Download - SISTEM ENDOKRIN
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SISTEM ENDOKRIN
JONI SUSANTO, dr.M.Kes.
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DEFINISIDEFINISI
Suatu sistem yg melibatkan hormon dan sistem sirkulasi dalam tugasnya.
KELENJAR KELENJAR ENDOKRINENDOKRIN HORMONHORMON SIRKULASISIRKULASI
TARGET ORGAN
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FUNGSIFUNGSI
Mempengaruhi: Homeostasis. Pertumbuhan & perkembangan. Reproduksi. Dll.
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GANGGUAN FUNGSI
Hipo produktion hipofungsi.
Hiper production hiperfungsi.
MEKANISMEKANIS
PENYAKITPENYAKIT
TUMOR TUMOR
KELAINAN KELAINAN COGENITALCOGENITAL
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ORGAN ENDOKRINORGAN ENDOKRIN
1. Berupa Sel: sel argentafin: dlm lambung sel argentafin: dlm lambung hormon hormon
gastringastrin2. Kelenjar dalam organ lain: pulau langerhans (dalam pankreas) insulin glukagon somatostatin3. Organ endokrin: A. Kel hypophyse B. Kel Thyroid C. Kel Parathyroid D. Kel Adrenal/Suprarenal E. Kel Pineal (epiphyse) F. Gonat (Ovarium & Testis)
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HYPOPHYSE
Makroskopis Letak di dasar otak. Di sella tursica. 1.5x1x0,5cm (Transv). 65gr, pria < wanita. Pd kehamilan, tambah berat, menetap stl
persalinan.
Dua bagian: 1. Anterior (lunak kemerahan) / adeno hypophyse. 2. Posterior (kenyal pucat putih) / neuro
hypophyse.
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EMBRIOLOGI HYPOPHYSE1.1. ECTODERMAL.ECTODERMAL. Dari primitive mout diverticulum.ADENO-HYPOPHYSE. a. pars distalis. b. pars tuberalis. c. pars intermedia.
2.2. NEURO ECTODERMALNEURO ECTODERMAL Dari diencephalon evaginasi. NEURO-HYPOPHYSE a. pars nervosa=infundibular pros. b. infundibulum=neuran stalk.
ADENO HYPOPHYSE
NEURO HYPOPHYSE
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(Mikroskopis) ADENO HYPOPHYSIS
1. PARS DISTALIS = LOBUS ANTERIOR 75% kelenjar. Sel-sel tersusun memanjang / berkelompok. Terdapat banyak anyaman kapiler. Pewarnaan H.E.
A. Sel chromophobe.A. Sel chromophobe.
BB. Sel chromophil. Sel chromophil : :
--1.Sel Acidophil = sel alfa1.Sel Acidophil = sel alfa
--2.Sel Basophil = sel beta2.Sel Basophil = sel beta
2. PARS INTERMEDIA Rudimenter.Rudimenter. Lempeng-2 lap sel tipis & folikel isi koloid.Lempeng-2 lap sel tipis & folikel isi koloid. Granula basophilik dlm sel.Granula basophilik dlm sel. Pd ampibi Pd ampibi h. intermedin.h. intermedin. Pd manusia Pd manusia MSH (?).MSH (?).
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SEL CHROMOPHOBE(Chieff cells=C-cells)
Dgn pewarnaan HE:
-sitoplasma tdk menyerap warna.
-hanya kelihatan inti.
-ditengah-2 lempengan sel-sel chromophil.
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SEL ACIDOPHILDgn pewarnaan HE :
- Sitoplasma merah. - Sel besar.
Dgn pewarnaan khusus Ternyata tdd banyak macam sel: A.Sel Orangeophil (dgn orange-G). (alfa acidophil/sel somatotrop). mensekresi growth hormon. B. Sel Carminophil(dgn azocarmin) (epsilon acidophil/mammotrope) mensekresi Prolactin.
-Merangsang & mempertahankan -Merangsang & mempertahankan sekresi air susu ibu (ASI).sekresi air susu ibu (ASI). -Merangsang corpus luteum u/terus -Merangsang corpus luteum u/terus memproduksi hormon progesteronmemproduksi hormon progesteron..
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SEL BASOPHIL Pd pewarnaan H.E :Pd pewarnaan H.E :
-Sel Basophil > Sel acidophil.Sel Basophil > Sel acidophil.
-sitoplasma merah ungu/biru.-sitoplasma merah ungu/biru.
ACIDOPHIL
BASOPHIL
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PEWARNAAN KHUSUS PADA SEL BASOPHIL (ALDEHIDE-FUCHSIN)
1. 1. Sel Beta BasophilSel Beta Basophil aldehide fuchsin(+)aldehide fuchsin(+)
Thyrotrophic mensekresi hormon TSH.
2. 2. Sel Delta BasophilSel Delta Basophil aldehidealdehide – – fuchsin (-)fuchsin (-)
a. Sel gonadotropic type I. Mensekresi FOLICLE STIMULATING HORMON
(FSH).
b. Sel gonadotrophic type II. Mensekresi LUTEINIZING HORMON (LH) =
(ICSH)
c. Sel corticotrophic. Mensekresi: ADRENO CORTICO
TYROTHROPHIC HORMON(ACTH).
Pd manusia MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMON (MSH)
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RELEASING & INHIBITING FACTOR
DARI HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHISE melalui PORTAL SYSTEM.
GRF = Growth Hormon Releasing Factor. GIF = Growth Hormon Inhibiting Factor. PRF = Prolactin Releasing Factor. PIF = Prolactin Inhibiting Factor. FRF = Folicle Stimulating Hormon Releasing factor. TRF = Thyrotropine Releasing Factor. LRF = Luteinizing Hormon Releasing Factor. CRF = Corticotropine Releasing Factor.
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NEURO HYPOPHYSE
Tdd 2 macam struktur - infundibulum = neural stalk. - pars nervosa = infundibular
procesus.
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NEURO HYPOPHYSE
Struktur Histologis tdd:Struktur Histologis tdd: - Sabut saraf tak bermyelin.- Sabut saraf tak bermyelin.
asal dr neuro-secretory cells asal dr neuro-secretory cells hypotalamus.hypotalamus.
- Sel Pituicyte.- Sel Pituicyte.
Mirip neuroglia, sel kecil + tonjolan Mirip neuroglia, sel kecil + tonjolan sitoplasma pendek.sitoplasma pendek.
- - HERRING BODIESHERRING BODIES = = neurosekret dari neurosekret dari sel sel neurosekret di hypothalamusneurosekret di hypothalamus axon. axon.
Hormon :Hormon : ADH = VASOPRESINADH = VASOPRESIN
OXYTOCINOXYTOCIN
HERRING BODIESHERRING BODIES
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NEURO HYPOPHYSE
Sel Pituicyte.Sel Pituicyte.
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THYROIDTHYROID
MAKROSKOPISMAKROSKOPIS Letak: di leher melekat pd Letak: di leher melekat pd
trachea & larynx.trachea & larynx. Tdd dua lobus dihubungkan Tdd dua lobus dihubungkan
dgn daerah sempit (isthmus).dgn daerah sempit (isthmus). Mempunyai 2 kapsul:Mempunyai 2 kapsul:
- outer fals capsule.- outer fals capsule.
(fascia leher,melekatkan ke (fascia leher,melekatkan ke trachea)trachea)
- inner true capsule.- inner true capsule.
(bungkus & membentuk (bungkus & membentuk septa)septa)
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THYROID MIKROSKOPIS / HISTOLOGISMIKROSKOPIS / HISTOLOGIS.. Thyroid folicle Thyroid folicle (bentukan bulat ukuran bervariasi)(bentukan bulat ukuran bervariasi)
-Tdd sel-sel folikel (selapis kubis) + koloid ditengahnya.-Tdd sel-sel folikel (selapis kubis) + koloid ditengahnya.-Sering tdp vacuola resorbsi.-Sering tdp vacuola resorbsi.-Diliputi jar ikat tipis banyak pemb darah. -Diliputi jar ikat tipis banyak pemb darah. -Epitel & warna koloid dpt berubah (kubis -Epitel & warna koloid dpt berubah (kubis silindris). silindris).
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THYROID
Sel ParafolikulerSel Parafolikuler
- - kelompok sel diantara thyroid folikel.menempel basal membran TF.kelompok sel diantara thyroid folikel.menempel basal membran TF.
-sekresi-sekresi H. Thyrocalcitonin.H. Thyrocalcitonin. menurunkan kadar ion kalsium darah. menurunkan kadar ion kalsium darah.
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FUNGSI THYROID(Meningkatkan metabolisme)
Perkembangan, Pertumbuhan, Differensiasi
HYPO FUNGSI1. H.Thyroid / yodium Pd anak : metabolik rate rendah kemunduran mental+fisikPd dws : juvenile myxedema2. Yodium
Endemic goiter
HYPER FUNCTIONAktivitas berlebihanIritableExophtalmic goitre
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SINTESA & AKUMULASI HORMONSINTESA & AKUMULASI HORMON
Terdiri dari 4 tahap Sintesa Thyroglobulin. Uptake Jodium dari
darah. Aktifasi Jodide. Jodinasi gugus thyrosil
dari thyroglobulin
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PARA THYROID MAKROSKOPIS
4 buahSepasang di kutup atas thyriod terbungkus dgn fascia thyriod.Sepasang di kutup bawah thyroid didalam/ diluar fascia thyroid.Masing-2 kel dbungkus kapsula jar ikat kendor+ pemb darah>>>, membentuk septa.
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PARA THYROID
MIKROSKOPIS / HISTOLOGISMIKROSKOPIS / HISTOLOGIS
1.1. Chieff cell(Principal cell)Chieff cell(Principal cell) --Sel kecilSel kecil, inti ditengah, sitoplasma agak acidophilic( H.E. merah muda), inti ditengah, sitoplasma agak acidophilic( H.E. merah muda)
-sitoplasma pucat ( >>glikogen)-sitoplasma pucat ( >>glikogen)
-sitplasma gelap (<<glikogen)-sitplasma gelap (<<glikogen)
-granula (++) -granula (++) Parathyroid-hormon (parat-hormon)Parathyroid-hormon (parat-hormon)
- sdh ada sejak lahir.- sdh ada sejak lahir.
2. Oxyphiel cell2. Oxyphiel cell
- - >> >> dari chieff cell.dari chieff cell.
- Tersebar diantara chieff cell- Tersebar diantara chieff cell
- Fs belum jelas- Fs belum jelas
- ada sejak pubertas- ada sejak pubertas
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ADRENAL/SUPRARENALMAKROSKOPISMAKROSKOPIS 2 buah, kekuningan.2 buah, kekuningan. Diatas kutup ginjal, Diatas kutup ginjal, kanan spt pyramid, kiri spt bulan sabit.kanan spt pyramid, kiri spt bulan sabit. Diliputi jar ikat yg + >> lemak.Diliputi jar ikat yg + >> lemak. Dibungkus kapsul yg ikut membentuk septa dlm kelenjar.Dibungkus kapsul yg ikut membentuk septa dlm kelenjar. Pd potongan melintang:Pd potongan melintang:
cortex( luar) kuningcortex( luar) kuning
medula(dalam) kemerahan.medula(dalam) kemerahan.
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CORTEX ADRENAL/SUPRARENAL
MIKROSKOPIS1. Zona Glomerulosa.2. Zona Fasciculata.3. Zona Reticularis.
-
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ZONA GLOMERULOSA
- Lapisan tipis. Tepat dibawah kapsul.-Tdd sel silindris membentuk bentukan bulat/ovoid dikelilingi
kapiler.-Inti sel bulat, nucleolus jelas.-Sitoplasma acidophilic,granula basophilic.-membentuk H. mineralo corticoid (deoxycorticosteron & aldosteron) Untuk metabolisme mineral.
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Zona fasciculata Sel-sel berdertSel-sel berdert tersusun sejajar.tersusun sejajar. Tdp kapiler.Tdp kapiler. Sel polyhedral,inti openfaced type, sitoplasma tdpSel polyhedral,inti openfaced type, sitoplasma tdp lipid dropletlipid droplet
lubang-2 spt busalubang-2 spt busa Spongiocyte.Spongiocyte. Fungsi: Fungsi: Bersama zona retikularisBersama zona retikularis H. glucocortikoidH. glucocortikoid ((cortison,cortisol,corticosteroncortison,cortisol,corticosteron)) MerangsangMerangsang gluconeogenesis.gluconeogenesis.
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ZONA RETICULARIS
Sel-sel membentuk nyaman yg saling Sel-sel membentuk nyaman yg saling beranastomose.beranastomose.
Berakir pd bag medula.Berakir pd bag medula. Sitoplsma merah gelap lipid droplet (-).Sitoplsma merah gelap lipid droplet (-). FS: membentuk H.glucocorticoidFS: membentuk H.glucocorticoid
(dehydro epi andosteron)(dehydro epi andosteron)
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MEDULA KEL ADRENAL
Sel dlm bentuk lenpengan-lempengan dikelilingi kapiler,vena,sel Sel dlm bentuk lenpengan-lempengan dikelilingi kapiler,vena,sel ganglion simpatik.ganglion simpatik.
(sgb post synaptic fibers)(sgb post synaptic fibers)
Mensekresi CATECHOLAMIN.Mensekresi CATECHOLAMIN. 1. EPINEPHRIN (adrenalin).1. EPINEPHRIN (adrenalin). 2. NORADRENALIN.2. NORADRENALIN.
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(chromafinne reaction)(chromafinne reaction) Sel pd medula + Oxidizing agent Sel pd medula + Oxidizing agent berwarna coklat berwarna coklat
(CHROMAT)(CHROMAT) chromaffine cells chromaffine cells
(pheochrome cell)(pheochrome cell)
FIXASIFIXASI dgn glutaraldehyd & osmium : dgn glutaraldehyd & osmium :
--SEL EPINEPHRINSEL EPINEPHRIN
-SEL NOREPHINEPHRIN-SEL NOREPHINEPHRIN
PARAGANGLIAPARAGANGLIA..
Sekelompok sel disekitar ganglion symphatetik thorax & Sekelompok sel disekitar ganglion symphatetik thorax & abdomen yg bereaksi positif terhadap bahan chromafinne.abdomen yg bereaksi positif terhadap bahan chromafinne.
CHROMAFFINE SYSTEM.CHROMAFFINE SYSTEM.
Sel-sel para ganglia + sel medula adrenal.Sel-sel para ganglia + sel medula adrenal. CHROMAFFINE LIKE CELLSCHROMAFFINE LIKE CELLS
Sel-sel pada ginjal,ovarium, testis,hepar, jantung,G.I TracSel-sel pada ginjal,ovarium, testis,hepar, jantung,G.I Trac PHEOCHROMOCYTOMAPHEOCHROMOCYTOMA (keganasan) (keganasan)
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PANCREAS
Struktur kelenjar endokrin di Struktur kelenjar endokrin di pancreaspancreas pulau pulau langerhans.langerhans.
Hormon insulinHormon insulin
glukagonglukagon
somatostatinsomatostatin
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EPIPHYSIS CEREBRI / PINEAL MAKROSKOPIS Bentuk kerucut. Dibelakang ventrikel III Otak. Puncak perkembangan usia 7 th kemudian involusi jar ikat,
pengapuran = brain sand (acervuli = corpora arenacea)
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HISTOLOGIS1. SEL PINEALOCYTE sel prenchym Ag impregnasi
sitoplasma
bercabang 2. SEL INTERSTITIAL inti memanjang
disamakan dgn sel glia
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Fungsi epiphysis
Growth hormon releasing factor (G.R.F) Growth hormon ihibiting factor (G.I.F) Thyrotropine releasing factor (T.R.H) Melatonin & Serotonin. Factor antagonis sekresi A.C.T.H u/ mengatur Aldosteron.
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