Download - Malaria
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Anni Najiyah M. N.Zaky Faris MaulanaGindi CinintiaVira WeldimiraAmanda SamurtiMonica Shendy
Ayu Sulung NariratriHerperian ArieRanti ApriliaDonna Rozalia MarizBenny Setyadi
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Malaria adalah penyakit infeksi parasit yang disebabkan oleh
Plasmodium sp. yang menyerang eritrosit dan ditandai dengan
ditemukannya bentuk aseksual didalam darah.
Dengan gejala khas :
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Transmitted only by Anopheles Mosquitoes (>60 species!)
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Spesies Lamanya stadium pre-eritrositik
Diameter skizon matur pre-eritrositik
Jumlah merozoit di dalam sizon pre-eritrositik
P. Vivax 6-8 hari 45 μm 10.000
P. Malariae 14-16 hari 55 μm 15.000
P. Ovale 9 hari 60 μm 15.000
P. Falciparum 5-7 hari 60 μm 30.000
Tabel.1 Bentuk-bentuk plasmodium ke-4 spesies plasmodium manusia
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S P E S I E S
P. Vivax P. Ovale P. Malariae P. Falciparum
Stadium preeritrosik 6-8 hari 9 hari 14-16 hari 5-7 hari
Periode prepaten 11-13 hari 10-14 hari 15-16 hari 9-10 hari
Periode inkubasi
12-17 hari, 6-12 bulan
16-18 hari, dapat lebih lama
18-40 hari, dapat lebih lama 9-14 hari
Siklus eritrositer 48 jam 50 jam 72 jam 48 jam
Tabel.2 Periode pada siklus eksoeritrositer dan eritrositer dari spesies plasmodium manusia
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Siklus aseksual berlangsung pada tubuh manusia :
1. Fase eritrosit (erythrocytic skizogony)
2. Exo erythrocytic skizogony
Seksual ditubuh nyamuk Anopheles betina (Sporogoni)
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Adalah malaria yang disebabkan oleh Plasmodium Falciparum dengan 1 atau lebih komplikasi berikut :
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Gold standard: Multiple thick and thin smears
DIAGNOSIS
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Kombinasi obat : dapat tetap atau kombinasi tak tetap Kombinasi tetap memudahkan pemberian pengobatan Contok kombinasi tetap “ Co-Artem” :
artemeter 20 mg + lumefantrine 120 mg Artekin :
dihidroartemisinin 40 mg + piperakuin 320 mg
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Artesunat + mefloquin
Artesunat + amodiaquin
Artesunat + klorokuin
Artesunat + sulfadoksin pirimetamin
Artesunat + pyronaridine
Artesunat + chlorproguanil dapsone
Dihidroartemisinin + piperaquin+ trimethoprim (artecom)
Artecom + primaquin
Dihidroartemisinin + naphtoquine
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Pengobatan malaria falsiparum tanpa komplikasi, lini pertama
# Artesunate : 50 mg/ tablet# Amodiakuin : 200 mg tablet = 153 mg amodiakuin
base/tablet
Hari Obat tablet
Jumlah Tablet Perhari Menurut Kelompok Umur
0-2 Bulan 2-11 Bulan 1-4 Tahun 5-9 Tahun 10-14 Tahun 15 Tahun
1 Artesunate ¼ ½ 1 2 3 4
Amodiakuin ¼ ½ 1 2 3 4
Primakuin )* )* ¾ 1 ½ 2 2-3
2 Artesunate ¼ ½ 1 2 3 4
Amodiakuin ¼ ½ 1 2 3 4
3 Artesunate ¼ ½ 1 2 3 4
Amodiakuin ¼ ½ 1 2 3 4
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Hari Jenis
Obat
Jumlah tablet perhari menurut kelompok umur
0-1 bulan 2-11 bulan 1-4 tahun 5-9 tahun 10-14 tahun > 15 tahun
1 Kina *) *) 3 x ½ 3 x 1 3 x 1½ 3 x 2
Tetrasklin/
Doksisiklin
- - - - - 4 x 1/ 1x
Primakuin - - ¾ 1 ½ 2 2 – 3
2 Kina *) *) 3 x ½ 3 x 1 3 x 1 ½ 3 x 2
Tetrasklin/
Doksisiklin
- - - - - 4 x 1/ 1x 1
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Arthur C Guyton, John E Hall. 2008. Textbook of Medical Physiology 11 edition. Delhi : Saunders Elsevier.
Behrman, RE. 2006. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics 15th. Jakarta : EGC. C. Radde, Ingeborg. 1999. Farmakologi & Terapi Pediatri. Jakarta :
Hipokrates. Dorland, W.A Newman. 2002. Kamus Kedokteran Dorland Edisi 29.
Jakarta: EGC. J. Mycek, Mary. 2001. Farmakologi Ulasan Bergambar. Jakarta : Widya
Medika. Katzung. Farmakologi Dasar dan Klinis Edisi VI. Jakarta : EGC. Soedarmo, Sumarno S dkk. 2010. Buku ajar Infeksi & Pediatri Tropis.
Edisi Kedua. Jakarta: IDAI