Download - 039 REZA PAHLEVI
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NAMA : REZA PAHLEVI
NIM : 03101003039
JURUSAN : TEKNIK KIMIA
FAKULTAS : TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA
ANGKATAN 2010-2011
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REAKSI-REAKSI PADA ALDEHID DAN KETON
1. OKSIDASI ALDEHID DAN KETON
A. Suatu keton tidak mudah dioksidasi
O ║ KMnO4
CH3CCH3 → Tidak ada reaksi yang terjadi Aseton
B. Suatu Aldehida O O
║ KMnO4, H+ ║ a. CH3(CH2)5CH → CH3(CH2)5COH
Heptanal H2O asam heptanoat
2. ADISI PADA GUGUS KARBONIL
A. Adisi Pada Aldehid dan Keton menghasilkan suatu hemiasetal
a. Aldehid
O OH ║ |
CH3CH2CH2CH + C2H5OH ⇌ CH3CH2CH | OC2H5
Butanal Etanol 1-Etoksi-1-Propanol
Keton
O OH
║ | CH3CCH3 + CH3OH ⇌ CH3CCH3
|OCH3
2-propanon Metanol 2-Metoksi-2-Propanol O OH ║ |
CH3CH2CCH2CH3 + CH3CH2OH ⇌ CH3CH2CCH2CH3 | OCH3CH2
3-Pentanon etanol 3-etoksi-3-Pentanol
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B. Aldehid dan Keton berlebih direaksikan dengan alcohol berlebih dengan adanya katalis asam akan menghasilkan ASETAL. Asetal adalah 2 gugus alkil yang terikat pada satu atom sama.
a). Pada Aldehid
O OCH3
║ | CH3CH + 2CH3OH ⇌ CH3CH + H2O
| OCH3
Propanal Etanol Dietoksi Propana Air
O OC3H7
║ |
C3H7CH + 2 C3H7OH ⇌ C3H7CH+ H2O |
OC3H7
Butanal Propanol Dipropoksi Butana Airb). Pada Keton
O OCH3
║ | CH3CCH3 + 2CH3OH ⇌ CH3CCH3 + H2O
| OCH3
2-Propanon Metanol 2,2-dimetoksi Propana Air
O OC2H5
║ | C2H5CC2H5 + 2C2H5OH ⇌ C2H5CC2H5 + H2O
| OC2H5
2-Pentanon Etanol 3,3-dietoksi Pentana Air
ADISI DENGAN SENYAWA ORGANOMETALIK
a. Pada Aldehid
1). O OMgI OH ║ | H2O |
CH3CH + CH3MgI→ CH3CH → CH3CH + Mg(OH)I | | CH3 CH3
Etanal metil magnesium iodida Magnesium Hidroksi iodida
2). O OMgCl OH ║ | H2O |
C2H5CH + C2H5MgCl→ C2H5CH → C2H5CH + Mg (OH) Cl | | C2H5 C2H5
Propanal Etil Magnesium klorida Magnesium Hidroksi klorida
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b. Pada Keton
1).
O OMgCl OH ║ | H2O |
CH3CCH3+ CH3MgCl → CH3CCH3→ CH3CCH3 + Mg(OH)Cl | |
CH3 CH3
2-propanon metil Magnesium Magnesium Hidroksi Klorida Klorida
REAKSI-REAKSI DENGAN TURUNAN AMONIAK
1). ∖ ∖C=O + H2N-Y → C=N-OH + H2O
∕ ∕
A. Pada Aldehid
CH3 CH3
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-OH → C=N-OH + H2O ∕ ∕
H HEtanal Hydroxylamine Etena Oxime Air
CH3CH2 CH3CH2
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-OH → C=N-OH + H2O ∕ ∕
H HPropanal Hydroxylamine Propena Oxime Air
B. Pada Keton
CH3 CH3
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-OH → C=N-OH + H2O ∕ ∕
CH3 CH3
Propanon Hydroxylamine Propena Oxime Air
CH3CH2 CH3CH2
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∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-OH → C=N-OH + H2O ∕ ∕
CH3CH2 CH3CH2
Pentanon Hydroxylamine Pentena Oxime Air
2). ∖ ∖C=O + H2N-NH2 → C=N-NH2 + H2O
∕ ∕
A). Pada Aldehid
CH3 CH3
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-NH2 → C=N-NH2 + H2O ∕ ∕
H HEtanal Hydrazine Etena Hydrazone Air
CH3CH2CH2 CH3CH2CH2
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-NH2 → C=N-NH2 + H2O ∕ ∕
H HButanal Hydrazine Butena Hydrazone Air
B). Pada Keton
CH3 CH3
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-NH2 → C=N-NH2 + H2O ∕ ∕
CH3 CH3
Propanon Hydrazine Propena Hydrazone Air
CH3CH2 CH3CH2
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-NH2 → C=N-NH2 + H2O ∕ ∕
CH3 CH3
2-butanon Hydrazine Butena Hydrazone Air
3). ∖ ∖C=O + H2N-NH- → C=N-NH-
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∕ ∕
A). Pada Aldehid
CH3 CH3
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-NH- → C=N-NH-
∕ ∕ H H
Etanal Phenylhydrozine Etena Phenylhydrazone
CH3CH2CH2 CH3CH2CH2
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-NH- → C=N-NH-
∕ ∕ H H
Butanal Phenylhydrozine Butena Phenylhydrazone
B). Pada Keton
CH3 CH3
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-NH- → C=N-NH-
∕ ∕ CH3 CH3
Propanon Phenylhydrozine Propena Phenylhydrazone
CH3CH2 CH3CH2
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-NH- → C=N-NH-
∕ ∕ CH3CH2 CH3CH2
Pentanon Phenylhydrozine Pentena Phenylhydrazone
NO2
4). ∖ ∖ ∖C=O + H2N-NH- -NH2 → C=N-NH- -NO2
∕ ∕
A). Pada Aldehid
CH3 CH3 NO2
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∖ ∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-NH- -NH2 → C=N-NH- -NO2
∕ ∕ H H
Etanal 2,4-Dinitrophenylhdrazine 2,4-Dinitrophenylhdrazone Etena
CH3CH2CH2 CH3CH2CH2 NO2
∖ ∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-NH- -NH2 → C=N-NH- -NO2
∕ ∕ H H
Butanal 2,4-Dinitrophenylhdrazine 2,4-Dinitrophenylhdrazone Butena
B). Pada Keton
CH3 CH3 NO2
∖ ∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-NH- -NH2 → C=N-NH- -NO2
∕ ∕ CH3 CH3
Propanon 2,4-Dinitrophenylhdrazine 2,4-Dinitrophenylhdrazone Propena
CH3CH2 CH3CH2 NO2
∖ ∖ ∖ C=O + H2N-NH- -NH2 → C=N-NH- -NO2
∕ ∕ CH3 CH3
2-Butanon 2,4-Dinitrophenylhdrazine 2,4-Dinitrophenylhdrazone Butena
5).
O ∖ ∖ //
C=O + H2N-NH-C-NH2 → C= H2N-NH-C-NH2
∕ ∕
A. Pada Aldehid
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CH3 CH3 O ∖ ∖ // C=O + H2N-NH-C-NH2 → C= H2N-NH-C-NH2
∕ ∕ H H Etanal Semicarbazine Semicarbazone Etena
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 CH2 CH2 O ∖ ∖ // C=O + H2N-NH-C-NH2 → C= H2N-NH-C-NH2
∕ ∕ H H Butanal Semicarbazine Semicarbazone Butena
B. Pada Keton
CH3 CH3 O ∖ ∖ // C=O + H2N-NH-C-NH2 → C= H2N-NH-C-NH2
∕ ∕ CH3 CH3
Propanon Semicarbazine Semicarbazone Propena
CH3CH2 CH3CH2 O ∖ ∖ // C=O + H2N-NH-C-NH2 → C= H2N-NH-C-NH2
∕ ∕ CH3CH2 CH3CH2
Pentanon Semicarbazine Semicarbazone Pentena
6). ∖ ∖ C=O + H2N=R → C= N-R
∕ ∕
A. Pada Aldehid
CH3 CH3
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N=CH3 → C= N-CH3
∕ ∕ H H
Etanal Primaryamine imine etena CH3CH2CH2 CH3CH2CH2
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N=CH3 → C= N-CH3
∕ ∕
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H H
Butanal Primaryamine imine butena
B. Pada Keton
CH3 CH3
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N=CH3 → C= N-CH3
∕ ∕ CH3 CH3
Propanon Primaryamine imine propena
CH3CH2 CH3CH2
∖ ∖ C=O + H2N=CH3 → C= N-CH3
∕ ∕ CH3 CH3
2-butananon Primaryamine imine butena