Download - Hfe 1
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Human Factors & Ergonomics
Pengantar
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Tujuan
1. Mengetahui definisi HFE
2. Memahami kaitan HFE dengan disiplin ilmu yang lain
3. Memahami penerapan HFE dalam bidang keselamatan jalan
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1. Apakah HFE itu?
2. Apakah kaitan HFE dengan keselamatan jalan?
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Penyebab kecelakaan di UK & US (Oppenheim & Shinar, 2011)
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(Oppenheim & Shinar, 2011)
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Human factors ≠ human errors
.... ????
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Human-Vehicle-Environment System(Trace, 2008)
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(Trace, 2008)
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Fundamental Ergonomic Model(Trace, 2008)
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Adaptation of Fundamental Ergonomic Model for Use in Accident Analysis
(Trace, 2008)
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(Trace, 2008)
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Sejarah
Ergonomics:Ergon: kerja
Nomos: aturan
The study of work
Polandia:Jastrzebowski, 1857
‘An Outline of Ergonomics or the Science of Work’
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Inggris: Murrel, 1949
Penekanan pada desain peralatan dan ruang kerja
Ilmu yang relevan: anatomi, fisiologi, industri pengobatan, desain, arsitektur & engineering
Eropa:Ergonomi berakar pada biological sciences
Amerika:Human factors
Berakar pada psikologi
Applied experimental psychology, engineering psychology dan human engineering
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Kesamaan human factors dan ergonomicsMenggunakan pendekatan FJM (fitting the job to the man)
Dalam perkembangannya human factors lebih menekankan pada proses perancangan sistem yang menyeluruh sedangkan ergonomi lebih terikat pada basic science-nya atau topik tertentu
Seringkali dianggap sama
(Bridge, 2003)
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Definisi
Human Factors (also know as Ergonomics) is about people, products, systems and environments, and how they impact on each other. Human Factors is an interdisciplinary profession that focuses on identifying human abilities and limitations within work environments, and then applies that knowledge to improve people's interaction with their environments in order to optimisehuman well being and overall system performance (http://www.trl.co.uk)
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The International Ergonomics Association (IEA, 2003) defines ergonomics (or human factors) as the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of theinteractions among humans and other elements of a system and the profession that applies theory, principles, data, and methods to design in order to optimizehuman well-being and overall system performance (Karwowski, 2012)
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Application oriented model of human factors (http://www.trl.co.uk)
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Human–system compatibility approach to ergonomics (Karwowski, 2012)
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Domain utama HFE1. Physical ergonomics
Hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan anatomi, antrometi, fisiologi, & karakteristik biomekanik
2. Cognitive ergonomics
Pengaruh proses mental (persepsi, memori, pemrosesan informasi, pemikiran, & respon motorik) terhadap interaksi antarmanusia dan elemen yang lain dalam suatu sistem
3. Organizational ergonomics/macroergonomics
Optimalisasi sistem sosioteknik, meliputi struktur organisasi, kebijakan, & proses
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General dimension of ergonomics disipline (Karwowski, 2012)
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HFE dalam traffic psychology
Pengguna jalan
- Fisik
- Kognitif
- Kepribadian
- Perilaku
Road system- Vehicle- Road- Road sign- ..... (Oppenheim & Shinar, 2011)
Mengurangi kecelakaan
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Transportation ergonomics (http:www.trl.co.uk)
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Penelitian Shinar (dalam Oppenheim & Shinar, 2011): pilihan kecepatan dipengaruhi oleh desain jalan, motivasi pengemudi, dan penegakan hukum
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Peran HFE untuk mengidentifikasi unsur pengemudi-kendaraan-jalan yang menimbulkan kesalahan, bukan sekedar mengidentifikasi kesalahan dan upaya perbaikannya
Tujuan HFE untuk mencegah situasi yang menimbulkan kesalahan, bukan untuk melatih pengemudi untuk tidak melakukan kesalahan
(Oppenheim & Shinar, 2011)
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Sudahkan HFE diterapkan di lingkungan kerja Anda? Beri contoh!
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Sumber
Bridger, R.S. 2003. Introduction To Ergonomic. London: Taylor & Francis
http://www.trl.co.uk Lu, Jun-Ming. 2011. Transportation Ergonomic. Dalam
Ergonomic Weekly, No 19, 4 Maret 2011. Karwowski, Waldemar. 2012. The Discipline of Human
Factors and Ergonomics. Handbook of human factors and ergonomics 4th ed., Gavriel Salvendy (Ed). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Shinar, David. 2007. Traffic Safety and Human Behavior. Oxford: Elsevier
TRACE. 2008. 'Analyzing Human Factors in road accidents‘ TRACE WP5 Summary Report