans rely on morals.

Humans don't always adhere to established ethics. Crimes are a good example of morals gone bad---when desire overrides good decisions.


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Ethics are not

Ethics is not the same as feelings

Ethics is not religion Ethics is not following the law Ethics is not following culturally accepted

norms

Ethics is not science


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Ethics are

Moral Principles

What is good and bad What is right and wrong Based on value system

Ethical norms are not universal dependson the sub culture of the society


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ethics refers to standards of behavior thattell us how human beings ought to act inthe many situations in which they findthemselves

as friends, parents, children, citizens,

businesspeople, teachers, professionals, andso on.


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Where Does Ethics

Come From?

Tradition: Thats the way its always been.

Authority: Thats the way I was taught todo it.

Reason: Thats the way reality determineswe ought to behave.


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The Future of Moral

Ethics The state of moral ethics greatly depends on whom

you ask.

Some researchers will declare morals to be in astate of crisis while others will say they're making acome back.

One thing is obvious, as society changes, ethicschange.

Future generations will develop their own ethicalchanges as the world changes around them.


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Sa'di from Shiraz

the famous oet What makes a human body honorable is his soul;

beautiful garment does not make a man;

If eyes, tongues, ears and noses made a man; Thenwhat would the difference be between a man and apainting on the wall;

Be truly a man, or else you would be a bird talkinghuman language;

If you could eliminate your fierce nature you wouldlive a human life all life-long


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What Is Ethics?

According to the Islamic scholars,

Ethics includes all human traits which are

brought about either by

heredity

environment

which make up ones personality influencingones deeds, conducts thoughts and speech.


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Raghib

"Khalq" (creation) refers to superficialconfigurations which are observable withnaked eyes

"Khulq" (human traits) refers to theinternal powers and innate goodnesswhich are only observable with the hearts.


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Imam Ali (as) has said:

"Khulq refers to the soul,

khalq refers to the body


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As the bodies are different among people; some arebeautiful, and some are ugly, the souls are different

as well; some are nice, others are inhuman. In the final analysis, the structure of human body

relies on the rules of creation, which are beyondhumans to tamper with; whereas our behaviors andtraits are for the most part learned and are formedthrough hardships.


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Ibn Miskawayh

in Taharat al-A'raq Khulq is one of the traits of human self which

entices man to carry out his daily affairs withoutthinking.

Two types:

Some part of it is natural and rests on the human nature. An example iswhen a man becomes furious over minor things or fears insignificantevents or becomes happy or depressed.

The other part of it relies on our customs and practices. This part at firstrested, no doubt, on thought but later, due to practice and repetition

takes on a habitual status; then it works with no thought at all


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The Need For Ethics In Life

In order for a man to enjoy all his instincts and wishesto a logical degree, to live at peace with others and toattain prosperity both here and in the hereafter, he has

to observe ethical standards. The advancements and degenerations of human

societies do not depend solely on sciences and materialprogress. Rather, it is the observation of these ethicalstandards which bring about either prosperity or fall ofsuch societies. The poet says:

Ethics keeps the human race alive; a tribe of humanity

which lacks ethics is doomed to die.


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"!"#!$%"& '(") "*!"+',"-".!"#!$/"0 '(")"1"2'3"45',"-"

He will indeed be successful who purifiesit (the soul) and he will indeed fail whocorrupts it Quran 91:9.

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And most surely you conform (yourself)to sublime morality Quran 68:4.


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Conclusion

Ethics is a set of moral principles and a code

for behavior that govern an individuals actionswith other individuals and within society.

Morality is what people believe to be right and

good, while ethics is a critical reflection aboutmorality.


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Contemporary Ethical Issues

Informing patients of errorsProfiting from company ownershipLying to insurance companies

Crossing interpersonal boundariesAccepting gifts from industryTelling the truth to terminally ill patientsGaming transplant list to gain priorityResponsibilities to medically indigentAdvertising of favorable outcome statisticsMaking decisions at the end of life

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