dnv rp-a203_ 2013.pdf

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RECOMMENDED PRACTICE

DET NORSKE VERITAS AS

The electronic pdf version of this document found through http://www.dnv.com is the officially binding version

DNV-RP-A203

Technology Qualiica!ion

"#$% 20&3

8/20/2019 DNV RP-A203_ 2013.pdf


' De! No()*e Ve(i!a) AS "uly 20&3

Any co++en!) +ay ,e )en! ,y e-+ail !o [email protected]

This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this document, and is believed to reflect the best of contemporary technology. The use of this document by others than DNV is at the user's sole risk. DNV does not accept any liability or responsibility for loss or damages resulting fromany use of this document.

FOREWORD

DNV i) a glo,al (o.i/e( o *nole/ge o( +anaging (i)*1 To/ay )ae an/ (e)on)i,le ,u)ine)) con/uc! i) ,o!h a licen)e!o oe(a!e an/ a co+e!i!i.e a/.an!age1 Ou( co(e co+e!ence i) !o i/en!iy a))e)) an/ a/.i)e on (i)* +anage+en!1 (o+ou( lea/ing o)i!ion in ce(!iica!ion cla))iica!ion .e(iica!ion an/ !(aining e /e.elo an/ aly )!an/a(/) an/ ,e)!

(ac!ice)1 Thi) hel) ou( cu)!o+e() )aely an/ (e)on)i,ly i+(o.e !hei( ,u)ine)) e(o(+ance1 DNV i) an in/een/en!o(gani)a!ion i!h /e/ica!e/ (i)* (oe))ional) in +o(e !han &00 coun!(ie) i!h !he u(o)e o )aegua(/ing lie (oe(!yan/ !he en.i(on+en!1

DNV )e(.ice /ocu+en!) con)i)! o a+ong o!he() !he olloing !ye) o /ocu+en!)4

5 Service Specifications. P(oce/u(al (e6ui(e+en!)1

5 Standards. Technical (e6ui(e+en!)1

5 Recommended Practices. 7ui/ance1

The S!an/a(/) an/ Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice) a(e oe(e/ i!hin !he olloing a(ea)4

A8 Qualiica!ion Quali!y an/ Sae!y Me!ho/ology

98 Ma!e(ial) Technology

C8 S!(uc!u(e)

D8 Sy)!e+)

E8 Secial acili!ie)

8 Pieline) an/ Ri)e()

78 A))e! Oe(a!ion

:8 Ma(ine Oe(a!ion)"8 Cleane( Ene(gy

O8 Su,)ea Sy)!e+)

#8 #ncon.en!ional Oil ; 7a)

8/20/2019 DNV RP-A203_ 2013.pdf

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ecommended !ractice DNV"!"#$%&, uly $%(&

)*#N+- )NT !age &

CHANGES – CURRENT

General

Thi) /ocu+en! )ue()e/e) DNV-RP-A203 Dece+,e( 20&21

Te<! aec!e/ ,y !he +ain change) in !hi) e/i!ion i) highligh!e/ in (e/ colou(1 :oe.e( i !he change) in.ol.e

a hole cha!e( )ec!ion o( )u,-)ec!ion no(+ally only !he !i!le ill ,e in (e/ colou(1

Main changes

Deini!ion) ha.e ,een u/a!e/1

The *ey h(a)e =Ne Technology> i) a.oi/e/ in !hi) e/i!ion a) i! i) no! !he /a!e a! hich a )olu!ion i)/e.eloe/ !ha! go.e(n) he!he( o( no! Technology Qualiica!ion i) (e6ui(e/1 The !i!le o !hi) Reco++en/e/P(ac!ice ha) ,een change/ acco(/ingly1

In a//i!ion !o !he a,o.e )!a!e/ +ain change) e/i!o(ial co((ec!ion) +ay ha.e ,een +a/e1

Editorial Corrections

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)ontents !age 0

CONTENTS

C:AN7ES ? C#RRENT 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 3

1 !re"ace #

$ %ntrod&ction #21& 7ene(al1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111@212 Technology Qualiica!ion Re)ul!) an/ !hei( #)e 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111&0213 Docu+en!a!ion Re6ui(e+en!) an/ Coni/en!iali!y1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111&021 Ve(iica!ion an/ Thi(/ Pa(!y In.ol.e+en!11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111&2

' Technolog( )&ali"ication A**roach and !rinci*les 1'

+ Technolog( )&ali"ication !rogra, 1+1& Technology De.elo+en! an/ Qualiica!ion P(og(e)) 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111&12 Con!en!) o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a+11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111&13 C(i!ical Pa(a+e!e() $i)!1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111&@1 Qualiica!ion Tea+ 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111&@

- The .asic Technolog( )&ali"ication !rocess 1/

# Technolog( )&ali"ication 0asis 1@1& In!(o/uc!ion1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111&B@12 Technology De)c(i!ion111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111&B@13 Pe(o(+ance De)c(i!ion 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111&B

/ Technolog( Assess,ent $21& In!(o/uc!ion11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111112012 Technology Co+o)i!ion Analy)i) 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111112013 Technology Ca!ego(ia!ion11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111112&1 I/en!iica!ion o Main Challenge) an/ #nce(!ain!ie) :AFID8 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111122

3 Threat Assess,ent $'G1& In!(o/uc!ion111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111123G12 Reine/ Technology Co+o)i!ion Analy)i) 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111123G13 I/en!iica!ion o ailu(e Mo/e) 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111123G1 Con)e6uence o ailu(e11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111112HG1H P(o,a,ili!y o ailu(e 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111112@

G1@ Ri)* A))e))+en! 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111112 Technolog( )&ali"ication !lan $B1& In!(o/uc!ion11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111112BB12 Selec!ion o Qualiica!ion Me!ho/) 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111112BB13 Pa(a+e!e( Eec!) an/ Mo/el) 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111130B1 E<e(i+en!al Me!ho/)111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111113&B1H Docu+en!e/ E<e(ience111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111113B1@ Me!ho/) !o Docu+en! #nce(!ain!y P(o,a,ili!y o ailu(e an/ Ma(gin) 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111113

12 E4ec&tion o" the Technolog( )&ali"ication !lan '#&01& In!(o/uc!ion11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111113@&012 ailu(e Mo/e De!ec!ion Du(ing Qualiica!ion111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111113@&013 Collec!ion an/ Docu+en!a!ion o Da!a11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111113@

11 !er"or,ance Assess,ent '3&&1& In!(o/uc!ion11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111113G&&12 Relia,ili!y 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111113G&&13 Deci)ion-+a*ing 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111113B

A**endi4 A Chec5list 6 Fail&re Mechanis,s 6 Data 0ase +2

A1& ailu(e +echani)+) chec*li)! 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 0

A**endi4 0 %te,s o" Concern – Ca&ses o" Fail&re Mechanis,s – Technolog( De7elo*,ent Stage +$

91& In!(o/uc!ion111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 2912 Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 2913 Ran*ing o ailu(e Mo/e) 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 391 Technology De.elo+en! S!a!e) an/ Rea/ine)) $e.el)1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

A**endi4 C E4a,*les o" A**lication +/

C1& In!(o/uc!ion111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 C12 A Su,)ea 9oo)!e( Pu+ (a+o 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 C13 Qualiica!ion o Ma))-(o/uce/ Co+onen!) 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 H@C1 A )u,)ea +ul!iha)e u+ K.J(ne( Eu(e*a11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 H

A**endi4 D Co,*&ter So"t8are #3

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)ontents !age 1

D1& In!(o/uc!ion111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 @GD12 Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 @GD13 Secial Toic)11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 2D1 E<a+le) o So!a(e Relia,ili!y Analy)i) 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 H

A**endi4 E Use o" Historical Relia.ilit( Data /#

E1& E.alua!ion o !he 6uali!y o !he /a!a,a)e) 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 @E12 E<a+le o e<!(ac!ing Da!a (o+ a Da!a,a)e 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111

A**endi4 F %ntrod&ction to S(ste,s6Engineering A**roaches /3

1& In!(o/uc!ion111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 G12 A +o/el ,a)e/ a(oach1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 B13 7oal +o/elling 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 B1 $in*ing e.i/ence !o lea goal) 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 B1H Sy)!e+a!ic elici!a!ion o e<e(! oinion) o ho ell a.aila,le e.i/ence ulil) lea goal) 11111111111111 G01@ P(oaga!ion o goal ulil+en! an/ unce(!ain!y !o o.e(all goal) 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 G0C:AN7ES ? :ISTORIC 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 G&

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-ec.( !reface !age 2

1 !re"ace

The o,ec!i.e o !hi) (eco++en/e/ (ac!ice i) !o (o.i/e !he in/u)!(y i!h a )y)!e+a!ic a(oach !o!echnology 6ualiica!ion en)u(ing !ha! !he !echnology unc!ion) (elia,ly i!hin )eciie/ li+i!)1

The a(oach i) alica,le o( co+onen!) e6ui+en! an/ )y)!e+) hich a(e no! al(ea/y co.e(e/ ,y aVali/a!e/ )e! o Re6ui(e+en!) )uch a) an alica,le )!an/a(/81

G&idance note9DNV Se(.ice Seciica!ion DNV-DSS-0& LTechnology Qualiica!ion Manage+en!L /e)c(i,e) ho DNV can a))i)!i!h !echnology 6ualiica!ion )houl/ )uch a))i)!ance ,e (e6ue)!e/ ,y !he u)e( o !hi) (eco++en/e/ (ac!ice1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

$ %ntrod&ction

$1 General

$11 Goal o" technolog( :&ali"ication

Technology 6ualiica!ion i) !he (oce)) o (o.i/ing !he e.i/ence !ha! a !echnology ill unc!ion i!hin

)eciie/ oe(a!ional li+i!) i!h an acce!a,le le.el o coni/ence1

$1$ Moti7ation

I+le+en!a!ion o !echnology in!(o/uce) unce(!ain!ie) !ha! i+ly (i)* o( i!) /e.eloe() +anuac!u(e().en/o() oe(a!o() an/ en/-u)e()1 Thi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice )ho) ho !he)e (i)*) can ,e +anage/ ,y !he

(o.i)ion o e.i/ence !o (e/uce unce(!ain!ie)1

Conce!) i!h ell-*non an/ (o.en !echnology a(e o!en (ee((e/ !o )olu!ion) i!h ele+en!) o non-(o.en!echnology e.en i !he la!!e( (o.i/e) )igniican! oe(a!ional i+(o.e+en! o( co)!-eiciency1 Technology6ualiica!ion can ena,le i!) i+le+en!a!ion !he(e,y heling !o c(ea!e ne ,u)ine)) oo(!uni!ie) o( i+(o.e)ae!y (elia,ili!y o( (oi!a,ili!y1

$1' O.;ecti7e o" this Reco,,ended !ractice

The o,ec!i.e o !hi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice i) !o (o.i/e a )y)!e+a!ic a(oach !o !echnology 6ualiica!ion ina +anne( !ha! en)u(e) !(acea,ili!y !h(oughou! !he (oce)) (o+ !he /e!e(+ina!ion o unc!ion) !a(ge!) an/e<ec!a!ion) !o (ele.an! ailu(e +o/e) 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) an/ e.i/ence1

I!) ai+ i) !o en)u(e !ha! !he ailu(e +o/e) an/ !he 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) a(e (ele.an! an/ co+le!e1 Thi) in!u(n )houl/ i+(o.e coni/ence in no.el !echnology an/ i+(o.e !he li*elihoo/ o i!) co++e(ciali)a!ion1Thu) !hi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice a//) .alue ,y ,o!h acili!a!ing !he /e.elo+en! o !echnology an/ ,yun/e(inning i!) ,u)ine)) ca)e1

$1+ Sco*e

Thi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice i) in!en/e/ o( 6ualiica!ion o !echnologie) !ha! a(e no! co.e(e/ ,y e<i)!ing.ali/a!e/ (e6ui(e+en!) an/ he(e ailu(e o)e) (i)* !o lie (oe(!y o( !he en.i(on+en! o( (e)en!) inancial(i)*1

G&idance note9E.en !hough in/i.i/ual co+onen!) in a )y)!e+ +igh! ,e 6ualiie/ o( (o.en i !hey a(e a))e+,le/ in a /ie(en! ay!he )y)!e+ a) a hole +ay (e6ui(e !o ,e 6ualiie/1 The )a+e alie) !o 6ualiie/ o( (o.en !echnology in a change/en.i(on+en!1

A (oce)) o( 6ualiica!ion o co+u!e( )o!a(e i) ou!line/ in A1D1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

Thi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice can ,e u)eul o( !he 6ualiica!ion o !echnologie) he(e !he ,e)! ay !o )hoco+liance !o e<i)!ing (e6ui(e+en!) o( )!an/a(/) i) no! o,.iou)1

Technology 6ualiica!ion i) no(+ally (ece/e/ ,y a conce! /e.elo+en! )!age an/ an e.alua!ion )!age inhich !he +ain (incile) o( i!) e.alua!ion a(e /e!e(+ine/1 The)e (incile) )houl/ ,e e/ in!o !he TechnologyQualiica!ion P(oce)) .ia !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) Sec1@81

$1- 0asis "or the :&ali"ication

No.el !echnologie) a(e gene(ally no! co.e(e/ ,y e)!a,li)he/ co/e) an/ (oce/u(e) .ali/a!e/ (e6ui(e+en!)81The 6ualiica!ion )hall !he(eo(e ,e ,a)e/ on unc!ional )eciica!ion) /eine/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion9a)i) )ee Sec1@81

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-ec.$ 3ntroduction !age 4

$1# Who *er"or,s :&ali"ication<

The one( ,uye( /e.eloe( o( a !hi(/ a(!y can e(o(+ !he 6ualiica!ion1

$1/ Who .ene"its "ro, the Reco,,ended !ractice<

The Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice o( !echnology 6ualiica!ion )e(.e)4

5 The +anuac!u(e( ho oe() !echnology !o !he +a(*e! an/ !he(eo(e nee/) !o /i)lay (oo o i!ne)) o(

u(o)e an/o( /ocu+en!a!ion o a gi.en !echnology 6ualiica!ion )!a!e1 5 The co+any !ha! in!eg(a!e) !he !echnology in!o a la(ge( )y)!e+ an/ nee/) !o e.alua!e !he eec! on !he

!o!al )y)!e+ (elia,ili!y1 5 The en/-u)e( o !he !echnology ho i)he) !o o!i+i)e !he ,enei!) o hi) in.e)!+en! !h(ough )elec!ion

,e!een co+e!ing !echnologie) o( !o c(ea!e ne ,u)ine)) ,y /oing !hing) in an i+(o.e/ ay1

$13 Alternati7e ,ethods

Al!e(na!i.e +e!ho/) !o !ho)e /e)c(i,e/ in !hi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice +ay ,e u)e/ (o.i/ing !ha! !hey a(e)uo(!e/ ,y e6ui.alen! e.i/ence o !he )ui!a,ili!y o !hei( alica!ion1

$1 Str&ct&re o" this Reco,,ended !ractice

Thi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice i) o(gani)e/ in!o !o a(!)4

5 An in!(o/uc!ion Sec1& !o Sec18 in hich !he hilo)ohy an/ (incile) o Technology Qualiica!ion a(e (e)en!e/ an/ !he ,a)ic Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) i) in!(o/uce/1

5 The +ain ,o/y con!aining !he /e)c(i!ion o !he o(* in.ol.e/ in !he ,a)ic Technology Qualiica!ionP(oce)) an/ Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e) Sec1H !o Sec1&&81

The Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice !e<! gi.e) o!ion) o( !he )ae)! an/ +o)! co)!-eicien! ay o /e.eloing an/i+le+en!ing no.el !echnology in !he oinion o DNV1 Sule+en!a(y a/.ice o( e<lana!ion i) in)e(!e/ in !he!e<! in !he olloing ay4

G&idance note9

E<a+le o )ule+en!a(y !e<! in gui/ance no!e1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

The aen/ice) con!ain a//i!ional ino(+a!ion an/ ou!line o e<a+le) an/ !e+la!e)1 The (oce)) o(

Technology Qualiica!ion o co+u!e( )o!a(e i) ou!line/ in A1D1

$112 De"initions and a..re7iations

The olloing /eini!ion) a(e ,a)e/ on gene(ally (ecogni)e/ /eini!ion) o !e(+) a) a/a!e/ !o !hei( u)e in !hi)Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice1

Term Definition

A(gu+en! De+on)!(a!ion o ho E.i/ence )uo(!) a Clai+ in Con!e<!1

Coni/ence In )!a!i)!ic) coni/ence i) a +ea)u(e o !he (elia,ili!y o an e)!i+a!e an/ can ,e 6uan!iie/ ,y)!an/a(/ +e!ho/)1 In !hi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice !he !e(+ coni/ence i) u)e/ in a ,(oa/e( )en)e!o /eno!e !he le.el o coni/ence a /eci)ion-+a*e( ha) in a !echnology1 Such coni/ence i) u)ually+ea)u(e/ hen /eci)ion) a(e +a/e e1g1 he!he( !o in.e)! in !he !echnology o( no! o( i+le+en!i! o( !o )u,ec! i! !o ce(!ain 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie)1

Con!e<! Ci(cu+)!ance) o( ac!o() (ela!ing !o Technology1C(i!ical a(a+e!e( A a(a+e!e( !ha! can lea/ !o an unacce!a,le le.el o ailu(e o( (i)* ei!he( alone o( in

co+,ina!ion i!h o!he( a(a+e!e() !ha! ha.e a )i+ila( le.el o (i)* o( ailu(e1

Ele+en! The !e(+ ele+en! i) u)e/ !o +a*e un)eciic (ee(ence !o unc!ion) o( )u,-unc!ion) )u,-)y)!e+)o( co+onen!) (oce)) )e6uence) o( oe(a!ion) o( e<ecu!ion ha)e)1

E+i(ical e.i/ence E.i/ence accu+ula!e/ !h(ough o,)e(.a!ion) o heno+ena !ha! occu( in !he na!u(al o(l/ o(hich i) e)!a,li)he/ ,y e<e(i+en!a!ion in a la,o(a!o(y o( o!he( con!(olle/ con/i!ion)1

Enhancing!echnology

A !echnology !ha! (o.i/e) enhance/ caa,ili!ie) !o a u)e( co+a(e/ !o e<i)!ing (o.en!echnologie)1

Ena,ling !echnology An ena,ling !echnology i) an in.en!ion o( inno.a!ion !ha! can ,e alie/ !o /(i.e (a/ical changein !he caa,ili!ie) o a u)e(1 o( an ena,ling !echnology !he(e i) no (o.en all-,ac* )olu!ion !ha!can ,e a/o!e/ )houl/ 6ualiica!ion o !he ena,ling !echnology ail1

E.i/ence The e.i/ence u)e/ o( 6ualiica!ion inclu/e) e+i(ical e.i/ence (e/ic!ion) u)ing (o.en +o/el)

an/ e<e(! u/ge+en!1ailu(e $o)) o !he a,ili!y o an i!e+ !o e(o(+ !he (e6ui(e/ )eciie/8 unc!ion i!hin !he li+i!) )e! o(

i!) in!en/e/ u)e1 Thi) occu() hen !he +a(gin !o ailu(e8 i) nega!i.e1

ailu(e (e6uency The nu+,e( o ailu(e) /i.i/e/ ,y !he !i+e calen/a( o( oe(a!ional81

ailu(e +echani)+ The hy)ical che+ical !e+o(al o( o!he( (oce)) !ha! lea/) o( ha) le/ !o a ailu(e1

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ailu(e +o/e The o,)e(.e/ +anne( o ailu(e on a )eciie/ le.el81

ailu(e (o,a,ili!y The (o,a,ili!y o ailu(e occu((ing i!hin a )eciie/ !i+e e(io/ o( a! a )eciie/ con/i!ione1g1 a! !he )!a(! o an engine81

unc!ion A u(o)e o( hich )o+e!hing i) /e)igne/ o( e<i)!)1

unc!ional

)eciica!ion

The e(o(+ance !ha! a !echnology ha) !o achie.e i!hin )e! en.i(on+en! an/ oe(a!ional

con/i!ion)7oal The o.e(all !a(ge! o an ac!i.i!y

Ma(gin !o ailu(e8 The /ie(ence ,e!een !he u!ili)a!ion a! ailu(e an/ !he (e6ui(e/ u!ili)a!ion in !he in!en/e/ u)e1hen ei!he( !he u!ili)a!ion a! ailu(e o( !he (e6ui(e/ u!ili)a!ion i) unce(!ain )o i) !he +a(gin1 Then!he +a(gin can ,e (e(e)en!e/ ,y i!) (o,a,ili!y /i)!(i,u!ion1 Performance margin an/ )ae!y+a(gin a(e )ecial ca)e)1

Mile)!one A oin! in !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e !ha! )igniie) an ag(ee/ 6ualiica!ion )!a!eha) ,een achie.e/ an/ hich +ay ,e u)e/ !o !(igge( o!he( e.en!) )uch a) (ecogni!ion (ea(/ an/u(!he( in.e)!+en! Sec1H8

Mo/el Ma!he+a!ical /e)c(i!ion o( e<e(i+en!al )e!-u )i+ula!ing a unc!ion o !he !echnology1 Mo/el)!a*e accoun! o (ele.an! eec!) o !he c(i!ical a(a+e!e() o( !he +o/elle/ unc!ion1

Pa(a+e!e( A /e!e(+ining cha(ac!e(i)!ic o !he !echnology) unc!ion u)e o( en.i(on+en!1

Pa(a+e!e( eec! The eec!) o .a(ia!ion o a a(a+e!e( i!hin !he li+i!) o (ele.ance o( !he !echnology an/ i!) u)e1

Pe(o(+ance The e(o(+ance o a !echnology i) i!) a,ili!y !o (o.i/e i!) )eciie/ unc!ion)1 The)e unc!ion)con!(i,u!e !o )ae!y(elia,ili!y a) ell a) !he ou!u! o( .alue gene(a!e/ ,y !he )y)!e+ e6ui+en!o( co+onen! hen in oe(a!ion1

Pe(o(+ance +a(gin The /ie(ence ,e!een !he achie.e/ e(o(+ance an/ !he )eciie/ e(o(+ance (e6ui(e+en!1hen ei!he( !he achie.e/ e(o(+ance o( !he )eciie/ e(o(+ance (e6ui(e+en! i) unce(!ain )oi) !he e(o(+ance +a(gin in hich ca)e i! can ,e (e(e)en!e/ ,y i!) (o,a,ili!y /i)!(i,u!ion1

Qualiica!ion ac!i.i!y Ac!i.i!ie) ai+e/ a! (o.i/ing e.i/ence !ha! ailu(e +o/e) a(e a/e6ua!ely a//(e))e/ e1g1 !e)!)analy)e) /ocu+en!a!ion o (e.iou) e<e(ience an/ /e.elo+en! o oe(a!ional (oce/u(e)81

Qualiica!ion ha)e The ,a)ic !echnology 6ualiica!ion (oce)) a) e(o(+e/ !o ,(ing !he !echnology (o+ one6ualiica!ion-)!a!e +ile)!one !o !he ne<! +ile)!one1

Qualiica!ion (og(a++e

&8 Succe))i.e e(o(+ance o !he ,a)ic !echnology 6ualiica!ion (oce)) i!h inc(e+en!al6ualiica!ion +ile)!one) a! inc(ea)ing le.el o /e!ail1

28 Succe))i.e e(o(+ance o !he ,a)ic !echnology 6ualiica!ion (oce)) o( 6ualiica!ion i!hinc(e+en!al i+(o.e+en! o !he 6ualiica!ion li+i!)1

Qualiica!ion !ea+ The aoin!e/ !ea+ o eole i!h (ele.an! *nole/ge )*ill) o( e<e(ience !o ca((y ou! !he6ualiica!ion1

Qualiica!ion )!age &8 The ,a)ic !echnology 6ualiica!ion (oce)) a) e(o(+e/ !o i+(o.e !he )eciie/ li+i!)i!hin hich !he !echnology i) 6ualiie/1

28 Technology 6ualiica!ion o( )!(ic!e( li+i!) !han !he inal goal1

Qualiica!ion )!a!e The +ile)!one a! co+le!ion o a 6ualiica!ion ha)e1

Relia,ili!y The a,ili!y o an i!e+ !o e(o(+ a (e6ui(e/ unc!ion un/e( gi.en con/i!ion) o( a gi.en !i+ein!e(.al o( a! a )eciie/ con/i!ion1 In 6uan!i!a!i.e !e(+) i! i) one &8 +inu) !he ailu(e (o,a,ili!y1

Ri)* The 6uali!a!i.e o( 6uan!i!a!i.e li*elihoo/ o an acci/en! o( unlanne/ e.en! occu((ing con)i/e(e/in conunc!ion i!h !he o!en!ial con)e6uence) o )uch a ailu(e1 In 6uan!i!a!i.e !e(+) (i)* i) !he

(o,a,ili!y o a /eine/ ailu(e +o/e !i+e) i!) con)e6uence )ee Sec1G1@1

Ri)* con!(ol +ea)u(e Tho)e +ea)u(e) !a*en !o (e/uce !he (i)*) !o !he oe(a!ion o !he )y)!e+ an/ !o !he heal!h an/)ae!y o e()onnel a))ocia!e/ i!h i! o( in i!) .icini!y ,y4

5 (e/uc!ion in !he (o,a,ili!y o ailu(e 5 +i!iga!ion o !he con)e6uence) o ailu(e

G&idance note9

The u)ual o(/e( o (ee(ence o (i)* (e/uc!ion +ea)u(e) i)4

a8 inhe(en! )ae!y

,8 (e.en!ion

c8 /e!ec!ion

/8 con!(ol

e8 +i!iga!ion

8 e+e(gency (e)on)e1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

Relia,ili!y The a,ili!y o an i!e+ !o -e(o(+ a (e6ui(e/ unc!ion un/e( gi.en con/i!ion) o( a gi.en !i+e in!e(.alo( a! a )-eciie/ con/i!ion1 In 6uan!i!a!i.e !e(+) i! i) one &8 +inu) !he ailu(e -(o,a,ili!y1

Term Definition

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The olloing a,,(e.ia!ion) a(e u)e/4

Sae!y The )!a!e o ,eing )ae1 A !echnology i) )ae i i! ill no! ail un/e( o(e)eea,le /e+an/) lea/ing!o lo)) o lie inu(y nega!i.e en.i(on+en!al i+ac! o( unacce!a,le econo+ic lo)) an/ i i! i)unli*ely !o ail un/e( e<!(ao(/ina(y ci(cu+)!ance)1

Sae!y +a(gin The /ie(ence ,e!een caaci!y an/ /e+an/ e1g1 loa/ eec!81 hen ei!he( !he caaci!y o(/e+an/ i) unce(!ain )o i) !he +a(gin1 Then !he +a(gin can ,e (e(e)en!e/ ,y i!) (o,a,ili!y/i)!(i,u!ion1 Secial ca)e o Performance argin18

Su,)!an!ia!e To /e+on)!(a!e ,y E.i/ence an/ A(gu+en! o( a /eine/ Con!e<!1Technology A ay !o (o.i/e a unc!ion )uch a) ,y co+,ining +e!ho/) !echni6ue) )*ill) e6ui+en! !ool)

o( +a!e(ial)81

TechnologyQualiica!ion

The (oce)) o (o.i/ing !he e.i/ence !ha! !echnology ill unc!ion i!hin )eciie/ li+i!) i!han acce!a,le le.el o coni/ence1

G&idance note9

Technology Qualiica!ion can ,e )een a) !he (oce)) o )u,)!an!ia!ing a Clai+ a,ou! (o.i)ion o unc!ion hich i) no! co.e(e/ ,y Vali/a!e/ Re6ui(e+en!) al(ea/y1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

TechnologyQualiica!ion 9a)i)

The ,ench+a(* again)! hich !he )ucce)) o !he e(o(+ance o !he !echnology i) +ea)u(e/Sec1@81

Technology

Qualiica!ionP(og(a++e

The (a+eo(* in hich !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) i) e<ecu!e/ a) /e!aile/ in Sec11

TechnologyQualiica!ion Plan

The 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) )eciie/ i!h !he u(o)e o gene(a!ing 6ualiica!ion e.i/ence an/ !helogical /een/encie) ,e!een !he in/i.i/ual iece) o 6ualiica!ion e.i/ence1

Th(ea! A o!en!ial (i)* i!h )igniican! unce(!ain!y a,ou! !he con)e6uence o ailu(e o( li*elihoo/ ooccu((ence !ha! (e6ui(e) u(!he( in.e)!iga!ion !o ei!he( 6uan!iy a) a (i)* o( (e+o.e (o+ u(!he(con)i/e(a!ion1

#nce(!ain!y A )!a!e o ha.ing li+i!e/ *nole/ge !ha! +a*e) i! i+o))i,le !o e<ac!ly /e)c(i,e !he e<i)!ing )!a!eo( u!u(e ou!co+e)81

Vali/a!e To )u,)!an!ia!e !ha! )o+e!hing i) (ele.an! an/ co+le!e1

Ve(iica!ion Coni(+a!ion ,y e<a+ina!ion an/ (o.i)ion o o,ec!i.e e.i/ence !ha! )eciie/ (e6ui(e+en!)ha.e ,een ulille/ ISO G024&BB81

CD Co+u!a!ional lui/ Dyna+ic)

DNV De! No()*e Ve(i!a)

AT ac!o(y Acce!ance Te)!

EM ini!e Ele+en! Me!ho/

MEC8A ailu(e Mo/e) Eec! an/ C(i!icali!y8 Analy)i)

T aul! T(ee

:AFID :AFa(/ IDen!iica!ion

:AFOP :AFa(/ an/ OPe(a,ili!y )!u/y

IO Inu!Ou!u!

$C$ $ie!i+e a! !he acce!a,le Coni/ence $e.elMTT Mean Ti+e To ailu(e

NDT Non-De)!(uc!i.e Te)!ing

PD P(o,a,ili!y o ailu(e on De+an/

QAQC Quali!y A))u(anceQuali!y Con!(ol

RAMS8 Relia,ili!y A.aila,ili!y Main!aina,ili!y an/ Sae!y8

R9D Relia,ili!y 9loc* Diag(a+

RP Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice

S:E Sae!y :eal!h an/ En.i(on+en!

SRA S!(uc!u(al Relia,ili!y Analy)i)

TA Technology A))e))+en!

TQ Technology Qualiica!ion

TQ9 Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)

TQP Technology Qualiica!ion Plan

TR$ Technology Rea/ine)) $e.el )ee Aen/i< 918

Term Definition

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-ec.$ 3ntroduction !age (%

$$ Technolog( )&ali"ication Res&lts and their Use

The (e)ul! o !he 6ualiica!ion i) /ocu+en!a!ion o e.i/ence !ha! !he !echnology +ee!) !he )eciie/(e6ui(e+en!) o( !he in!en/e/ u)e i+lying4

5 !he (o,a,ili!y /en)i!y /i)!(i,u!ion o( !he )e(.ice lie!i+e i) /e!e(+ine/ an/o( 5 !he (elia,ili!y i) /e!e(+ine/ an/o( 5 )uicien! +a(gin) a(e /eine/ again)! )eciie/ ailu(e +o/e) o( !oa(/) )eciie/ e(o(+ance !a(ge!)1

O( in !he ca)e !ha! !he 6ualiica!ion eo(!) )houl/ ail !he (e)ul! i) /ocu+en!a!ion o all !he collec!e/ e.i/encean/ i/en!iica!ion o !ho)e )eciie/ (e6ui(e+en!) !ha! e(e +e! an/ !ho)e !ha! e(e no! +e! u)ing !he a.aila,le(e)ou(ce)1

The 6ualiica!ion (e)ul!) can ,e u)e/4

5 a) an acce!ance o( i+le+en!a!ion o !echnology 5 a) !he ,a)i) o( co+a(ing al!e(na!i.e !echnologie) 5 a) inu! in !he e.alua!ion o !he (elia,ili!y o a la(ge( )y)!e+1 5 a) /ocu+en!a!ion o !echnology 6ualiica!ion )!a!e 5 in /ocu+en!ing (egula!o(y co+liance1

$' Doc&,entation Re:&ire,ents and Con"identialit(

$'1 Doc&,entation to .e *ro7ided

Docu+en!a!ion o( !he !echnology ,eing 6ualiie/ )houl/ con!ain all !he ino(+a!ion (e6ui(e/ !o a))e)) i!)no.el a)ec!) a! a le.el o /e!ail )ui!a,le o( i!) e<i)!ing )!age o /e.elo+en!1 All e.i/ence on hich !he6ualiica!ion a) ,a)e/ )houl/ ,e (e)en!1 Each )!e o !he Qualiica!ion P(oce)) )houl/ (o.i/e )uicien!!(an)a(ency !o allo in/een/en! a))e))+en! o !he 6ualiica!ion conclu)ion)1 All /ocu+en!) )hall ,e *e! u!o /a!e !h(oughou! !he Qualiica!ion P(oce))1

The /ocu+en!a!ion )hall (o.i/e !(acea,ili!y (o+ !he 6ualiica!ion e.i/ence .ia !he 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) !heailu(e +o/e) !he (e6ui(e+en!) in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) !h(ough !o !he 6ualiica!ionconclu)ion)1 I! )hall )ho !he (ea)oning u)e/ !o /e+on)!(a!e ulil+en! o !he (e6ui(e+en!) i1e1 e<(e)) !heA(gu+en!81

The inal )e! o /ocu+en!) no(+ally inclu/e) olloing4

Technology:

5 Ou!line o !he goal1 5 unc!ional )eciica!ion1 5 7ene(al a((ange+en! /(aing) i!h o)i!ion nu+,e() (ela!e/ !o a(! li)! an/ +a!e(ial) i/en!iica!ion an/

lay-ou! /(aing)1 5 Ma!e(ial) )eciica!ion) inclu/ing /ocu+en!a!ion o !hei( e(o(+ance in !he in!en/e/ oe(a!ing con/i!ion)

an/ he!he( o( no! )e(.ice e<e(ience in !he)e con/i!ion) e<i)!)1 Thi) inclu/e) all ino(+a!ion (e6ui(e/ !oen)u(e !(acea,ili!y (o+ !he )eciica!ion) all !he ay !h(ough !o +anuac!u(ing an/ a))e+,ly1

5 De!aile/ /(aing) o i!e+) )u,ec! !o 6ualiica!ion1 5 P(oce)) an/ in)!(u+en! /iag(a+) inclu/ing con!(ol an/ )ae!y )y)!e+)1 5 Quali!y a))u(ance lan1

Docu+en!a!ion o !he 6ualiica!ion )hall inclu/e !he olloing he(e alica,le4

Design criteria:

5 Ree(ence) i!h u)!iica!ion !o alie/ )!an/a(/) (ule) an/ (egula!ion)1 5 Ree(ence !o o!he( c(i!e(ia1

Documentation of !ey items in the Technology "ualification Process described in this Recommended Practice:

5 The co+-o)i!ion o !he !echnology an/ e.alua!ion o no.el ele+en!) Sec181 5 Th(ea! a))e))+en! inclu/ing )eciica!ion o e()onnel co+e!ence an/ ailu(e +o/e (egi)!e( Sec1G81 5 $i)! o all a))u+!ion) +a/e in !he inal !h(ea! a))e))+en!1 5 All 6ualiica!ion e.i/ence ,(ough! in!o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce))1 5 De)c(i!ion an/ u)!iica!ion o +e!ho/) (oce/u(e) e<e(ience analy)i) an/ !e)!)8 alie/ in !he

6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) Sec1B81 5 All (e)ul!) (o+ !he 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie)1

5 Docu+en!a!ion o (e)ul!ing (o,a,ili!ie) o o( +a(gin) !o ailu(e +o/e) o( +a(gin) !o )eciie/ +ini+u+ e(o(+ance (e6ui(e+en!) Sec1&081

5 $i+i!ing .alue) +a<i+u+ o( +ini+u+8 o( unc!ion) in !he analy)e) an/ !e)!) )uch a) !he caaci!y o a u+ Sec1&081

5 Sy)!e+ (elia,ili!y Sec1&&81

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-ec.$ 3ntroduction !age ((

anufacturing and installation:

5 +anuac!u(ing an/ a,(ica!ion (oce/u(e) 5 )eciica!ion) o +a!e(ial inclu/ing ce(!iica!e) a) (ele.an!8 5 +anuac!u(ing (eco(/) 5 e()onnel 6ualiica!ion (eco(/) 5 in)!alla!ion (oce/u(e) an/ (eco(/)

#peration:

5 (ele.an! oe(a!ional (oce/u(e) 5 )e(.ice con!e<! i!h (ange o alloa,le en.i(on+en!al an/ oe(a!ing con/i!ion) 5 con/i!ion +anage+en! (og(a++e i!h )eciica!ion o in!en/e/ in)ec!ion +ain!enance an/ (eai(

)!(a!egy an/ in)ec!ion an/ +ain!enance (oce/u(e)1

Revisions:

5 Reco(/) o all /ocu+en! (e.i)ion) inclu/ing con!en! o (e.i)ion1

$'$ Con"identialit(

Coni/en!iali!y )hall no! li+i! !he /ocu+en!a!ion (o+ ,eing +a/e a.aila,le o( !he Technology Qualiica!ionP(oce))1

G&idance note9I! i) a))u+e/ !ha! coni/en!iali!y ag(ee+en!) )hall ,e in lace ,e!een a(!ie)1 Sc(u!iny o !he /ocu+en!a!ion ,y6ualiica!ion !ea+ +ay ollo !h(ee al!e(na!i.e (ou!e)4

- An oen 6ualiica!ion )che+e1 Thi) i+lie) !ha! all ino(+a!ion i) a.aila,le !o !he 6ualiica!ion !ea+1

- A 6ualiica!ion oen !o a !hi(/ a(!y an/ in/i.i/ual e<e(!) ho a(e (ecogni)e/ ,y all a(!ie) in.ol.e/1

- The o(iginal 6ualiica!ion /ocu+en!a!ion i) no! acce))i,le1 ull unc!ion an/ en/u(ance !e)!) acco(/ing !o !he)eciica!ion) +u)! /ocu+en! !he 6ualiica!ion in a//i!ion !o !he )ulie() )!a!e+en! o 6ualiica!ion1

The la!!e( no(+ally i+lie) +o(e e<!en)i.e !e)!ing1 The)e !e)!) )hall /e+on)!(a!e acce!a,le +a(gin) o( allcon/i!ion) i1e1 all alica,le co+,ina!ion) o c(i!ical a(a+e!e()1 A +ini+u+ o ino(+a!ion +u)! ,e a.aila,le !oallo i/en!iica!ion o !he c(i!ical a(a+e!e() an/ c(i!ical co+,ina!ion) in o(/e( !o )eciy !he !e)!)1 o( e6ui+en! i!u(!he( i+lie) !e)!ing o a )uicien! nu+,e( o uni!) !o /e.elo )!a!i)!ical /a!a an/ a(a+e!e( eec!) a) (ele.an!1 Thi)+e!ho/ i) )o+e!i+e) u)e/ o( elec!(onic )y)!e+)1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

$'' Re"erencing :&ali"ication e7idence

The 6ualiica!ion )hall (ee(a,ly ,e e(o(+e/ i!h (ee(ence !o gene(ally (ecogni)e/ an/ u)!iie/ )!an/a(/)in/u)!(y (ac!ice) o( )eciica!ion)1 o( !echnology he(e !he(e i) no )!an/a(/ in/u)!(y (ac!ice o( )eciica!ion a.aila,le con)i/e(a!ion )houl/ ,e gi.en !o u)ing /ocu+en!) /e)c(i,ing co+a(a,le !echnologie)in hich ca)e only !he (ele.an! a(!) )hall ,e u)e/ an/ clea(ly (ee(ence/1

G&idance note9

S!an/a(/) o( =!o)i/e)> e6ui+en! an/ )y)!e+) /o no! co.e( alica!ion) =)u,)ea> an/ =/on-hole>1 The(eo(e only(ele.an! a(!) )houl/ ,e (ee(ence/1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

I !he)e /ocu+en!) ail !o (o.i/e all !he ino(+a!ion nee/e/ 6ualiica!ion can ,e ,a)e/ on /e+on)!(a!inge6ui.alence i!h !ho)e /ocu+en!)1 In !ha! ca)e !he (e6ui(e+en!) !o hich e6ui.alence i) /e+on)!(a!e/ )hall ,eclea(ly (ee(ence/1 In ca)e !he(e i) no co+a(a,le )!an/a(/ in/u)!(y (ac!ice o( )eciica!ion 6ualiica!ion)hall ,e ,a)e/ /i(ec!ly on e.i/ence (o+ e)!a,li)he/ enginee(ing (ac!ice analy)e) an/ !e)!)1

Ta,le 2-& li)!) )o+e )!an/a(/) !ha! can ,e alica,le a) 6ualiica!ion e.i/ence (o.i/e/ !ha! !he !echnology i)i!hin !he )coe o !he )!an/a(/1

u(!he( gui/ance o( !echnology 6ualiica!ion can ,e oun/ in !e<! ,oo*) in !he oen li!e(a!u(e1 Ta,le 2-2 (o.i/e) )o+e e<a+le)1

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-ec.$ 3ntroduction !age ($

$+ =eri"ication and Third !art( %n7ol7e,ent

A !hi(/ a(!y i) !yically a))igne/ !o4

5 A))e)) !he (ele.ance an/ co+le!ene)) o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e an/ !he ac!i.i!ie) in!he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan1

5 Pe(o(+ in/een/en! analy)e) an/ !e)!) !o .e(iy !he .ali/i!y o !he 6ualiica!ion e.i/ence an/ conclu)ion)1 5 A))e)) an/ i!ne)) !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) o( )eciic analy)e) an/ !e)!) !o coni(+

co+liance i!h !hi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice1 5 Coni(+ co+liance i!h )eciie/ )!an/a(/)1

The)e .e(iica!ion ac!i.i!ie) )hall ollo a lan1 Thi) lan )hall clea(ly i/en!iy !he ele+en! o !echnology6ualiica!ion ,eing a//(e))e/1 The .e(iica!ion )hall ,e )uo(!e/ ,y a (eo(! o( )!a!e+en! hich )a!i)ac!o(ilyco.e() !he con!en! o !hi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice1

All ele+en!) o !he !echnology !ha! a(e con)i/e(e/ (o.en )hall ,e .e(iie/ !o ,e in co+liance i!h .ali/a!e/(e6ui(e+en!) (o+ )oun/ enginee(ing (ac!ice) alica,le )!an/a(/ o( e(o(+ance (eco(/ !ha! /e+on)!(a!e)!he nece))a(y e.i/ence1

Ta.le $61 So,e standards that are a**lica.le as :&ali"ication e7idence *ro7ided that the technolog( is 8ithin thesco*e o" the standard

$d. %o. %ame

DNV-OS DNV )e(ie) o O)ho(e S!an/a(/)

DNV-RP DNV )e(ie) o Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice)

DNV Rule) DNV Rule) o( Cla))iica!ionDNV CN DNV )e(ie) o Cla))iica!ion No!e)

DNV-RP-D20& In!eg(a!e/ So!a(e-Deen/en! Sy)!e+) 200B1

API RP &N A+e(ican Pe!(oleu+ In)!i!u!e Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice o( Su, )ea P(o/uc!ion Sy)!e+(elia,ili!y an/ Technical Ri)* Manage+en! 200B

9S H@0 Relia,ili!y o )y)!e+) e6ui+en! an/ co+onen!)

- Pa(! H 7ui/e !o ailu(e +o/e) eec! an/ c(i!icali!y analy)i) MEA an/ MECA8

- Pa(! G 7ui/e !o a))e))+en! o (elia,ili!y o )y)!e+) con!aining )o!a(e

IEC @0300-& Deen/a,ili!y +anage+en!1

IEC @&H0G In!e(na!ional Elec!(o !echnical Co++i))ion unc!ional )ae!y o elec!(icalelec!(onic (og(a++a,le elec!(onic )ae!y (ela!e/ )y)!e+) a(! &- 2000

IEEE &0@& In)!i!u!e o Elec!(ical an/ Elec!(onic) Enginee() IEEE &0@& S!an/a(/ o( a So!a(eQuali!y Me!(ic) Me!ho/ology &BBG

ISOIEC 7ui/e BG-34200G 7ui/e !o !he E<(e))ion o #nce(!ain!y in Mea)u(e+en!) 200G81

ISOIEC B&2@ In!e(na!ional O(gania!ion o( S!an/a(/ia!ion So!a(e enginee(ing -- P(o/uc! 6uali!y1

ISO &22 Pe!(oleu+ an/ ga) in/u)!(ie) -Collec!ion an/ e<change o (elia,ili!y an/ +ain!enance /a!a o( e6ui+en!1

ISOIEC 2002 In!e(na!ional O(gania!ion o( S!an/a(/ia!ion Co/e o P(ac!ice o( Ino(+a!ion Secu(i!yManage+en! 200H

ISOIEC 20&0 In!e(na!ional O(gania!ion o( S!an/a(/ia!ion Sy)!e+) an/ So!a(e Enginee(ing --Reco++en/e/ (ac!ice o( a(chi!ec!u(al /e)c(i!ion o )o!a(e-in!en)i.e )y)!e+) 200

F-0&@ NORSOK STANDARD Regula(i!y Manage+en! ; Relia,ili!y Technology

Ta.le $6$ So,e te4t .oo5s *ro7iding g&idance that is &se"&l in technolog( :&ali"icationCoo*e R1M1 &'perts in (ncertainty: #pinion and Sub)ective Probability in Science* O<o(/ #ni.e()i!y P(e)) &BB&

Ma/)en :1 O1 K(en* S $in/ N1 C1 ethods of Structural Safety. Do.e( Pu,lica!ion) 200@

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-ec.& Technology 7ualification #pproach and !rinciples !age (&

' Technolog( )&ali"ication A**roach and !rinci*les

A )y)!e+) a(oach i) i+le+en!e/ in !hi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice !o en)u(e !ha! !he unc!ional )eciica!ionan/ a))ocia!e/ ailu(e +echani)+) a(e (ele.an! an/ co+le!e1 The gene(al a(oach )hall ,e a) ollo)4

5 The Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) )hall ,e ,a)e/ on a )y)!e+a!ic (i)* ,a)e/ a(oach an/ e(o(+e/ ,y a 6ualiica!ion !ea+ o))e))ing all (e6ui(e/ co+e!encie)1

5 The !echnology )hall ,e )c(eene/ !o i/en!iy !he no.el ele+en!) a) !he)e con!ain !he +o)! )igniican!

unce(!ain!y1 Thi) unce(!ain!y can ,e a))ocia!e/ i!h !he !echnology i!)el i!) in!en/e/ u)e o( !he in!en/e/oe(a!ing en.i(on+en!1 Qualiica!ion eo(!) )hall ocu) on !he)e no.el ele+en!)1

5 hen unce(!ain!ie) a(e la(ge i!e(a!ion) in !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) )houl/ ,e e(o(+e/ !o/e!ec! an/ co((ec! o( /e.ia!ion)1

5 Po))i,le ailu(e +o/e) o !he !echnology )hall ,e i/en!iie/1 Thei( c(i!icali!y )hall ,e /e!e(+ine/ ,a)e/ on!hei( (i)* an/ (ee(a,ly !hei( con!(i,u!ion !o !he o.e(all )y)!e+ (i)*1

5 ailu(e +o/e) !ha! a(e no! i/en!iie/ +ay o)e a (i)*1 Thi) (e)i/ual (i)* i) +i!iga!e/ ,y en)u(ing !ha! !he(ele.an! co+e!encie) a(e u)e/ ,y challenging +in/-)e!) an/ c(i!ical a))u+!ion) /u(ing 6ualiica!ione1g1 ,y co+onen! !e)!) an/ (o!o!ye !(ial)8 an/ ,y a/o!ing an e.olu!iona(y a(oach i!h inc(e+en!al/e.elo+en! an/ ini!ial u)e in con/i!ion) he(e (i)* i) li+i!e/1

5 Ele+en!) o !he !echnology !ha! a(e no! no.el )hall ,e .e(iie/ )ea(a!ely in co+liance i!h a .ali/a!e/)e! o (e6ui(e+en!) )uch a) (o+ an alica,le )!an/a(/ o( o!he( )eciica!ion8 u)ing !he )a+e le.el o )c(u!iny !ha! oul/ ,e alie/ hen .e(iying (o.en !echnologie)1

5 The le.el o !he 6ualiica!ion eo(! )hall ,e )uicien! !o accoun! o( !he unce(!ain!y a))ocia!e/ i!h !he!echnology an/ +ee! !he unc!ional )eciica!ion e1g1 (elia,ili!y )ae!y an/ e(o(+ance81 7(ea!e( unce(!ain!y (e6ui(e) la(ge( eo(!) o( highe( +a(gin) !o +ee! a gi.en (e6ui(e+en!1 :ighe( le.el o o!i+i)a!ion (e6ui(e) +o(e eo(!) !o (e/uce unce(!ain!ie) !o an acce!a,le le.el1

5 hen (ac!ica,le analy)e) )hall ,e u)e/ !o ulil !he (e6ui(e+en!) o !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)Sec1@81

5 E<e(! u/ge+en! u)e/ a) 6ualiica!ion e.i/ence )hall ,e /ocu+en!e/ an/ !(acea,le1 5 Con)i/e(a!ion o QA QC (e6ui(e+en!) o( +anuac!u(ing a))e+,ly in)!alla!ion )!a(!-u co++i))ioning

in)ec!ion (eai( an/ /eco++i))ioning o )y)!e+) e6ui+en! o( co+onen!) )hall ,e co.e(e/ ,y !he6ualiica!ion i !he)e /e.ia!e (o+ !he (ac!ice) gi.en ,y .ali/a!e/ )e!) o (e6ui(e+en!) )uch a) alica,le)!an/a(/)1

The olloing (incile) go.e(n 6ualiica!ion acco(/ing !o !hi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice4

5 An o.e(all i!e(a!i.e 6ualiica!ion )!(a!egy )hall ,e i+le+en!e/ !o !a*e !he !echnology (o+ i!) e<i)!ing)!a!e o /e.elo+en! an/ 6ualiica!ion !o !he !a(ge! 6ualiica!ion )!a!e a) /e!e(+ine/ ,y i!) TechnologyQualiica!ion 9a)i)1

5 Seciica!ion) an/ (e6ui(e+en!) )hall ,e clea(ly /eine/ 6uan!iie/ an/ /ocu+en!e/1 5 The e(o(+ance +a(gin) )hall ,e e)!a,li)he/ ,a)e/ on (ecognie/ +e!ho/) an/ )!an/a(/) o( ,a)e/ on !he

co+,ina!ion) o all unce(!ain!ie) o !he /a!a oe(a!ion analy)e) an/ !e)!)1 5 The 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) analy)i) !e)!ing /ocu+en!a!ion o (e.iou) e<e(ience e!c18 )hall ai+ a!

challenging !he ailu(e +o/e) o( !he (ange o con/i!ion) e<ec!e/ in u)e1 5 The e.i/ence (o.i/e/ an/ !he a))ocia!e/ unce(!ain!ie) )hall ,e /ocu+en!e/ an/ !(acea,le along i!h !he

e)!a,li)he/ )ae!y an/ e(o(+ance +a(gin)1 5 Mo/el (e/ic!ion) )hall ,e .e(iie/ ,y e+i(ical e.i/ence ei!he( (o.i/e/ a) a(! o !he 6ualiica!ion o(

i!h (ee(ence !o (e.iou) o(*81 5 hen )e(.ice e<e(ience i) u)e/ a) e.i/ence i! )hall ,e /ocu+en!e/ an/ .ali/a!e/ !he e<e(ience +u)! ,e

(ele.an! an/ a! *non oe(a!ing con/i!ion)en.i(on+en!al con/i!ion) an/ +u)! challenge !he c(i!ical

ailu(e +o/e) o !he !echnology1 5 The +a!e(ial unc!ional a(a+e!e() an/ li+i!) u)e/ in analy)e) e1g1 yiel/ )!(eng!h (ic!ion ac!o() an/

!he(+al e<an)ion coeicien!)8 )hall ,e ,a)e/ on /a!a (o+ !e)!) (ecognie/ li!e(a!u(e o( ,e /e!e(+ine/ ,ye<e(! u/ge+en! ,a)e/ on )uch /a!a1

5 hen unce(!ain c(i!ical a(a+e!e() go.e(n ailu(e +o/e) !h(ea!ening lie o( !he en.i(on+en! !he a(a+e!e( eec!) )hall ,e ,a)e/ on e+i(ical e.i/ence an/ no! )u,ec!i.e 6uali!a!i.e8 u/ge+en! alone1

5 The 6ualiica!ion conclu)ion) inclu/ing any (e6ui(e+en!) !o +anuac!u(ing a))e+,ly in)!alla!ion an/oe(a!ion o !he !echnology )hall ,e /ocu+en!e/1

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-ec.0 Technology 7ualification !rogramme !age (0

+ Technolog( )&ali"ication !rogra,,e

The Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a+ (o.i/e) a (a+eo(* o( +anaging 6ualiica!ion (og(e))1

+1 Technolog( De7elo*,ent and )&ali"ication !rogress

The unce(!ain!ie) an/ ailu(e (o,a,ili!y gene(ally /ec(ea)e a) a !echnology e.ol.e) !h(ough )!age) o /e.elo+en! an/ a) *nole/ge an/ e.i/ence i) gene(a!e/ !h(ough !echnology 6ualiica!ion1 The Technology

Qualiica!ion P(oce)) can ,e (un !h(oughou! !he /e.elo+en! o !he !echnology o( ,e )!a(!e/ a! any !i+e in !he/e.elo+en!1 igu(e -& illu)!(a!e) !ha! unce(!ain!y an/ !he (o,a,ili!y o ailu(e a(e (e/uce/ a) 6ualiica!ion (og(e))e) un!il a (e+aining ailu(e (o,a,ili!y i) /e!e(+ine/1 In ca)e) he(e !he !echnology /e.elo) in a(allel i!h !he 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) !he unce(!ain!y ill o!en inc(ea)e hen +o/iica!ion) a(e in!(o/uce/ ,eo(e ,eing (e/uce/ ,y u(!he( 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie)1

Fig&re +61%ll&stration o" :&ali"ication *rogress "or de7elo*,ent *hases re*resented .( a series o" ,ilestones >MS?

The unce(!ain!y i) )hon in igu(e -& a) (o,a,ili!y /en)i!y unc!ion)1 Qualiica!ion i) conclu/e/ hen !he(e6ui(e+en!) o( )ucce)) a) lai/ /on in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) ha.e ,een (eache/1 Thi) (oce))i) .i)uali)e/ in igu(e -& ,y !he (o,a,ili!y /en)i!y unc!ion o !he ailu(e +a(gin /eine/ in Sec121&1&08

,eing nega!i.e hen ailu(e occu()1 Qualiica!ion conclu/e) )ucce)) occu()8 hen a /eine/ a(! o !he !aile<!en/) ,elo e(o1

In !he ea(ly )!age) o /e.elo+en! a))e))+en! o !he !echnology /een/) hea.ily on e<e(! u/ge+en! o!en(ee((e/ !o a) 6uali!a!i.e a))e))+en!81 The +ain o,ec!i.e i) !o i/en!iy !he +ain unce(!ain!ie)1 Su,)e6uen!ly!he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) a//(e))e) !he +o)! i+o(!an! unce(!ain!ie) an/ g(a/ually (elace) e<e(!

u/ge+en! i!h e+i(ical e.i/ence o!en (ee((e/ !o a) 6uan!i!a!i.e e.i/ence81 :oe.e( an ele+en! o u/ge+en!) ill alay) (e+ain a) !he (eo(!) an/ )!a!e+en!) )uo(!ing !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i))hall o!en /een/ on !he in!e((e!a!ion o e+i(ical e.i/ence1

+$ Contents o" the Technolog( )&ali"ication !rogra,,e

A Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a+ )hall ,e e)!a,li)he/ !o )uo(! !he +anage+en! o !he TechnologyQualiica!ion P(oce))1 he(e alica,le i! )hall (elec! !he i!e(a!i.e na!u(e o !echnology /e.elo+en! a)illu)!(a!e/ in !he e<a+le in igu(e -21 The (og(a+ )hall al)o con!(ol !he 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) an/ co+lyi!h )!e) lai/ /on in !he (a+eo(* oun/ in igu(e H-&1 Ele+en!) !o ,e inclu/e/ in !he TechnologyQualiica!ion P(og(a++e co+(i)e4

5 6ualiica!ion )!(a!egy 5 c(i!ical a(a+e!e() 5 /eci)ion ga!e) 5 !he 6ualiica!ion !ea+ aoin!e/ !o ca((y ou! !he 6ualiica!ion 5 (e)ou(ce) nee/e/ eole )o!a(eha(/a(e co+e!encie) e!c18 5 (ole) e1g1 /e.eloe( in/een/en! (e.iee( )u,ec! +a!!e( e<e(!) (o.i/ing e<e(ienceanalogue)

in/een/en! e<e(! con)ul!e/ !o enhance coni/ence in e.i/ence an/ conclu)ion) (o.i/e() o e.i/ence8

5 (e)on)i,ili!ie) )eciy (e6ui(e+en!) co+le!ion o o(* .e(iica!ion +a*e /eci)ion)8 5 in.ol.e+en! o )!a*ehol/e() )uch a) a(!ne() clien!) en/ u)e() )u,-con!(ac!o() au!ho(i!ie) !hi(/ a(!ie) 5 (egula!o(y (e6ui(e+en!) 5 ,u/ge! con)!(ain!) 5 )che/ule an/ +ile)!one)

Technology development phases with qualification milestones

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5 QAQC an/ S:E (e6ui(e+en!) 5 )uly chain (i)*) 5 in!e(ac!ion i!h !echnology an/ ,u)ine)) /e.elo+en! (oce))e) on-going in a(allel i!h !he Technology

Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e1

The Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e )houl/ inco(o(a!e a 6ualiica!ion )!(a!egy !ha! )ho) ho !he!echnology )hall ,e !a*en (o+ i!) e<i)!ing )!age o /e.elo+en! !o i!) goal1 In!e(i+ +ile)!one) (e(e)en!ing

)igniican! achie.e+en! )houl/ ,e e)!a,li)he/1 he(e o))i,le /eci)ion ga!e) a! hich *ey /eci)ion) !o acce!o( (eec! a cou()e o /e.elo+en! o( e6ually in.e)! +o(e !i+e an/ +oney8 )houl/ ,e lin*e/ !o !he achie.e+en!non-achie.e+en! o !he)e +ile)!one)1

Fig&re +6$%ll&stration o" Technolog( )&ali"ication !rogra,,e iterating thro&gh three *hases@ each o" 8hich incl&des a c(cleo" the .asic Technolog( )&ali"ication !rocess detailed in Fig&re -61 that re:&ires to .e s&ccess"&ll( concl&ded.e"ore going on to the ne4t *hase

G&idance note9

Thi) )e6uence o 6ualiica!ion /e.elo+en! +ay inclu/e /eloy+en! in con!(olle/ con/i!ion) !ha! a(e go.e(ne/ ,y)!(ic! li+i!a!ion)1 Then e<e(ience (o+ u)eoe(a!ion in !ho)e con/i!ion) can ,e u)e/ !o u(!he( (e/uce unce(!ain!ie)

in a )u,)e6uen! i!e(a!ion ,y (o.i/ing ino(+a!ion on oe(a!ing (oce/u(e) an/ li+i!a!ion)1Such 6ualiica!ion /e.elo+en! +ay ,e acili!a!e/ ,y !a*ing !he !echnology !h(ough /eine/ /e.elo+en! )!age) )ucha) a (o!o!ye )!age he(e !he )olu!ion i) /e.eloe/ a !echnical e.alua!ion )!age an/ an oe(a!ional e.alua!ion )!age1

A/.an!age) in /eining +ile)!one) in !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e inclu/e !he +ea)u(e+en! o (og(e))!he (e.ie o !echnology 6ualiica!ion )!(a!egy again)! !i+eline) an/ /eci)ion ga!e) an/ !he (e.ie o !echnology/e.elo+en! (og(e)) again)! a ,u)ine)) lan1

I! i) co++on in !he in/u)!(y !o u)e Technology Rea/ine)) $e.el) TR$) )ee A1 918 a) a +ean) o illu)!(a!ing!he /e.elo+en! )!age o a !echnology1 The TR$) a) /eine/ in A1 918 /e)c(i,e ha! ,(oa/ly nee/) !o ,e /one!o (each !he )u,)e6uen! le.el1 TR$) can ,e u)e/ !o +a ou! !he ha)e) o a Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e

(o.i/ing !ha! !hey inclu/e )uicien! /e!ail inclu/ing !he acce!ance c(i!e(ia o( each le.el1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

The (ele.an! a(o.al au!ho(i!y o( !he in!en/e/ )e(.ice )houl/ ,e i/en!iie/1 In a//i!ion !he i+lica!ion) o

!he alica,le (egula!ion) u(i)/ic!ion on !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) )houl/ ,e )hon1I !he !echnology i) an enhancing !echnology he(e a (o.en all-,ac* )olu!ion e<i)!) !he !echnology6ualiica!ion )!(a!egy )houl/ inco(o(a!e !he o))i,ili!y !o (e.e(! !o !he all-,ac* )olu!ion1 o( ena,ling!echnologie) he(e no all-,ac* )olu!ion e<i)!) an/ !he ea)i,ili!y o !he conce! /een/) on a )ucce))ulou!co+e o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e !he !echnology +u)! ully )a!i)y i!) Technology

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Qualiica!ion 9a)i) I i! /oe) no! a /eci)ion )hall ha.e !o ,e +a/e he!he( !o a/o!e/ i! a) i! i) i!h aco++en)u(a!e (e/uc!ion in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)8 al!e( i! o( (eec! i!1

G&idance note9

Suicien! !i+e eo(! an/ (e)ou(ce) )houl/ ,e alloca!e/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan !o unco.e( anyun/a+en!al la) o( (ohi,i!i.e o,)!acle) a) ea(ly a) o))i,le in !he ,a)ic Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

The Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e i) a li.ing /ocu+en! !ha! )houl/ ,e u/a!e/ a!e( each 6ualiica!ion ha)e !o accu(a!ely (elec! !he )!a!u) o !he !echnology1

+' Critical !ara,eters ist

The c(i!ical a(a+e!e() li)! /ocu+en!) li+i!) !ha! +u)! no! ,e e<cee/e/ ei!he( o( o( ,y !he !echnology1 :encehen !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e ha) ,een co+le!e/ !he ,oun/a(y li+i!) o( !he c(i!ical

a(a+e!e() ill (e(e)en! !he li+i!) o( 6ualiica!ion o( oe(a!ing en.eloe i!hin hich !he !echnology i)con)i/e(e/ 6ualiie/1

Key a(a+e!e() )uch a) /i+en)ioning loa/) caaci!ie) ,oun/a(y con/i!ion) an/ unc!ional (e6ui(e+en!) )hall ,e )u++a(i)e/ in a c(i!ical a(a+e!e() li)! u)e/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce))1 Thi) en)u(e) !ha! !he(ele.an! inu! a(a+e!e() u)e/ o( analy)e) an/ !e)!) a(e u/a!e/ a) change) in /e)ign o( (oce/u(e) a(e +a/e1

The c(i!ical a(a+e!e() o( ailu(e +echani)+) +u)! ,e i/en!iie/1 The c(i!ical a(a+e!e() li)! )hall inclu/e !heli+i!) ,oun/a(ie) o !he)e a(a+e!e()1 he(e !he 6ualiica!ion co.e() a (ange e1g1 )ie) o !he (o/uc! o( +a!e(ial g(a/e)8 !he)e (ange) )houl/ ,e /eine/ ,y !hei( (e)ec!i.e c(i!ical a(a+e!e()1 o( unce(!ain

a(a+e!e() a.aila,le ino(+a!ion a,ou! !he le.el o unce(!ain!y )houl/ ,e inclu/e/1

G&idance note9

The 6ualiica!ion eo(! can ,e )i+liie/ ,y na((oing /on oe(a!ional li+i!a!ion) )ie) con)i/e(e/ e!c1 Suchli+i!a!ion) )houl/ !hen ,e )eciie/ in !he c(i!ical a(a+e!e( li)!1 The con)e6uence) o !he)e li+i!a!ion) )houl/ ,ea))e))e/ !o )ee i !hey +e(i! !he 6ualiica!ion eo(!1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

The c(i!ical a(a+e!e() li)! )houl/ ,e e)!a,li)he/ in !he ini!ial ha)e o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce))1I! i) an!icia!e/ !ha! ,o!h !he a(a+e!e() an/ !hei( li+i!) )hall ,e (eine/ o( change/ a) !he TechnologyQualiica!ion P(og(a++e (og(e))e) an/ !he un/e()!an/ing o !he ailu(e +o/e) an/ +echani)+) /e.elo)1

++ )&ali"ication Tea,

The +e+,e() o !he 6ualiica!ion !ea+ )hall ,e i/en!iie/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e an/ !hei( (e)ec!i.e e<e(!i)e /ocu+en!e/1 All c(i!ical a(ea) )hall ,e co.e(e/ ,y !he 6ualiica!ion !ea+ inclu/ing+anuac!u(e an/ en/ u)e1 The e<e(!i)e )houl/ al)o co.e( (egula!o(y (e6ui(e+en!) o( !he !echnology in i!)in!en/e/ u)e1

G&idance note9

An en/ u)e( )houl/ ,e inclu/e/ in !he 6ualiica!ion !ea+ !o (o.i/e oe(a!ional e<e(ience1

Ca(e )houl/ ,e e<e(ci)e/ !o en)u(e !ha! !he !ea+ inclu/e) in/een/en! e<e(!) caa,le o challenging !ea+ +e+,e()i!h .e)!e/ in!e(e)!)1

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-ec.1 The basic Technology 7ualification !rocess !age (4

- The .asic Technolog( )&ali"ication !rocess

The ,a)ic Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) co+(i)e) !he olloing +ain )!e) .i)uali)e/ in igu(e H-&4

5 Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)4 E)!a,li)h a 6ualiica!ion ,a)i) i/en!iying !he !echnology i!) unc!ion) i!)in!en/e/ u)e a) ell a) !he e<ec!a!ion) !o !he !echnology an/ !he 6ualiica!ion !a(ge!)1

5 Technology A))e))+en!4 A))e)) !he !echnology ,y ca!ego(iing !he /eg(ee o no.el!y !o ocu) !he eo(!he(e !he (ela!e/ unce(!ain!y i) +o)! )igniican! an/ i/en!iy !he *ey challenge) an/ unce(!ain!ie)1

5 Th(ea! A))e))+en!4 A))e)) !h(ea!) an/ i/en!iy ailu(e +o/e) an/ !hei( (i)*)1 5 Technology Qualiica!ion Plan4 De.elo a lan con!aining !he 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) nece))a(y !o a//(e))

!he i/en!iie/ (i)*)1 5 E<ecu!ion o !he lan4 E<ecu!e !he ac!i.i!ie) )eciie/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan1 E.i/ence i)

collec!e/ !h(ough e<e(ience nu+e(ical analy)e) an/ !e)!)1

Pe(o(+ance A))e))+en!4 A))e)) he!he( !he e.i/ence (o/uce/ +ee!) !he (e6ui(e+en!) o !he TechnologyQualiica!ion 9a)i)1

Fig&re -61Ste*s in the .asic Technolog( )&ali"ication !rocess

Each )!e o !he (oce)) )hall ,e /ocu+en!e/ +a*ing !he conclu)ion) !(acea,le1 The (e6ui(e/ le.el o /e!ail o( /ocu+en!a!ion !en/) !o inc(ea)e a) !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) (og(e))e)1

ee/,ac* loo) ,e!een !he )!e) i+ly !ha! !he (oce)) i) i!e(a!i.e in na!u(e1 Con)i/e(a!ion )houl/ ,e gi.en!o /e)ign +o/iica!ion !o i+(o.e )ae!y e(o(+ance longe.i!y co)! an/ ea)e o +anuac!u(e o( oe(a!iona+ong)! o!he()1 Mo/iica!ion o )eciica!ion) +ay al)o !a*e lace1 Such +o/iica!ion ill !(igge( ull o(

a(!ial i!e(a!ion) o !he ,a)ic Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) in o(/e( o( !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)!o ,e )a!i)ie/1 The nee/ o( an/ nu+,e( o i!e(a!ion) ill /een/ on ac!o() )uch a)4

5 change) in ,oun/a(y con/i!ion) 5 change) !o !he !echnology e1g1 conce! i+(o.e+en!)8 +o!i.a!e/ ,y 6ualiica!ion (e)ul!) o( e<!e(nal

ac!o() 5 any change) nee/e/ !o accoun! o( 6ualiica!ion (e)ul!) e1g1 !ho)e !ha! lie ou!)i/e !he )eciie/ li+i!)

acce!ance c(i!e(ia8 5 change) in (elia,ili!y an/ o( e(o(+ance e<ec!a!ion) o !he !echnology1

I!e(a!ion) )hall ,e u)e/ !o inco(o(a!e !h(ea!) a) !hey a(e i/en!iie/ ne *nole/ge (o+ o!he( 6ualiica!ionac!i.i!ie) +o(e /e!aile/ *nole/ge a,ou! !he !echnology an/ ca!u(e hen an/ ho !he !echnology ha) ,een+o/iie/1 All +o/iica!ion) )hall ,e i/en!iia,le an/ !(acea,le an/ )hall ,e (elec!e/ in !he u/a!e/ TechnologyQualiica!ion 9a)i)1 Thei( i+ac! )hall ,e a))e))e/ again)! !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1 Mo/iica!ion!o !he !echnology )hall hen (ele.an! ha.e a /eine/ u(o)e e1g14

Qualification Basis

Set the requirements

Technology Assessment (TA)

Novelty and prohibitive obstacles

Qualification plan (Q)

Select qualification methods

Threat Assessment

!ailure modes and ris"s

#$ecution of the plan

%ollect evidence

erformance assessment

&erify compliance with requirements

' o d i f i c a t i o n s

equirements

met

Technology Qualified (TQ)

*es

No

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-ec.1 The basic Technology 7ualification !rocess !age (5

5 (e+o.e a ailu(e +o/e 5 (e/uce !he (o,a,ili!y o occu((ence o( con)e6uence o ailu(e +o/e !o an acce!a,le le.el1 5 (e/uce !he !o!al conce! co)! 5 i+(o.e coni/ence1

Mo/iica!ion) (e6uen!ly occu( /ue !o (oce))e) ou!)i/e !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) )uch a) change)in ,u)ine)) lan o( i+(o.e+en!) in a co+e!i!o() a,ili!y1 The Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e Sec18

)houl/ )eciy !he in!e(ac!ion) i!h !he)e e<!e(nal (oce))e)1Mo/iica!ion) i+ly !ha! (e.iou) )!e) in !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) nee/ !o ,e u/a!e/1 The)eu/a!e) +ay (ange (o+ !he li+i!e/ u/a!e o a(a+e!e() o( (i)* /a!a !o +ao( (eo(* o /ocu+en!) ,a)e/ on!he )!e) in !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce))1 Rega(/le)) o !he e<!en! o !he u/a!e) !(acea,ili!y +u)! ,e+ain!aine/1

G&idance note9

Mo/iica!ion) o a (o!o!ye ill o!en ,e /e)i(a,le /ue !o !he i/en!iica!ion o unnece))a(y la(ge +a(gin) o( )o+eailu(e +echani)+)1 Thi) can lea/ !o change in /i+en)ional !ole(ance) +a!e(ial) )elec!ion an/ !ye o co+onen!)elec!ion1 The eec!) o )uch change) +u)! ,e e.alua!e/ !o a.oi/ in.ali/a!ing !he 6ualiica!ion1 Thi) ill go.e(n

o))i,le (e6ui(e+en!) o( ne !e)!) o( analy)e)1

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So!a(e can ,e 6ualiie/ acco(/ing !o !he )a+e (oce)) ,u! )ince !he /e.elo+en! (oce)) o( )o!a(e /ie()

(o+ !ha! o ha(/a(e gui/ance i) oe(e/ o( )o!a(e in A1D1

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-ec.2 Technology 7ualification 8asis !age (6

# Technolog( )&ali"ication 0asis

#1 %ntrod&ction

The u(o)e o !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) i) !o (o.i/e a co++on )e! o c(i!e(ia again)! hich all

6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) an/ /eci)ion) ill ,e a))e))e/1

The Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) )hall /e)c(i,e !he !echnology /eine ho !he !echnology ill ,e u)e/ !heen.i(on+en! in hich i! i) in!en/e/ u)e/ )eciy i!) (e6ui(e/ unc!ion) acce!ance c(i!e(ia an/ e(o(+ancee<ec!a!ion)1 Thi) inclu/e) !he e(o(+ance (e6ui(e+en!) !h(oughou! !he lie cycle o !he !echnology1 The)e(e6ui(e+en!) )hall ,e ulille/ !h(ough !he )!e) in !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce))1

#$ Technolog( Descri*tion

The !echnology )hall ,e una+,iguou)ly an/ co+le!ely /e)c(i,e/ !h(ough !e<! calcula!ion /a!a /(aing) an/o!he( (ele.an! /ocu+en!)1 I! i) i+o(!an! !ha! !he unc!ional /e)c(i!ion an/ li+i!a!ion) o !he !echnology a(e)!a!e/ an/ !ha! all (ele.an! in!e(ace) a(e clea(ly /eine/1 The )eciica!ion )hall i/en!iy all ha)e) o !he ne!echnology) in!en/e/ lie an/ i!) c(i!ical a(a+e!e()1

I! )hall inclu/e a! lea)! !he olloing i!e+)4

5 gene(al )y)!e+ /e)c(i!ion

5 )y)!e+ unc!ion) an/ unc!ional li+i!a!ion)

5 cla))iica!ion an/o( (egula!o(y (e6ui(e+en!)

5 )!an/a(/) an/ in/u)!(y (ac!ice) o( a(!) o !he+ in!en/e/ !o ,e u)e/ o( 6ualiica!ion

5 +ain (incile) o( )!o(age !(an)o(!a!ion in)!alla!ion co++i))ioning oe(a!ion an/ a,an/on+en!

5 +ain!enance an/ oe(a!ion )!(a!egy

5 ,oun/a(y con/i!ion) inclu/ing in!e(acing )y)!e+ (e6ui(e+en!) en.i(on+en! an/ en.i(on+en!al loa/) an/

unc!ional loa/)

5 +ain (incile) o( +anuac!u(ing an/ 6uali!y a))u(ance

5 (ele.an! a(ea) o e<e(!i)e con)i/e(e/ nece))a(y !o un/e()!an/ !he !echnology

5 al(ea/y e<i)!ing e.i/ence clai+e/ !o )uo(! !he 6ualiica!ion1

#' !er"or,ance Descri*tionThe /e)c(i!ion o e(o(+ance )hall ,e 6uan!i!a!i.e an/ co+le!e1

G&idance note9

In ca)e 6uan!i!a!i.e +ea)u(e) a(e no! a.aila,le o( )o+e o !he -e(o(+ance (e6ui(e+en!) e1g1 in !he ea(ly /e.elo-+en!

-ha)e !he 6ualiica!ion o(* can ,e ca((ie/ ou! ,a)e/ on 6uali!a!i.e (e6ui(e+en!) ,u! a) )oon a) -e(o(+ance (e6ui(e+en!)

can ,e (elia,ly 6uan!iie/ !hey )houl/ ,e en!e(e/ in!o !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) an/ !he i+-lica!ion) e.alua!e/1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

The Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) )hall e<(e)) !he e<i)!ing !echnology 6ualiica!ion )!a!e an/ !he (e+aining

+ile)!one) !o co+le!e !he !echnology 6ualiica!ion1 The)e +ile)!one) )hall ,e lai/ /on in 6uan!iia,le !e(+)

e1g1 ,e (elia,ili!y (e6ui(e+en!) (ela!e/ !o )elec!e/ unc!ion)1 O!ionally !hey +ay inclu/e (oec! (i)* i))ue)

)uch a) co)! o.e((un an/ )che/ule (i)*)1Rele.an! acce!ance c(i!e(ia )hall ,e )eciie/ )uch a)4

5 Relia,ili!y a.aila,ili!y an/ +ain!aina,ili!y !a(ge!)1

5 Sae!y heal!h an/ en.i(on+en! S:E8 (e6ui(e+en!)1

5 unc!ional (e6ui(e+en!) an/ +ain /a!a 6uan!iying !he e<ec!a!ion) !o !he !echnology1

Relia,ili!y (e6ui(e+en!) +ay ,e )eciie/ in .a(iou) o(+)1 o( +e/iu+ an/ high-(i)* ailu(e +o/e)

Sec1G1@8 6uan!i!a!i.e (e6ui(e+en!) )hall ,e )eciie/1

G&idance note9

E<a+le) o o(+) o 6uan!i!a!i.e (elia,ili!y (e6ui(e+en!) a(e4

5 The MTT )hall ,e la(ge( !han a )eciie/ .alue

5 The (o,a,ili!y o ailu(e /u(ing a )eciie/ (ee(ence e(io/ e1g1 20 yea()8 )hall ,e le)) !han a )eciie/ .alue

5 E6ui.alence !o !he i+lici! (elia,ili!y le.el o an alica,le in/u)!(y (ac!ice )!an/a(/ o( )eciica!ion1

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-ec.4 Technology #ssessment !age $%

/ Technolog( Assess,ent

The u(o)e o Technology A))e))+en! i) !o /e!e(+ine hich ele+en!) (e6ui(e !echnology 6ualiica!ion an/i/en!iy !hei( *ey challenge) an/ unce(!ain!ie)1

/1 %ntrod&ction

The Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) o(+) !he inu! !o !he Technology A))e))+en!1 The ou!u! i) an in.en!o(y

o !he no.el !echnology ele+en!) an/ !hei( +ain challenge) an/ unce(!ain!ie)1 The Technology A))e))+en!)hall inclu/e !he olloing )!e)4

5 Technology co+o)i!ion analy)i) Sec11281 5 A))e))ing !he !echnology ele+en!) i!h (e)ec! !o no.el!y !echnology ca!ego(ia!ion Sec11381

G&idance note9

The no.el!y a))e))+en! can ,e co+le+en!e/ i!h an a))e))+en! o !echnology /e.elo+en! )!age1 A) an o!ion!hi) can ,e ai/e/ ,y u)ing Technology Rea/ine)) $e.el) TR$)8 acco(/ing !o !he gui/ance (o.i/e/ in A1 911

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5 I/en!iica!ion o !he +ain challenge) an/ unce(!ain!ie) Sec1181

The inu! !o !he Technology A))e))+en! )hall ,e !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1 I! )hall ,e co+le+en!e/

,y )uo(!ing /ocu+en!) inclu/ing ,u! no! li+i!e/ !o4 5 /e!aile/ /(aing) o !he i!e+) !o ,e 6ualiie/ 5 /(aing) an/ /e)c(i!ion o con!(ol an/ )ae!y )y)!e+) 5 +a!e(ial )eciica!ion) 5 ou!line a,(ica!ion (oce/u(e) 5 ou!line in)!alla!ion (oce/u(e) 5 ou!line in)ec!ion an/ +ain!enance (oce/u(e)1 5 e<i)!ing e.i/ence clai+e/ !o )uo(! 6ualiica!ion e1g1 !e)! (eo(!) an/ /ocu+en!a!ion o e<e(ience81

/$ Technolog( Co,*osition Anal(sis

In o(/e( !o ully un/e()!an/ !he no.el ele+en!) o co+oun/ !echnology an/ (o.i/e a +ean) o co++unica!ion ,e!een eole i!h /ie(en! /i)ciline) !he !echnology co+o)i!ion )hall ,e analy)e/1 Thi)i) a !o-/on a))e))+en! !ha! )!a(!) i!h !he )y)!e+-le.el unc!ion) an/ (ocee/) i!h /eco+o)ing !he

!echnology in!o ele+en!) inclu/ing in!e(ace)1G&idance note9

In!e(ace) )houl/ =o.e(la> in o(/e( !o en)u(e !ha! !ho)e (e)on)i,le o( !he /ie(en! a)ec!) o !he !echnology o( )!age) in i!) /e.elo+en! )hall un/e()!an/ each o!he(1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

The !echnology /eco+o)i!ion )houl/ (en/e( one o( +o(e o !he olloing4

5 unc!ion) an/ )u,-unc!ion) i!hou! (ee(ence !o !he !echnical )olu!ion u)e/ !o /eli.e( !he unc!ion81 5 Su,-)y)!e+) an/ co+onen!) i!h unc!ion)1 5 P(oce)) )e6uence) o( oe(a!ion)1 5 P(oec! e<ecu!ion ha)e) ,a)e/ on (oce/u(e) o( +anuac!u(ing in)!alla!ion an/ oe(a!ion1

Each o !he ele+en!) a,o.e +ay inclu/e ha(/a(e an/ )o!a(e1

The !echnology co+o)i!ion analy)i) )hall co.e( all ha)e) o !he lie cycle o !he )y)!e+ e6ui+en! o( co+onen!1 A goal-,a)e/ analy)i) )hall ,e e(o(+e/ !o i/en!iy all (ele.an! unc!ion)1

G&idance note9

$ie cycle ha)e) inclu/e4

- /e)ign

- a,(ica!ion an/ !e)!ing

- !(an)o(!a!ion an/ )!o(age

- in)!alla!ion

- ac!i.a!ion an/ co++i))ioning

- oe(a!ion an/ +ain!enance

- /eco++i))ioning

- (e!(ie.al an/ a,an/on+en!

A li)! o ailu(e +o/e) )houl/ (ee(a,ly ,e e)!a,li)he/ ea(ly in !he /e.elo+en! o !he !echnology an/ )ule+en!e/o( u/a!e/ a) !he (oce)) (og(e))e) inclu/ing !h(ough !o en/ o !he lie cycle1 A li)! o o!en!ial ailu(e +o/e) i))hon in A1A1 Thi) li)! i) )i+ila( !o !(a/i!ional MECA !a,le) ,u! inclu/e) a//i!ional ino(+a!ion1

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-ec.4 Technology #ssessment !age $(

/$1 S(ste, anal(sis &sing ,ain "&nctions and s&.6"&nctions

The unc!ion) a(e cla))iie/ in!o +ain an/ )u,-unc!ion) i!h u(!he( )u,-/i.i)ion a) (e6ui(e/1

G&idance note9

The +ain unc!ion i) a ulil+en! o !he in!en/e/ u(o)e o !he !echnology1 The )u,-unc!ion) a(e !he unc!ion) !ha!)uo(! o( a// u !o !he +ain unc!ion1

Each )y)!e+ o( e6ui+en! i) analy)e/ i!h (e)ec! !o +ain unc!ion) e1g1 u+ing hea! e<changing con!ain+en!

)ea(a!ion1The )u,-unc!ion) a(e nece))a(y o( !he )a!i)ac!o(y i+le+en!a!ion o !he +ain unc!ion e1g1 /e(e))u(i)a!ion)hu!/on (oce)) con!(ol con!ain+en! +oni!o(ing )!a(!-u1

hen /eining ,o!h +ain unc!ion an/ )u,-unc!ion) !he /e)c(i!ion) )houl/ (o.i/e an)e() !o !he olloing6ue)!ion)4

- hen i) !he unc!ion )!a(!e/ u Mo/e o oe(a!ion8

- ha! a(e !he cha(ac!e(i)!ic +o/e) o oe(a!ion Ac!ion)8

- hen i) !he (o,le+ )!oe/

- ha! i) ,eing !(ea!e/ !(an)o(!e/ +oni!o(e/ o( )!o(e/ Me/iu+8

- I a (oce)) he(e i) !he +e/iu+ o( ene(gy /eli.e(e/ (o+ - !o8

- ha! a(e !he e(o(+ance (e6ui(e+en!) Re6ui(e+en!)8

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

o( co+le< )y)!e+) a )y)!e+) enginee(ing a(oach i) (eco++en/e/ u)ing a hie(a(chical )!(uc!u(e lin*ing!he !echnology e<ec!a!ion) goal)8 !o unc!ion) an/ )u,-unc!ion)1 A! !he a(o(ia!e le.el )u,-unc!ion) a(e/elega!e/ !o ha(/a(e o( )o!a(e co+onen!)1 An in!(o/uc!ion !o )y)!e+) enginee(ing a(oache) i) (o.i/e/in A11

/$$ S(ste, anal(sis &sing hard8are co,*onents and &nits

The ha(/a(e )y)!e+ i) )u,/i.i/e/ in!o )u,-)y)!e+) an/ a(!) a) a(o(ia!e1 The +ain unc!ion) a(e/elega!e/ !o !he)e co+onen!) o( !he in!e(ac!ion ,e!een !he+1 I! i) e))en!ial !o ca!u(e ho an/ !he le.el a!hich !he +ain unc!ion) /een/ on !he in!e(ace) an/ in!e(ac!ion) ,e!een !he co+onen!)1

/$' Anal(sis o" so"t8are co,*osition

The )o!a(e i) !yically )u,/i.i/e/ in!o all ea!u(e) caa,ili!ie) an/ 6uali!ie) !ha! aec! !he a,ili!y o !he)o!a(e !o e(o(+ i!) in!en/e/ unc!ion eec!i.ely1 An ou!line o 6ualiica!ion o )o!a(e i) (o.i/e/ in

A1D1

/' Technolog( CategoriBation

No.el !echnologie) !yically e.ol.e (o+ e<i)!ing (o.en !echnologie)1 No(+ally only )o+e ele+en!) o !he!echnology a(e no.el1 #nce(!ain!y i) a))ocia!e/ +ainly i!h !he no.el ele+en!)1 In o(/e( !o ocu) on he(eunce(!ain!y i) g(ea!e)! !he no.el!y ca!ego(ia!ion o Ta,le -& can ,e u)e/1 9o!h !he no.el!y o !he !echnologyi!)el an/ i!) alica!ion a(ea aec! !he unce(!ain!y a))ocia!e/ i!h !he !echnology1

Ele+en!) ca!ego(ie/ a) no.el ca!ego(y 2 3 an/ 8 )hall ,e !a*en o(a(/ !o !he ne<! )!e o TechnologyQualiica!ion o( u(!he( a))e))+en!1

Only *nole/ge an/ e<e(ience !ha! i) documented* traceable and accessible to the +ualification team )houl/ ,e u)e/ !o (e/uce !he /eg(ee o no.el!y1

Thi) ca!ego(ia!ion in/ica!e) !he olloing4

&8 No ne !echnical unce(!ain!ie) (o.en !echnology81

28 Ne !echnical unce(!ain!ie)1

38 Ne !echnical challenge)1

8 De+an/ing ne !echnical challenge)1

Thi) ca!ego(ia!ion alie) !o all o !he !echnology ,eing u)e/ a) ell a) each )ea(a!e ele+en! o i!1Co+o)i!ion analy)i) )i+liie) !he i/en!iica!ion an/ i)ola!ion o no.el ele+en!)1 The !echnologyca!ego(ia!ion /e!e(+ine/ )hall ,e u)e/ !o /i(ec! !he 6ualiica!ion eo(!) ,y ocu)ing on !he /eg(ee o no.el!yhich )hall ,e con)e(.a!i.e1

Ta.le /61 Technolog( CategoriBation

A**lication AreaDegree o" no7elt( o" technolog(

P(o.en $i+i!e/ iel/ :i)!o(y Ne o( #n(o.en

Knon & 2 3

$i+i!e/ Knole/ge 2 3

Ne 3

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-ec.4 Technology #ssessment !age $$

Ca!ego(y & !echnology ele+en!) a(e (o.en i!h no ne !echnical unce(!ain!ie) he(e (o.en +e!ho/) o( .e(iica!ion !e)!) calcula!ion) an/ analy)i) can ,e u)e/ !o (o.i/e !he (e6ui(e/ 6ualiica!ion e.i/ence1 Thein/u)!(y (ac!ice )!an/a(/ o( )eciica!ion .ali/a!e/ !o ,e alica,le o( each (o.en !echnology ele+en! )hall ,e (eco(/e/ in !he Technology A))e))+en! an/ co+lie/ i!h1 Thi) conclu/e) !he a))e))+en! o (o.enele+en!) a) a(! o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce))1 u(!he( /e!ailing o !he)e ele+en!) i) han/le/ ,yo(/ina(y enginee(ing +e!ho/) ou!)i/e !hi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice1

G&idance note9 No!e !ha! i! i) i+o(!an! no! !o o.e(loo* !he (o.en ele+en!) a) !hey +ay ,e c(i!ical o( !he o.e(all e(o(+ance o

!he !echnology1 The)e ele+en!) )houl/ ,e han/le/ !h(ough !he (egula( /e)ign (oce)) en)u(ing co+liance i!h an

alica,le )!an/a(/ o( in/u)!(y (ac!ice i+le+en!ing a/e6ua!e 6uali!y a))u(ance an/ 6uali!y con!(ol !o en)u(e )oun/

enginee(ing /e)ign e1g1 in !he o(+ o in/een/en! /e)ign .e(iica!ion an/ a,(ica!ion ollo-u1 The (o.en

ele+en!) )hall !hen ,e .e(iie/ acco(/ing !o !ha! )!an/a(/ in/u)!(y (ac!ice o( )eciica!ion )ea(a!ely an/ .e(iica!ion

o co+liance )houl/ ,e /one i!h !he )a+e le.el o )c(u!iny a) i no !echnology 6ualiica!ion e(e in.ol.e/1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

E<i)!ing )!an/a(/) )eciica!ion) an/ in/u)!(y )!an/a(/) /o no! ully co.e( no.el ele+en!)1 They a(e u)e/ in!he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) hoe.e( !o o(+ a ,ench+a(* again)! hich !he TechnologyQualiica!ion 9a)i) can ,e )e!1 In!e(ace) ,e!een !he ele+en!) an/ e<!e(nal in!e(ace) nee/ )ecial

con)i/e(a!ion1Ele+en!) in ca!ego(y 2 !o (e6ui(e !echnology 6ualiica!ion an/ ha.e an inc(ea)ing /eg(ee o !echnicalunce(!ain!y1 Ele+en!) alling in!o !he)e ca!ego(ie) )hall ,e 6ualiie/ acco(/ing !o !he o(* (oce)) /e)c(i,e/in !hi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice1 The /eine/ ca!ego(ia!ion +a*e) i! o))i,le !o /i)!ingui)h ,e!een !heno.el!ie) o !he !echnology i!)el an/ i!) alica!ion a(ea) an/ ocu) on !he a(ea) o +o)! conce(n in an i!e(a!i.e+anne(1

G&idance note9

Alica!ion a(ea +ay (ee( !o !he e<e(ience o !he oe(a!ing con/i!ion o( !he en.i(on+en! o( !he u(o)e o( hich

!he )y)!e+ e6ui+en! o( co+onen! )hall ,e u)e/1 A change in !he en.i(on+en! o( /ie(en! alica!ion o !he

!echnology ill lea/ !o inc(ea)e/ unce(!ain!y1 The +o)! unce(!ain ca)e i) no e<e(ience in !he in/u)!(y o( a a(!icula(

alica!ion o !he !echnology in 6ue)!ion in hich ca)e !he ca!ego(y =Ne> oul/ ,e cho)en o( Alica!ion A(ea1

The lea)! unce(!ain ca)e i) hen !he(e i) )uicien!ly /ocu+en!e/ *nole/ge o( !he u)e o !he !echnology ele+en! o( )i+ila( con/i!ion) an/ alica!ion) in hich ca)e !he ca!ego(y =Knon> oul/ ,e cho)en o( =Alica!ion A(ea>1

=No.el!y o !he !echnology> (ee() !o !he !echnology i!)el1 A change in any o !he ele+en!) o e<i)!ing !echnology

a(!) unc!ion) (oce))e) )u,)y)!e+)8 ill lea/ !o inc(ea)e/ unce(!ain!y (e)ul!ing in )elec!ing !he !echnology

no.el!y =$i+i!e/ iel/ :i)!o(y> o( =Ne o( #n(o.en>1 The change +ay ,e (ela!e/ !o ha(/a(e o( )o!a(e

co+onen!) o !he !echnology1 Change +ay ,e (ela!e/ !o !echnology ele+en!) )uch a) ne a(chi!ec!u(e conigu(a!ion

)y)!e+ in!e(ace) an/ inc(ea)e/ (elia,ili!y (e6ui(e+en!)1 The inc(ea)e/ unce(!ain!y +ay change !he o.e(all

e(o(+ance o !he !echnology an/ i!) acce!ance c(i!e(ia1

Technology ca!ego(ia!ion /oe) no! con)i/e( !he con)e6uence o ailu(e1 A) an e<a+le ca!ego(y +ay ,e a))igne/

!o a !echnology ele+en! he(ea) i!) ailu(e +ay ha.e li!!le eec! on o.e(all )y)!e+ e(o(+ance1 I con)i/e(e/ o

.alue !he co+,ina!ion o !echnology ca!ego(ia!ion an/ con)e6uence o ailu(e - o))i,ly in co+,ina!ion i!h o!he(

(ele.an! ac!o() o( !he !echnology - +ay ,e u)e/ !o /e!e(+ine !he !echnology c(i!icali!y1 Such c(i!icali!y +ay ,e u)e/

!o (io(i!i)e 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie)1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

/+ %denti"ication o" Main Challenges and Uncertainties >HA%D?

The +ain challenge) an/ unce(!ain!ie) (ela!e/ !o !he no.el !echnology a)ec!) )hall ,e i/en!iie/ a) a(! o !heTechnology A))e))+en!1 o( co+le< )y)!e+) i! i) (eco++en/e/ !ha! !he +ain challenge) an/ unce(!ain!ie)a(e i/en!iie/ ,y ca((ying ou! a high le.el :AFID :AFa(/ IDen!iica!ion81

G&idance note9

A high le.el :AFID i) a +ean) o i+(o.ing un/e()!an/ing o a )y)!e+ a! an ea(ly )!age o /e.elo+en! an/ !o

i/en!iy hich a(!) o !he )y)!e+ nee/ !o ,e u(!he( /e.eloe/ o( /ocu+en!e/ in +o(e /e!ail (io( !o !h(ea!

a))e))+en!1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

The :AFID can ,e ca((ie/ ou! a) a o(*)ho in.ol.ing a anel o e<e(!) co.e(ing !he nece))a(y iel/) o co+e!ence an/ e<e(ience1 The iel/) o e<e(!i)e co.e(e/ ,y each e<e(! )hall ,e /ocu+en!e/ i!h (ee(ence!o (ele.an! !(aining o(* e<e(ience an/ o!he( (ele.an! (ee(ence)1

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-ec.5 Threat #ssessment !age $&

3 Threat Assess,ent

The o,ec!i.e o !hi) )!e i) !o i/en!iy (ele.an! ailu(e +o/e) i!h un/e(lying ailu(e +echani)+) o( !he no.el!echnology ele+en!) an/ a))e)) !he a))ocia!e/ (i)*)1

Thi) i) u)e/ a) !he ,a)i) o( /eining an/ -(io(i!i)ing !he ac!i.i!ie) in !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan Sec1B81

31 %ntrod&ction

The inu!) !o !he !h(ea! a))e))+en! a(e !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) Sec1@8 an/ !he li)! o !he no.el!echnology ele+en!) /e.eloe/ in !he Technology A))e))+en! Sec181 The ou!u! i) a ailu(e +o/e (egi)!e( con!aining all i/en!iie/ ailu(e +o/e) o conce(n an/ !hei( a))ocia!e/ (i)*)1 Ri)* i) /eine/ ,y !he ailu(e (o,a,ili!y an/ con)e6uence o ailu(e a) /e!aile/ in Sec1G1@1 I!) /e!e(+ina!ion )hall ,e un/e(!a*en a) ollo)4

A ailu(e +o/e a))e))+en! )hall i/en!iy all o))i,le ailu(e +o/e) i!h !hei( un/e(lying ailu(e +echani)+)an/ )hall !a*e in!o accoun! each o !he ha)e) in !he )e(.ice lie o a )y)!e+ e6ui+en! o( co+onen!1 Theailu(e +o/e) )hall ,e (an*e/ ,a)e/ on !hei( (i)* /eine/ ,y (o,a,ili!y o occu((ence an/ con)e6uence8 o( !hei( con!(i,u!ion !o o.e(all (i)*1

All ailu(e +o/e) )hall ,e (egi)!e(e/ an/ han/le/ u)ing an a(o(ia!e (egi)!e( !h(oughou! !he TechnologyQualiica!ion P(oce)) *eeing !(ac* o all inu!) !o - an/ (e)ul!) (o+ - !he a))e))+en! inclu/ing change)a))u+!ion) (i)* ca!ego(y ca!ego(y o !echnology no.el!y ailu(e (o,a,ili!y an/ (ee(ence) !o )ou(ce) o

e.i/ence u)e/ in !he Th(ea! A))e))+en!1 An e<a+le i) (o.i/e/ in A1A1The Th(ea! A))e))+en! con)i)!) o !he olloing *ey )!e)4

5 Reine !he !echnology co+o)i!ion a))e))+en! e(o(+e/ in !he Technology A))e))+en! )!e i nece))a(y1

5 Deine .a(iou) ca!ego(ie) o (o,a,ili!y an/ con)e6uence )e.e(i!y1 Thi) i) /one (io( !o !he i/en!iica!iono ailu(e +o/e)1

5 Deine acce!a,le (i)* ,y con)!(uc!ing a (i)* +a!(i< )hoing ully acce!a,le co+,ina!ion) =lo (i)*>8an/ unacce!a,le co+,ina!ion) =high (i)*>8 a) ell a) in!e(+e/ia!e co+,ina!ion) =+e/iu+ (i)*>8 o !he (o,a,ili!y an/ con)e6uence ca!ego(ie)1

5 I/en!iy all o!en!ial ailu(e +o/e) an/ (an* !hei( (i)* ,y u)ing !he a(o(ia!e +e!ho/1

5 o( each ailu(e +o/e (an* !he (i)* ,y a))igning a con)e6uence cla)) an/ (o,a,ili!y cla)) o( ,y a))e))ing!hei( con!(i,u!ion !o o.e(all )y)!e+ (i)*1 Thi) can ,e ,a)e/ on (e.iou) e<e(ience e<i)!ing e.i/ence an/e<e(! u/ge+en!)1 In !he la!!e( ca)e unce(!ain!ie) )hall ,e (elec!e/ ,y con)e(.a!i.e ca!ego(ia!ion1

5 S!o(e !he ino(+a!ion o( each ailu(e +o/e in !he ailu(e +o/e (egi)!e(1

The Th(ea! A))e))+en! (oce)) can ,e ca((ie/ ou! a) o(*)ho) in.ol.ing a anel o e<e(!) co.e(ing !henece))a(y iel/) o co+e!ence) an/ e<e(ience)1 7ui/ance on a))e))+en! o co+u!e( )o!a(e i) (o.i/e/ inA1D1

3$ Re"ined Technolog( Co,*osition Anal(sis

The !echnology co+o)i!ion analy)i) Sec1128 )hall ,e (e.iee/ a) a(! o !he Th(ea! A))e))+en! an/(eine/ a) nece))a(y1

3' %denti"ication o" Fail&re Modes

E<e(! u/ge+en! i) an e))en!ial a(! o !he Th(ea! A))e))+en!1 Qualiie/ e()onnel )hall ,e u)e/ !o i/en!iy

o!en!ial ailu(e +o/e) inclu/ing (oo! cau)e) an/ ailu(e +echani)+1 A))e))+en! o !he (o,a,ili!y an/con)e6uence) o ailu(e )hall al)o ,e +a/e1 The e<e(ience an/ a!!ain+en! o !he 6ualiie/ e()onnel )hall ,e/ocu+en!e/1 The /ocu+en!a!ion )hall co.e( all !he ele+en!) co.e(e/ ,y !he ailu(e +o/e e.alua!ion1

A )y)!e+a!ic a(oach o( i/en!iica!ion o o))i,le ailu(e +o/e) an/ !hei( (ela!e/ ailu(e +echani)+) )hall ,e e)!a,li)he/ an/ /e)c(i,e/1

ailu(e +o/e i/en!iica!ion )hall a))ign con)e(.a!i.e (o,a,ili!ie) an/ con)e6uence)1 The u/a!ing o !he (o,a,ili!ie) an/ con)e6uence) )hall !hen con)i/e( !he 6ualiica!ion e.i/ence an/ accoun! o( ea!u(e) )uch a)in)!alla!ion +ain!enance (og(a++e) an/ con/i!ion +oni!o(ing1 Qualiica!ion e.i/ence i) /i)cu))e/ in Sec1B1

G&idance note9

Thi) )y)!e+a!ic can ,e ,a)e/ on !(a/i!ional MECA ,y in/i.i/ual) o( in g(ou o(* )i+ila( !o :AFOP )e))ion)17(ou )e))ion) +igh! i+(o.e !he i/en!iica!ion o o))i,le ailu(e +o/e) in a !echnology co.e(ing )e.e(al!echnological /i)ciline)1

To (e.en! !he o+i))ion o co+oun/ eec!) cau)e/ ,y !he a))u+!ion !ha! +i!iga!ing ac!ion) ill ha.e !a*en lacei! i) (eco++en/e/ !ha! !he /ocu+en!a!ion )hall clea(ly )ho !he e.olu!ion o !he ailu(e +o/e)1

In gene(al a ailu(e can ,e i/en!iie/ a) a ailu(e +o/e a ailu(e cau)e a ailu(e eec! a ailu(e +echani)+ i!h !hea (oo! cau)e ,eing !(acea,le )ee igu(e G-&1

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-ec.5 Threat #ssessment !age $0

Fig&re 361Relationshi* .et8een "ail&re ca&se@ ,ode and e""ect

igu(e G-& !(ace) !he (ela!ion)hi ,e!een a (oo! cau)e an/ !he e.en!ual con)e6uence) o !he ailu(e +echani)+ in aha(/a(e a))e+,ly1 The ailu(e +echani)+ in !he )econ/ colu+n i) )ou(ce o !he ailu(e cau)e in !he !hi(/ colu+n1The ailu(e eec! on !he )eal )u, uni! u+8 an/ e6ui+en! u+ i!h in)!(u+en!) lu,(ica!ion8 i) )hon in eacho !he le.el)1 Such )y)!e+ /eco+o)i!ion )hall ,e e(o(+e/ /on !o !he le.el o !he c(i!ical ailu(e +echani)+)1 Thi)ena,le) a )y)!e+a!ic chec* o !he +a(gin !o ailu(e a) co.e(e/ ,y Sec1B1 The)e (ela!ion) a(e /ocu+en!e/ in a ailu(eMo/e Eec! Analy)i) MEA8 a) )hon in A1A1

Ree(ence) o( MEAMECA4

- 9S H@0 Pa(! H 7ui/e !o ailu(e +o/e) eec!) an/ c(i!icali!y analy)i)- IEC-@0300-B Pa(! 34 Alica!ion gui/e - Sec!ion B4 Ri)* analy)i) o !echnological )y)!e+)1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

3'1 Threat assess,ent ,ethods

The(e a(e )e.e(al !h(ea! o( ailu(e +o/e i/en!iica!ion !echni6ue) in co++on u)e1 The )elec!ion o +e!ho/)houl/ !a*e in!o con)i/e(a!ion !he co+le<i!y an/ +a!u(i!y o !he co+oun/ !echnology1 The !h(ea! a))e))+en!)hall co.e( all no.el ele+en!) /eine/ in !he !echnology co+o)i!ion analy)i)1 The ou!u! i) a (eco(/ ailu(e+o/e (egi)!e(8 o all i/en!iie/ ailu(e +o/e) ailu(e +echani)+) con)e6uence) an/ (o,a,ili!ie) an/ !hei( a))ocia!e/ (i)*1 Va(iou) +e!ho/) o( (i)* analy)i) can ,e u)e/ o( !he Th(ea! A))e))+en!1 Ta,le G-& li)!) )o+eo !he a/.an!age) an/ /i)a/.an!age) o /ie(en! +e!ho/)1

Ta.le 361 Ad7antages and disad7antages 8ith di""erent threat assess,ent ,ethods

ethod ,dvantages -hallenges and/or Disadvantages

ailu(e Mo/e Eec! an/C(i!icali!y Analy)i) MECA8

Sy)!e+a!ic an/ )i+le !o aly In.e)!iga!ing ONE ailu(e +o/e a! a !i+e +ayno! i/en!iy c(i!ical co+,ina!ion) o ailu(e)

:aa(/ an/ Oe(a,ili!y )!u/y:AFOP8

Sy)!e+a!ic +e!ho/ hich ena,le)i/en!iica!ion o !he haa(/ o!en!ial ooe(a!ion ou!)i/e !he /e)ign in!en!iono( +alunc!ion o in/i.i/ual i!e+)

Re)ou(ce con)u+ingRe6ui(e) /e!aile/ ino(+a!ion o( (o/ucingu)eul (e)ul!)1E<e(ience/ acili!a!o( (e6ui(e/

aul! T(ee Analy)i) TA8 Tho(ough in.e)!iga!ion o al(ea/y8i/en!iie/ inci/en!

No! alica,le o( i/en!iying ne8 inci/en!)1Ti+e con)u+ing !o )e! u

No! )ui!a,le o( accu(a!ely +o/elling all !ye)o )y)!e+)

S!(uc!u(e/ ha!-i chec*li)!

SIT8

Alica,le e.en i /e!aile/ /e)ign

ino(+a!ion i) no! a.aila,le

E<e(ience/ acili!a!o( e))en!ial a) ell a)

goo/ chec*li)!)Oe(a!ional P(o,le+ Analy)i)OPERA8

E+ha)i) on !he (o/uc! in!e(ace) E+ha)i) on !echnical (o,le+) an/ hu+ane((o( i!hou! going in!o /e!ail) a,ou! cau)e)

In/een/en! (e.ie Can ,e +o(e !i+e eicien! o( le))(e)ou(ce /e+an/ing

No! a) +ul!i/i)cilina(y an/ (o,u)! a) o!he(!echni6ue)

3tem level9seal:

-ubunit9pump:

,;uipment9pump with

instrumentslubrication:

No totalshutdown

3nternalleakage

<eakagefrom sealing

=ailure>echanism

oot

)auses

3nternalleakage

No totalshutdown

<eakage fromsealing

3nternalleakage

=ailure

,ffects

" !oor " usage outsidespecification" ?rongspecification

" )orrosion"" *ardening" ,tc.

=ailure)ause

=ailure)ause

=ailure,ffects

=ailure>ode

=ailure>ode

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3+ Conse:&ence o" Fail&re

Con)e6uence) o ailu(e )hall hen (ele.an! ,e /e!aile/ o(4

5 !he unc!ion) o !he !echnology i!)el 5 i+ac! on )u((oun/ing an/ in!e(acing )y)!e+) 5 oe(a!ion an/ (eai( 5 )ae!y heal!h an/ en.i(on+en! S:E81

I! i) (eco++en/e/ !ha! !he)e con)e6uence) a(e (eco(/e/ a) e)!i+a!e) o +one!a(y lo)) a) !hi) !en/) !o hel !he6ualiica!ion !ea+ (ela!e !he +agni!u/e o !he (i)*) !o !he co)! an/ (ac!ica,ili!y o !hei( +i!iga!ion1

G&idance note9

One ay !o ca!ego(i)e !he con)e6uence g(ou) i) a) ollo)4

Con)e6uence o( no.el !echnology4

- in)igniican!

- (e/uce/ a(! o +ain unc!ion

- lo)) o a(!) o +ain unc!ion

- lo)) o +ain unc!ion

- lo)) o +ain unc!ion an/ /a+age !o in!e(acing an/ )u((oun/ing )y)!e+)1

Con)e6uence) o( )u((oun/ing an/ in!e(acing )y)!e+4

- no eec! on in!e(acing an/ )u((oun/ing )y)!e+)- in)igniican! eec! on in!e(acing an/ )u((oun/ing )y)!e+)

- )hu!/on o in!e(acing an/ )u((oun/ing )y)!e+)

- no!icea,le /a+age !o in!e(acing an/ )u((oun/ing )y)!e+

- )e.e(e /a+age !o in!e(acing an/ )u((oun/ing )y)!e+1

u(!he( econo+ic con)e6uence) a(e4

- lo)! (o/uc!ion

- (eai( o!ion) an/ )a(e a(!)

- +o,ili)a!ion an/ (eai( !i+e

- /a+age !o (eu!a!ion,(an/1

Each o !he a,o.e econo+ic con)e6uence) aec!) ,u/ge! an/ !i+eline1 De!e(+ining +one!a(y con)e6uence) ena,le)co)! e)!i+a!e) !o ,e +a/e1 Thi) can hel !(igge( /e)ign (e.i)ion) hich oul/ ,e +o(e e<en)i.e !o (e)ol.e la!e(1Selec!ion o a !yical )a+le in)!alla!ion i) ,eneicial o( (o.i/ing a co)! e<a+le1 Co)! .a(ie) o.e( !i+e an/ loca!ion1A) an e<a+le o( /ee a!e( an/ )u,)ea ell )y)!e+) !he co)! o !he .e))el hi(e ill no(+ally /o+ina!e1

The con)e6uence cla))e) o( !he S:E a(ea a(e no(+ally4

- :eal!h ; Sae!y ? o!en!ial o( e()onnel inu(ie) an/ a!ali!ie)1

- En.i(on+en! ? o!en!ial o( en.i(on+en!al eec!)1

An e<a+le o o.e(all con)e6uence cla))e) i) (o.i/e/ in Ta,le G-21 The eec! o inclu/ing a//i!ional con)e6uenceca!ego(ie) !o !ho)e (ela!e/ !o )ae!y e1g1 /elay/on!i+e an/ (eu!a!ion8 i) !ha! !he Qualiica!ion P(oce)) can /eine6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) !o accoun! o( !he)e a)ec!) !ha! co+e in addition !o !ho)e ac!i.i!ie) nee/e/ !o accoun! o( )ae!y1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

Con)e6uence cla))e) )hall ,e cho)en in each in/i.i/ual ailu(e +o/e u)ing e<e(! u/ge+en! an/ e<e(ience1Thi) )hall ,e /one o( !he )y)!e+ a) )eciie/ i!hou! accoun! o any (oo)e/ )aegua(/) !ha! ha.e no! ye! ,een a/o!e/ an/ )eciie/1

G&idance note9

The olloing gene(ic e<a+le o 6uali!a!i.e con)e6uence cla))e) in Ta,le G-2 i) )hon o( illu)!(a!ion only an/ +u)!no! ,e a/o!e/ i!hou! a))e))ing alica,ili!y !o !he a(!icula( ca)e an/ i!) in!en/e/ u)e an/ oe(a!ing en.i(on+en!1

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In Ta,le G-2 !he nu+,e( o /eine/ cla))e) ha) ,een (e/uce/ ,y co+,ining )e.e(al !ye) o con)e6uence) in!o one)e! o cla))e)1 A )ingle cla)) (e(e)en!) )eciic con)e6uence) o( eole en.i(on+en! /elay/on!i+e an/o(

(eu!a!ion1 i!hin one con)e6uence cla)) !he con)e6uence) o all !ye) ha.e ,een /eine/ in o(/e( !o (e(e)en!)i+ila( le.el) o )e.e(i!y1

I! i) i+o(!an! !ha! o( a a(!icula( e.en! i!h +o(e !han one !ye o i+ac! !he !ye o i+ac! gi.ing !he highe)! cla)))hall ,e go.e(ning !he )ingle con)e6uence cla))1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

3- !ro.a.ilit( o" Fail&re

3-1 General

P(o,a,ili!y o ailu(e )hall ,e e)!a,li)he/ o( each ailu(e +o/e1 The ea(ly !echnology /e.elo+en! ha)e)conce!8 coul/ u)e 6uali!a!i.e +ea)u(e)1 A) !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) (og(e))e) 6uan!i!a!i.ee.i/ence )houl/ ,e collec!e/ in o(/e( !o /e+on)!(a!e !ha! !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) ha) ,een +e!1

G&idance note9

Thi) /e+on)!(a!ion +ay !a*e !he o(+ o /e)c(i,ing !he ailu(e +o/e) ,y !hei( lie!i+e (o,a,ili!y-/en)i!y/i)!(i,u!ion) o( ,y )hoing !ha! e)!a,li)he/ )!an/a(/) o( )eciica!ion) ha.e ,een u)e/ o( !ha! )oun/ enginee(ing

(ac!ice ha) ,een olloe/1 Me!ho/) o( /ocu+en!ing 6uan!i!a!i.e ailu(e (o,a,ili!y a(e /i)cu))e/ in Sec1 B1@1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

Docu+en!a!ion o 6uan!i!a!i.e ailu(e (o,a,ili!y )hall ,e ,a)e/ on e.i/ence )uch a)4

5 !e)! (e)ul!) 5 nu+e(ical analy)i) ,a)e/ on (ecogni)e/ +e!ho/) 5 (ele.an! /ocu+en!e/ e<e(ience 5 enginee(ing u/ge+en! ,y 6ualiie/ e()onnel1

I e.i/ence )uo(!ing ailu(e (o,a,ili!y e)!i+a!e) i) lac*ing con)e(.a!i.e e)!i+a!e) )hall ,e e)!a,li)he/1 The/eg(ee o con)e(.a!i)+ )hall (elec! !he le.el o unce(!ain!y an/ hence inc(ea)e i!h no.el!y ca!ego(y 2 !o 81

The con)e(.a!i)+ o a))u+!ion) )hall ,e )u,)!an!ia!e/1

The e)!i+a!e/ (o,a,ili!y o a ailu(e +o/e )hall ,e )li! in ailu(e (o,a,ili!ie) (ela!e/ !o each i/en!iie/ ailu(e+echani)+ )ee igu(e G-&1

No(+ally !he (o,a,ili!y oul/ ,e e<(e))e/ a)4

5 (o,a,ili!y i!hin )e(.ice lie o( e( yea( o oe(a!ion 5 (o,a,ili!y on )y)!e+ ac!i.a!ion 5 (o,a,ili!y /i)!(i,u!ion o( !he lie!i+e o !he )y)!e+1

o( (i)*-(an*ing a /i(ec! (o,a,ili!y a))e))+en! can ,e u)e/ i1e1 (elia,ili!y u/ge+en! ,y 6ualiie/ e()onnel1

E<e(! u/g+en!) )houl/ al)o ,e alie/ /u(ing lanning an/ ga!he(ing o (elia,ili!y /a!a !o a))e)) (ele.ancean/ o))i,ly )ugge)! a/u)!+en!) o e.i/ence ,a)e/ on a(!ially (ele.an! /a!a in o(/e( !o accoun! o( /ie(ence) in (ela!ion !o !he )y)!e+ !o ,e 6ualiie/1

I! i) i+o(!an! !o a.oi/ ,ia)e) !ha! in gene(al +ay ,e ea)ily in!(o/uce/ hen /ealing i!h e<e(! oinion)1

G&idance note9

7ui/ance on e<e(! elici!a!ion an/ ho !o /eal i!h )u,ec!i.e oinion) in (elia,ili!y in gene(al can ,e oun/ in !heoen li!e(a!u(e e1g1 Coo* &BB&81

Ta.le 36$ E4a,*le o" "ail&re conse:&ence classes "or the s&rro&nding s(ste, that ,a( .e a**lica.le "or atechnolog( &sed in oil e4*loration or trans*ort

S e 7 e r i t ( Con)e6uence Ca!ego(ie)

!eo*le En7iron,entDela( Do8nti,e Re*&tation

& No o( )ue(icial inu(ie) Sligh! eec! on en.i(on+en!

& 99$ ,a((el o oil8

2 hou() Sligh! i+ac! local u,lic

aa(ene)) ,u! no u,lic conce(n2 Sligh! inu(y a e lo)!

o(* /ay)Mino( eec!

Non-co+liance H 99$ & /ay $i+i!e/ i+ac! local u,lic

conce(n - +ay inclu/e +e/ia

3 Mao( inu(y long !e(+a,)ence

$ocalie/ eec!Sill (e)on)e (e6ui(e/ H0 99$

& - &0 /ay) Con)i/e(a,le i+ac! (egional u,lic)ligh! na!ional +e/iaa!!en!ion

Single a!ali!y o( e(+anen! /i)a,ili!y

Mao( eec!Signiican! )ill (e)on)e&00 99$

&0 - @0 /ay) Na!ional i+ac! an/ u,licconce(n +o,ilia!ion o ac!iong(ou)

H Mul!ile a!ali!ie) Ma))i.e eec! /a+age o.e(la(ge a(ea &00 99$

@0 /ay) E<!en)i.e nega!i.e a!!en!ion inin!e(na!ional +e/ia

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E<ec!a!ion) o( !a(ge! ailu(e (o,a,ili!y ,a)e/ on enginee(ing u/ge+en! an/ ino(+a!ion (o+ /a!a,a)e) a(eco++only u)e/ in !he initial /e.elo+en! ha)e)1 The o)ho(e in/u)!(y o!en u!ili)e) !he olloing /a!a,a)e) in !heini!ial ha)e ,eo(e a ailu(e (o,a,ili!y ha) ,een (o.en ,y ac!ual e<e(ience analy)i) o( !e)!4

OREDA ? O)ho(e Relia,ili!y Da!a ? The /a!a a(e a.aila,le in han/,oo*) u,li)he/ 200B1 Ino(+a!ion i) a.aila,leon !he In!e(ne! a//(e))4 h!!41o(e/a1co+han/,oo*1h!+l1

E$$MASTER ? Relia,ili!y o ell Co+le!ion E6ui+en!1 Da!a can ,e +a/e a.aila,le on an elec!(onic o(+a!.ia !he olloing In!e(ne! a//(e))4 h!!41e<(o)o!1co+(o/uc!)ell+a)!e(1h!+l1

S#9 SEA MASTER ? Relia,ili!y o Su, )ea E6ui+en!1 Da!a can ,e +a/e a.aila,le on an elec!(onic o(+a! .ia !heolloing In!e(ne! a//(e))4 h!!41e<(o)o!1co+(o/uc!))u,)ea+a)!e(1h!+l1

PDS :an/,oo*4 20&0 Relia,ili!y Da!a o( Con!(ol an/ Sae!y Sy)!e+ So!a(e1 In!e(ne! a//(e))4h!!4)in!e1o(gP(oec!e,PDS-Main-PagePDS-:an/,oo*)1

u(!he( /a!a,a)e) a(e4

:RD 9RITIS: TE$ECOMM#NICATIONS P$C1 :an/,oo* o (elia,ili!y A)co!4 $on/on Ino(+a!ion Ro)e Mui(81

ailu(e (o,a,ili!y ,a)e/ on ino(+a!ion (o+ /a!a,a)e) o!en nee/) a/u)!+en!) ,eo(e ,eing alie/ !o ne )y)!e+)/ie(en! u)e /ie(en! en.i(on+en! e!c1 An e<a+le o )uch a/u)!+en! i) illu)!(a!e/ in Ta,le G-31 I! i) o u!+o)!i+o(!ance !o un/e()!an/ an/ i/en!iy he!he( !he (eo(!e/ /a!a in !he /a!a,a)e can ,e u)e/ !o (e(e)en! !he!echnology o( i )o+e ailu(e +o/e) +ay ,e inco((ec!ly (e(e)en!e/ /ue !o /ie(ence) in u)e1

The ailu(e (o,a,ili!y ,a)e/ on )uch gene(al /a!a,a)e) o( e<e(! u/ge+en! )houl/ ,e u/a!e/ ,a)e/ on !e)!) o( /ocu+en!a!ion in !he la!e( ha)e) o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce))1

ailu(e (e6uency e( &0@ h()

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

3-$ )&alitati7e *ro.a.ilit( classes

Quali!a!i.e (o,a,ili!y cla))e) +ay ,e u)e/ !o e)!a,li)h ailu(e (o,a,ili!y in ea(ly /e.elo+en! ha)e)1 Thecla))e) +u)! ,e cho)en in each in/i.i/ual ca)e u)ing e<e(! u/ge+en! an/ (e.iou) e<e(ience1

G&idance note9

Ta,le G- )ho) an e<a+le o gene(ic 6uali!a!i.e (o,a,ili!y cla))e)1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

3# Ris5 Assess,ent

A 6uali!a!i.e +e!ho/ !o /e!e(+ine !he (i)* le.el can ,e u)e/ in o(/e( !o (an* (i)* an/ ocu) 6ualiica!ion eo(!)

he(e !he ,enei!) a(e g(ea!e)!1 The (i)*) a(e ca!ego(ie/ a) illu)!(a!e/ in igu(e G-21 The (i)* ca!ego(ia!ion)houl/ ,e a/a!e/ !o i! !he ca)e ,eing con)i/e(e/1 The a/a!e/ +a!(i< )hall go.e(n !he TechnologyQualiica!ion Plan i!h (e)ec! !o (io(i!y i!h ocu) on !he highe)! (i)*1 I! )hall /eine high con)e6uence (i)*)a) +e/iu+ o( high (i)* (ega(/le)) o (o,a,ili!y cla)) !o en)u(e !ha! high?con)e6uencelo-(o,a,ili!y (i)*)a(e a//(e))e/ ,y !he 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) an/ no! /i)+i))e/ ,a)e/ on lo (o,a,ili!y1

Ta.le 36' E4a,*le on ad;&st,ent o" "ail&re "re:&enc( "or gi7en co,*onent >E4a,*le@ trans"or,er?Subcomponent Reference data Data +ualification

%o. of failure ailure fre+. ,d)ustment factor %ew failure fre+. -omments

Pene!(a!o( H 01H0 H 21H0 Ne )e(.ice i!h highe( (e))u(e /ie(ence

Cooling )y)!e+ 3 0130 & 0130 No /ie(ence

in/ing @ 01@0 &3 0120 Si+le( )y)!e+ !hu)(e/uce/ ailu(e(e6uency

Si!ch 2 0120 0 0 ailu(e +o/e no! li*ely!o occu( in !hi) )i!ua!ion

O!he( &0 &100 2 2100 Con)e(.a!i.e e)!i+a!e

a) o( ne )e(.iceTo!al 2@ 21@0 H100

Ta.le 36+ E4a,*le o" *ro.a.ilit( classesNo Descri*tion

1 ailu(e i) no! e<ec!e/ &0 ?8

$ An inci/en! ha) occu((e/ in in/u)!(y o( (ela!e/ in/u)!(y &0 ? &0 ?38

' :a) ,een e<e(ience/ ,y +o)! oe(a!o() &0 ?3 &0 ?28

+ Occu() )e.e(al !i+e) e( yea( e( oe(a!o( &0 ?2 &0 ?&8

- Occu() )e.e(al !i+e) e( yea( e( acili!y &0 ?& 8

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Fig&re 36$Ris5 ,atri4 o8@ MMedi&,@ HHigh

The ailu(e +o/e) a(e (an*e/ acco(/ing !o (i)* ca!ego(y1 ailu(e +o/e) i!h +e/iu+ an/ high (i)* a(econ)i/e(e/ critical an/ )hall ,e co.e(e/ ,y !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan Sec1B81 ailu(e +o/e) i!h lo

(i)* can ,e conclu/e/ ,a)e/ on 6uali!a!i.e a))e))+en! ,y 6ualiie/ e()onnel1 ailu(e +o/e) i!h lo (i)* )hallno! ,e /ele!e/ (o+ !he li)! o o))i,le ailu(e +o/e)1

The (i)* e)!i+a!e) )hall ,e u/a!e/ /u(ing !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) u!ili)ing 6ualiica!ione.i/ence an/ ino(+a!ion (o+ +i!iga!ing ac!ion) !ha! ,eco+e a.aila,le !h(ough !he Technology Qualiica!ionP(oce))1

The (i)* a))e))+en! )hall ,e e(o(+e/ a! !he le.el o /e!ail (ele.an! o( !he (e)ec!i.e /e.elo+en! ha)e1

A )y)!e+ o( !(ac*ing each ailu(e +o/e an/ ailu(e +echani)+ )hall ,e e)!a,li)he/ an e<a+le i) )hon inA1A81 The u(o)e o !hi) )y)!e+ i) !o +ain!ain !(acea,ili!y ,ac* !o each ailu(e +o/e an/ +echani)+ (o+i/en!iica!ion !h(ough change !o !he .e(iica!ion !ha! !he (i)* ha) ,een a//(e)) a) !he Technology Qualiica!ionP(oce)) i) olloe/1 Thi) )y)!e+ )hall inclu/e4

&8 All i/en!iie/ ailu(e +o/e) an/ +echani)+)1

28 P(o,a,ili!y e)!i+a!e o( each ailu(e +o/e +echani)+138 9a)i) o( !he -(o,a,ili!y e)!i+a!e !(acing /ocu+en!a!ion (e.i)ion) an/ i+-le+en!a!ion o +i!iga!ing ac!ion)1

8 The /eg(ee o no.el!y !o hich !he ailu(e +o/e (ela!e) ca!ego(y 2 !o 81 Thi) ai/) ocu) on !he no.elele+en!)1

Increasing li5elihood

1 $ ' + -

% n c r e a s i n g

s e 7 e r i t (

1 M M

$ M M M

' M M M H

+ M M M H H

- M M H H H

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-ec.6 Technology 7ualification !lan !age $6

Technolog( )&ali"ication !lan

A Technology Qualiica!ion Plan )hall ,e /e.eloe/ !o (o.i/e !he e.i/ence nee/e/ !o +anage !he c(i!icalailu(e +o/e) i/en!iie/ acco(/ing !o Sec1G1@1 The /e.elo+en! o !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan )houl/ ,e an i!e(a!i.e (oce))1

1 %ntrod&ction

The )elec!e/ 6ualiica!ion +e!ho/) )hall ,e )eciie/ a) ac!i.i!ie) in !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan1 A6ualiica!ion +e!ho/ )hall ,e /e)c(i,e/ in )uicien! /e!ail !o ca((y ou! !he ac!i.i!ie) an/ o,!ain (elia,lee.i/ence1 The)e ac!i.i!ie) (o.i/e e.i/ence !o /ocu+en! co+liance i!h !he (e6ui(e+en!) o !he Qualiica!ion9a)i)1 The 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) )hall ,e !(acea,le ,ac* !o !he ailu(e +o/e (egi)!e( /e.eloe/ /u(ing !h(ea!a))e))+en!1 The (ea)oning (ela!ing !he iece) o e.i/ence !o !he ailu(e +o/e) )hall ,e (e)en!e/1

G&idance note9

An e<a+le lan o( 6ualiica!ion o a )u,)ea ,oo)!e( u+ i) )hon in A1C1

o( co+onen!) (o/uce/ in la(ge nu+,e() an/ u)e/ in /ie(en! !ye) o )y)!e+) !he nee/ o( )!an/a(/i)a!ion an/!he(e,y co)! (e/uc!ion o!en go.e(n) !he 6ualiica!ion )!(a!egy a) in/ica!e/ in A1C1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

The olloing )u,-)ec!ion) a//(e)) .a(iou) a)ec!) !o ,e con)i/e(e/ in !he )eciica!ion o 6ualiica!ionac!i.i!ie)1

The Technology Qualiica!ion Plan )houl/ (elec! !he i!e(a!i.e na!u(e o !he o.e(all 6ualiica!ion )!(a!egySec18 an/ o !he ,a)ic Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) Sec1H8 )ee*ing !o (e/uce !he la(ge)! unce(!ain!ie)i()!1 An o.e(all Mile)!one Plan i) (eco++en/e/ !o (elec! !he cho)en )!(a!egy !oa(/) !he o.e(all goal)1

De!aile/ lan) )houl/ ,e /e.eloe/ o( a (ea)ona,le e(io/ e1g1 un!il a!!ain+en! o !he ne<! +ao( +ile)!one81

The +ao( +ile)!one) )houl/ ,e conclu/e/ i!h an in/een/en! (e.ie1

De.elo+en! o !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan con)i)!) o !he olloing +ain ac!i.i!ie)4

5 :igh-le.el lanning !o i+le+en! !he o.e(all 6ualiica!ion )!(a!egy1 5 Analy)i) an/ )elec!ion o 6ualiica!ion +e!ho/) !o (o.i/e !he e.i/ence nee/e/ o( each ailu(e +o/e1 5 De.elo !he (ea)oning !ha! connec!) !he e.i/ence (o/uce/ ,y !he 6ualiica!ion +e!ho/) !o !he

(e6ui(e+en!) )e! in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1 5 De.elo /e!aile/ )eciica!ion) o 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie)1

The /e!aile/ )eciica!ion o 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) )hall e<lici!ly )eciy4

5 The e.i/ence !o ,e (o/uce/ ,y each 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!y1 5 The ailu(e +o/e) each iece o e.i/ence (ela!e) !o1 A(gu+en!18 5 The (ea)oning !ha! (ela!e) !he iece) o e.i/ence !o !he ailu(e +o/e)1 A(gu+en!18 5 The (ea)oning !ha! (ela!e) !he e.i/ence !o !he (e6ui(e+en!) )eciie/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)

A(gu+en!181 5 Succe)) c(i!e(ia o( !hi) e.i/ence in +ee!ing !he (e6ui(e+en!)1 Con!e<!18

The Technology Qualiica!ion Plan )hall ,e (e.i)e/ a) nece))a(y1 hen !he !echnology ha) ,een )ucce))ully/e+on)!(a!e/ !o ha.e (eache/ a +ao( +ile)!one /e!aile/ lan) can ,e /e.eloe/ o( (eaching !he ne<! +ao( +ile)!one accoun!ing o( ha! ha) ,een lea(n!1

G&idance note9

The choice o +e!ho/) !o achie.e 6ualiica!ion ill /een/ on !he na!u(e o !he (e6ui(e+en!) )!a!e/ in !he TechnologyQualiica!ion 9a)i)1 o( in)!ance (elia,ili!y !a(ge!) (e6ui(e 6uan!i!a!i.e (elia,ili!y (e/ic!ion an/ !he +e!ho/) !ogene(a!e /a!a ill /een/ uon !he !ye o (e6ui(e/ inu!1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

$ Selection o" )&ali"ication Methods

Qualiica!ion +e!ho/) )hall ,e )eciie/ !ha! (o.i/e e.i/ence o( each i/en!iie/ ailu(e +o/e )hoing !ha!!he (e6ui(e+en!) )!a!e/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) ha.e ,een +e!1

I a 6uan!i!a!i.e (elia,ili!y !a(ge! i) )!a!e/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) !hen a 6uan!i!a!i.e (elia,ili!y+e!ho/ i) (e6ui(e/ !o /ocu+en! ulil+en! o !he !a(ge! e1g1 ,y /e!e(+ina!ion o a lie!i+e (o,a,ili!y /en)i!y

/i)!(i,u!ion o( !he (ele.an! ailu(e +o/e)1o( each ailu(e +o/e o conce(n i! )houl/ ,e /e!e(+ine/ i !he ailu(e +echani)+) can ,e +o/elle/ ,y(ecognie/ an/ gene(ally acce!e/ +e!ho/)1 Then a /e!aile/ lan o( !he 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) can ,ee)!a,li)he/ ,y u)e o e<i)!ing )!an/a(/) )eciica!ion) o( (ecogni)e/ in/u)!(y (ac!ice) !ha! ha.e ,een.ali/a!e/ o( alica,ili!y1

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-ec.6 Technology 7ualification !lan !age &%

The olloing +e!ho/) can ,e u)e/ )ea(a!ely o( in co+,ina!ion !o (o.i/e 6ualiica!ion e.i/ence4

5 Analy)i) enginee(ing u/ge+en! o (e.iou) /ocu+en!e/ e<e(ience i!h )i+ila( e6ui+en! an/oe(a!ing con/i!ion)1

5 Analy!ical +e!ho/) )uch a) han/,oo* )olu!ion) +e!ho/) (o+ e<i)!ing )!an/a(/) e+i(ical co((ela!ion)o( +a!he+a!ical o(+ula)1

5 Nu+e(ical +e!ho/) )uch a) (oce)) )i+ula!ion +o/el) CD EM co((o)ion +o/el) e!c1

5 E<e(i+en!al +e!ho/) a) /i)cu))e/ in Sec1B11 5 In)ec!ion) !o a)ce(!ain !ha! )eciica!ion) a(e co+lie/ i!h o( a))u+!ion) .ali/1 5 De.elo+en! o ne o( +o/iie/ QAQC (e6ui(e+en!) o( +anuac!u(ing a))e+,ly1 5 De.elo+en! o (e6ui(e+en!) !o in)ec!ion +ain!enance an/ (eai(1 5 De.elo+en! o )a(e) olicy1 5 De.elo+en! o oe(a!ing (oce/u(e) (e)ul!ing (o+ !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce))1

G&idance note9

Oe(a!ional (oce/u(e) a(e i+o(!an! ele+en!) o a (elia,le !echnology1 They +u)! ,e /ocu+en!e/ an/ i+le+en!e/hen !he !echnology i) /eloye/1 I+le+en!a!ion )houl/ co.e( !he en!i(e )uly chain an/ (ecei.ing o(gani)a!ion1

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5 De.eloing +o/iica!ion) !o !he !echnology a(i)ing (o+ !he a,o.e !ha! oul/ )an a ne i!e(a!ion in !he!echnology 6ualiica!ion/e.elo+en! cycle1

G&idance note9

The )elec!ion o 6ualiica!ion +e!ho/) an/ (e6ui(e/ )coe /een/) on !he (i)* o !he a))ocia!e/ ailu(e +o/e!echnology ca!ego(y an/ le.el o coni/ence in !he +e!ho/)1 The o,ec!i.e i) !o )eciy a Technology Qualiica!ionPlan !ha! (o.i/e) !he +o)! (elia,le e.i/ence a) co)!-eec!i.ely a) o))i,le1 The )elec!ion o !he +e!ho/) )houl/!he(eo(e ,e ,a)e/ on o!i+ia!ion o (ela!e/ co)! .e()u) accu(acy1 Each 6ualiica!ion +e!ho/ can a//(e)) )e.e(alailu(e +o/e)1 Thu) !he +e!ho/) )houl/ ,e )elec!e/ in a )y)!e+a!ic +anne( !o (e/uce unnece))a(y o.e(laing1

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Al!e(na!i.e +e!ho/) )houl/ ,e con)i/e(e/ o( !he +o)! e<en)i.e 6ualiica!ion e.i/ence1

G&idance note9

&8 $ea)! co)! ill +ainly ,e o,!aine/ ,y !he u)e o !ho(ough !heo(e!ical analy!ical +o/el)1 Su,)e6uen! unce(!ain!ie)can ,e ocu)e/ an/ (e)ol.e/ ,y o!i+i)e/ !e)!)1 The al!e(na!i.e oul/ ,e +o(e e<!en)i.e !e)!) !o /e!e(+ine

/een/encie) an/ ailu(e +o/e)1828 I! oul/ no(+ally ,e ,eneicial o( +anuac!u(e() !o )!an/a(/i)e !he 6ualiica!ion )che+e o( )+all co+onen!)1The(e,y !he +a(gin) o( )o+e alica!ion) +ay ,e unnece))a(y high ,u! u)!iie/ ,y !he !o!al co)! (e/uc!ion e1g14

ie i!!ing) o( elec!(onic co+onen!)81

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' !ara,eter E""ects and Models

The 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) +u)! accoun! o( !he eec!) o unce(!ain!ie) in !he c(i!ical a(a+e!e() a(a+e!e( eec!)81

I a (o.en nu+e(ical o( analy!ical +o/el e<i)!) !o )i+ula!e a ailu(e +echani)+ in !he in!en/e/ en.i(on+en!!ha! +o/el can ,e u)e/ !o a))e)) !he a(a+e!e( eec!) a))ocia!e/ i!h !ha! ailu(e +echani)+1

I coni/ence i) lac*ing in !he a.aila,le +o/el i! +u)! ,e (o.en ,y !e)!) !o .ali/a!e !he (e/ic!ion) in !he

(ele.an! a(a+e!e( (ange co.e(ing )ho(!-!e(+ an/ long-!e(+ ,eha.iou(1I no alica,le +o/el e<i)!) o( !he a(a+e!e( eec!) !hen i! can ,e /e.eloe/1 The .ali/i!y o !he ne +o/el)hall ,e (o.en !h(ough 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie)1

The (o.en nu+e(ical o( analy!ical +o/el )hall ,e u)e/ !o e)!a,li)h !he a(a+e!e() i!h !he highe)! i+ac! on!he lie!i+e an/ (elia,ili!y o !he !echnology1

The olloing +o/el-,a)e/ 6ualiica!ion a(oach )hall ,e (elec!e/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan4

5 #!ili)e o( /e.elo +o/el) o !he c(i!ical ailu(e +o/e) u)ing !o !he e<!en! o))i,le +o/el) !ha! ha.e ,een (o.en1

5 I/en!iy unce(!ain!ie) in !he +o/el) an/ +o/el inu! /a!a1 5 Cha(ac!e(ie inu! /a!a o( +o/el) i!h !he a))ocia!e/ unce(!ain!y1 5 9uil/ coni/ence in !he +o/el)1 Thi) i) achie.e/ !h(ough 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) !ha! challenge !he+ ,y

co+a(ing +o/el (e/ic!ion) i!h (ele.an! e.i/ence e1g1 (o+ e<e(i+en!) e(o(+e/ a) a(! o !he6ualiica!ion u,li)he/ /a!a o( )e(.ice e<e(ience1

5 #)e +o/el !o 6uan!iy a(a+e!e( eec!)1

Se(.ice e<e(ience (o+ o!he( in/u)!(ie) +ay ,e .ali/a!e/ !o ,e (ele.an! an/ hence u)e/ a) ,a)i) o( ,uil/ingconi/ence in 6ualiica!ion +o/el)1

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-ec.6 Technology 7ualification !lan !age &(

G&idance note9

The(e e<i)!) a (ange o analy!ical +o/el) o ailu(e +echani)+)1 So+e +e!ho/) a(e )ui!e/ !o (e/ic!ing !he (o,a,ili!yo occu((ence o !he c(i!ical ailu(e +echani)+1 O!he( analy!ical +e!ho/) can no! /i(ec!ly (e/ic! a ailu(e (o,a,ili!y1:oe.e( i !he +e!ho/ i) e+i(ically u)!iie/ !o (ela!e !o (o,a,ili!y - an/ i) gene(ally (ecogni)e/ an/ acce!e/ - aco((ec! alica!ion o !he +e!ho/ can ,e u)e/ !o /e!e(+ine a ailu(e (o,a,ili!y1

An e<a+le o )uch analy!ical +e!ho/) i) +echanical )!(e)) calcula!ion +e!ho/) u)e/ o( (e))u(e .e))el) acco(/ing!o a (e))u(e .e))el )!an/a(/1 P(o.i/e/ !he(e a(e no +a!e(ial /e!e(io(a!ion o( a!igue +echani)+) )!(e)) calcula!e/ !o

,e ,elo !he acce!ance c(i!e(ion a))u(e) a )ae (e))u(e .e))el i!hin !he )!an/a(/) li+i!a!ion an/ hence a (o,a,ili!y o ailu(e le)) o( e6ual !o !ha! /eine/ o( i+lie/ ,y !he )!an/a(/1 In !hi) ca)e !he (e))u(e .e))el can ,e!a*en !o ha.e !he ailu(e (o,a,ili!y )eciie/ in o( i+lie/ ,y !he )!an/a(/1 ailu(e +echani)+) (ela!e/ !o /e)ign+anuac!u(ing alica!ion an/ acci/en!) hoe.e( a(e o))i,le )ou(ce) o ailu(e !ha! al)o nee/ !o ,e !a*en in!oaccoun!1 The)e (o,a,ili!ie) +ay ,e (e/uce/ ,y 6uali!y con!(ol .e(iica!ion ac!i.i!ie) an/ oe(a!ional (oce/u(e)1The eec!) o )uch +i!iga!ing ac!ion) can ,e inclu/e/ ,a)e/ on /ocu+en!e/ e<e(ience o( enginee(ing u/ge+en!1

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In ca)e a (ea)ona,le +o/el canno! ,e e)!a,li)he/ !he a(a+e!e( eec!) can ,e e)!a,li)he/ ,y 6ualiica!ion !e)!)Sec1B181

hen alica,le con)e(.a!i.e e<e(! u/ge+en! ,a)e/ on e+i(ical /a!a +ay ,e u)e/ !o e)!a,li)h !he c(i!ical a(a+e!e( eec!) o( !he ailu(e +echani)+)1 An e<a+le i) (o.i/e/ in Aen/i< C121 E<e(! u/ge+en!(e6ui(e) 6ualiie/ e()onnel1

o( !he analy)i) o )o!a(e (elia,ili!y )eciic +e!ho/) aly )ee A1D81The )y)!e+ )en)i!i.i!y !o unce(!ain!ie) o !he c(i!ical a(a+e!e() )hall ,e e)!a,li)he/ an/ !he c(i!ical a(a+e!e()li)! u/a!e/1

#nce(!ain!ie) in nu+e(ical calcula!ion) )hall ,e e)!i+a!e/ ,a)e/ on !he o))i,le unce(!ain!ie) in !he4

5 inu! a(a+e!e() 5 analy!ical +e!ho/ 5 (e)ul! (e)en!a!ion1

The (e)ul!ing unce(!ain!y o !he analy)i) )hall ,e /e!e(+ine/ ,a)e/ on (ecogni)e/ +e!ho/)1

G&idance note9

Te+e(a!u(e i) an e<a+le o a co++on cau)e o unce(!ain!y1 The !e+e(a!u(e coul/ aec! each a(! in a+ea)u(e+en! )e!-u !he )a+e /i(ec!ion an/ !he(e,y cau)e a la(ge( e((o( !han a))u+e/1

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+ E4*eri,ental Methods

E<e(i+en!) a(e an e))en!ial a(! o +o)! 6ualiica!ion) an/ ai+ !o (o.i/e !he e<e(i+en!al e.i/ence onhich 6ualiica!ion i) ,a)e/1

+1 General

The e<!en! o !he e<e(i+en!al !e)!) (e6ui(e/ !o o,!ain 6ualiica!ion e.i/ence o( !he !echnology /een/) on!he !echnology !ye coni/ence in analy)e) !he le.el o o!i+i)a!ion ai+e/ o( an/ !he e<!en! o /ocu+en!e/e<e(ience i!h )i+ila( !echnology1 The !e)! (og(a++e )hall )eciy4

5 The !e)!) !o ,e ca((ie/ ou!1 5 The u(o)e o each !e)! i!h (ee(ence !o !he !a(ge!e/ ailu(e +o/e) an/ (e6ui(e+en!) in !he Technology

Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1 5 Acce!ance c(i!e(ia o( !he (e)ul!) in o(/e( !o +ee! !he !a(ge!e/ (e6ui(e+en!)1 5 $i+i!ing .alue) o( /e)ign o !he !e)! e1g1 +a<i+u+ loa/81 5 The a(a+e!e() !o ,e +ea)u(e/ an/ (eco(/e/1 5 The accu(acy (e6ui(e+en!) !o +ea)u(e+en!)1 5 The +e!ho/ o analy)i) o !he (eco(/e/ /a!a1 5 The (ea)oning !ha! (ela!e) !he /a!a !o !he ailu(e +o/e) an/ !he (e6ui(e+en!) )eciie/ in !he Technology

Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1

E<e(i+en!) !e)!) )hall ,e lanne/ a) a(! o !he 6ualiica!ion1 The u(o)e o 6ualiica!ion !e)!) can ,e !o4

&8 E<lo(e no.el ele+en!) o !he !echnology an/ hel i/en!iy ailu(e +o/e) an/ +echani)+) o (ele.ance1

28 P(o.i/e e+i(ical e.i/ence o( unc!ionali!y an/ (elia,ili!y a))e))+en!1

38 I/en!iy o( .e(iy !he c(i!ical a(a+e!e() an/ !hei( )en)i!i.i!ie)1

8 Cha(ac!e(i)e inu! a(a+e!e() o( +o/el)1

H8 Challenge +o/el (e/ic!ion) o ailu(e +echani)+)1 To challenge !he +o/el) !he !e)!) )houl/ co.e( e<!(e+e .alue) o !he c(i!ical a(a+e!e() i!h (e)ec! !o !he 6ualiica!ion ,a)i)1

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-ec.6 Technology 7ualification !lan !age &$

The)e 6ualiica!ion !e)!) o(+ !he ,a)i) o( - an/ /e!e(+ine !he ou!co+e o - !he 6ualiica!ion1

Technology 6ualiica!ion +ay al)o )eciy !e)!) !o ,e e(o(+e/ a!e( 6ualiica!ion i) co+le!e/ a) a con/i!iono( /eloying !he !echnology1 Thi) i) /i)cu))e/ in Sec1B111

Each 6ualiica!ion !e)! )hall ,e /e)igne/ !o +ee! a a(!icula( nee/ a(i)ing (o+ !he !echnology 6ualiica!ion1T(acea,ili!y .ia i/en!iie/ ailu(e +o/e) !o (e6ui(e+en!) )eciie/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) )hall ,e (o.i/e/1 I a )!an/a(/i)e/ !e)! i) i/en!iie/ !ha! a//(e))e) a )i+ila( i))ue i!) (ele.ance o( !he 6ualiica!ion

nee/) )hall ,e .ali/a!e/1 The )!an/a(/i)e/ !e)! )hall ,e a+en/e/ o( (e/e)igne/ i i! /oe) no! )a!i)y !he6ualiica!ion nee/)1

G&idance note9

S!an/a(/i)e/ !e)!) a(e /e.eloe/ o( a nee/ !ha! e<i)!e/ hen !he !e)! )!an/a(/ a) (i!!en ine.i!a,ly in (ela!ion !o a!echnology !ha! e<i)!e/ a! !ha! !i+e1 Ra(ely a(e !he)e !e)!) e6ually ell )ui!e/ !o no.el !echnologie)1 I! i) a co++on+i)!a*e in !echnology 6ualiica!ion !o u)e a a(!icula( !e)! +e(ely ,ecau)e i! i) )!an/a(/i)e/ an/ !he(e,y ailing !oa//(e)) !he 6ualiica!ion nee/) (oe(ly1

,ccelerated tests can (e/uce !e)! !i+e an/ co)!1 Such !e)!) a(e ,eneicial hen a (o.en a(a+e!e( +o/el e<i)!) an/!he unce(!ain!y o +o/el (e/ic!ion) e)!a,li)he/1 I! i) a co++on +i)!a*e !o (ely on accele(a!e/ !e)! +e!ho/) !ha! a(eno! (o.en1

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Coni/ence in !he e<e(i+en!al e.i/ence )hall ,e en)u(e/ ,y in/een/en! (e.ie o !e)! )eciica!ion)

inclu/ing in)!(u+en!a!ion an/ 6uali!y a))u(ance o !he !e)! ac!i.i!ie) an/ in/een/en! i!ne))ing o !e)!) a)a(o(ia!e1

The accu(acy !ole(ance o each +ea)u(e+en! (e)ul! )hall ,e e)!a,li)he/ ,a)e/ on a li)! o !he unce(!ain!y o( each co+onen!1 Thi) +ay aec! !he (e6ui(e/4

5 cali,(a!ion accu(acy 5 )en)o( accu(acy 5 )ignal (oce))ing accu(acy 5 (eco(/ing accu(acy 5 (ea/ing accu(acy1

+$ Characterisation tests

Cha(ac!e(i)a!ion !e)!) /e!e(+ine !he inu!) !o !he 6ualiica!ion +o/el)1 The)e !e)!) )hall e)!a,li)h !he *ey

a(a+e!e() !o ,e u)e/ in !he /e)ign hen !hey a(e no! a.aila,le in (ecogni)e/ an/ acce!e/ li!e(a!u(e o( (o+/ocu+en!e/ e<e(ience1

G&idance note9

E<a+le) inclu/e +a!e(ial cha(ac!e(i)a!ion !e)!) !ha! a(e u)e/ !o e)!i+a!e !he +a!e(ial (oe(!ie) inclu/ing !hei( unce(!ain!y8 !e)!) !o cha(ac!e(i)e !he che+ical (eac!i.i!y o )u,)!ance) u)e/ in !he !echnology an/ ageing !e)!) u)e/!o e)!i+a!e ho )uch ,a)ic (oe(!ie) /e.elo i!h !i+e un/e( con!(olle/ con/i!ion)1

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+' Co,*onent tests and *rotot(*e tests

P(o!o!ye) o co+onen!) e6ui+en! o( )y)!e+) +ay ,e )u,ec!e/ !o e<e(i+en!al e.alua!ion ei!he( in ala,o(a!o(y o( in !(ial) in con!(olle/ )i!ua!ion) he(e (i)*) can ,e +anage/1

The (e6ui(e+en!) )eciie/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) )hall ,e u)e/ i!h !he co((e)on/ing ailu(e

+o/e) !o /e!e(+ine )ucce)) c(i!e(ia o( co+onen! an/ (o!o!ye !e)!)1 Te)!ing !o ailu(e i) !he only ay !o/i(ec!ly +ea)u(e !he +a(gin !o ailu(e an/ !e)!ing !o ailu(e g(ea!ly enhance) !he .alue o !he !e)! co+a(e/ !oa unc!ionali!y !e)! !ha! only (o.i/e) e.i/ence o no ailu(e a! !he !e)!e/ con/i!ion)1

In !he ea(ly ha)e) o 6ualiica!ion !he u(o)e o co+onen! an/ (o!o!ye !e)!) can ,e !o e<lo(e no.elele+en!) o !he !echnology an/ hel i/en!iy (ele.an! ailu(e +o/e) an/ +echani)+) o( e<lo(e !he c(i!ical a(a+e!e() an/ !hei( eec!)1 I +o/el) a(e /e.eloe/ a) a(! o !he 6ualiica!ion !hey nee/ !o accoun! o( !hec(i!ical a(a+e!e()1

Ano!he( u(o)e o co+onen! an/ (o!o!ye !e)!) i) !o challenge +o/el (e/ic!ion)1 Reco(/ing) o (e)on)e)an/ ailu(e) in !he !e)!) (o.i/e )!(ong ,a)i) o( co+a(i)on i!h +o/el (e/ic!ion)1

P(o.i/e/ !ha! !he !e)! con/i!ion) a(e )uicien!ly clo)e !o !he in!en/e/ )e(.ice con/i!ion) )uch !e)!) can ,e(ega(/e/ a) hy)ical +o/el) !ha! /i(ec!ly (o.i/e e.i/ence o !he e(o(+ance o !he !echnology1 I )uicien!!e)!) can ,e ao(/e/ !o (o.i/e )!a!i)!ically )igniican! e)!i+a!e) o !he ,eha.iou( o !he !echnology )uch !e)!)

can alone con)!i!u!e !he e.i/ence (e6ui(e/ o( !he co((e)on/ing ailu(e +o/e1Co+onen! an/ (o!o!ye !e)!) can o!en no! ,e ao(/e/ in )uicien! nu+,e()1 The .alue o li+i!e/ !e)!) can ,e i+(o.e/ concen!(a!ing !o .ali/a!ion o +o/el)1 I .ali/a!ion i) )ucce))ul !hen !he +o/el +ay ,e inclu/e/in !he 6ualiica!ion e.i/ence1 Di)ag(ee+en! ,e!een +o/el (e/ic!ion an/ e<e(i+en!al e.i/ence )houl/)an ne 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) i!e(a!ion)8 !o (e)ol.e !he /i)ag(ee+en!1

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-ec.6 Technology 7ualification !lan !age &&

P(o!o!ye an/ co+onen! !e)!) a(e (eco++en/e/ !o (o.i/e a))u(ance again)! o!en!ial uni/en!iie/ ailu(e+o/e) a(!icula(ly i +a!e(ial) a(e no.el o( u)e/ in en.i(on+en!) he(e (ele.an! )e(.ice e<e(ience i) lac*ing1

Te)! i!e+) )hall ,e (o/uce/ u)ing !he )a+e (a +a!e(ial) an/ co+onen!) acco(/ing !o !he )a+e+anuac!u(ing (oce/u(e) an/ !o !he )a+e 6uali!y )!an/a(/) a) )eciie/ o( u)e in !he ac!ual (o/uc!ion unle))!he)e a)ec!) a(e a))e))e/ )eciically an/ /ocu+en!a!ion i) (o.i/e/ !ha! !he !e)! i!e+ i) )ae (e(e)en!a!i.ean/ con)e(.a!i.e o( i!) u(o)e o( e(io/ o u)e1 The ac!ual !ole(ance) achie.e/ o( all c(i!ical a(a+e!e() )hall ,e (eco(/e/ o( each !e)! i!e+1 Ma!e(ial) (e.ie an/ +anuac!u(ing (e.ie) )hall ,e lanne/ !o en)u(e !ha! !he

!e)! o,ec!) a(e in acco(/ance i!h )eciica!ion)1o( ca)e) i!h acce!a,le ailu(e con)e6uence) .e(iica!ion can ,e o,!aine/ in ac!ual )e(.ice a) an al!e(na!i.e!o (o!o!ye !e)!)1

++ Other tests

The !echnology 6ualiica!ion +ay i/en!iy ce(!ain con/i!ional !e)!) on a)-(o/uce/ (o/uc!) !o +ee! ce(!ainacce!ance c(i!e(ia1 A) )uch !hey a(e no! 6ualiica!ion !e)!)1 E<a+le) inclu/e4

&8 Quali!y a))u(ance !e)!) e(o(+e/ /u(ing +anuac!u(ing a!e( !he in.ol.e/ !echnologie) ha.e ,een6ualiie/ !ha! coni(+) co+liance i!h !he conclu)ion) (o+ !he 6ualiica!ion1

28 ac!o(y acce!ance !e)!) AT8 (io( !o each /eli.e(y a) a 6uali!y a))u(ance +ea)u(e !o (e/uce !he (o,a,ili!y !ha! /eec!) )li !h(ough !o )e(.ice1

38 P(e an/ o)! in)!alla!ion !e)!) o !he ull a))e+,ly !o .e(iy !he )oun/ne)) (io( !o an/ a!e( !he co+le!e/in)!alla!ion1

8 Pilo! alica!ion (e(e)en!) !he i()! u)e an/ can !he(eo(e ,e lanne/ a) an a/.ance/ !e)! !o gain +o(ee<e(ience i!h !he )y)!e+ en)u(ing !ha! all a)ec!) o a co+le< )y)!e+ ha) ,een !a*en in!o accoun!1

H8 Te)!) !o ,e /one a) a(! o +ain!enance !o coni(+ !ha! !he 6ualiica!ion con/i!ion) a(e +ain!aine/ /u(ing)e(.ice )uch a) NDT8 e!c1

An e))en!ial a(! o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) i) !o )eciy !he)e !e)!) an/ !he acce!ance c(i!e(iao( i+le+en!a!ion o !he !echnology1

The u(o)e o )uch !e)!) i) !o (o.i/e e.i/ence !o .e(iy !ha! !he inal (o/uc! co+lie) i!h !he a))u+!ion)o !he !echnology 6ualiica!ion1 Non-cono(+ance (e6ui(e) (eec!ion o )eciic (o/uc! +o/iica!ion) !o !hee6ui+en! o( (e-6ualiica!ion !o change/ con/i!ion)1

:oe.e( hen e(o(+e/ a!e( conclu/ing !he 6ualiica!ion !he)e !e)!) (o/uce e.i/ence !ha! +ay ,e (ele.an!o( !he 6ualiica!ion )!a!u)1 Such e.i/ence +ay ,e !a*en in!o a (e-6ualiica!ion !ha! +ay lea/ !o change) in !heoe(a!ional en.eloe !e)! (e6ui(e+en!) o( +ain!enance an/ in)ec!ion (e6ui(e+en!)1 hen in!en/e/ u)e/ o( !hi) u(o)e !he)e !e)!) )hall ,e ca(eully /e)igne/ !o challenge !he +o/el (e/ic!ion) u)e/ a) ,a)i) o( 6ualiica!ion o( !o challenge )eciic ailu(e +echani)+)1

u(!he( /i)cu))ion i) (o.i/e/ in !he olloing1

"uality assurance tests

Quali!y a))u(ance !e)!) a(e e(o(+e/ /u(ing +anuac!u(ing !o coni(+ co+liance o !he a)-(o/uce/ (o/uc!i!h )eciica!ion)1

G&idance note9

Quali!y a))u(ance !e)!) )hall ,e u)e/ !o .e(iy !he 6uali!y o )ulie/ )u,)y)!e+) co+onen!)8 hen !hi) i) (e6ui(e/!o +anage c(i!ical a(a+e!e() in !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) e1g1 +a!e(ial (oe(!ie) /i+en)ional accu(acycon!a+ina!ion le.el o hy/(aulic lui/) elec!(ical (e)i)!ance81

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

actory acceptance tests

ac!o(y acce!ance !e)!) AT8 )hall (o.i/e a) +uch e.i/ence a) o))i,le !ha! !he )y)!e+ e6ui+en! o( co+onen! i) i! o( u(o)e an/ e(o(+) acco(/ing !o i!) unc!ional )eciica!ion ,eo(e i! lea.e) !he ac!o(y1The !e)!) (e(e)en! a(! o !he Quali!y Con!(ol (oce/u(e1 They )hall (o.i/e coni/ence !ha! g(o))+anuac!u(ing /eec!) a(e no! (e)en!1 The i!e+) !o ,e inclu/e/ in !he !e)!) )hall ,e !ho)e i/en!iie/ in !heTechnology Qualiica!ion P(oce))1 #n/e(!a*ing a AT clea(ly /elinea!e) (e)on)i,ili!y an/ (e/uce)unce(!ain!y1

G&idance note9

A ac!o(y acce!ance !e)! can ,e e(o(+e/ he(e (ac!ical in o(/e( !o (e/uce /a+age (o,a,ili!y o( unce(!ain!y in!he 6ualiie/ (o/uc!1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

Pre and post installation tests

P(e an/ o)! in)!alla!ion !e)!) )hall (o.i/e e.i/ence !ha! !he e(o(+ance o !he a)-/eli.e(e/ an/ in)!alle/!echnology cono(+) !o Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1 The)e !e)!) (e(e)en! a a(! o !he Quali!y Con!(ol

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-ec.6 Technology 7ualification !lan !age &0

(oce/u(e an/ (o.i/e coni/ence !ha! g(o)) a))e+,ly /eec!) a(e no! (e)en!1 All !he i!e+) i/en!iie/ in !heTechnology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) )houl/ ,e inclu/e/ o.e( an/ a,o.e any )uch !e)!ing !ha! oul/ no(+ally ,eun/e(!a*en o( (o.en !echnology1

Pilot ,pplication

Pilo! alica!ion) a(e in!en/e/ !o inc(ea)e !he coni/ence in !he (elia,ili!y !h(ough /ocu+en!a!ion !ha! allailu(e +o/e) ha.e ,een a//(e))e/ a(o(ia!ely in !he (io( 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) a) ell a) (e/ucing !he

(o,a,ili!y o un/e!ec!e/ ailu(e +o/e)1- Doc&,ented E4*erience

Rele.an! e<e(ience /a!a can ,e a .alua,le )ou(ce o e.i/ence hen e(o(+ance o co+onen!) o( unc!ion))hall ,e /ocu+en!e/1 E.en i e<i)!ing hi)!o(ical /a!a i) no! /i(ec!ly alica,le !o no.el !echnology i! can (o.i/e .alua,le inu! !o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce))4

5 :i)!o(ical /a!a can ,e o,!aine/ an/ a/u)!e/ !o i! !he no.el !echnology ,y e.alua!ing !he (e)ec!i.e/ie(ence) in eec! o !he c(i!ical a(a+e!e()1

5 :i)!o(ical /a!a +ay ,e a.aila,le o( )u,-)y)!e+) unc!ion) o( in/i.i/ual co+onen!) o !he no.el!echnology1 Thi) can ,e u!ilie/ hen !he no.el !echnology i) )u,/i.i/e/ in!o +anagea,le ele+en!) a) a(!o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) e)ecially in ca)e) he(e !he no.el !echnology con)i)!) o )u,-)y)!e+) unc!ion) an/ co+onen!) !ha! a(e (o.en ,u! u! !oge!he( in a ne an/ /ie(en! ay1

:ence hi)!o(ical /a!a can ,e ei!he( ,e /i(ec!ly alie/ !o a(!) o !he !echnology o( alie/ i!h )o+ea/u)!+en! !o !a*e /ie(ence) in conigu(a!ion o( alica!ion in!o accoun!1 A1E inclu/e) a +o(e /e!aile//i)cu))ion on !hi) )u,ec!1 See al)o gui/ance no!e in Sec1G1H1&1

# Methods to Doc&,ent Uncertaint(@ !ro.a.ilit( o" Fail&re and Margins

The (ele.an! )ou(ce) o unce(!ain!y o( !he 6ualiica!ion )hall ,e /ocu+en!e/1

G&idance note9

#nce(!ain!ie) a(e !yically (ela!e/ !o !he olloing a(a+e!e()4

Robustness

- inu! a(a+e!e()

- e((oneou) oe(a!ion

- in!e(ace)

- lui/ lo an/ en.i(on+en!- loa/)

- analy)i)

- !e)!)

- a,(ica!ion !ole(ance)

- !(an)o(!a!ion

- in)!alla!ion

- oe(a!ion

- e<!(e+e li+i!

- co+,ine/ o.e(all +a(gin) an/ (elia,ili!y1

argins towards typical failure modes

- +a!e(ial /eg(a/a!ion

- e<cee/ing !ole(ance li+i!)- elec!(ical in)ula!ion /eg(a/a!ion

- clogging

- lea*

- (o!o( /yna+ic) -ailu(e

- )!(eng!h )!a!ic - ailu(e

- )!(eng!h /yna+ic - ailu(e

- i+ac! (e)i)!ance - ailu(e

- a(!icle in!e(ac!ion) - ailu(e

- +echani)+) - ailu(e

- unc!ion ailu(e

- oe( ailu(e

- con!(ol an/ )en)o( ailu(e)1---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

Con.en!ional enginee(ing +e!ho/) no(+ally e<(e)) )ae!y +a(gin) a) =)ae!y ac!o()> !ha! accoun! o( !heun/e(lying unce(!ain!ie)1

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-ec.6 Technology 7ualification !lan !age &1

I! i) acce!a,le !o a/o! !he +a(gin) )eciie/ in a .ali/a!e/ )e! o (e6ui(e+en!) )uch a) an alica,le )!an/a(/in/u)!(y (ac!ice o( )eciica!ion8 (o.i/e/ unce(!ain!ie) accoun!e/ o( ,y !he +a(gin) ,e !he )a+e a) !ho)e o !he no.el !echnology1 Thi) e.alua!ion )hall ,e /ocu+en!e/ a) a(! o !he .ali/a!ion o (e6ui(e+en!)1

I !he unce(!ain!ie) accoun!e/ o( ,y !he )!an/a(/ in/u)!(y (ac!ice o( )eciica!ion /ie( (o+ !ho)e o !heno.el !echnology !he )a+e +a(gin) )hall no! ,e u)e/ /i(ec!ly1 I! i) !hen acce!a,le !o )u,)!an!ia!e !ha! ane6ui.alen! )ae!y le.el i) achie.e/ a) !he le.el i+lie/ ,y !he (ele.an! )!an/a(/ in/u)!(y (ac!ice o( )eciica!ion1

I no (ele.an! )!an/a(/ in/u)!(y (ac!ice o( )eciica!ion i) a.aila,le !he (o,a,ili!y o ailu(e )hall ,e/e!e(+ine/ ,a)e/ on ,e)! in/u)!(y (ac!ice1

G&idance note9

The(e a(e ou( a(oache) !o /e!e(+ining !he (o,a,ili!y o ailu(e4

&8 Enginee(ing u/ge+en!1

28 S!a!i)!ical e.i/ence (o+ !e)!ing o( iel/ e<e(ience1

38 P(o,a,ili!ie) /eine/ !h(ough alica!ion o )!an/a(/)1

8 P(o,a,ili!ie) oun/ ,y )!(uc!u(al (elia,ili!y +e!ho/) (o,a,ili)!ic +e!ho/81

A (o,a,ili!y ,a)e/ on enginee(ing u/ge+en! ill in )o+e o(+ ,e ,a)e/ on )!a!i)!ical e.i/ence !h(ough e<e(ience1Pe()onal 6ualiica!ion) a(e hence o i+o(!ance a) /i)cu))e/ in Sec111 Thi) i+lie) !ha! !he(e i) a )igniican!unce(!ain!y !o !he e)!i+a!e/ (o,a,ili!y hich )hall ,e con)e(.a!i.e1

S!a!i)!ical e.i/ence (o+ !e)!ing o( iel/ e<e(ience can ,e han/le/ ,a)e/ on ISO) =7ui/e !o !he E<(e))ion o #nce(!ain!y in Mea)u(e+en!)>1

S!(uc!u(al (elia,ili!y a))e))+en! can ,e ca((ie/ ou! ,a)e/ on DNV Cla))iica!ion No!e 301@ o( o!he( e)!a,li)he/in/u)!(y (ac!ice1 The +e!ho/ i) illu)!(a!e/ in igu(e B-& he(e S i) !he (o,a,ili!y /en)i!y /i)!(i,u!ion o !he loa/eec! an/ R i) !he (o,a,ili!y /en)i!y /i)!(i,u!ion o !he (e)i)!ance1

o( ailu(e +echani)+ material plastic yield* S i) !he (o,a,ili!y /en)i!y /i)!(i,u!ion o !he )!(e)) in (e)on)e !o !healie/ loa/ an/ R i) !he (o,a,ili!y /en)i!y /i)!(i,u!ion o !he yiel/ )!(e))1 ailu(e occu() hen S e<cee/) R a)illu)!(a!e/ ,y !he (ange he(e !he /i)!(i,u!ion) o.e(la i!h a non-negligi,le (o,a,ili!y1 Quan!iica!ion o !he

(o,a,ili!y u)e) !he oin! (o,a,ili!y /en)i!y /i)!(i,u!ion RS1

Fig&re 61The *ro.a.ilit( densit( distri.&tions according to *ro.a.ilistic design@ indicating the range 8here thedistri.&tions o7erla* 8ith a non6negligi.le *ro.a.ilit( densit(

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

S R f R*S 0r*s1

R*S

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-ec.(% @ecution of the Technology 7ualification !lan !age &2

12 E4ec&tion o" the Technolog( )&ali"ication !lan

&'ecution of the Technology "ualification Plan should document the performance margins for the failuremodes of concern.

121 %ntrod&ction

The e<ecu!ion o !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan u)ually (e(e)en!) !he +ain co)! in !he Technology

Qualiica!ion (oce)) an/ +ay ,e !i+e con)u+ing co+a(e/ !o !he (e.iou) )!e)1 I! i) !he(eo(e i+o(!an! !ha!!he 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) a(e ell cho)en an/ lanne/ in o(/e( !o /e(i.e !he +a<i+u+ .alue (o+ !hein.e)!+en! in !i+e an/ (e)ou(ce) ,y gene(a!ing !he ino(+a!ion nee/e/ !o a//(e)) !he i/en!iie/ ailu(e +o/e)1

The e<ecu!ion o !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan con)i)!) o !he olloing *ey )!e)4

5 Ca((ying ou! !he ac!i.i!ie) in !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan1 5 Collec!ing an/ /ocu+en!ing !he /a!a gene(a!e/ ,y !he (e)ec!i.e 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie)1 5 En)u(ing !(acea,ili!y o !hi) /a!a1 5 De!e(+ining !he e(o(+ance +a(gin o( each ailu(e +o/e1

G&idance note9

I !he(e i) a /elay ,e!een !he /e.elo+en! o !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan an/ i!) e<ecu!ion i! i) (eco++en/e/!ha! i! )houl/ ,e (e.iee/ !o en)u(e !ha! !he 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) )!ill (oe(ly a//(e)) !he ailu(e +o/e) o conce(n4

5 Chec* .e(iy !ha! !he lanne/ ac!i.i!y o( each ailu(e +o/e ill a//(e)) !he e(o(+ance +a(gin) o conce(n1

ill !he lanne/ !e)! in/ !he e(o(+ance +a(gin !o !he )eciie/ oe(a!ional (e6ui(e+en!) i!h !he /e)i(e/ le.elo coni/ence

5 Chec* !ha! !he oe(a!ional li+i!) )eciie/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) a(e co((ec! o( each ailu(e +o/eo conce(n1 Chec* i!h !he C(i!ical Pa(a+e!e() $i)!1

5 Ve(iy !ha! !he lanne/ !e)!) ill .ali/a!e !he analy!ical +o/el)81

5 Ve(iy !he le.el o accu(acy1

5 Ou!line ha! i) )uicien! e.i/ence an/ ho e.i/ence )houl/ ,e gene(a!e/ an/ /ocu+en!e/1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

The ac!i.i!ie) o !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan )hall ,e e<ecu!e/ a) )eciie/ unle)) !he /e.ia!ion i) lanne/ i1e1 i! )!e+) (o+ !he i!e(a!ion (oce))1

The a))u+!ion) an/ con/i!ion) !ha! nee/ !o ,e ulille/ ,y !he 6ualiie/ !echnology )hall ,e /ocu+en!e/1

12$ Fail&re Mode Detection D&ring )&ali"ication

ailu(e +o/e) /e!ec!e/ /u(ing !he 6uali!y con!(ol a! +anuac!u(ing 6ualiica!ion !e)!) a,(ica!ion acce!ance!e)!) o( la!e( oe(a!ion) )hall ,e (eco(/e/ an/ /ocu+en!e/1 The /ocu+en!a!ion )hall inclu/e !he /a!e /e!ec!e/!he /e)c(i!ion o !he ailu(e +o/e o!he( o,)e(.a!ion) an/ !he i/en!i!y o !he o(igina!o(1

hen a ailu(e o( ailu(e +o/e i) /e!ec!e/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) !he occu((ence o !heailu(e +o/e )hall ,e e.alua!e/ i!h (ega(/ !o !he !h(ee olloing ca)e)4

&8 ailu(e +o/e occu((e/ i!hin !he e<ec!e/ (e6uency o occu((ence acco(/ing !o !he analy)i)1

28 ailu(e +o/e occu((e/ i!h a highe( (e6uency o occu((ence1

38 ailu(e +o/e ha) no! ,een con)i/e(e/1

In ca)e & no u(!he( ac!ion nee/) !o ,e !a*en1 In ca)e 2 !he ,a)ic a))u+!ion) o( !he (e6uency o occu((ence

)hall ,e (e-e.alua!e/1 Thi) (e-e.alua!ion )hall inclu/e i+lica!ion) o( all +o/el) u)e/1 In ca)e 3 !he ailu(e+o/e nee/) !o ,e con)i/e(e/ an/ i oun/ (ele.an! +u)! ,e inclu/e/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce))1

12' Collection and Doc&,entation o" Data

The /ocu+en!e/ e.i/ence (o+ !he e<ecu!ion o !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan )hall ena,le !he e(o(+ance a))e))+en! )!e !o ,e ca((ie/ ou!1 The /a!a collec!ion an/ i!) /ocu+en!a!ion )houl/ ,e e(o(+e/a! !he le.el o /e!ail (ele.an! o( !he /e.elo+en! )!age o !he !echnology1

The 6uali!y o !he /a!a gene(a!e/ an/ co+liance i!h !he )eciica!ion in !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan)hall ,e e.alua!e/1

The ailu(e +o/e (egi)!e( Sec1G1&8 )hall ,e u)e/ !o ollo u !he /a!a collec!ion an/ !he o.e(all 6ualiica!iono !he !echnology1

G&idance note9

An elec!(onic /a!a,a)e +ay ,e u)e/ o( !hi) u(o)e hen !he !echnology ha) +any a(!) )u,-)y)!e+) o( ailu(e+o/e) i1e1 in e<ce)) o 2H1 The u(o)e o !hi) /a!a,a)e i) !o4

Kee !(ac* o !he 6ualiica!ion /e.elo+en! o( each ailu(e +o/e an/ o( each a(! )u,-)y)!e+1

An elec!(onic /a!a,a)e )hall ,e a((ange/ !o allo o( au!o+a!ic )o(!ing i!h !he u(o)e !o e<!(ac! an/ (e)en! *ey/a!a an/ i))ue) in (io(i!y1 Thi) can inclu/e4

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-ec.(% @ecution of the Technology 7ualification !lan !age &4

&8 !he ailu(e +echani)+) i!hin !he +e/iu+ an/ high (i)* a(ea

28 !he ailu(e +echani)+) i!h )ho(!e)! !i+e !o ailu(e

38 !he a(!) o( )u,-)y)!e+) i!h )ho(!e)! !i+e !o ailu(e

8 a(!) )u,ec! !o )i+ila( !ye ailu(e +echani)+)

H8 co++on-+o/e ailu(e)

@8 !he ailu(e +echani)+) (ela!e/ !o !he (i)* ca!ego(ia!ion o !he !echnology1

Aen/i< A illu)!(a!e) a )i+le o(+ o )uch an elec!(onic /a!a,a)e chec*li)! ,a)e/ on a )(ea/-)hee! i!h /a!a,a)eacili!ie)1 Thi) allo) o( )o(!ing ,a)e/ on ino(+a!ion in any o !he colu+n)1

Each (e.i)ion o !he chec*li)! )hall ,e i/en!iie/ a) ell a) !he )ou(ce) o( inu! in!o !he chec*li)!1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

In o(/e( !o en)u(e !(acea,ili!y !he /a!a )hall ,e o(ganie/ in )uch a +anne( !ha! !he(e i) a clea( lin* ,e!een!he )!e) o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) (o+ !he Technology Qualiica!ion ,a)i) !o Pe(o(+anceA))e))+en!1 I! )hall ,e o))i,le !o !(ace !he !h(ea!) !ha! ha.e ,een i/en!iie/ ho !hey ha.e ,een a//(e))e/!e)!) analy)i) (e.iou) e<e(ience e!c18 ha! e.i/ence ha) ,een /e.eloe/ !e)! an/ analy)i) (eo(!)8 an/ho !ha! e.i/ence +ee!) (e6ui(e+en!) in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1

Thi) (o.i/e) oo(!uni!y o( in/een/en! (e.ie o !he 6ualiica!ion conclu)ion) an/ ill ena,le (eu)e o e.i/ence in u!u(e (oec!) e1g1 6ualiica!ion o (eine/ .e()ion) o !he !echnology o( o!he( !echnology ,a)e/on ele+en!) o !hi) !echnology1

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-ec.(( !erformance #ssessment !age &5

11 !er"or,ance Assess,ent

The o,ec!i.e o Pe(o(+ance A))e))+en! i) !o +ea)u(e )ucce)) ,y (e.ieing !he a.aila,le 6ualiica!ione.i/ence Sec1&08 again)! !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) Sec1@81 In !he inal i!e(a!ion !hi) i+lie)coni(+a!ion !ha! !he !echnology +ee!) all i!) (e6ui(e+en!) an/ ,o!h (i)* an/ unce(!ain!y ha.e ,een (e/uce/!o acce!a,le le.el)1 In ea(lie( i!e(a!ion) he(e heal!h )ae!y o( !he en.i(on+en! )hall no! ,e co+(o+i)e/ aPe(o(+ance A))e))+en! can inclu/e a u/ge+en! !ha! !he (i)* an/ unce(!ain!y (ela!ing !o !he (e+aining a(!

o !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan i) acce!a,le1111 %ntrod&ction

The u(o)e o !hi) Pe(o(+ance A))e))+en! i) !o (o.i/e coni/ence an/ (e+o.e unce(!ain!y (o+ !he lin*) ,e!een !he e.i/ence ailu(e +o/e) an/ !he (e6ui(e+en!) in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1 I !hea))e))+en! conclu/e) !ha! )o+e unc!ional (e6ui(e+en!) o !he !echnology a(e no! +e! (i)* con!(ol o!ion)+o/iica!ion o !he !echnology8 an/ u(!he( 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) can ,e i/en!iie/1 Thi) can inclu/e!igh!ening o !he oe(a!ing en.eloe o( !o enhance in)ec!ion +ain!enance an/ (eai( )!(a!egie) !o +ee! !he(e6ui(e+en!) ,a)e/ on !he e<i)!ing e.i/ence1 I none o !he)e a(e ea)i,le !he Technology Qualiica!ion ha)aile/1

Pe(o(+ance A))e))+en!) can al)o ,e ca((ie/ ou! a! /eine/ oin!) /u(ing oe(a!ion !o coni(+ !ha! !heoe(a!ion) a(e i!hin !he a))u+!ion) con!aine/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1

Key )!e) o !he Pe(o(+ance A))e))+en! a(e !o4

5 In!e((e! !he e.i/ence in !he )eciic con!e<! o !he !echnology !o accoun! o( )i+liica!ion) an/a))u+!ion) +a/e hen !he e.i/ence a) gene(a!e/ an/ li+i!a!ion) an/ a(o<i+a!ion) in !he +e!ho/)u)e/1

5 Coni(+ !ha! !he 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) ha.e ,een ca((ie/ ou! an/ !ha! !he acce!ance c(i!e(ia ha.e ,een+e!1 A *ey a(! o !hi) coni(+a!ion i) !o ca((y ou! a ga analy)i) !o en)u(e !ha! !he 6ualiica!ion e.i/enceo( each i/en!iie/ ailu(e +o/e Sec1G8 +ee!) !he acce!ance c(i!e(ia1

5 Pe(o(+ a )en)i!i.i!y analy)i) o (ele.an! a(a+e!e( eec!)1 5 A))e)) !he coni/ence !ha! ha) ,een ,uil! in!o !he 6ualiica!ion e.i/ence !h(ough !he 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie)1

Thi) )hall con)i/e( !he e<!en! !o hich !e)! )eciica!ion) ha.e ,een in/een/en!ly (e.iee/ an/ !e)!)i!ne))e/ ,y an in/een/en! a(!y1

5 Co+a(e !he ailu(e (o,a,ili!y o( e(o(+ance +a(gin o( each i/en!iie/ ailu(e +o/e o conce(n i!h !he(e6ui(e+en!) lai/ /on in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1 E.i/ence )hall ,e (oaga!e/ o( in/i.i/ual

ele+en!) o no.el !echnology an/ (e.iee/ again)! !he en!i(e )y)!e+ co.e(e/ ,y !he TechnologyQualiica!ion1

hen a(a+e!e( eec!) a(e (e/ic!e/ ,y +o/el) !he a))e))+en! +u)! inclu/e .ali/a!ion o !he +o/el) u)e/1

hen )e(.ice (eco(/) a(e u)e/ in !he a))e))+en! !he con/i!ion) in hich !he (eco(/ing) e(e +a/e )hall ,eaccoun!e/ o( an/ !he a))e))+en! )hall con)i/e( ho !he in!en/e/ )e(.ice con/i!ion) /ie(1

hen e.i/ence (o+ co+onen! o( (o!o!ye !e)!) i) u)e/ !he a))e))+en! )hall accoun! o( !he ac!ual!ole(ance) achie.e/ in !he o,ec!) !e)!e/ (ela!i.e !o !he !ole(ance) )eciie/ o( !he !echnology !he(e,yaccoun!ing o( any /e.ia!ion) ,e!een !he e(o(+ance o !he !e)! o,ec!) an/ !ho)e al(ea/y in (o/uc!ion1

The 6ualiica!ion conclu)ion) +igh! (e(e)en! a )ae )e(.ice en.eloe !ha! oul/ e(+i! )ae oe(a!ion a! anacce!a,le le.el o (i)*8 ,eyon/ !he oe(a!ing con/i!ion) )eciie/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1 Thi)can )i+liy (e-6ualiica!ion o( +o/iie/ oe(a!ing c(i!e(ia i1e1 a i/e( )e(.ice con!e<!1

11$ Relia.ilit(

11$1 General

I a (elia,ili!y !a(ge! i) )!a!e/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) !hen a 6uan!i!a!i.e (elia,ili!y a))e))+en!)hall ,e ca((ie/ ou! !a*ing in!o accoun! ino(+a!ion (o+ !he e<ecu!ion o !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan1

o( !i+e-/een/en! ailu(e) !he e)!i+a!e/ !i+e !o ailu(e )hall ,e (ee((e/ !o a )eciie/ !i+e (ee(ence e1g1 !heo.e(all !o!al8 )y)!e+ lie!i+e o( lanne/ !i+e !o +ain!enance1

The o.e(all ailu(e (o,a,ili!y o a )y)!e+ i) go.e(ne/ ,y4

5 !he ailu(e +o/e) o !he in/i.i/ual co+onen!) in !he )y)!e+ 5 !he (o,a,ili!y o !he)e ailu(e +o/e) 5 !he lie!i+e (o,a,ili!y /en)i!y /i)!(i,u!ion hich i) a unc!ion o !i+e )ecial oe(a!ion) o( o!he(

a(a+e!e() 5 any /een/encie) ,e!een co+onen!) o( co++on cau)e) !ha! +ay lea/ !o +ul!ile ailu(e +o/e) 5 !he con)e6uence o ailu(e +o/e) on !he )y)!e+ ailu(e (e6uency !a*ing in!o accoun! (e/un/ancy1

Se.e(al e)!a,li)he/ +e!ho/) can ,e u)e/ !o e)!i+a!e (elia,ili!y1 They a(e ,(iely /e)c(i,e/ in !he olloing1

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-ec.(( !erformance #ssessment !age &6

11$$ %n*&t data

The (elia,ili!y analy)i) )hall ,e ,a)e/ on !he ailu(e +o/e) e)!a,li)he/ acco(/ing !o Sec1G1 The (elia,ili!yanaly)i) )hall ,e ,a)e/ on !he e.i/ence ga!he(e/ /u(ing e<ecu!ion o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce))1

11$' Methods

Co++on +e!ho/) o( e)!i+a!ion o !he )y)!e+ (elia,ili!y a(e4

5 Relia,ili!y ,loc* /iag(a+ !echni6ue R9D8 hich con)i/e() )y)!e+ i!h co+onen!) in )e(ie) an/ a(allel1

5 aul! !(ee analy)i) TA8 hich con)i/e() co+,ina!ion) o )u,)y)!e+) loe(-le.el aul!) an/ co+onen!aul!)1 TA i) a !o-/on analy)i) an/ !he(eo(e ha) !o ,e (eea!e/ o( each !o e.en!1

5 Mon!e Ca(lo )i+ula!ion o R9D) T) o( +o(e co+le< )y)!e+) u!iliing )o+e )ui!a,le )o!a(e !ool1

The )!an/a(/ oun/ ,e)! !o /e)c(i,e !he)e )y)!e+) i)4 9S H@04 Pa(! 2 &BB8 Relia,ili!y o )y)!e+) e6ui+en!an/ co+onen!) Pa(! 21 7ui/e !o a))e))+en! o (elia,ili!y1

ISO 20G&H /e)c(i,e) !he +o/elling o (o/uc!ion )y)!e+)1

G&idance note9

A (elia,ili!y goal +igh! ,e B0U (o,a,ili!y o no !o!al unc!ion ailu(e i!hin !he )eciie/ !i+e1

Many ailu(e +echani)+) a(e (ela!e/ !o !i+e an/ oe(a!ion)1 They ha.e an inc(ea)ing (o,a,ili!y o occu((ence i!h

)e(.ice lie1 In !he analy)i) !hi) eec! i) /e)c(i,e/ ,y !he (o,a,ili!y /i)!(i,u!ion1 :ence i! i) o a(!icula( i+o(!ance!o e)!a,li)h a /i)!(i,u!ion o( !he ailu(e i!h highe)! (i)*1

ailu(e) occu((ing in !he ea(ly ha)e) o oe(a!ion a(e o!en (ela!e/ !o +anuac!u(e o( in)!alla!ion1 A high 6uali!y o

(e-in)!alla!ion chec*) an/ !e)!) uon in)!alla!ion ill (e/uce )uch (i)*1 The(eo(e !he analy)i) )houl/ inclu/e a ocu)

on !he eec!) o )uch chec*) an/ !e)!) a) ell a) 6uali!y +anage+en! (ac!ice) !o (e.en! aul!) (o+ occu((ing in

!he i()! lace1

o( a co+le< )y)!e+ !he )y)!e+ (elia,ili!y an/ i!) a))ocia!e/ /i)!(i,u!ion +ay ,e /e!e(+ine/ ,y )i+ula!ion

!echni6ue)1

A co+le< )y)!e+ ha) +any ailu(e +o/e) each i!h i!) a))ocia!e/ ailu(e (o,a,ili!y /i)!(i,u!ion1 The )y)!e+

(elia,ili!y an/ i!) a))ocia!e/ /i)!(i,u!ion +ay ,e /e!e(+ine/ ,y Mon!e Ca(lo )i+ula!ion !echni6ue)1 The )y)!e+

(elia,ili!y i) calcula!e/ a la(ge nu+,e( o !i+e)1 o( each calcula!ion a ne ailu(e (o,a,ili!y i) /e!e(+ine/ o( eachailu(e +o/e /(an (o+ !he )!a!i)!ical /i)!(i,u!ion o !ha! a(!icula( ailu(e +o/e1 The (e)ul!ing )y)!e+ (elia,ili!y

.alue) a// u !o o(+ a ailu(e (o,a,ili!y /i)!(i,u!ion o( !he o.e(all )y)!e+1 The )y)!e+ +ean !i+e !o ailu(e an/

o!he( )!a!i)!ical a(a+e!e() )uch a) loe( acce!ance 6uan!ile )ay B0U (o,a,ili!y o no ailu(e +ay ,e calcula!e/

,a)e/ on !hi) /i)!(i,u!ion1

The(e i) a (ange o co+u!e( (og(a+) on !he +a(*e! o( !hi) u(o)e1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

hen (ele.an! (elia,ili!y /a!a a(e lac*ing )!(uc!u(al (elia,ili!y a))e))+en! SRA8 +e!ho/) can ,e u)e/ !oe)!i+a!e !he (elia,ili!y o no.el )!(uc!u(al ele+en!) an/ co+onen!)1 SRA i) ,a)e/ on +o/el) o !he ailu(e+echani)+)1 So+e gene(al (incile) a(e (o.i/e/ in ISO 23B4 7ene(al P(incile) on Relia,ili!y o( S!(uc!u(e) he(ea) +o(e (ac!ical gui/ance i) (o.i/e/ ,y DNV Cla))iica!ion No!e 301@4 S!(uc!u(al

Relia,ili!y Analy)i) o Ma(ine S!(uc!u(e)1 The)e +e!ho/) can ,e u)e/ hene.e( a ailu(e +o/e can ,e(e(e)en!e/ a) a li+i! )!a!e unc!ion +o/el8 o(+ula!e/ in !e(+) o (an/o+ .a(ia,le) !ha! (e(e)en! !he (ele.an!)ou(ce) o unce(!ain!y1

11' Decision6,a5ing

The Pe(o(+ance A))e))+en! conclu/e) i!h !he aoin!e/ /eci)ion-+a*e( conclu/ing he!he( o( no! a)eciic +ile)!one 6ualiica!ion )!a!e8 in !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e ha) ,een (eache/1

In gene(al !he /eci)ion-+a*ing i) ,a)e/ on4

5 De+on)!(a!ion o co+liance i!h !he (e6ui(e+en!) )eciie/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1

5 "u/ge+en! - (e)en!e/ ,y e<e(!) o( an in/een/en! a(!y ? he!he( o( no! !he )eciie/ /e.elo+en! )!ageha) ,een (eache/1

5 The coni/ence !ha! !he /eci)ion-+a*e() ha.e ac6ui(e/ !h(ough !hei( ,e!!e( un/e()!an/ing o !he no.el!echnology1

Thi) o)i!i.e o( nega!i.e ou!co+e con)!i!u!e) !he /eli.e(a,le o Technology Qualiica!ion a) /e)c(i,e/ in !hi)Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice an/ i) !he only +ea)u(e o !he coni/ence !ha! ha) ,een e)!a,li)he/ in !he !echnology1

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#pp.# )hecklist " =ailure >echanisms " Data 8ase !age 0%

A!!END% A CHEC%ST 6 FA%URE MECHAN%SMS 6 DATA 0ASE

A1 Fail&re ,echanis,s chec5list

Ta,le A-& (e(e)en!) a !a,le layou! co+,ining /a!a nee/e/ !o ollo u ailu(e +echani)+) a) ell a) gene(alMEA ? MECA /a!a1 I! i) (ac!ical !o a((ange !hi) in a /a!a,a)e !o ena,le au!o+a!ic )o(!ing an/ ollo u

!he ailu(e +o/e) o conce(n ailu(e +echani)+) an/ i!e+) o ne !echnology1 The MEA ? MECA /a!aa(e no(+ally o in!e(e)! in !he ea(ly /e.elo+en! ha)e) hen (i)* i) a))ocia!e/ i!h ca!ego(ie) o( (o,a,ili!yan/ con)e6uence1

The le! a(! o !he !a,le (ela!e) !o !he (elia,ili!y /a!a collec!ion hen ocu) i) on /ocu+en!ing lie!i+e o( !heailu(e +echani)+)1 The /e)i(a,le /eg(ee o co+le!ene)) hen illing ou! !he !a,le /een/) on !he la!e( u)ean/ !he e<ec!e/ (e)ul!) (o+ au!o+a!ic )o(!ing1 Ne line) nee/ !o ,e in)e(!e/ in !he !a,le /u(ing !he/e.elo+en! an/ 6ualiica!ion1 The (ac!ical i/en!iica!ion o !he line) ill !he(eo(e ,e !he a(! nu+,e( an/ailu(e +echani)+ !ye1 The ID nu+,e( only ollo) !he )e6uence o in)e(!) unle)) i! i) /eci/e/ !o u)e a)e6uen!ial nu+,e( lin*e/ only !o !he a(! nu+,e( an/ ailu(e +o/e1

Ter, De"inition

$D I/en!iica!ion nu+,e(

ailure echanism Type/ Root cause

See RP

Part %o The a(! nu+,e()8 i/en!iying !he a(!) on an a((ange+en! /(aing o)i!ion nu+,e()8 o()u,)y)!e+ i/en!iica!ion on a )che+a!ic )y)!e+ a((ange+en!

Ris! -at. Ri)* Ca!ego(y4

5 $ $o 5 M Me/iu+ o( 5 : :igh

Au!o+a!ically calcula!e/ ,a)e/ on !he (e6uency an/ con)e6uence ca!ego(y a! !he en/ o !he !a,le1

%ovelty -ategory No.el!y ca!ego(y o( !he !echnology4 Ranging (o+ & !o acco(/ing !o !he Sec1131

TT Mean Ti+e To ailu(e1 The a.e(age !i+e !o ailu(e e1g1 e<ec!ancy o a (o,a,ili!y /i)!(i,u!ion i)a u)eul a(a+e!e( (o+ !he (o,a,ili!y /i)!(i,u!ion1

2-2 $ie!i+e a! !he acce!a,le coni/ence le.el /eine/ ,y !he acce!ance e(cen!ile ig13-&1 E1g1 !helie!i+e a! a coni/ence le.el e1g1 BHU ill change /u(ing !he 6ualiica!ion a) !he lie!i+e

(o,a,ili!y /en)i!y /i)!(i,u!ion i) i+(o.e/1

argin Ma(gin ,e!een oe(a!ing con/i!ion an/ ailu(e con/i!ion a) /e!e(+ine/ in !he (elia,ili!y /a!acollec!ion1 Thi) i) in a(!icula( (ele.an! o( ailu(e +echani)+) hich a(e no! /ue !o /eg(a/a!ion an/o( hich =ailu(e Ra!e> ,eco+e) i((ele.an!1

-omment Co++en!) nee/e/ !o un/e()!an/ !he ino(+a!ion gi.en1

Source The )ou(ce o( ailu(e (a!e) an/ Ma(gin /e!e(+ina!ion /ocu+en! (ee(ence8 a) ell a)i/en!iica!ion o !he e()on +a*ing !he la)! (e.i)ion1

Rev $a)! (e.i)ion nu+,e( o( !he a(!icula( ailu(e +echani)+1

Date Da!e o la)! (e.i)ion1

ailure ode I/en!iica!ion o !he ailu(e +o/e Detection Po))i,le +e!ho/ a))u+e/ o( /e!ec!ion o !he ailu(e +o/e

&ffect The eec! on !he o.e(all )y)!e+1

#perating phase The oe(a!ional ha)e o( hich !he ailu(e +o/e i) a))e))e/1

Service life Ta(ge! )e(.ice lie o( co+onen!unc!ion1

Revised re+uencycategory

An u/a!e/ ailu(e (o,a,ili!y ca!ego(y /eine/ acco(/ing !o !he (i)* +a!(i<1 Inu! ino(+a!ion i)(o+ MTT o( $C$1

Revised -ons.category

An u/a!e/ con)e6uence ca!ego(y acco(/ing !o !he (i)* +a!(i<1

$nitial re+uencycategory

The ini!ial ailu(e (o,a,ili!y ca!ego(y1 Thi) i) a(! o !he 6uali!y con!(ol !o !(ac* change)1 A chec*!o en)u(e !ha! !he ailu(e +o/e i) con)i/e(e/ a!e( change)+o/iica!ion1

$nitial -ons.category The ini!ial con)e6uence ca!ego(y1 Re1 a,o.e1

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DE T NORS K

E VE RI T AS AS

Ta.le A61

$nformation for the reliability data collection ,dditional inform

$D

ailuremechanismtype / Root

cause

Part %o:

Ris!-at.

%ovelty-at.

TT 2-2 argin -omment Source Rev Date ailure ode

Detection &ffect #perating

phaseService

life

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#pp.8 3tems of )oncern )auses of =ailure >echanisms Technology Development -tage !age 0$

A!!END% 0 %TEMS OF CONCERN – CAUSES OF FA%URE

MECHAN%SMS – TECHNOOGI DE=EO!MENT STAGE

01 %ntrod&ction

$i)!e/ in !hi) aen/i< a(e chec*li)!) !o ,e u)e/ a) gui/ance !o /ie(en! )ec!ion) o !hi) Reco++en/e/

P(ac!ice1 They a(e +ean! !o hel !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) ei!he( ,y )i+le o( lea/ing 6ue)!ion)o( /eine/ i))ue) !ha! can ea)ily ,e o.e(loo*e/ in a co+le< !echnology1 The li)!) a(e +ean! a) e<a+le) an/a(e !he(eo(e no! co+le!e1 The hea/ing) o !he olloing +ain )ec!ion) (elec! !he (ela!e/ hea/ing) in !he +ain a(! o !he Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice1

0$ Technolog( )&ali"ication 0asis

0$1 S(ste, descri*tion

The olloing i) (ela!e/ !o )eciica!ion) o )y)!e+)co+onen!)4

0$$ Uncertainties

The olloing chec*li)! )u++a(i)e) i!e+) !ha! )houl/ ,e con)i/e(e/ con!inuou)ly !h(oughou! !he /e)ign (oce)) i!h (ega(/) !o inhe(en! unce(!ain!ie)1

S(ste, descri*tion

Caaci!ie) Caaci!y (e6ui(e+en!) an/ li+i! con/i!ion) )hall ,e clea(ly )!a!e/ in !he )y)!e+ )eciica!ion8

Ce(!iica!e) a(o.al

Co+onen! li)!)

Connec!ion)In!e(ace

Deli.e(y Scoe8

Di+en)ion)

En.i(on+en!al /a!a o oe(a!ion

ailu(e (a!e lie!i+e a.aila,ili!y

unc!ion /e)c(i!ion

IO )ignal)

In)!alla!ion

In)!(u+en!a!ion

$ayou! /(aing)

Main!enance

Moun!ingOe(a!ion

Oe(a!ion +anual

Oe(a!ion li+i!)

PID /ocu+en!a!ion

Pu(o)e o !he )y)!e+

Sae!y )y)!e+)

S!an/a(/) (ule) an/ (egula!ion)

Sy)!e+ )eciica!ion)

Ven/o( in!e(ace)

Analy)i)

Dyna+ic (e)on)e)

Inu! a(a+e!e()

In)!alla!ion

In!e(ace)

Ven/o( /eli.e(ie)

$oa/)

Sea ,e/

Te)!)

Ti+e !o co+le!ion lie!i+e o( oe(a!ion8

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#pp.8 3tems of )oncern )auses of =ailure >echanisms Technology Development -tage !age 0&

0' Ran5ing o" Fail&re Modes

The ailu(e cau)e) ha.e ,een g(oue/ in ca!ego(ie) li*e !ye o e6ui+en! e!c1

0'1 Fail&re ca&ses

Materials

9(i!!le (ac!u(e

Ca!ho/ic (o!ec!ion

Co((o)ion

E(o)ion

E<lo)i.e /eco+(e))ion

a!igue

:2S in!e(nal an/ e<!e(nal

Ma!e(ial co+a!i,ili!y

Ma!e(ial /eg(a/a!ion an/ ageing Me!allic +a!e(ial) oly+e() an/ co+o)i!e)

Mechanical (oe(!ie) an/ !e+e(a!u(e

Mig(a!ion in !he(+al in)ula!ion an/ ,uoyancy +a!e(ial)

Selling

Mechanical e:&i*,ent

9alance

9ea(ing)

Ca.i!a!ion

I+ac!

Ma!ingin!e( acing

Mig(a!ion cau)ing lea*

Oe(a!ion

The(+al e<an)ion

Vi,(a!ion

a!e( loc* ea(

Electrical !o8er s(ste,s

Ageing

Connec!o() +a!ing +alunc!ion8

Elec!(ical in)ula!ion /eg(a/a!ion

:igh .ol!age

$o .ol!age

Mig(a!ion

T(an)+i))ion lo))e)

O*tical s(ste,s

Ca,le ,(ea*

Ca,le lo))

Connec!o() lo))e)

Elec!(o-o!ical e6ui+en! +alunc!ion

!ne&,atic s(ste,s

Clogging

Con!a+ina!ion an/ con/en)a!ion

Con!(ol )y)!e+ lo))

P(e))u(e lo))

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#pp.8 3tems of )oncern )auses of =ailure >echanisms Technology Development -tage !age 00

0'$ F&nctional ele,ents

0'' %nter"acing *o8er and control s(ste, "ail&re

0+ Technolog( De7elo*,ent States and Readiness e7els

In/u)!(y u)e) Technology Readiness 2evels TR$8 a) a +ea)u(e o a !echnologyL) 6ualiica!ion /e.elo+en!)!a!e1 The Technology Rea/ine)) $e.el can ,e /eine/ ,o!h o( a )y)!e+ an/ o( co+onen!)1 The )cale .a(ie)(o+ (ough i/ea) !o iel/ (o.en !echnology an/ !he le.el i) no(+ally /e!e(+ine/ ,y !he a+oun! o( )cale o e(o(+e/ !e)!)1

Va(iou) )cale) an/ /e)c(i!ion) a(e in u)e ,y !he in/u)!(y !o/ay1 I! )houl/ ,e .e(iie/ !ha! !he )cale !o ,e u)e//eine) (ele.an! (ea/ine)) le.el) o( !he !echnology ,eing 6ualiie/1

The gene(ic TR$ /eini!ion) u)e/ in in/u)!(y can ,e aligne/ i!h !he !echnology 6ualiica!ion )!a!e) (e1 igu(e-21 9ecau)e !he acce!ance c(i!e(ia a(e a+,iguou) i! i) /iicul! !o /e!e(+ine hen each TR$ ha) ,een(eache/1 I i! i) (e6ui(e/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(og(a++e !o i/en!iy TR$) !hen (oec! )eciicacce!ance c(i!e(ia )houl/ ,e /e.eloe/ o( each (ele.an! TR$1

TR$) (o.i/e a high-le.el +ea)u(e o !he (og(e)) o !he !echnology /e.elo+en! an/ !he a))ocia!e/6ualiica!ion )!a!e )ui!a,le o( co+a(ing )i+ila( !echnologie)1

hen Technology Rea/ine)) $e.el i) u)e/ in conunc!ion i!h 6ualiica!ion o !echnology !o co++unica!e !he

H(dra&lic s(ste,s

Clogging

Con!a+ina!ion

Con!(ol )y)!e+ lo))

:y/(aulic lui/ /eg(a/a!ion an/ ageing

P(e))u(e lo))

!rocess

Clogging

Con!a+ina!ion

lui/ lo change)

:y/(a!e)

In!e(nal lui/ ha)e change)

$ea*

Re+o.al o clog)

San/

Scaling

a<

=endor deli7eries

$ac* o un/e()!an/ing o in!e(ace) i!h /eli.e(e/ a(!)

$ac* o un/e()!an/ing o .en/o( (e6ui(e+en!)

Ro!o( /yna+ic)

Seal)

5 S!a!ic )o! )eal)

5 Dyna+ic )o! )eal)

5 S!a!ic ha(/ )eal) 5 Dyna+ic ha(/ )eal)

5 Dyna+ic lui/ )eal)

Soil in!e(ac!ion)

S!(eng!h /yna+ic

S!(eng!h )!a!ic

Elec!(ic oe(

Elec!(onic con!(ol an/ )en)o( ailu(e)

:y/(aulic

ManualSo!a(e

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6ualiica!ion )!a!e i! )hall ,e .e(iia,le !h(ough e.i/ence (o+ 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) acco(/ing !o !hi)Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice1

E<e(ience ha) )hon !ha! high ocu) on TR$ a))e))+en!) can (e6ui(e a lo! o !i+e an/ (e)ou(ce) an/ /oe) no!con!(i,u!e !o enhancing !he !echnology1

o( !hi) (ea)on i! i) (eco++en/e/ !o co+le+en! !he u)e o TR$) i!h o!he( ay) o a))e))ing 6ualiica!ion)!a!u)1 Tha! can ,e (og(e)) !oa(/) )eciie/ +ile)!one) (oec! (i)* a))e))+en! conce(ning )che/ule an/

,u/ge! (i)*) an/ a))e))+en! !he (i)* o ailing !o achie.e 6ualiica!ion1Ta,le 9-& )ho) !he TR$) /eine/ in ,y #S DoD Technology Rea/ine)) A))e))+en! TRA8 De)*,oo* "uly200B81 They a(e )uo(!e/ ,y /e!aile/ gui/ance in !he De)*,oo* on !he u)e o !he TR$) !ha! i) (ele.an! o( !hein!en/e/ +ili!a(y alica!ion a(ea)1 Ta,le 9-2 ,elo )ho) !he TR$) /eine/ in API &N Reco++en/e/P(ac!ice o( Su,)ea P(o/uc!ion Sy)!e+ Relia,ili!y an/ Technical Ri)* Manage+en! 200B81 De!aile/ gui/ance)i+ila( !o !ha! in !he DoD De)*,oo* i) no! a.aila,le o( )u,)ea )y)!e+)1 The)e !a,le) a(e )hon o( ino(+a!ion u(o)e only1

Ta.le 061 TRs de"ined .( US DoD

TR US DoD Des5.oo5 Descri*tion "or hard8are

0 JNot &sedK

& 9a)ic (incile) o,)e(.e/ an/(eo(!e/

$oe)! le.el o !echnology (ea/ine))1 Scien!iic (e)ea(ch ,egin) !o ,e!(an)la!e/ in!o alie/ (e)ea(ch an/ /e.elo+en! R;D81 E<a+le) +igh!

inclu/e ae( )!u/ie) o a !echnology) ,a)ic (oe(!ie)12 Technology conce! an/o(

alica!ion o(+ula!e/In.en!ion ,egin)1 Once ,a)ic (incile) a(e o,)e(.e/ (ac!ical alica!ion)can ,e in.en!e/1 Alica!ion) a(e )ecula!i.e an/ !he(e +ay ,e no (oo o(/e!aile/ analy)i) !o )uo(! !he a))u+!ion)1 E<a+le) a(e li+i!e/ !o analy!ic)!u/ie)1

3 Analy!ical an/ e<e(i+en!alc(i!ical unc!ion an/o(cha(ac!e(i)!ic (oo o conce!1

Ac!i.e R;D i) ini!ia!e/1 Thi) inclu/e) analy!ical )!u/ie) an/ la,o(a!o(y)!u/ie) !o hy)ically .ali/a!e !he analy!ical (e/ic!ion) o )ea(a!e ele+en!)o !he !echnology1 E<a+le) inclu/e co+onen!) !ha! a(e no! ye! in!eg(a!e/ o((e(e)en!a!i.e

Co+onen! an/o( ,(ea/,oa(/.ali/a!ion in a la,o(a!o(yen.i(on+en!

9a)ic !echnological co+onen!) a(e in!eg(a!e/ !o e)!a,li)h !ha! !hey ill o(*!oge!he(1 Thi) i) (ela!i.ely =lo i/eli!y> co+a(e/ i!h !he e.en!ual )y)!e+1E<a+le) inclu/e in!eg(a!ion o =a/ hoc> ha(/a(e in !he la,o(a!o(y1

H Co+onen! an/o( ,(ea/,oa(/.ali/a!ion in a (ele.an!

en.i(on+en!

i/eli!y o ,(ea/,oa(/ !echnology inc(ea)e) )igniican!ly1 The ,a)ic!echnological co+onen!) a(e in!eg(a!e/ i!h (ea)ona,ly (eali)!ic )uo(!ing

ele+en!) )o !hey can ,e !e)!e/ in a )i+ula!e/ en.i(on+en!1 E<a+le) inclu/e=high-i/eli!y> la,o(a!o(y in!eg(a!ion o co+onen!)1

@ Sy)!e+)u,)y)!e+ +o/el o( (o!o!ye /e+on)!(a!ion in a(ele.an! en.i(on+en!

Re(e)en!a!i.e +o/el o( (o!o!ye )y)!e+ hich i) ell ,eyon/ !ha! o TR$H i) !e)!e/ in a (ele.an! en.i(on+en!1 Re(e)en!) a +ao( )!e u in a!echnology) /e+on)!(a!e/ (ea/ine))1 E<a+le) inclu/e !e)!ing a (o!o!ye ina high-i/eli!y la,o(a!o(y en.i(on+en! o( in a )i+ula!e/ oe(a!ionalen.i(on+en!1

Sy)!e+ (o!o!ye /e+on)!(a!ionin an oe(a!ional en.i(on+en!

P(o!o!ye nea( o( a! lanne/ oe(a!ional )y)!e+1 Re(e)en!) a +ao( )!e u(o+ TR$ @ ,y (e6ui(ing /e+on)!(a!ion o an ac!ual )y)!e+ (o!o!ye in anoe(a!ional en.i(on+en! e1g1 in an ai(c(a! in a .ehicle o( in )ace81

G Ac!ual )y)!e+ co+le!e/ an/6ualiie/ !h(ough !e)! an//e+on)!(a!ion

Technology ha) ,een (o.en !o o(* in i!) inal o(+ an/ un/e( e<ec!e/con/i!ion)1 In al+o)! all ca)e) !hi) TR$ (e(e)en!) !he en/ o !(ue )y)!e+/e.elo+en!1 E<a+le) inclu/e /e.elo+en!al !e)! an/ e.alua!ion DT;E8o !he )y)!e+ in i!) in!en/e/ eaon )y)!e+ !o /e!e(+ine i i! +ee!) /e)ign

)eciica!ion)1B Ac!ual )y)!e+ (o.en !h(ough

)ucce))ul +i))ion oe(a!ion)Ac!ual alica!ion o !he !echnology in i!) inal o(+ an/ un/e( +i))ioncon/i!ion) )uch a) !ho)e encoun!e(e/ in oe(a!ional !e)! an/ e.alua!ionOT;E81 E<a+le) inclu/e u)ing !he )y)!e+ un/e( oe(a!ional +i))ioncon/i!ion)1

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Ta.le 06$ TRs de"ined in A!% 1/N

TR A!% 1/N

0 Un*ro7en Conce*t9a)ic R;D ae( conce!

& !ro7en Conce*tP(oo o conce! a) a ae( )!u/y o( R;D e<e(i+en!)

2 =alidated Conce*tE<e(i+en!al (oo o conce! u)ing hy)ical +o/el !e)!)

3 !rotot(*e TestedSy)!e+ unc!ion e(o(+ance an/ (elia,ili!y !e)!e/

En7iron,ent TestedP(e-(o/uc!ion )y)!e+ en.i(on+en! !e)!e/

H S(ste, TestedP(o/uc!ion )y)!e+ in!e(ace !e)!e/

@ S(ste, %nstalledP(o/uc!ion )y)!e+ in)!alle/ an/ !e)!e/

Field !ro7enP(o/uc!ion )y)!e+ iel/ (o.en

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#pp.) @amples of #pplication !age 04

A!!END% C EAM!ES OF A!!%CAT%ON

C1 %ntrod&ction

Thi) aen/i< inclu/e) e<a+le) o !he alica!ion o !he +e!ho/) /e)c(i,e/ in !hi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!iceo( (eal e6ui+en! a) an e<!en/e/ gui/ance4

5 a )u,)ea ,oo)!e( u+ (a+o in)!alle/ on $ueng8

5 6ualiica!ion o a co+onen! !o ,e +a))-(o/uce/ an/ u)e/ in /ie(en! )y)!e+)

5 a )u,)ea +ul!iha)e u+ K.J(ne( Eu(e*a /e+on)!(a!o( o( !he /e.elo+en! (oec!81

C$ A S&.sea 0ooster !&,*@ Fra,o

C$1 %ntrod&ction

-.3.4.4 &'ample

Thi) e<a+le u+ i) )i+ila( !o a u+ hich ha) ,een in oe(a!ion )ince "anua(y &BBG in 330+ a!e( /e!hin !he Sou!h China Sea on !he iel/ !e(+e/ =$ueng>1 The u+ ha) ,een /e)igne/ an/ +anuac!u(e/ ,y (a+oEnginee(ing AS1

-.3.4.3 ,pplied data

The !echnical /a!a u)e/ in !hi) e<a+le i) ,a)e/ on ino(+a!ion gene(ally a.aila,le on !he In!e(ne!1 Thea.aila,le (eal /a!a i) !he(eo(e li+i!e/1 hen )ule+en!a(y /a!a i) nee/e/ o( illu)!(a!ion !he /a!a i) ,a)e/ ona))u+!ion) an/ ,e)! gue))e)1 :ence !hi) e<a+le i) no! (ela!e/ !o !he ac!ual ca)e1

-.3.4.5 The e'ample set in the development time frame

The e<a+le i) a))u+e/ !o ha.e a))e/ a conce! ha)e an/ i) in!o !he /e.elo+en! an/ enginee(ing ha)e1Th(oughou! !he e<a+le /ie(en! )!e) in !hi) ha)e ha.e ocu)e/ on ho !o gi.e !he ,e)! e<a+le) henu)ing !hi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice1

C$$ Technolog( )&ali"ication 0asis >Sec#?

-.3.3.4 6eneral

o( a gene(al a((ange+en! o !he u+ )ee igu(e C-31 The u+ con)i)!) o a(o<i+a!ely &00 i!e+) an/ H00 a(!) e1g1 inclu/ing nu+,e( o ,ol!)81

-.3.3.3 -ontents of the specification

The /a!a an/ /ocu+en!a!ion li)!e/ in Ta,le C-& +u)! ,e +a/e a.aila,le o( !he Technology Qualiica!ionP(oce)) an/ a) !he )eciica!ion o !he )u,)ea ,oo)!e( u+ 6ualiie/ acco(/ing !o !he Reco++en/e/P(ac!ice1

Ta.le C61 A ta.le o" t(*ical re:&ired data "or the di""erent *hases o" o*eration

7ooster pump main technicaldata:

Drawings ethod of operation

ac!)4 lo (a!e4 &30 +3hMa<i+u+ (e))u(e4 22G ,a( P(e))u(e g(a/ien!4 3H ,a( Ma< /e!h4 330 +Se(.ice lie4 yea()Oe(a!ing !e+e(a!u(e4 °C

Me/iu+4 7a) oil a!e( +i<!u(e : le.el4 H-BMa< 7OR4 UMa< :2S4 H +Ma< CO24 FF

Ma< a(!icle )ie4 WWMa< a(!icle (a!e4 %%

Sea(a!e in)!alla!ion Me!ho/Ma<i+u+ loa/)4Ma<i+u+ a.e heigh!)4Ma<i+u+ )ea cu((en!)4Ma<i+u+ lan/ing )ee/4Tool an/ .e))el (e6ui(e+en!)

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The u+ i) !o o(* in an/ con)i)! o !he olloing en.i(on+en!) an/ !echnology a(ea)4

-.3.3.5 -ritical parameters list

The /i+en)ioning loa/) an/ oe(a!ional a(a+e!e() a(e !o ,e inclu/e/ in a li)! !o ,e u)e/ !o chec* !ha! !he)eha.e ,een con)i/e(e/ an/ a//(e))e/ in !he 6ualiica!ion !e)!) an/ !ha! any change !o !he)e a(a+e!e() i)(elec!e/ in !he 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie)1

-.3.3.8 "ualification team

C$' Technolog( Assess,ent >Sec/?

The Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice (oo)e) !o ay) o )u,/i.i/ing !he )y)!e+ ,a)e/ on unc!ion) o( ,a)e/ onha(/a(e co+onen!)1 9o!h !he (oo)e/ +e!ho/) a(e )hon ,elo1 The ,enei! o !he unc!ional a(oach i)!ha! ea(ly in !he o.e(all (oce)) one i/en!iie) ailu(e +o/e) on a unc!ional le.el1

The )u,)ea +ul!iha)e u+ i) co+o)e/ o i!e+) no(+ally oun/ in hy/(oca(,on-(oce))ing u+) ingene(al1 The !echnology no.el!y ca!ego(y i) 3 /ue !o !he olloing4 The u+ !ye i) (ecen!ly u! in u)e in ano.el alica!ion a(ea )u,)ea81

The =no.el> an/ c(i!ical ea!u(e) a(e4

5 :igh (elia,ili!y i) (e6ui(e/1 The(e,y )!an/a(/ co+onen!) (e6ui(e )ecial con)i/e(a!ion)1 5 So+e a(ea) )u,-a))e+,lie)8 o !he u+ /e)ign a(e no! )!an/a(/ i))ue1 5 The +ain!enance hilo)ohy i) no! )!an/a(/ a) o( a !o)i/e alica!ion81

Oe(a!ion S!a(! $oa/)Val.e )!a!u)lo con/i!ion)Poe( con)u+!ion

S!o lanne/8 $oa/)lo /a!aPoe( nee/

Shu!-in oe(a!ion Me/iu+ /a!aShu!-in )hoc*

E+e(gency )hu!/on Poe( lo (oe(!ie)

Va(ia!ion o loa/ lo /a!aMe/iu+Poe(

P(e-in)!alla!ion ull !e+la!e /e)c(i!ionMain!enance hilo)ohy !o!al

In!e(ace Oil an/ lu,(ica!ion

Poe( SealingSecial !ool)Ve))el (e6ui(e+en!)Me/iu+

Ta.le C6$ A list o" technologies and en7iron,ents

$tem Sub)ect

& Su,)ea oe(a!ion) 330 + /e!h in)!alla!ion) an/ (e!(ei.al8

2 Pu+ /e)ign

3 Mul!i ha)e lo

Elec!(ically oe(e/ (o+ !o)i/e) uni! high .ol!age an/ elec!(ical +o!o( /e)ign8H Con!(ol an/ Con/i!ion +oni!o(ing

Ta.le C6' The "ollo8ing tea, is assigned to esta.lish the "ail&re ,odes and "ail&re,echanis, >See C=Ls >not enclosed??

Personnel Sub)ect $tems 9ears e'perience/ &ducation

M()1 $a()en Su,)ea enginee( & &2 Enginee(

M(1 Ol)en P(oce)) enginee( 3 G M1Sc

M()1 :an)en Elec!(ical oe( )y)!e+) &0 D(1Ing

M(1 Pe/e()en Main!enance an/ con/i!ion +oni!o(ing H @ 91Sc

M()1 :al.o()en Ma!e(ial) enginee( 2 &H Me!allu(gi)!

Ta.le C61 A ta.le o" t(*ical re:&ired data "or the di""erent *hases o" o*eration >Contin&ed?

7ooster pump main technicaldata:

Drawings ethod of operation

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5 The u+e/ lui/ i) no! con.en!ional an/ +ay change o.e( !i+e1

Mo)! o !he i!e+) o !he u+) a(e (o.en in !yical en.i(on+en!)1 9u! !he high (elia,ili!y (e6ui(e+en! in)u,)ea alica!ion) hoe.e( lea/) !o !he /eini!ion o !he i!e+) an/ )u,-a))e+,lie) in!o !o ca!ego(ie)4

a8 I!e+) i!h no /e!e(io(a!ing +echani)+) (o.i/e/ !hey a(e (o!ec!e/ again)! co((o)ion an/ ha.e )uicien!)!(eng!h1

,8 I!e+) i!h an oe(a!ing lie go.e(ne/ ,y ea( a!igue e(o)ion changing o (oe(!ie) an/ o!he( /e!e(io(a!ing +echani)+)1

o( -ategory a8 !he /e)ign )!an/a(/ an/ li+i!ing con/i!ion) )hall ,e a//(e))e/1

-ategory b8 (e6ui(e) a(!icula( a!!en!ion /ue !o !he high (elia,ili!y (e6ui(e+en! an/ i) !he(eo(e con)i/e(e/ a)=no.el !echnology> in !he olloing1

The)e ca!ego(y i!e+) a) ell a) a))e+,lie) an/ e(o(+ance) )hall ,e olloe/ u ,y a =Quali!y lan>1

E4a,*les9

The enclosure for the electrical motor:

I!) u(o)e i) !o +ain!ain a (e))u(e ,a((ie( !(an)e( o(ce) (o+ in)!alla!ion !ool in!e(nal a(!) an/ in/uc!iono(ce) (o!ec! an/ !(an)e( hea!1 u(!he( i! )hall *ee !he in!e(nal a(!) in o)i!ion inclu/ing hen /elec!e/1

The)e a(e i!e+) hich can ,e a//(e))e/ in !he 6uali!y lan an/ olloe/ u acco(/ing !o )!an/a(/ u)e/ (oce/u(e)1 The(e,y !he li+i!ing con/i!ion can ,e e)!a,li)he/ ,y ai/ o gene(ally (ecogni)e/ )!an/a(/) an/+a(gin !o a li+i! !ha! can ,e .e(iie/1

The +ain /i+en)ioning an/ +a!e(ial )elec!ion i) !he(e,y go.e(ne/ ,y a (e))u(e .e))el o( )!(uc!u(al )!an/a(/i!h a//i!ion) (o+ a co((o)ion (o!ec!ion )!an/a(/ gal.anic co((o)ion an/ hy/(ogen e+,(i!!le+en! ,yca!ho/ic (o!ec!ion8 an/ (ela!e/ a))u+!ion)1 The (elia,ili!y o !hi) i!e+ can ,e gi.en !he ,e)! (a!ing ca!ego(y&1 The olloing u o !he =6uali!y lan> (e(e)en!) !he unce(!ain!y a(ea o( !hi) co+onen!1

7olts

9ol!) u)e/ o( connec!ing !he +ain co+onen!) can ,e )u,ec! !o !he )a+e (oce/u(e a) a,o.e1 In a//i!ion !he(e6ui(e/ (e!en)ion nee/) !o ,e u)!iie/ an/ a//(e))e/ in !he 6uali!y lan1

9a)e/ on !he a,o.e )c(eening an/ !he i!e+) oun/ c(i!ical in (ega(/ !o (elia,le )e(.ice /u(ing !hei( )e(.ice liecycle !he i!e+) !o ,e con)i/e(e/ +o(e !ho(oughly o( 6ualiica!ion a(e4

a8 I!e+) )u,ec! !o a,(a)i.e ea(4 /yna+ic )eal) ,ea(ing) +a!ing )u(ace)1

,8 I!e+) aec!e/ ,y i+ac! loa/) /u(ing in)!alla!ion1c8 I!e+) )u,ec! !o e(o)ion4 i+elle( )!a!o(1

/8 I!e+) )u,ec! !o a!igue4 ,all an/ (olle( ,ea(ing) )ha!1

e8 I!e+) )u,ec! !o +a!e(ial (oe(!y change) a) unc!ion o !i+e an/ en.i(on+en!4 oly+e( )eal) elec!(icalin)ula!ion

8 I!e+) )u,ec! !o lea*4 +echanic )eal )y)!e+ oly+e( )eal )y)!e+) (e)on)e) !o con/i!ion) cau)e/ ,ye<an)ion) !ole(ance) !e+e(a!u(e (e))u(e lui/) !i+e1

u(!he( eec!) (o+ !he )y)!e+ (e)on)e on each i!e+ an/ !he )y)!e+ (e)on)e) !he+)el.e) !o ,e 6ualiie/4

a8 Pu+ caaci!y a) unc!ion o lui/ !ye1

,8 Mo)! e<!(e+e lui/ con/i!ion) cau)ing i+ac!) e(o)ion ca.i!a!ion co((o)ion1

c8 Mo!o( an/ u+ !e+e(a!u(e a) unc!ion o no(+al an/ e<!(e+e oe(a!ing con/i!ion)1/8 ea( (a!e o )eal) an/ ,ea(ing a) unc!ion o lu,(ica!ion no(+al an/ e<!(e+e 6uali!y1

e8 $ea* (a!e o )eal) /ue !o .i,(a!ion) an/ ea(1

8 Co((o)i.e (o!ec!ion )y)!e+ inclu/ing o))i,le elec!(o+agne!ic eec!) (o+ !he oe(1

g8 Elec!(ical oe( e<!(e+e con/i!ion)1

h8 Sha! un,alance an/ )!(aigh!ne))1

i8 In)!alla!ion an/ (elace+en! con/i!ion) con)i/e(ing +a(ine g(o!h a!e( ,loc*ing clea(ance !ole(ance)cu((en! an/ a.e con/i!ion)1

8 P(o!ec!ion (o+ li*ely )ie) o /(oe/ an/ /(agge/ o,ec!)1

*8 $i*ely oe(a!ional ailu(e)1

l8 $i*ely )en)o( an/ +oni!o(ing ailu(e)1

-omponent and unit system method 0Sec.1212 1

o( (ela!i.ely li+i!e/ )y)!e+) a) !hi) u+ i! +ay ,e (ac!ical !o ini!ially con)i/e( !he in/i.i/ual co+onen!)an/ !hei( ailu(e +o/e)1 A /i)a/.an!age o !hi) a(oach can ,e !ha! co+,ine/ an/ o.e(all ailu(e +o/e) +ay ,e o.e(loo*e/ un!il la!e in !he /e)ign (oce))1

8/20/2019 DNV RP-A203_ 2013.pdf



#pp.) @amples of #pplication !age 1%

Thi) +e!ho/ can ,e ,a)e/ on !he i!e+ li)! (o+ !he gene(al a((ange+en! /(aing o !he u+ +o!o( a))e+,lyan/ a li)! o o))i,le con/i!ion) an/ highe( le.el an/ )y)!e+ ailu(e +o/e) !ha! can ha.e a nega!i.e eec! on!he i!e+)1

The i()! )!e i) !o /i.i/e !he )y)!e+ in!o !he )u,/i.i)ion) e1g14

5 u+ uni! 5 +o!o(

5 lu,(ica!ion )y)!e+ 5 oe( !(an)+i))ion)1

Each )u,/i.i)ion i) /i.i/e/ in!o )u,-co+onen!) Xi!e+) e1g1 i+elle( )ha! ,ea(ing) )eal) an/ Ca)ing e!c1

Each co+onen! ha) i!) ailu(e +o/e) hich i) )hon in Ta,le C-1 Each ailu(e +o/e ha) )e.e(al (oo! cau)e)o( ailu(e +echani)+ !ye) a) i) u(!he( illu)!(a!e/ in !he )a+e !a,le1

unctional system analysis Sec113128

The o,ec!i.e o !he olloing i) !o i/en!iy ailu(e +o/e) !h(ough )u,-)ec!ioning !he )y)!e+ in!o unc!ion) an/)u,-unc!ion) un!il !he unc!ion /een/) on a co+onen!1

The u+) +ain unc!ion can ,e /i.i/e/ in !h(ee4

5 !(an)o(! an/ in)!alla!ion 5 oe(a!ion 5 a,an/on+en!1

The !h(ee unc!ion) a(e u(!he( )u, /i.i/e/ no! e<!en)i.e8 acco(/ing !o Ta,le C-1

Ta.le C6+ F&nctional s&.6sectioning o" the *&,* do8n to "ail&re ,ode and root ca&se A hierarchical n&,.erings(ste, is &sed This is not &sed in the FMECA ta.le@ Ta.le C6#

unction SubfunctionSubfunction/-omponent

Subfunction/ -omponent/ ailure mode/Root cause

-omponent/ailure mode/Root cause

T(an)o(! an/in)!alla!ion &

Sealing &1& Seal e<!e(nal&1&1&

$ea*ing +e/iu+ !oe<!e(nal&1&1&4 I

Sc(a!ch in )ealing )u(ace

a!e( (e))u(e /u(ing in)!alla!ion unol/ing )eal

7ui/e &12Ma!eing &13$oc*ing &1

Oe(a!ion 2 Pu+ +e/iu+21&

P(e))u(i)e+e/iu+21&1&

No /ie(en!ial (e))u(i)a!ion o( (e/uce//ie(en!ial (e))u(i)a!ion21&1&4 I

9(o*en i+elle()8 21&1&4 I a8

(ac!u(ea!igue

#n,alance &

P(e))u(e)u(ge 2

(ac!u(e colli)ion 3

9ea(ing ailu(e 21&1&4 I ,8

9loc*e/ 21&1&4 I c8

Co((o)ione(o)ion 21&1&4 I /8

Re/uce/ (e))u(i)a!ion

21&1&4 II

E(o)ion

Co((o)ionClogging

Scale

Ro!a!ei+elle(21&12

$u,(ica!e ,ea(ing

Cool ,ea(ing

Mo!o( oe(a!e

Con)u+e oe(

T(an)e(e !o(6ue (o++o!o( !o i+elle(

S!(uc!u(al in!eg(i!y

Seal +e/iu+212

In!e(nal )eal2121&

Seal ,e!een )!age)

Seal +o!o(

E<!e(nal )eal21213

ell +e/iu+

Seaa!e( inn

Cooling +e/iu+ ou!

A,an/on+en!

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#pp.) @amples of #pplication !age 1(

C$+ Threat assess,ent >Sec3?

The (an*ing o ailu(e +o/e) i) a (oce)) in )!e)1 #/a!e) +u)! ,e ca((ie/ ou! o( all )!e) in !he o.e(all (oce))1 In !he i()! )!e all ailu(e +o/e) a(e i/en!iie/ an/ !hei( c(i!icali!y i) a))e))e/ ,a)e/ on a) i) i!hou!!a*ing in!o accoun! any +i!iga!ing +ea)u(e) e<ce! no(+al enginee(ing u/ge+en!) o( )!an/a(/ !echnology1

C(i!icali!y a))e))+en! o !he ailu(e +o/e =21&1&4 I> i) )hon in Ta,le C-H1

The ailu(e +o/e) i/en!iie/ a) +e/iu+ an/ high (i)* a(e con)i/e(e/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan1

C$- Technolog( )&ali"ication !lan >Sec?

The olloing o.e(all lan i) i/en!iie/ o( !he 6ualiica!ion1

Fig&re C61

A sche,atic o" the Technolog( )&ali"ication !lan 8ith the headlines o" the *rocesses

A Technology Qualiica!ion Plan i) /e.eloe/ ,a)e/ on e<e(ience) nu+e(ical analy)i) an/ !e)!)concen!(a!ing +o)! eo(!) on !he +ain i!e+) i/en!iie/ in !he (oce)) C121H1

Ta.le C6- A detailed assess,ent o" "ail&re ,ode $119 F% "ro, Ta.le C6+

ailure mode -ause Root cause-onse+uence1

Probability1 2ocal system Total system

No (e))u(i)a!ion21&1&4 I

9(o*en i+elle(21&1&4 I a8

(ac!u(e a!igue#n,alance &

H H

(ac!u(e a!igueP(e))u(e )u(ge 2

H H 2

(ac!u(e colli)ion 3 H H 2

Y The con)e6uence an/ (o,a,ili!y a(e (ange/ (o+ & !o H i!h H ,eing !he +o)! )e.e(e con)e6uence an/ !he highe)! (o,a,ili!y)ee Sec11 o( Ta,le -&81 The)e high (o,a,ili!ie) a(e (ela!e/ !o !hi) e<a+le ,eing in !he /e.elo+en! ha)e an/ !o a))u(e!ha! !hey a(e gi.en a!!en!ion1 I! i) an!icia!e/ !ha! !he high le.el) o con)e6uence an/ (o,a,ili!y ill (e/uce a) !he 6ualiica!ion (oce)) (ocee/)1

Time #@is

7ualification8asis

7ualifica"tion Team

anking of failure modes

7ualification8asis

=ail. mode update

>aintenance Amodifications

=ail. mode update

7ualificationprocess continued/

tests on"going

=ail. mode update

eliability datacollection

eliability

>ile"stone

ManufactureDetail design

8/20/2019 DNV RP-A203_ 2013.pdf



#pp.) @amples of #pplication !age 1$

The +ain (incile) o !he lan a(e e1g14

5 To 6ualiy each ailu(e +o/e )ea(a!ely1 Nu+e(ical analy)i) an/ !he 6uali!y lan can 6ualiy +o)! o !he+1The(e,y accele(a!e/ !e)!) o !he u+ a))e+,ly ill no! ,e u)e/ !o )i+ula!e !he lie!i+e1

5 To e(o(+ e<!en/e/ ac!o(y acce!ance !e)!) hich inclu/e e(o(+ance +ea)u(e+en!) a) ell a)+ea)u(e+en!) o a(a+e!e() !ha! can cau)e /e!e(io(a!ion o i!e+)1 The la!!e( can in )u,+e(ge/ e(o(+ance!e)!) inclu/e lu,(ica!ion !e+e(a!u(e lea* +ea)u(e+en!) lea* (e)on)e on )ha! .i,(a!ion)1

5 Pe(o(+ance !e)! o !he u+ i!h .a(iou) ga)-!o-oil (a!io) an/ .a(ying o !he c(i!ical a(a+e!e()1 5 In)!alla!ion !e)!1

-ost reduction

I! i) a))u+e/ !ha! !he +ain unce(!ain!ie) a(e (ela!e/ !o )o+e i!e+) an/ ailu(e +echani)+) e1g1 elec!(icalcouling in)ula!ion (e)i)!ance in )al! a!e( i+elle( ea( ,y )an/ (o/uc!ion an/ u+ e(o(+ance) a! highga) oil (a!io) an/ )lugging1 The co)! o o))i,le unce(!ain!y (e/uc!ion ,y u(!he( /e!aile/ 6ualiica!ion )houl/!he(eo(e ,e e.alua!e/1

$naccuracies and uncertainties

Each nu+e(ical analy)i) an/ !e)! hich inclu/e) +ea)u(e+en!) o a(a+e!e() )hall inclu/e an e)!i+a!e o !he+agni!u/e o inaccu(acie)1

Test

The a,o.e in/ica!e) !he nee/ o( all !ye) o !e)!) inclu/ing ,a)ic !e)!) (o!o!ye !e)!) an/ ac!o(y acce!ance!e)!)1 The Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) +u)! ,e conclu/e/ ,eo(e inal !e)!) .e(iying !he ac!ualin)!alla!ion an/ o))i,le ilo! alica!ion hich i) (e(e)en!e/ ,y !he ea(lie( +en!ione/ in)!alla!ion1

C$# E4ec&tion o" the Technolog( )&ali"ication !lan >Sec12?

Parameter effects

The c(i!ical a(a+e!e() li)! a) (e.i)i!e/ !o en)u(e !ha! all a(a+e!e() go.e(ning !he c(i!ical ailu(e +o/e) a(einclu/e/1 The olloing a(oach a) u)e/4

Fig&re C6$A "lo8chart sho8ing an a**roach to identi"(ing *ara,eters that are critical "or a "ail&re ,ode

Input:

Type of failure

mechanism

Parameter

dependencies"

stablish

#nalytical tool

available

Bes

Parameter

dependencies

assessments for

feasibility of

analytical model

development

No

!ractical and

=easible

Apply

engineering

judgement/

e@periences for

estimating the

effects form each

parameter.

Establish

analytical model,

and ;ualify it

No

Bes

Establish

parameter

dependencies

Determine the

parameters having

the largest effect onuncertainties and

correlations.

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#pp.) @amples of #pplication !age 1&

Many co+onen!) i!h a )e(.ice lie li+i! a(e )elec!e/ acco(/ing !o )u,-)ulie() 6ualiie/ +e!ho/) o(

)eciie/ con/i!ion)1 The 6uali!y o )uch )elec!ion +e!ho/) .a(ie) (o+ !ye o i!e+) an/ !he )u,-)ulie(1

E4a,*le9

7earings The u+ )elec!e/ a) an e<a+le ha) a )li/ing !h(u)! ,ea(ing ,a)e/ on !il!e/ a/)1 The lu,(ica!ion6uali!y (unning con/i!ion) an/ (e6uency o )!a(! an/ )!o go.e(n i!) lie!i+e1

The lie o ,all an/ (olle( ,ea(ing) can ,e /e!e(+ine/ ,a)e/ on o(+ula) gi.en ,y !he )u,-)ulie( hichinclu/e)4 (+ nu+,e( o cycle) !ye o ,ea(ing con)!an! o( /yna+ic an/ )!a!ic loa/ )en)i!i.i!y align+en!!e+e(a!u(e lu,(ica!ion 6uali!y1 :ence !he +ain a(a+e!e( /een/encie) can ,e e)!a,li)he/1

Seals Seal )ulie() gi.e )elec!ion c(i!e(ia ,u! )el/o+ o(+ula) o( lie e)!i+a!ion1 The(eo(e !hi) (e6ui(e)

eo(! in a))e))+en!1 i!hou! o(+ula) i! i) o))i,le !o e)!a,li)h i+o(!an! a(a+e!e() ,a)e/ on !he )elec!ionc(i!e(ia an/ enginee(ing u/ge+en!1 Thu) unce(!ain!ie) a(e la(ge( !han o( !he ,ea(ing)1

$mpeller wear Ma!e(ial lo)) (a!e) can ,e ,a)e/ on /e.eloe/ o(+ula) an/ e<e(ience he(e )uch a(e

a.aila,le1

Pump performance $i!e(a!u(e an/ e<e(ience e)!a,li)h o(+ula) o( u+ e(o(+ance1 Mul!iha)e (e6ui(e) a(!icula( e<e(ience an/ o(+ula)1

argin ; Standard technology

E)!a,li)he/ )!an/a(/) )eciy /e)ign acce!ance c(i!e(ia hich inclu/e )ae!y +a(gin) again)! co++on

unce(!ain!ie) in +a!e(ial) an/ loa/) e1g1 o( !he enclo)u(e o( !he elec!(ical +o!o(1 olloing u a margin !o!he)e c(i!e(ia !h(oughou! !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) !he(eo(e a))u(e) !ha! !he i!e+ (e+ain) i!h a

(o,a,ili!y o ailu(e /eine/ ,y !he )!an/a(/ i1e1 one +ay ,e u)!iie/ !o u)e (o,a,ili!y cla)) &1

argin ; Technology that re+uires +ualification

&'ample: Thrust bearing ailure type: <ear for sliding bearings 0or a possible roller bearing: fatigue

caused by rotation at load1

A1C121 /eine) no.el !echnology o( !hi) e<a+le an/ hy !he !h(u)! ,ea(ing i) u! in !hi) ca!ego(y1 The!h(u)! ,ea(ing i) o a )li/ing !ye1

I a (olle( o( ,all ,ea(ing !ye ha/ ,een )elec!e/ !he )ie can ,e oun/ in !he ,ea(ing +anuac!u(e() +anual

hich no(+ally ill co+ly i!h ISO 2G24&BB01 Such a +anual can )!a!e !ha! !he /yna+ic loa/ an/ (o!a!ioncaaci!y o !he ,ea(ing i) )eciie/ a) !he B0U coni/ence in!e(.al i1e1 !ha! B0U o a la(ge nu+,e( o ,ea(ing)

)u(.i.e1 u(!he( i! can )!a!e !ha! H0U o !he ,ea(ing) e<e(ience a(o<i+a!ely H !i+e) !hi) )eciie/ (o!a!ional

lie1

A))u+ing !ha! !he ailu(e) ollo a =S!an/a(/ )!a!i)!ical /i)!(i,u!ion> !hen !he acceptance percentile a) ell

a) !he mean time to failure MTT8 can ,e e)!a,li)he/ o( !he (olle( ,ea(ing o( !he in!en/e/ oe(a!ional lie1

A )eciic =+a(gin> i) !he(eo(e no! (ele.an! in !hi) con!e<!1 The +a(gin i) i+lici! gi.en in !he percentile an/MTT1

C$/ !er"or,ance Assess,ent >Sec11?

A))u+ing !ha! each )ea(a!e ailu(e +o/e ill cau)e !he u+ !o )!o o( +alunc!ion !hen !he u+ (elia,ili!y

can ,e /e)c(i,e/ ,y !he )u+ o each o !he (o,a,ili!ie) o( !he ailu(e +o/e) i1e1 ,y !he =gene(ic a(! +e!ho/>19o!h !he )u+ o =+ean !i+e !o ailu(e> an/ !he =loe( coni/ence in!e(.al> )houl/ ,e calcula!e/1

The a))u+!ion a,o.e ill ,e con)e(.a!i.e an/ !o )o+e e<!en! +i)lea/ing1 I! i) +o(e a(o(ia!e !o /i)!ingui)han/ /eal )ea(a!ely i!h4

5 (elia,ili!y (ela!e/ !o ailu(e) cau)e/ ,y in)!alla!ion

5 ailu(e) !ha! ill no! cau)e lo)! o( (e/uce/ u+ e(o(+ance

5 (elia,ili!y o u+ uni! ,a)e/ only on ailu(e +o/e) cau)ing lo)! o( (e/uce/ e(o(+ance1

I! i) a))u+e/ !ha! !he iel/ lie i) H yea()1 A (ea)ona,le =loe( coni/ence le.el> o( !he u+ i) a))u+e/ !o ,e&0U i1e1 !ha! !he u+ e(o(+) a) in!en/e/ i) e)!i+a!e/ i!h B0U (elia,ili!y i!hin !hi) !i+e e(io/ one ou!o &0 ailu(e) i!hin !he e(io/81

A))u+ing u(!he( !ha! only !he &0 +o)! li*ely i!e+ an/ ailu(e +o/e) con!(i,u!e !o !hi) (elia,ili!y an/ !ha! !hecon!(i,u!ion (o+ !he (e)! o !he i!e+) a(e calcula!e/ !o ,e in)igniican!1 The (elia,ili!y e)!i+a!e con)e6uen!ly

)houl/ al)o ,e u)e/ a) a loo in !he ea(ly ha)e o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce))1 Thi) ill acili!a!e aconcen!(a!ion on !he +o)! i+o(!an! i!e+) !ho)e i!h lea)! (elia,ili!y an/ i!h +o)! unce(!ain!ie)1

8/20/2019 DNV RP-A203_ 2013.pdf




Fig&re C6'A cross section o" the *&,*

8/20/2019 DNV RP-A203_ 2013.pdf


DE T NORS K

E VE RI T AS AS

Ta.le C6# Ta.&lated in"or,ation@ FMECA and chec5lists

$nformation for following up by chec!list ,dditional information fo

$D ailure mechanism type / Root cause

Part %o:

R i s ! - a t .

T e c h - a t .

T T /

2 - 2

a r g i n

-omment Source Rev Date ailure ode

Detection

&1& Ma!e(ial a!igue un,alance/ca)e/1

I+elle( M & 9eMo & 2H10G100 C(ac*ing

&12 Ma!e(ial a!igue lui/ ca)e/1 I+elle( M & 9eMo & 2H10G100 C(ac*ing

&13 9(i!!le (ac!u(e #ni/en!iie/ ,o/y

I+elle( M & 9eMo & 2H10G1009(i!!le

(ac!u(e

&1 E(o)ionco((o)ionI+elle( M 2 9eMo & 2H10G100

Ma!e(iallo))

&1H Sy)!e+ ailu(e CloggingI+elle( $ & 9eMo & 2H10G100 9loc*ing

21& In)!alla!ion /a+age Seal Pu+lui/- )ea

M 2 9eMo & 2H10G100 $ea*

212 E<!(u)ion Seal Pu+lui/ ? )ea

M 3 9eMo & 2H10G100 $ea*

213 Ageing Seal Pu+lui/- )ea

$ & 9eMo & 2H10G100 $ea*

31& ea( Dyna+ical )eal M & 9eMo & 2H10G100 $ea*

312 Vi,(a!ionDyna+ical )eal M 2 9eMo & 2H10G100 $ea*

313 $ea* Dyna+ical )eal M & 9eMo & 2H10G100 $ea*

1& a!igue (o!a!ional loa/T(u)! 9ea(ing M 2

2H

H$C$4B0U

9eMo & 2H10G100 C(ac*ing

12 O.e(loa/ )!a!ic T(u)! 9ea(ing M & 9eMo & 2H10G100 C(ac*ing

13 ea( $o)) con!a+ina!iono lu,(ica!ion

T(u)! 9ea(ing M & 9eMo & 2H10G100 C(ac*ing

1 ea( :igh lu,(ica!ion!e+e(a!u(e

T(u)! 9ea(ing M & 9eMo & 2H10G100 C(ac*ing

$egen/4 : :igh (i)* ca!ego(y o.e( &H8

M Me/iu+ (i)* ca!ego(y ,e!een an/ &H8

$ $o (i)* ca!ego(y un/e( 8

8/20/2019 DNV RP-A203_ 2013.pdf




C' )&ali"ication o" Mass6*rod&ced Co,*onents

C'1 %ntrod&ction

So+e ne !ye co+onen!) a(e +a)) (o/uce/ an/ in!en/e/ o( )e(.ice in )e.e(al !ye) o )y)!e+)1 The6ualiica!ion o )uch a co+onen! (e6ui(e) a (a!ional a(oach !o co.e( a (ange o )e(.ice) /ie(en! loa/ ca)e)an/ en.i(on+en!)1

The olloing i) an ou!line o )uch a 6ualiica!ion a(oach1

C'$ The t(*ical *rocess o" a co,*onent :&ali"ication

An e<a+le o co+onen! 6ualiica!ion inclu/e)4

&8 Pe(o(+ a component application review: I/en!iica!ion o all loa/) con)!(ain!) an/ con/i!ion) !ha! +ayha.e an i+ac! on !he co+onen! /u(ing i!) )e(.ice lie1

28 E)!a,li)h a +ualification tactic: I/en!iy !he ,e)! a(oach o( a !ho(ough 6ualiica!ion1

38 Ca((y ou! a component categori=ation: 9a)e/ on !he alica!ion (e.ie an/ a))e))+en!) o u!u(e nee/)ca!ego(ie !he co+onen! in!o )!an/a(/ alica!ion cla))e) o( e<a+le (e))u(e )ie lui/)1

8 Deine a +ualification plan1

H8 E<ecu!e !he +ualification tests1

@8 7ene(a!e a +ualification report 1

I!e+) & !o @ a,o.e co+(i)e !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan Sec1B81

C'' O7erall *lanning thro&gh de7elo*ing *roced&res

The /e.elo+en! an/ 6ualiica!ion o co+onen!) i) an i!e(a!i.e (oce)) in.ol.ing all )!age) (o+ )eciica!ion!o acce!ance1 P(oce/u(e) !o aly /u(ing !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) +u)! !he(eo(e ,e /e.eloe/1

C'+ Re:&ire,ent to doc&,entation

The 6ualiica!ion (oce/u(e) an/ (eo(!) )hall inclu/e !he co+onen! ca!ego(ia!ion /a!a1 E)ecially i+o(!an!

i) !o highligh! any change) !o !he ca!ego(ia!ion a) (e)ul!ing (o+ !he !e)!)1 9eo(e a co+onen! i) a(o.e/o( u)e all !he 6ualiica!ion (eo(!) )hall ,e (e.iee/ an/ a(o.e/1 The (e6ui(e+en!) o( 6ualiica!ion !e)!ing

gi.en he(ein aly ,o!h !o co+any co+onen!) an/ !o )u,-.en/o(L) co+onen!)1 The (e6ui(e+en!) )hall ,e

con)i/e(e/ o( each co+onen! an/ e<ce!ion) highligh!e/ u)ing !he 6ualiica!ion no!iica!ion )y)!e+1

C'- Accelerated testing

Since co+onen! e<ec!e/ )e(.ice lie i) no(+ally long accele(a!e/ lie !e)!ing i) (e6ui(e/1 So+e gui/eline)(ela!e/ !o accele(a!e/ lie !e)!ing )hall ,e /e.eloe/ ,u! i! +u)! ,e e+ha)i)e/ !ha! !he enginee( (e)on)i,leo( !he 6ualiica!ion !e)!ing +u)! (e.ie !he)e on a ca)e-!o-ca)e ,a)i)1 E<ce!ion) )hall hoe.e( ,e/ocu+en!e/ in !he 6ualiica!ion !e)! (oce/u(e an/ (eo(!1

C'# F&ll6scale testing

I! i) /iicul! !o (e/ic! all oe(a!ional con)!(ain!) an/ con/i!ion) o a co+onen! /ue !o a .a(ie!y o alica!ion) an/ )ince )o+e )y)!e+) a(e co+le< an/ a) )uch ha.e no! ye! ,een lanne/ o( /e)igne/1 One ,a)ic

(e6ui(e+en! o( 6ualiica!ion !e)!ing i) !he(eo(e !o !e)! !he co+onen! un/e( con/i!ion) a) clo)e !o !he (eal lie

a) o))i,le an/ (ac!ical hile alying !he /ie(en! accele(a!e/ loa/) in =(eal> )ucce))ion1 A) an e<a+le

a) a(! o 6ualiying a hy/(aulic couling !hi) )houl/ ,e +oun!e/ a) in i!) in!en/e/ lie !o (e.eal any a/.e()e

eec!) (o+ !he loc*ing )y)!e+1

All co+onen!) )hall a) a( a) o))i,le ,e 6ualiie/ again)! )!an/a(/ unc!ional (e6ui(e+en!) co+a!i,le i!h

!he c(i!icali!y o !he co+onen!1

=Te)! !o ailu(e> )houl/ ,e e(o(+e/ hene.e( (ac!ical !o e)!a,li)h !he (eal li+i!a!ion) o !he co+onen!1

C'/ S&,,ar( o" co,*onent testing

The 6ualiica!ion ,a)e/ on co+onen! !e)!ing a) /e)c(i,e/ in !hi) )ec!ion alie) !o )!an/a(/ +a))-(o/uc!) an/

)i+le i!e+) i1e1 hy/(aulic iei!!ing1 All o !he a(!) /e)c(i,e/ a,o.e a(e co.e(e/ in !he Reco++en/e/

P(ac!ice al!hough !hi) ou!line /oe) no! ully co.e( !he e<!en)i.e /e.elo+en! o a Technology Qualiica!ion

9a)i) i/en!iying all !he /ie(en! u)e)1

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C+ A s&.sea ,&lti*hase *&,* 7rner E&re5a

C+1 M&lti*hase *&,*

-.8.4.4 &'ample

Thi) e<a+le ocu)e) on /ie(en! a)ec!) o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce))1 The uni! i) in)!alle/ on !he)ealoo( o( +ul!iha)e a(,i!(a(y +i< o ga) an/ lui/8 u+ing (o+ a hy/(oca(,on (e)e(.oi( /(aine/ !h(ough

)u,)ea ell)1

The u+ i) e6uie/ i!h au<ilia(y co+onen!) an/ )y)!e+) )uch a) a (e))u(e an/ .olu+e co+en)a!ion)y)!e+ a compensator 8 a cooling )y)!e+ il!e() in)!(u+en!a!ion ene!(a!o() e!c1 All co+onen!) a(e+oun!e/ on a )*i/ an/ lace/ in a /e/ica!e/ )u,)ea +o/ule (a+e1

The )elec!e/ e<a+le i) 6ualiica!ion o !he /iah(ag+ in !he co+en)a!o(1 In !hi) ca)e a )!eel ,ello)81

-.8.4.3 Scope of this e'ample

The u(o)e o !he olloing i) !o ou!line !he alica!ion o !he Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice o(4

5 chec* li)! o( Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) 5 ailu(e +o/e an/ +echani)+ i/en!iica!ion o( a li+i!e/ a(ea !he ,ello)8 5 (elia,ili!y /a!a collec!ion o( !he ,ello)1

The la!!e( ocu) on al!e(na!i.e a(oache) i) /een/en! on !he !ye) an/ 6uali!y o !he a.aila,le /ocu+en!a!ion1

C+$ A**lied data

The !echnical /a!a u)e/ i) +ainly ,a)e/ on gene(al ino(+a!ion a.aila,le in han/,oo*) on !he in!e(ne! an/ ,(ochu(e)1

C+' Technolog( )&ali"ication 0asis Chec5 list

The u(o)e o !he chec*li)! i) !o *ee a clea( !(ace o !he a(a+e!e() !o ,e u)e/ o( !he 6ualiica!ion an/inclu/ing o))i,le change)1

The chec*li)! )houl/ inclu/e all a(a+e!e() !ha! /e)c(i,e !he (e6ui(e+en!) o( !he e6ui+en!1 E<a+le) o )uch a(a+e!e() a(e4

5 )eciica!ion) 6uan!iie/8 )uch a)

5 in!en/e/ unc!ion o !he e6ui+en! e1g1 caaci!y 5 lie!i+e e1g1 !a(ge! )e(.ice !i+e nu+,e( o cycle) ,eo(e ailu(e

5 loa/)

5 +echanical 5 !he(+al

5 oe(a!ing con/i!ion)

5 oe(a!ing (e))u(e (ange8

5 !e+e(a!u(e (ange8 5 en.i(on+en!1

Ta,le C-@ illu)!(a!e) a !yical chec*li)! o( !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1

C++ Ran5ing o" "ail&re ,odes

-.8.8.4 Definitions of probability and conse+uence values

The )u,)ea +ul!iha)e u+ +o/ule ha) ,een )u,ec! !o a ailu(e +o/e eec! an/ c(i!icali!y analy)i)MECA8 u)ing !he olloing ca!ego(ie)4

Probability categories:

& $o ailu(e i!hin &0< )e(.ice lie unli*ely

2 Me/iu+ ailu(e i!hin &0< )e(.ice lie o))i,le ,u! unli*ely i!hin )e(.ice lie

3 :igh ailu(e i!hin )e(.ice lie li*ely

Ve(y :igh Se.e(al ailu(e) i!hin )e(.ice lie li*ely

H No! inclu/e/8 (e6uen! ailu(e) i!hin )e(.ice lie li*ely

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-onse+uence categories

o( !he u(o)e o !hi) li+i!e/ /e+on)!(a!ion on !he ,ello) ou( ca!ego(ie) e(e oun/ !o ,e (ac!ical1

-.8.8.3 Determination of ris!

-.8.8.3.4 ailure of modes of concern

The analy)i) )hoe/ !ha! !he unc!ion o !he co+en)a!o( a) c(i!ical o( !he +ain unc!ion) o !he +o/ulean/ !ha! !he unc!ion o a /iah(ag+ loca!e/ in)i/e !he co+en)a!o( oul/ ,e c(i!ical o( !he in!en/e/ unc!ion1

Ta,le C-G )ho) !he (e)ul!) o !he MECA o !he ,ello)1

The con)e6uence o ailu(e o !he ,ello) i) !ha! !he (e))u(e co+en)a!o( canno! e(o(+ i!) in!en/e/ !a)*hich in !u(n can lea/ !o ailu(e o !he u+ )eal an/ ,(ea*/on o !he u+ i1e1 con)e6uence ca!ego(y

.e(y high1The (o,a,ili!y !ha! !he i/en!iie/ /a+age +echani)+) ill occu( an/ ill cau)e ailu(e i!hin !he /eine/)e(.ice lie o !he ,ello) i) ini!ially /e!e(+ine/ !o ,e lo !o +e/iu+ (o,a,ili!y ca!ego(ie) & lo !o 2+e/iu+81 The(e a(e )e.e(al (ou!e) !o go o( o,!aining !he (elia,ili!y /a!a an/ !he unce(!ain!y can ,e (e/uce/!o a((i.e a! an acce!a,le (i)* le.el a) )hon in !he olloing o( !he ,ello)1

-.8.8.3.3 ailure mechanisms of concern

Main ailu(e +echani)+) a(e go.e(ne/ ,y4

5 +a!e(ial a!igue 5 ,uc*ling 5 co((o)ion 5 (e!!ing 5 /eo)i!)1

The ,ello) a(e in gene(al .e(y )en)i!i.e !o /eec!) li*e /en!) )co(e) an/ !o !i)!ing1 :an/ling /u(ing a))e+,lycan cau)e !hi)1 I /eec!) o( !i)!ing e<i)! !he (o,a,ili!y !ha! !hi) ill cau)e ailu(e i!hin !he /e)ign lie!i+eo !he ,ello) ha) ,een u/ge/ !o ,e high ini!ial (o,a,ili!y ca!ego(y 3 high1 A(o(ia!e (oce/u(e) o( han/ling +oun!ing an/ in)ec!ion an/ o( 6ualiica!ion o e()onnel can (e/uce !hi) ca!ego(y1

O!he( +o(e gene(al ,u! i+o(!an! a)ec!) a(e4

5 !he /a+age !ole(ance o !he /e)ign (o,u)!ne))8 5 o))i,le /e.ia!ion) (o+ no+inal con/i!ion) 5 !he +anuac!u(e(L) e<e(ience ,ac*g(oun/ 5 6ualiica!ion eo(! u! in!o !he /e)ign an/ !e)!ing o !he /e)ign 5 !he 6uali!y o )!an/a(/) alie/ in /e)ign an/ +anuac!u(ing1

The)e a(e u(!he( /eal! i!h in !he olloing1

C+- Relia.ilit( data collection

-.8.>.4 Planning

The o,ec!i.e i) !o (o.i/e )uicien! /a!a o goo/ enough 6uali!y o( e.alua!ing !he )y)!e+ (elia,ili!y i!h(ega(/ !o !he +o)! c(i!ical ailu(e +o/e) an/ con)e6uence)1

Da!a collec!ion ill ai+ a! collec!ing !he /a!a !ha! /e)c(i,e !he (o,a,ili!y !ha! a ailu(e +echani)+ ill/e.elo un!il /a+age1 Thi) i+lie) al)o !he ai+ a! (e/ucing !he unce(!ain!y in /a!a o( a! ge!!ing a ,e!!e( un/e()!an/ing o ho unce(!ain !he ac!ual /a!a a(e1

A stepwise approach i) alie/ i!h !he ai+ !o (o.i/e !he nece))a(y an/ )uicien! ,a)i) i!h a +ini+u+ o eo(!)1

-.8.>.3 Technology "ualification 7asis for the -ompensator 7ellows

-.8.>.3.4 Design

The olloing e<a+le ill ocu) on !he ,ello) an/ con)i/e( !he (e)! o !he u+ +o/ule only a) a )e! o ,oun/a(y con/i!ion)1

The /iah(ag+ con)i)!) o a ,ello) )(ing) an en/ la!e i)!on8 an/ gui/ing1

& $o E6ui+en! ailu(e !ha! /oe) no! cau)e (o/uc!ion lo)) - no ollu!ion

2 Me/iu+ E6ui+en! ailu(e !ha! i) no! c(i!ical (eai( can ai! un!il ne<! in!e(.en!ion - no o( +ino( ollu!ion

3 :igh E6ui+en! ailu(e !ha! i) c(i!ical (e6ui(e) con!(olle/ )hu! /on1 P(o/uc!ion lo)) i!hou!e6ui+en! /a+age - no o( +ino( ollu!ion

Ve(y :igh E6ui+en! ailu(e !ha! i) .e(y c(i!ical (e6ui(e) !ha! !he e6ui+en! +u)! ,e (elace/ (o/uc!ion

lo)) o))i,le ollu!ion1H No! inclu/e/8

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The olloing igu(e) a(e coie/ o(+ !he i!en+ann 7+,: ,(ochu(e1 They illu)!(a!e !yical u)e an/ /e)igno ,ello)1

The ,ello) i) +a/e (o+ lie) o Inconel @2H )hee!) o 013 ++ !hic*ne)) hich a(e (olle/ an/ el/e/ !ocylin/e() !ha! i! in!o each o!he( an/ !hen e<an/e/ in!o !he inal co((uga!e/ )hae1

Fig&re C6+A s5etch o" a .ello8 installed in a *ress&re ho&sing@ and the cla,*ing o" the .ello8s to the solid str&ct&re

-.8.>.3.3 %umber of operations

The(e ha) ,een /eine/ a !a(ge! lie!i+e o( !he ,ello) in !e(+) o yea() in )e(.ice an/ !he an!icia!e/ nu+,e( o !yical loa/ cycle) /u(ing !ha! e(io/1 The /e)ign lie!i+e o !he ,ello) in !e(+) o loa/ cycle) i) !en !i+e)!he nu+,e( o ull loa/ cycle) an!icia!e/ /u(ing i!) !a(ge! lie!i+e1 To !ye) o loa/ cycle) ha.e ,een /eine/!he ull )!(o*e cycle an/ !he &0U )!(o*e loa/ cycle1 o( e.e(y ull )!(o*e loa/ cycle one an!icia!e) !ha! 20 loa/cycle) o &0U o ull )!(o*e ill occu(1 Thi) /eini!ion i) con)i/e(e/ !o co.e( ac!ual )!(o*e) i!h (e)ec! !oa!igue lie1

-.8.>.5 atigue The stepwise approach

The )!ei)e a(oach (ela!e/ !o +a!e(ial a!igue /a+age con)i)!) o !he olloing +ain )ou(ce) o /a!a4

&8 Ma!e(ial a!igue )!(eng!h (e(e)en!e/ ,y )!(ain-nu+,e( o cycle) cu(.e) o( )!(e))-nu+,e( o cycle) cu(.e)S-N cu(.e)8 in !hi) ca)e co((ela!e/ i!h one ac!ual !e)!1

28 C(ac* ini!ia!ion1

38 C(ac* g(o!h1

u(!he( i) con)i/e(e/4

8 Da+age !ole(ance1

H8 De.ia!ion) (o+ no+inal con/i!ion)1

The al!e(na!i.e hich /een/) on i!) 6uali!y i) (e(e)en!e/ ,y

@8 S!an/a(/) an/ E<e(ience)1

De)ign acco(/ing !o !he a,o.e i!e+ @ alone coul/ gi.e !he /e)i(e/ (elia,ili!y1 #nce(!ain!ie) i!h (e)ec! !o !he)!an/a(/ coul/ hoe.e( lea/ !o )ea(a!e in.e)!iga!ion) a) in/ica!e/ ,y i!e+ & !o 3 an/ )ule+en!e/ i!h i!e+ an/ H1

The i!e+) a(e u(!he( /e!aile/ in !he olloing4i"eti,e e7al&ation le7el 1

atigue lifetime evaluation based on S% curves:

$ie!i+e e.alua!ion le.el & - a!igue lie!i+e e.alua!ion ,a)e/ on S-N cu(.e)4

S-N cu(.e) a(e u)ually ,a)e/ on /a!a (o+ a!igue !e)! )eci+en) an/ (e(e)en! a )!a!e/ (o,a,ili!y o )eci+en )u(.i.al a! !he )!(ain-(ange an/ nu+,e( o loa/ cycle)1 o( )!(e))e) ,elo !he yiel/ li+i! !he )!(ain-(ange i) (oo(!ional !o !he )!(e))-(ange1 The o,)e(.e/ a!igue lie inclu/e) c(ac* ini!ia!ion c(ac* g(o!h an/inal (ac!u(e o !he )eci+en) hich o!en a(e cylin/(ical (o/) o a /ia+e!e( o @12 ++1 #)e o S-N cu(.e)ha) li+i!a!ion) o( e.alua!ion o a!igue lie!i+e o ac!ual con)!(uc!ion) in a(!icula( i !he geo+e!(y i) .e(y/ie(en! (o+ !ha! o !he !e)! )eci+en) a) !he ca)e i!h !hi) +ul!i-laye( ,ello)1

S-N cu(.e) can ,e u)e/ o( e.alua!ing i !he (o,a,ili!y o a!igue o !he ,ello) i) highe( !han /e)i(e/ un/e(

!he gi.en con/i!ion)1I a!igue lie o !he ,ello) i) inini!e o( !he +o)! )e.e(e )!(ain-(ange encoun!e(e/ in u)e ull )!(o*e8 !he (o,a,ili!y o a!igue ailu(e i) )o lo !ha! !he a!igue e.alua!ion can ,e conclu/e/ a! !hi) le.el1 The e.alua!iono /a+age !ole(an! /e)ign )ee lie!i+e e.alua!ion le.el 8 )!ill ha) !o ,e ca((ie/ ou!1 O!he(i)e !he a!iguee.alua!ion ha) !o ,e con!inue/ ,y e.alua!ing !he (o,a,ili!y o c(ac* ini!ia!ion lie!i+e e.alua!ion le.el 281

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#pp.) @amples of #pplication !age 2%

Detailed e'ample:

S!(e)) an/ )!(ain /a!a o( !he ,ello) a(e no! +a/e a.aila,le1 $ie!i+e calcula!ion ,y u)e o S-N /a!a i) !hu)no! o))i,le1 :oe.e( one (o!o!ye ,ello) ha) ,een !e)!e/ a! ull )!(o*e an/ )u(.i.e/ 20 !i+e) !he /e)ignnu+,e( o ull )!o*e cycle) i!h no in/ica!ion o ailu(e o( a!igue c(ac* ini!ia!ion1 Thi) !e)! (e)ul! can ,e u)e/in a lie!i+e e.alua!ion e1g1 ill +o(e !e)!) ,e (e6ui(e/ !o en)u(e !ha! !he (o,a,ili!y o a!igue ailu(e un/e( /eine/ )e(.ice con/i!ion) i) acce!a,le1

Fig&re C6-S6N c&r7e "or %nconel #$- 8ith test res&lt and design 7al&e

The olloing ino(+a!ion i) a.aila,le4

5 S-N cu(.e o( Inconel @2H in a $og S - $og N o(+a!84

In !he (egion o in!e(e)! !he S-N cu(.e i) o !he o(+

$og N8 $og a - + Z $og S8 he(e

5 The )ca!!e( in !he o,)e(.e/ cycle) !o ailu(e a! a gi.en )!(ain-(ange can ,e /e)c(i,e/ ,y a no(+al /i)!(i,u!ionon !he $og N a<i) an/ !he )!an/a(/ /e.ia!ion o $og N i) $og )1

5 DNV-RP-C203 - a!igue )!(eng!h analy)i) o( +o,ile o)ho(e uni!) - gi.e) !yical .alue) o( $og ) in !he(ange 01&G !o 012H1 o( !he geo+e!(y o !he ,ello) $og ) 012 ill ,e (ele.an!1

5 The (o!o!ye ,ello) ha) ,een !e)!e/ a! 20 !i+e) !he /e)ign nu+,e( o ull )!(o*e cycle) i!h no in/ica!iono ailu(e o( a!igue c(ac* ini!ia!ion1

u(!he(+o(e !he olloing a))u+!ion) a(e +a/e4

5 Te)!) o )eci+en) o Inconel @2H oul/ gi.e a )ca!!e( in !he o,)e(.e/ lie!i+e) )i+ila( !o !ha! o )!eel incleane/ a)-(olle/ con/i!ion i1e1 $og ) 0121

5 Only ull )!(o*e cycle) a) )eciie/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)8 aec! !he a!igue lie1

The S-N cu(.e o( Inconel @2H i) )hon in igu(e C-H i!h nu+,e( o cycle) N a) <-a<i) an/ )!(ain-(ange a)y-a<i)1 The /e)ign nu+,e( o cycle) H00 cycle) i) +a(*e/ i!h an oen !(iangle an/ !he (o!o!ye !e)! (e)ul!i) +a(*e/ i!h a ille/ !(iangle1 Since !he(e i) only one !e)! (e)ul! a.aila,le !he +ean S-N cu(.e i) /(an!h(ough !hi) oin! a) a i()! a))u+!ion1

N !he +ean nu+,e( o cycle) !o ailu(e un/e( )!(ain-(ange S

S )!(ain-(ange

a a con)!an! (ela!ing !o !he +ean S-N cu(.e

+ !he in.e()e )loe o !he S-N cu(.e

(,C%$

(,C%&

(,C%$ (,C%& (,C%0 (,C%1 (,C%2 (,C%4 (,C%5

No. of cycles

S t r ai nr an g e

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#pp.) @amples of #pplication !age 2(

Fig&re C6#!ro.a.ilit( densit( diagra, 8ith og s 2$ and test res&lt at ,ean 7al&e ' og s

To ge! a ,e!!e( ,a)i) o( e.alua!ing i +o(e a!igue !e)!) a(e (e6ui(e/ a))u+e a) )hon in ig1C-@ !ha! !he !e)!(e)ul! i) +uch ,e!!e( !han a.e(age an/ co((e)on/) !o a lie!i+e !h(ee )!an/a(/ /e.ia!ion) ,e!!e( !han !he +eanlie!i+e1 Thi) i) a .e(y con)e(.a!i.e a))u+!ion a) i! i+lie) !ha! !he (o,a,ili!y !ha! !he !e)! (e)ul! i) e.en ,e!!e( !han a))u+e/ a! only 01&3HU1 The +ean lie!i+e i) !hen 2H&2 cycle) $og &0000 $og N [ 3 Z $og )$og N ? 3 Z 012 3181 A) )hon in ig1C-@ !he /e)ign nu+,e( o cycle) i) ell ,elo !h(ee )!an/a(//e.ia!ion) ,elo !he +ean lie!i+e $og N ? 3)8 $og N ? 3 Z $og ) 31 ? 3 Z 012 21G N ? 3) @3& cycle)819a)e/ on !he a,o.e a))u+!ion) !he (o,a,ili!y o ailu(e a! @3& cycle) ill ,e 01&3HU an/ !he (o,a,ili!y o ailu(e a! H00 cycle) ill ,e e.en loe( !han !ha!1

9a)e/ on !he a,o.e (ea)oning an/ !he ac! !ha! !he ,ello) )u(.i.e/ &0000 cycle) i!hou! .i)i,le ailu(e/a+age one can conclu/e !ha! ailu(e o !he ,ello) /ue !o a!igue i) .e(y unli*ely1

G&idance note9

ISO DIS 23B4&BBGE8 D1H13 - Pa(!ial ac!o( /e)ign4 9aye)ian +e!ho/ /e)c(i,e) a +e!ho/ o( calcula!ing !he /e)ign.alue gi.en a /e)i(e/ (o,a,ili!y o ailu(e one o( +o(e !e)! (e)ul!) an/ a *non o( in ca)e o +o(e !e)! (e)ul!)calcula!e/ )!an/a(/ /e.ia!ion1

---e-n-/---o---7-u-i-/-a-n-c-e---n-o-!-e---

6eneral information:

A )i+ila( a(oach can al)o ,e alie/ o( ailu(e +echani)+) /e)c(i,e/ ,y /i)!(i,u!ion unc!ion) .i)uali)e/on g(ah) i!h linea( )cale) o( any !ye o )cale) e1g1 ,y !he W a<i) a) a linea( !i+e )cale an/ nu+,e( o )!an/a(/ /e.ia!ion) i!h linea( (ela!ion1 See =7ui/e !o !he e<(e))ion o unce(!ain!y in +ea)u(e+en! ISO&BBH> hich /eine) =e<e(i+en!al )!an/a(/ /e.ia!ion> =)!> (o+ +ea)u(e+en!) a)4

6* +ea)u(e/ .alue

+ean .alue o +ea)u(e+en!)

n nu+,e( o +ea)u(e+en!)

* +ea)u(e+en! no

o( ino(+a!ion a !yical no(+al /i)!(i,u!ion unc!ion i) )hon in igu(e C-1

%

%,(

%,$

%,&

%,0

(,%%C%$ (,%%C%& (,%%C%0 (,%%C%1No. of cycles

P r o b a

b i l i t y

d en si t y

st2 q k ( ) 1

n 1 ? ------------ q k q ·· ? ( )2

k 1

n

∑

q ··

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#pp.) @amples of #pplication !age 2$

Fig&re C6/General diagra,s sho8ing9 !ro.a.ilit( densit( φ and !ro.a.ilit( Φ as "&nction o" standard de7iations

i"eti,e e7al&ation le7el $

atigue lifetime evaluation based on the probability of crac! initiation:

S-N cu(.e) o( c(ac* ini!ia!ion a(e u)ually no! a.aila,le1 The a(o<i+a!e o)i!ion o )uch cu(.e) can ,e/e(i.e/ (o+ ,a)ic *nole/ge o !he +a!e(ial u)e/ an/ (o+ c(ac* g(o!h /a!a o( !hi) +a!e(ial1

S-N cu(.e) o( c(ac* ini!ia!ion can ,e u)e/ o( e.alua!ion i a!igue c(ac* ini!ia!ion i) (o,a,le un/e( !he gi.en

con/i!ion)1I c(ac* ini!ia!ion i) (o,a,le o( !he +o)! )e.e(e )!(e)) (ange c(ac* g(o!h /ue !o !hi) )!(e)) (ange an/ al)oo!he( (ele.an! )!(e)) (ange) +u)! ,e e.alua!e/1

i"eti,e e7al&ation le7el '

atigue lifetime evaluation based on crac! growth:

I c(ac* ini!ia!ion /u(ing !he !a(ge! lie!i+e ha) !o ,e !a*en in!o accoun! !he (o,a,ili!y o !h(ough c(ac*) ha)!o ,e e.alua!e/1 9o!h !he +o)! )e.e(e )!(e)) (ange an/ o!he( (ele.an! )!(e)) (ange) ha.e !o ,e con)i/e(e/1

#)e o (ac!u(e +echanic) an/ (ela!ion) o !he !ye can calcula!e c(ac* g(o!h

/a/N C ∆K8

he(e

a c(ac* leng!h a! !he +o+en!

N nu+,e( o cycle)

C +a!e(ial con)!an!

∆K cyclic )!(e)) in!en)i!y ac!o( (ange

Se.e(al .e()ion) o )uch (ela!ion)hi) e<i)! !he +o)! ell *non ,eing !he Pa(i) e6ua!ion )ee e1g1 :1 O1 uch)an/ R1 I1 S!ehen) =Me!al a!igue in Enginee(ing> o( o!he( !e<!,oo*) on a!igue1

Thi) allo) calcula!ion o !he (ela!i.e con!(i,u!ion !o c(ac* g(o!h (o+ o!he( loa/ cycle) !han !he +o)! )e.e(eloa/ cycle an/ hen !he !h(e)hol/ o( c(ac* g(o!h i) *non /e!e(+ina!ion o !he c(ac* )ie a! hich c(ac* g(o!h change) (o+ c(ac* ini!ia!ion !o +uch a)!e( a!igue c(ac* g(o!h1

C(ac* g(o!h i) an i+o(!an! a)ec! in /e!e(+ining !he in!e(.al ,e!een in)ec!ion) i1e1 !he )ae e(io/ o oe(a!ion a!e( in)!alla!ion o( in!e(.en!ion in)ec!ion81

i"eti,e e7al&ation le7el + Damage tolerance

$ie!i+e e.alua!ion ha) ,een ca((ie/ ou! o( !he ,ello) in no+inal con/i!ion i1e1 !he geo+e!(y o !he ,ello)!he loa/ )i!ua!ion e!c1 a(e a) gi.en in !he /e)c(i!ion o !he ,ello)1

In a//i!ion !o !hi) !he /a+age !ole(ance o !he /e)ign )houl/ ,e chec*e/1 Thi) +ean) !ha! !he eec! o o))i,lela) (o+ +anuac!u(ing an/ a))e+,ly a(e !o ,e e)!i+a!e/ an/ al)o o))i,le /a+age /u(ing oe(a!ion e1g1o(+a!ion o i!) /ue !o co((o)ion (e!!ing e!c1 !ha! can ac! a) ini!ial c(ac*) o( )!(e))-(ai)e()1

$ie!i+e e.alua!ion le.el H

&valuation of deviations from nominal condition

The a,o.e e.alua!ion i) ,a)e/ on no+inal con/i!ion) i1e1 !ha! !he geo+e!(y o !he ,ello) !he loa/ )i!ua!ione!c1 i) a) a(e a) gi.en in !he /e)c(i!ion o !he ,ello)1 The eec! o o))i,le (ea)ona,ly (o,a,le8 /e.ia!ion)

(o+ !hi) )houl/ al)o ,e chec*e/ e1g1 5 +anuac!u(ing an/ a))e+,ly !ole(ance) inclu/ing /e.ia!ion) (o+ a<i-)y++e!(ic con/i!ion) 5 e<ce))i.e loa/) !ha! can ,e cau)e/ ,y no! !yical oe(a!ing con/i!ion) +alunc!ion e!c1

The la!!e( )hall ,e )eciie/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1

8/20/2019 DNV RP-A203_ 2013.pdf



#pp.) @amples of #pplication !age 2&

Details of e'ample:

The a,(ica!ion (oce)) )houl/ ,e (e.iee/ i!h (ega(/ !o !ole(ance) !o ,e )eciie/1

I! i) *non !ha! loa/ing a ,ello) in !o()ion !i)!ing8 in gene(al (o/uce) e<!(e+ely high )hea( )!(e))e) an/can g(ea!ly (e/uce ,o!h a!igue lie an/ (e))u(e caaci!y1 The +a<i+u+ alloa,le !o()ion +o+en! )houl/!he(eo(e ,e i/en!iie/ an/ chec*e/ !ha! !he o))i,le ac!ual !o(6ue i) ell ,elo1

The /e)ign o !he a<ial ,ello) gui/ance eec!) (o+ o))i,le )(ing) inclu/ing )(ing ,(ea*age8 an/ !he

a))e+,ly (oce/u(e o !he co+en)a!o( )houl/ a//(e)) !he eec! on !he !o(6ue1 The a,o.e i!e+) ill ,e inu!!o !he 6ualiica!ion o !he /e)ign o !he co+en)a!o( an/ !o !he 6ualiica!ion o!he( co+onen!) o !heco+en)a!o(1

i"eti,e e7al&ation le7el #

&valuation of the manufacturer?s data* criteria* calculations* testing* e'perience* standards used

The /e)ign o !he ,ello) can ,e ,a)e/ on a )!an/a(/1 In !hi) con!e<! !he ,ac*g(oun/ o( !he )!an/a(/ i!h(e)ec! !o lie !i+e e)!i+a!e) )houl/ ,e /ocu+en!e/ an/ 6ualiie/1 I no! 6ualiica!ion o !he )!an/a(/) i!h(e)ec! !o !he i+lici! (o,a,ili!y o ailu(e +u)! ,e ca((ie/ ou!1

Details of e'ample:

The +anuac!u(e( o !he ,ello) o( !he co+en)a!o( /e)ign) an/ +anuac!u(e) ,ello) acco(/ing !o !he=E"MA> )!an/a(/ E<an)ion "oin! Manuac!u(e() A))ocia!ion Inc1 &BBG81 Thi) )!an/a(/ )ay) !ha! !he a.e(age

a!igue lie!i+e i) e6ual !o !he o( highe( !han !he /e)ign lie!i+e1 DNV e<e(ience in/ica!e) !ha! !he lie!i+e)o,)e(.e/ in a!igue !e)!) o ,ello) a(e u)ually ell a,o.e !he /e)ign lie!i+e1

The co+en)a!o( ,ello) can al)o /e)igne/ acco(/ing !o a (o(ie!a(y )!an/a(/ /e.eloe/ ,y !he+anuac!u(e(1 Acco(/ing !o !hi) !he ,ello) ha) a calcula!e/ lie!i+e a,o.e !he /e)ign lie!i+e1 The+anuac!u(e( )!a!e) !ha! hi) )!an/a(/ i) accu(a!e an/ +o(e con)e(.a!i.e !han !he E"MA )!an/a(/1 Since no/ocu+en!a!ion on !hi) i) a.aila,le i! i) /iicul! !o e.alua!e ha! !he calcula!e/ lie!i+e i+lie) in !e(+) o (o,a,ili!y o ailu(e e1g1 i !hi) co((e)on/) !o 30U &0U o( )o+e o!he( (o,a,ili!y o ailu(e1

Con)e6uen!ly !he a//i!ional e.alua!ion) gi.en in le.el & i) (e6ui(e/1

-.8.>.8 7uc!ling

9uc*ling o !he ,ello) coul/ cau)e unc!ional ailu(e o !he co+en)a!o( ,y hin/e(ing !he (e6ui(e/ +o!ion o !he ,ello)1 9uc*ling i) no! acce!a,le i!hin !he lie!i+e o !he ,ello)1

Seciica!ion o long lie!i+e) high nu+,e( o cycle)8 can (e)ul! in a ,ello) hich i) highly le<i,le an/coul/ ha.e (e/uce/ )!a,ili!y un/e( (e))u(e1

The E"MA )!an/a(/ al)o a//(e))e) !he )!a,ili!y o !he ,ello) ,y o(+ula) an/ c(i!e(ia1 In !hi) ca)e a gui/e i)u)e/ o( (e.en!ing (a/ial +o!ion an/ !hu) ,uc*ling o !he ,ello)1

The (o,a,ili!y o ailu(e /ue !o in)!a,ili!y i) con)i/e(e/ !o ,e lo1

-.8.>.> -orrosion

Pi!!ing co((o)ion coul/ ,e c(i!ical1 The i!) !ha! can ac! a) )!(e)) (ai)e() an/ o( ini!ial c(ac*)1 a!igue c(ac*) cang(o (o+ )uch i!)1 9ecau)e each ly i) only 013 ++ !hic* co((o)ion i!!ing can ene!(a!e an ou!e( ly o !he ,ello) an/ allo co((o)ion a!!ac* o !he inne( lie) a) ell cau)ing lea*age1

Pi!!ing co((o)ion i) no! acce!a,le i!hin !he lie!i+e o !he ,ello)1 Ma!e(ial )elec!ion an/ con!(ol o !heen.i(on+en! )houl/ ,e u)e/ !o con!(ol !hi) ailu(e +o/e1

Since ,o!h !he )y)!e+ lui/ an/ !he lui/ in !he co+en)a!o( hou)ing ha.e lo co((o)i.i!y !he (o,a,ili!y o co((o)ion a!!ac* on !he ,ello) i) e.alua!e/ a) lo un/e( no(+al oe(a!ing con/i!ion)1

I !he lui/ in !he hou)ing i) ollu!e/ ,y (o/uce/ lui/ !he lui/ ou!)i/e !he ,ello) ill ,eco+e co((o)i.e1Acco(/ing !o e)!a,li)he/ )e(.ice e<e(ience in :2S )e(.ice Inconel @2H ha) (o.en no! )u)ce!i,le !o co((o)ionhen !he )u(ace ha(/ne)) ≤ 3H :RC1 Pi!!ing i) no! (eo(!e/ !o ,e a (o,le+1

The lange +a!e(ial i) co((o)ion (e)i)!an!1 u(!he( gene(al co((o)ion o !he lange i) no! a (o,le+ ,ecau)e o !he !hic*ne))1

-.8.>. retting

(e!!ing coul/ ,e c(i!ical )ince i! can cau)e i!) !ha! can ac! a) )!(e)) (ai)e() an/ o( ini!ial c(ac*)1 a!igue c(ac*)can g(o (o+ )uch i!)1 (e!!ing coul/ occu( ,e!een !he lie) an/ canno! ,e /e!ec!e/ ,y .i)ual in)ec!ion1

(e!!ing i) no! acce!a,le i!hin !he lie!i+e o !he ,ello)1(e!!ing ea( occu() o(+ (eea!e/ )hea( )!(e))e) !ha! a(e gene(a!e/ ,y (ic!ion /u(ing )+all a+li!u/eo)cilla!o(y +o!ion o )li/ing ,e!een !o )u(ace) (e))e/ !oge!he( in in!i+a!e con!ac!1 Su(ace c(ac*) ini!ia!ein !he (e!!ing ea( (egion1 The (ela!i.e )li a+li!u/e i) !yically le)) !han H0 µ +1 (e!!ing ea( inc(ea)e)linea(ly i!h con!ac! loa/1

8/20/2019 DNV RP-A203_ 2013.pdf




The(e )ee+) !o ,e a o))i,ili!y !ha! con/i!ion) !ha! can cau)e (e!!ing ea( +ay e<i)! )o+ehe(e in a +ul!i-laye( ,ello)1 Da!a o( e.alua!ing !hi) a(e no! a.aila,le an/ c(i!e(ia o( (e!!ing ea( a(e .ague1 I! i) no! o))i,le !o a((i.e a! any conclu)ion ,a)e/ on a.aila,le /a!a1

(e!!ing i) no! a//(e))e/ in !he E"MA )!an/a(/1 DNV ha.e no! (eco(/e/ ,ello) ailu(e) /ue !o (e!!ing1

(e!!ing i) +o)! (o,a,ly no! a (o,le+ in ,ello) ,u! !he(e i) )o+e unce(!ain!y a,ou! !hi)1 Thi) )houl/ ,eolloe/ u ,y in)ec!ion) a!e( !e)!1

-.8.>.A ,ccumulation of deposits on/around bellows

Accu+ula!ion o /eo)i!) on o( a(oun/ !he ,ello) can cau)e unc!ional ailu(e o !he co+en)a!o( ,yhin/e(ing !he (e6ui(e/ +o!ion o !he ,ello)1

The eec!) o(+ !he en.i(on+en! +u)! ,e e<a+ine/1 I! i) a))u+e/ !ha! !hi) i) only o conce(n in ca)e a< o( hy/(a!e) can o(+ o( )an/ )e!!le) on !he one )i/e o !he ,ello o( con!a+ina!ion o !he clean lui/ on !he o!he( )i/e1

The(eo(e a )!u/y )houl/ ,e ca((ie/ ou! o( !he u(o)e o /e!e(+ining !ha! !he (i)* o( /eo)i! accu+ula!ion)i) acce!a,ly lo1

-.8.>.B -onclusions

The a,o.e /e+on)!(a!ion )ho) !ha! conclu)ion) (ega(/ing !he (elia,ili!y o co+onen!) i!h (ega(/ !o c(i!ical/a+age +echani)+) can ,e +a/e e.en hen /a!a a(e )a()e o( lac*ing1 The e.alua!ion oin!) !o a(ea) he(e

,e!!e( /a!a i) (e6ui(e/1S!an/a(/) u)e/ o( /e)igning +ay ,e ,a)e/ on (elia,ili!y con)i/e(a!ion) o( on e<e(ience (ega(/ing /e)ign) !ha!ha.e unc!ione/ acce!a,ly in )e(.ice1 I )!an/a(/) a(e /ocu+en!e/ an/ .e(iie/ co+a(ing i!h !he )!an/a(/)can a))e)) !he (elia,ili!y o !he co+onen!)1 I )uch )!an/a(/) a(e (o(ie!a(y o( no! .e(iie/ !hey a(e o le)).alue o( (elia,ili!y a))e))+en!1

Re)ul!) o !e)!) e.en !hough !he nu+,e( o !e)!) i) a( (o+ )!a!i)!ically )igniican! can acili!a!e )uicien! ,ac*g(oun/ o( (elia,ili!y e.alua!ion hen co+,ine/ i!h (ele.an! o!he( /a!a !han !ho)e (o+ !e)!) alone1

C+# Maintenance and ,odi"ications

The co)! o an in!e(.en!ion o !he )u, )ea +ul!iha)e u+ +o/ule i) )o high !ha! un)che/ule/ in!e(.en!ion)+u)! ,e a.oi/e/1 Thi) +ean) !ha! all a(!) o !he +ul!iha)e u+ +o/ule +u)! ha.e a +ini+u+ lie!i+e e6ual!o o( longe( !han !he !i+e ,e!een )che/ule/ in!e(.en!ion)1 The co)! o (elacing a(!) an/ co+onen!) a! !hein!e(.en!ion i) +a(ginal co+a(e/ !o !he co)! o ca((ying ou! !he in!e(.en!ion1 Thi) +ean) !ha! !he u+ +u)!

,e (elace/ i!h a ne o( o.e(haule/ u+ +o/ule1 The o.e(haule/ +o/ule a(!) !ha! a(e )u,ec! !o ea( o( /e!e(io(a!ion ha.e ,een (elace/1 9ecau)e un)che/ule/ in!e(.en!ion i) e<!(e+ely co)!ly i! i) o i+o(!ance !o/e!ec! con/i!ion) !ha! coul/ (e6ui(e in!e(.en!ion ea(ly !o allo !i+e o( lanning1 On !he o!he( han/ al)ein/ica!ion) canno! ,e acce!e/ ,ecau)e o !he co)!)1

9ecau)e !he )u, )ea +ul!iha)e u+ +o/ule i) ne !echnology in !he )en)e !ha! i! ha) no! a (eco(/ o (e.iou))ucce))ul u)e )u,)ea in!e(.en!ion o( (elace+en! i) lanne/ a! (egula( in!e(.al)1 The /e)ign lie!i+e o !he ,ello) i) !he )a+e a) !he !a(ge! in!e(.al ,e!een in!e(.en!ion)1

The analy)i) o !he ,ello) )ho) !ha! !he (o,a,ili!y o( ailu(e i!hin !hi) in!e(.al i) )o lo !ha! no a//i!ionalin)ec!ion o( +ain!enance i) (e6ui(e/ (o.i/e/ !ha! !he ,ello) i) a))e+,le/ co((ec!ly acco(/ing !o !he =(igh!> (oce/u(e) an/ !ha! no in/ica!ion) o /eec!) e(e oun/ a! !he )u,)e6uen! in)ec!ion1

The unc!ion o !he co+en)a!o( coul/ ,e +oni!o(e/ ,y a )y)!e+ !ha! con!inuou)ly +ea)u(e) !he o)i!ion a! !heen/ o !he ,ello)1 Thi) ill al)o )e(.e a) con/i!ion +oni!o(ing o !he ,ello) )ince lac* o +o.e+en! o(

i((egula( +o.e+en! ill )ignal !ha! !he(e i) a (o,le+1 :ighe( )en)i!i.i!y can (o,a,ly ,e achie.e/ ,yco((ela!ing !he +o.e+en! o !he ,ello) i!h o!he( a(a+e!e() )uch a) u+ inle! (e))u(e1

8/20/2019 DNV RP-A203_ 2013.pdf




Ta.le C6/ S*eci"ications "or the s&.sea *&,* ,od&le

Seciica!ion) - Su,)ea Mul!iha)e Pu+ Mo/ule

4. Design life time pump module

De)ign lie u+ +o/ule yea() 2H

De)ign !i+e ,e!een in!e(.en!ion yea() H

De)ign loa/ ull a+li!u/e cycle) o ,ello ,e!eenin!e(.en!ion

Cycle) H00

De)ign loa/ &0U a+li!u/e cycle) o ,ello ,e!eenin!e(.en!ion

Cycle) &0000

3. #perating &nvironment

A+,ien! con/i!ion) ?)!o(age

Mini+u+ ai( !e+e(a!u(e /eg1 C - 20

Ma<i+u+ ai( !e+e(a!u(e /eg1 C [ 0

A+,ien! con/i!ion) ?)u,+e(ge/ !e)!ing

Ma<i+u+ a!e( /e!h + &H

Mini+u+ a!e( !e+e(a!u(e /eg1 C [ &

Ma<i+u+ a!e( !e+e(a!u(e /eg1 C [ 20

A+,ien! con/i!ion) ?a! )u,)ea loca!ion o( oe(a!ion

Ma<i+u+ a!e( /e!h + H00

Mini+u+ a!e( !e+e(a!u(e /eg1 C [ &Ma<i+u+ a!e( !e+e(a!u(e /eg1 C [ &2

In)!alla!ion

a.e heigh! + 2H

Ma<i+u+ lan/ing .eloci!y +) &G

Ma<i+u+ ho(ion!al accele(a!ion g 0H

5. Pumped medium specifications

Ma<i+u+ lui/ !e+e(a!u(e a! ellhea/ /eg1 C GH

:2S con!en! in ga) ha)e + 22

Ca(,on /io<i/e in ell )!(ea+ +ol U 03 ? &3

O<ygen U 0

Aci/i!y : HH - @H

A.e(age )an/ con!en! eigh!8 + 20

Ma<i+u+ )an/ a(!icle )ie ++ WW

>. Pump parameters

De)ign oin!

Suc!ion (e))u(e o( a )eciic alica!ion8 ,a(g 2H

Di)cha(ge (e))u(e o( a )eciic alica!ion8 ,a(g @H

De)ign (e))u(e ,a(g 2H0

:y/(o)!a!ic !e)! (e))u(e ,a(g 2H

Suc!ion !e+e(a!u(e o( a )eciic alica!ion8 /eg1 C 3

7a) lo(a!e A - a+,ien!8 A+3h H@@

$i6ui/ lo(a!e A+3h 3

To!al lo(a!e A+3h B0

7a) .oi/ (ac!ion 01@0

7a) /en)i!y *g+3 &G3$i6ui/ /en)i!y *g+3 B23

To!al /en)i!y *g+3 3GG

Pu+ )ee/ (+ &G00

Pu+ )ha! oe( * &330

Ma<i+u+ oe(a!ing oin!

To!al lo(a!e a! 0 ,a( /ie(en!ial1 (e))u(e A+3h &0@0

Pu+ )ee/ (+ 2000

Pu+ )ha! oe( * &G0

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DE T NORS K

E VE RI T AS AS

Ta.le C63 Chec5list – Fail&re ,echanis, – Data .ase

$D

ailuremechanismtype / Rootcause

&+uipment / part

R i s ! - a t .

T e c h n c a t .

T T /

2 - 2

argin -omment Source

R e v D a t e

ailure ode unction Ris! reducingmeasure

Detect

& 9ello)

&1& In)!a,ili!y ,uc*ling

9ello) $ 2 OK Can ,e aninhe(en! /e)ign (o,le+ a! longlie!i+e)

Manuac!u(e(E"MA)!an/a(/

9ello))!uc* ,loc*e/

Allo i)!on+o.e+en!a)in!en/e/

In!e(nalgui/e i!!e/1

%e) o)i!io)en)o(/u(ingoe(a!i

&12 Accu+ula!iono /eo)i!)/e,(i) ona(oun/ ,ello)

9ello) $ 2 Sea(a!e!a)*

Can occu( i (o/uce/ lui/en!e()co+en)a!o(

9ello))!uc* ,loc*e/(e!a(/e/+o.e+en!

Sa+e a)&1&

Re.ie/e)ign oco+en)a!o(i+ul)e iehea!e(1

In/ica! ,y o))en)o(

&13 o(+a!ion oa< hy/(a!e) on

a(oun/ ,ello)


Can occu( i (o/uce/ lui/en!e()

co+en)a!o(

9ello))!uc* ,loc*e/

(e!a(/e/+o.e+en!

Sa+e a)&1&

A) a,o.e [lu)hing i!h+e!hanol1

In/ica! ,y o))en)o(

uon (e

&1 a!igue 9ello) $ 2 H 9e!!e(/ocu+en!a!ion!han E"MA)!an/a(/(e6ui(e/1P(o,a,il!y oailu(e 02UOK

E"MA ;a!igue lie(e.iee/

Deo(+a!ion/i)in!eg(a!iono ,ello)

Sa+e a)&1&

No! (e6ui(e/i a!igue liecan ,e/ocu+en!e/

In/ica! ,y o))en)o(

&1H Co((o)ion 9ello) $ 2 OK 9e!!e(/ocu+en!a!ion oco((o)ion (oe(!ie) oInconel @2H(e6ui(e/

Inconel @2HOK i )u(aceha(/ne)) ≤ 3H:RC

Di)in!eg(a!iono ,ello)

Sa+e a)&1&

No! (e6ui(e/i co((o)ion (oe(!ie) in (o/uce/lui/ can ,e/ocu+en!e/

In/ica! ,y o))en)o(

&1@ In)!a,ili!y /ue!oo.e((e))u(e

9ello) $ 2 OK Po))i,le /u(ing)e.e(e !(an)ien!)

T(an)ien!)an/ c(i!ical.alue !o ,e/ocu+en!e/

Deo(+a!iono ,ello)

Sa+e a)&1&/

No! (e6ui(e/i !(ani)en!)can ,e *e! ,elo )o+ec(i!ical .alue

In/ica! ,y o))en)o(

2 9ello) 2

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DE T NORS K

E VE RI T AS AS

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A!!END% D COM!UTER SOFTWARE

D1 %ntrod&ction

Thi) )ec!ion /e)c(i,e) !he (oce)) o( Technology Qualiica!ion o co+u!e( )o!a(e ei!he( a) an in/een/en!)y)!e+ o( a) a(! o a la(ge( )y)!e+1 So!a(e +ay ,e (o.i/e/ in +any alica!ion) inclu/ing4

5 co+u!a!ional an/ /a!a (oce))ing )y)!e+) no! con!(olling ha(/a(e 5 )o!a(e !ha! con!(ol) )eciic hy)ical /e.ice) 5 )o!a(e in ne!o(*) lin*ing /e.ice) an/ co+u!a!ional )y)!e+)1

Thi) anne< a//(e))e) Technology Qualiica!ion in all o !ho)e !ye) o alica!ion1

hile !he 6ualiica!ion o ha(/a(e +ay ,e acco+li)he/ on !he ,a)i) o !he /e!aile/ /e)ign !ha! i) (o.i/e/!o !he +anuac!u(e( !he /e!aile/ /e)ign o )o!a(e u)ually i) no! a/e6ua!e o( !hi) u(o)e1 Many e(o(+ancean/ ,eha.iou(al a)ec!) o )o!a(e canno! ,e e.alua!e/ un!il co/e ha) ,een /e.eloe/ an/ e<ecu!e/1

9ecau)e )o!a(e /oe) no! go !h(ough a +anuac!u(ing ha)e he(e u(!he( (o/uc! i+(o.e+en! i) o))i,le8i! i) e))en!ial !ha! )o!a(e 6uali!y an/ !echnology 6ualiica!ion i))ue) ,e a//(e))e/ /u(ing ini!ial )o!a(e/e.elo+en! an/ !e)!ing1 Mo)! o !he lanne/ in.e)!+en! in a ne )o!a(e caa,ili!y i) e<en/e/ in (o/ucing!he i()! coy1

#nli*e )o!a(e !he c(ea!ion o each a//i!ional coy o a ha(/a(e /e.ice (e6ui(e) a )igniican! in.e)!+en! in

+anuac!u(ing !he ne coy1 A//i!ional coie) o !he )o!a(e a(e nea(ly =(ee> al!hough !hey +ay con!ain=,ug)> hich a(e li*ei)e ea)ily (oaga!e/1 So!a(e ,ug) a(e no! /i)co.e(e/ /u(ing )o!a(e=+anuac!u(ing>1

Technology 6ualiica!ion /ie() (o+ !(a/i!ional )o!a(e 6uali!y a))u(ance in !ha! 6ualiica!ion )!(e))e) (i)*)no! u)! (e6ui(e+en!) an/ a!!e+!) !o (o/uce a 6uan!i!a!i.e )!a!e+en! o coni/ence in !he ini)he/ (o/uc!1:oe.e( +any o !he )a+e !echni6ue) a(e u)e/1

The)e (eco++en/a!ion) o( So!a(e Technology Qualiica!ion ,uil/) uon e)!a,li)he/ gui/ance1In!e(na!ional )!an/a(/) /e)c(i,e !he !yical /i+en)ion) o )o!a(e 6uali!y ISOIEC B&2@8 an/ gene(ic)o!a(e /e.elo+en! (oce))e) ISOIEC &22081 The gui/ance in !hi) anne< e+loy) +any o !he *eyconce!) o !ho)e )!an/a(/)1 A1D12 ou!line) !he o.e(all (oce)) o So!a(e Technology Qualiica!ion1 I! a(allel) !he )!e) o !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) /e)c(i,e/ in !he +ain ,o/y o !hi) (eco++en/e/ (ac!ice1 A1D13 /i)cu))e) )o+e )o!a(e-)eciic i))ue) !ha! o!en )u(ace /u(ing So!a(e TechnologyQualiica!ion eo(!)1

D$ Technolog( )&ali"ication !rocess

The So!a(e Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) con)i)!) o )i< )!e) a) /e)c(i,e/ ,elo1 A1D121/i)cu))e) conce! i+(o.e+en! ,a)e/ on !he Technology Qualiica!ion (e)ul!)1

D$1 Technolog( )&ali"ication 0asis

Technology Qualiica!ion a!!e+!) !o )u,)!an!ia!e a Clai+ a,ou! (o.i)ion o unc!ion1 The i()! )!e in6ualiica!ion i) !o /eine !he !echnology )eciica!ion o( ,a)i) o( 6ualiica!ion1 #no(!una!ely )o!a(e(e6ui(e+en!) o!en a(e e+,e//e/ in o!he( )y)!e+) (e6ui(e+en!) (a!he( !han ,eing i/en!iie/ )ea(a!ely1Con)e6uen!ly i! +ay ,e nece))a(y !o con)oli/a!e ino(+a!ion (o+ +any )ou(ce) in o(/e( !o ,uil/ !he )o!a(e!echnology )eciica!ion1 The )o!a(e !echnology )eciica!ion +ay ,e a collec!ion o /a!a (a!he( !han ao(+al /ocu+en!1

Mo)! gui/eline) o( /e.elo+en! o )o!a(e-in!en)i.e )y)!e+) (eco++en/ !ha! a unc!ional alloca!ion o (e6ui(e+en!) !o )o!a(e an/ ha(/a(e co+onen!) ,e /e.eloe/1 I a.aila,le !ha! i) a goo/ )!a(!ing oin! o( !he /e.elo+en! o !he )o!a(e !echnology )eciica!ion1 O!he( o!en!ial )ou(ce) o 6ualiica!ion c(i!e(iainclu/e !he olloing4

5 oe(a!ion) conce! 5 unc!ional (e6ui(e+en!) 5 e(o(+ance (e6ui(e+en!) !h(oughu! CP# u!ilia!ion (e)on)i.ene))8 5 /eini!ion) o in!e(ace) an/ /een/encie) 5 acce!ance c(i!e(ia 5 6uali!y an/ )e(.ice le.el o,ec!i.e) 5 alica,le in/u)!(y )!an/a(/) e1g1 ISO @&H0G o( )ae!y-c(i!ical )y)!e+)81

The !echnology )eciica!ion )houl/ i!e+ie all ea!u(e) caa,ili!ie) an/ 6uali!ie) !ha! aec! !he a,ili!y o !he

)o!a(e !o e(o(+ i!) in!en/e/ unc!ion) eec!i.ely1 The)e a(e !he 6ualiica!ion c(i!e(ia1 Don! a))u+e !ha!!he o(+al (e6ui(e+en!) /ocu+en! /e.eloe/ ,y !he cu)!o+e( o( )ulie( con!ain) all o !hi) ino(+a!ion1 The!echnology )eciica!ion )houl/ inclu/e a unc!ional a(chi!ec!u(e !ha! i) a +aing o 6ualiica!ion c(i!e(ia !ounc!ional co+onen!) o !he )y)!e+1

9ecau)e i! i) (ac!ically i+o))i,le !o e<hau)!i.ely !e)! any )o!a(e o )u,)!an!ial )ie /e.eloe() )houl/

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e+loy a )y)!e+a!ic a(oach !o .e(iica!ion an/ .ali/a!ion !ha! inco(o(a!e) +e!ho/) o!he( !han !e)!ing a)ell1 No! all 6ualiica!ion c(i!e(ia +ay ,e !e)!e/ o( !e)!a,le1 O!he( .e(iica!ion +e!ho/) +ay ,e u)e/ a)/i)cu))e/ ,elo1 Technology 6ualiica!ion (o.i/e) an o.e(all a))e))+en! o i!ne)) o( u(o)e u)ing all o !he a.aila,le an/ a(o(ia!e /a!a1

I! +ay ,e helul !o cla(iy )o+e )o!a(e !e(+inology u)e/ la!e( in !hi) /ocu+en!4

5 ailu(e ? occu() hen !he )o!a(e oe(a!e) in a ay !ha! ail) !o +ee! i!) (e6ui(e+en!) o( e<ec!a!ion)

!he)e a(e i/en!iie/ !h(ough !e)!ing an/ u)age81 5 Deec! ? )o+e!hing in !he co/e o( /ocu+en!a!ion !ha! +u)! ,e change/ in o(/e( !o co((ec! !he ailu(e !he)e

a(e i/en!iie/ !h(ough ee( (e.ie) an/ /e,ugging81 5 P(o,le+ ? a (eo(! o( (eco(/ o one o( +o(e ailu(e) an/o( /eec!)1

The)e !e(+) a(e u)e/ loo)ely in (ac!ice1 P(o,le+ i) !he +o)! gene(al !e(+1

The 6uali!y /i+en)ion) /eine/ in ISOIEC B&2@ o!en a(e a u)eul ay o o(ganiing a )o!a(e !echnology)eciica!ion !o en)u(e !ha! all i+o(!an! )o!a(e 6uali!y a!!(i,u!e) a(e co.e(e/ ,y !he )eciica!ion1

A /e)i(e/ Coni/ence $e.el DNV-RP-D20&8 o( Sae!y In!eg(i!y $e.el IEC @&H0G8 +ay ,e e)!a,li)he/ /u(ing!hi) )!e1 The)e )!an/a(/) /eine ou( le.el) o inc(ea)ing coni/ence an/o( )ae!y1 The TechnologyQualiica!ion eo(! )houl/ /e!e(+ine he!he( o( no! !he nece))a(y le.el o (elia,ili!y an/ o!he( e(o(+ance+ea)u(e) ha) ,een achie.e/ !o +ee! !he )elec!e/ Coni/ence $e.el o( Sae!y In!eg(i!y $e.el1

D$$ Technolog( Assess,entA o(+al Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) i) (eco++en/e/ o( !echnology !ha! i) no! co.e(e/ ,y a )e! o .ali/a!e/ (e6ui(e+en!)1 Thi) )!e /e!e(+ine) !he )coe o !he Technology Qualiica!ion eo(!1 So!a(e ac*age) !ha! a(e u)e/ o( !hei( o(iginal u(o)e in !he in!en/e/ en.i(on+en! i!hou! +o/iica!ion gene(ally/o no! (e6ui(e Technology Qualiica!ion1

Thi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice (o.i/e) a gene(al algo(i!h+ o( a))e))ing !echnology1 The olloing(eco++en/a!ion) a(e (o.i/e/ )eciically o( )o!a(e ele+en!)1 Ne )o!a(e )hall ,e ca!ego(ie/ a) =no.elo( un(o.en> )ee Ta,le in Sec118 !o /e!e(+ine !he nee/ o( 6ualiica!ion1 Ra!e )u,)!an!ially +o/iie/)o!a(e a) =li+i!e/ iel/ hi)!o(y> in !he )a+e !a,le1 Each )o!a(e co+onen! )houl/ ,e con)i/e(e/ )ea(a!ely1Thu) )o+e )o!a(e co+onen!) +ay (e6ui(e 6ualiica!ion hile o!he() /o no!1

Technology Qualiica!ion +ay ,egin i!h )o!a(e /e)ign ino(+a!ion1 :oe.e( +any i+o(!an! a)ec!) o )o!a(e ,eha.iou( ill no! ,e *non un!il )o!a(e co/e ha) ,een /e.eloe/ an/ !e)!e/1 A) /i)cu))e/ inA1D131H one o( ,o!h o !he /e)ign an/ )ou(ce co/e +ay no! ,e a.aila,le o( COTS an/ legacy )o!a(e1Qualiica!ion o( !he)e co+onen!) ill ha.e !o ,e ,a)e/ on !he ,eha.iou( o !he )o!a(e o,)e(.e/ /u(ing!e)!ing1

D$' Threat Assess,ent

Once !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i) ha) ,een c(ea!e/ (i)*) !o achie.ing !he 6ualiica!ion c(i!e(ia )houl/ ,e i/en!iie/1 Thi) can ,e acco+li)he/ ,y co+,ining a )y)!e+-le.el (i)* analy)i) i!h MECA) o( )elec!e/)o!a(e co+onen!) a) a(o(ia!e1 Ri)* analy)i) ac!i.i!ie) hel !o ocu) !he .e(iica!ion an/ .ali/a!ionac!i.i!ie) o !he !echnology 6ualiica!ion !ea+1 The 6ualiica!ion !ea+ inclu/e) acili!a!o() .en/o() an/cu)!o+e( e()onnel con!(i,u!ing !o !he 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!y18

The )y)!e+-le.el (i)* analy)i) )houl/ ,e con/uc!e/ u)ing !he DNV analy)i) +e!ho/ an/ )uo(!ing !ool) e1g1Ea)y Ri)* Manage(81 The i()! )!e) a(e !o /e.elo a (i)* !a<ono+y a) ell a) c(i!e(ia o( (a!ing !he (o,a,ili!yan/ con)e6uence o (i)* i!e+)1 The unc!ional a(chi!ec!u(e o(+) one /i+en)ion o !he (i)* !a<ono+y1 The)y)!e+-le.el (i)* analy)i) )houl/ a//(e)) a ,(oa/ (ange o o))i,le o,)!acle) an/ (i)*) a))ocia!e/ i!h !he!echnology inclu/ing (oce))e) e()onnel in(a)!(uc!u(e an/ (egula!o(y conce(n)1 I! )houl/ no! ,e li+i!e/ !o!he )coe o !he )o!a(e1 Ea)y Ri)* Manage( (o.i/e) goo/ )uo(! o( ca!u(ing an/ !(ac*ing !he (e)ul!) o !he (i)* analy)i)1

So!a(e MECA) ocu) on in/i.i/ual )o!a(e-con!(olle/ /e.ice) u)ually i/en!iia,le in !he unc!ionala(chi!ec!u(e1 The )y)!e+-le.el (i)* analy)i) +ay i/en!iy )o+e )y)!e+ co+onen!) a) (o,le+a!ic an/ !hu)a(o(ia!e o( u(!he( con)i/e(a!ion in a )o!a(e MECA1 So!a(e )houl/ ,e inclu/e/ in !he MECA o( any )y)!e+ co+onen! he(e )o!a(e can ini!ia!e o( inhi,i! any )ae!y ac!ion e.en i ha(/a(e ,a((ie() aea( !o ,e in/een/en! o !he )o!a(e1 I !he )che/ule allo) in/i.i/ual )o!a(e co+onen!) )houl/ ,e 6ualiie/ ,eo(e !hey a(e in!eg(a!e/ in!o !he )y)!e+1

Th(ea! *eyo(/) +ay ,e helul in (ecogniing o!en!ial (o,le+) /u(ing (i)* analy)i) an/ MECA)1E<a+le) o )uch *eyo(/) o( )o!a(e inclu/e4 (e6ui(e+en!) change) ,ue( o.e(lo +e+o(y lea*)+anual (oce))e) glo,al +e+o(y (eu)e !i+ing con)!(ain!) "a.a Vi)ual 9a)ic ha(/-co/e/ a(a+e!e() an/

aul! !ole(ance1hene.e( !echnology !ha! (e6ui(e) 6ualiica!ion i) i+le+en!e/ in a )y)!e+ !ha! in!eg(a!e) ha(/a(e an/)o!a(e i!h a high (e6ui(e/ le.el o coni/ence !hen DNV-RP-D20& )houl/ ,e alie/ a) ell1 The la(ge)! ,enei!) (e)ul! (o+ alying DNV-RP-D20& ea(ly in !he (oec!1 A ga analy)i) ,a)e/ on DNV-RP-D20&hel) !o i/en!iy ea*ne))e) in !he /e.elo+en! (oce)) !ha! +ay allo /eec!) !o e)cae in!o !he )o!a(e1

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#pp.D )omputer -oftware !age 4%

A//(e))ing !he)e ea*ne))e) hel) !o (e/uce !he (o,a,ili!y o occu((ence o )uch ailu(e) gene(ally no! !heli*elihoo/ o any )eciic ailu(e1 The (i)* analy)i) an/ MECA ac!i.i!ie) !yically ca((ie/ ou! /u(ing6ualiica!ion o )o!a(e i/en!iy )eciic o!en!ial ailu(e) !o ,e +i!iga!e/1 DNV-RP-D20& can ,e alie/ a! (oec! )!a(! o( e<a+le /u(ing .en/o( )elec!ion8 ,eo(e !he (e6ui(e+en!) a(chi!ec!u(e an/ /e)ign/ocu+en!) !ha! a(e nee/e/ o( !he /e!aile/ MECA) in !he Technology Qualiica!ion P(oce)) acco(/ing !o !hi)RP a(e a.aila,le1 Thu) DNV-RP-D20& i) co+le+en!a(y !o !hi) one1

igu(e D-& )ho) !he (ela!ion)hi o !he)e Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice) !o Technology Qualiica!ion1 "u)! DNV-

RP-A203 (o.i/e) (oce)) gui/ance !o !he TQ eo(! DNV-RP-D20& (o.i/e) gui/ance !o !he )o!a(e/e.elo+en! eo(! an/ al)o (o.i/e) ino(+a!ion !o !he TQ !ea+ a,ou! !he .e(iica!ion /a!a li*ely !o ,ea.aila,le1

Fig&re D61DN= Reco,,ended !ractices Related to Technolog( )&ali"ication

D$+ De7elo* Technolog( )&ali"ication !lan

The Technology Qualiica!ion Plan /e)c(i,e) !he /a!a !o ,e collec!e/ an/ analy)e) !o ,e e(o(+e/ !o 6ualiy

!he )o!a(e1 The =+u)! ha.e> )o!a(e (e6ui(e+en!) high (io(i!y (i)*) an/ c(i!ical ailu(e +o/e) i/en!iie/a) /e)c(i,e/ in A1D12138 in/ica!e !he *in/) o /a!a (e6ui(e/ o( !he 6ualiica!ion eo(!1 A(o(ia!e /a!a+u)! ,e collec!e/ !o /e!e(+ine i !he (e6ui(e+en!) a(e )a!i)ie/ (i)*) ha.e ,een +i!iga!e/ an/ ,a((ie() !oailu(e) a(e )ucce))ul1 A So!a(e Technology Qualiica!ion eo(! +ay inco(o(a!e /a!a (o+ +any /ie(en!)ou(ce) i!hin a (oec!1 In a(!icula( 6uali!y a))u(ance .e(iica!ion an/ .ali/a!ion ac!i.i!ie) !ha! (oec!)no(+ally un/e(!a*e can (o.i/e .alua,le /a!a o( 6ualiica!ion1 The Technology Qualiica!ion Plan )houl/i/en!iy !he /a!a !o ,e collec!e/ (o+ !he )o!a(e /e.elo+en! (oce)) a) ell a) !he analy)e) !o ,e e(o(+e/on i!1 The lan )houl/ al)o /e)c(i,e any ac!i.i!ie) nece))a(y !o o,!ain nee/e/ /a!a !ha! i) no! (o/uce/ na!u(allyi!hin !he /e.eloe() (oce))1 The a,ili!y o !he /e.eloe() (oce)) !o (o/uce !he /e)i(e/ /a!a can ,e/e!e(+ine/ .ia a DNV-RP-D20& (oce)) a))e))+en!1 IEC @&H0G Pa(! 3 (eco++en/) .e(iica!ion ac!i.i!ie)o( /ie(ing Sae!y In!eg(i!y $e.el)1

The Technology Qualiica!ion Plan +u)! i/en!iy an a--(o-(ia!e .e(iica!ion an/ .ali/a!ion )!(a!egy o( eachhigh -(io(i!y (e6ui(e+en! (i)* o( ailu(e +o/e1 Qualiica!ion !y-ically in.ol.e) /a!a (o+ !he olloing )ou(ce)4

5 Pee( (e.ie (e)ul!)4

5 nu+,e( o /eec!) oun/ 5 loca!ion an/ !ye o /eec!)1

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5 Te)! e.alua!ion (eo(!)4

5 unc!ionali!y ga) 5 !e)! co.e(age1

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5 Technical e(o(+ance +ea)u(e)4

5 +e+o(y u!ilia!ion 5 (e)on)e !i+e 5 !h(oughu! 5 CP# u!ilia!ion1

The Technology Qualiica!ion Plan )houl/ i/en!iy !he 6ualiica!ion c(i!e(ia /a!a !o ,e collec!e/ an/ analy)e)!o ,e e(o(+e/1 I/eally !he )o!a(e ac6ui(e( an/ /e.eloe( e(o(+ !he)e ac!i.i!ie) an/ +a*e !he /a!aa.aila,le o( !he 6ualiica!ion analy)i)1 I !ha! i) no! !(ue !hen con)i/e( +a*ing !he)e ac!i.i!ie) a(! o !he)o!a(e !echnology 6ualiica!ion eo(!1 Each ac!i.i!y in !he Technology Qualiica!ion Plan )houl/ ,e lin*e/!o a co((e)on/ing (e6ui(e+en! (i)* o( ailu(e +o/e)81

A ,a)eline a))e))+en! o )ulie() (oce))e) )houl/ ,e con/uc!e/ !o i/en!iy !hei( 6uali!y ac!i.i!ie) an/ /a!a!ha! +igh! ,e +a/e a.aila,le o( !he 6ualiica!ion analy)i)1 DNV-RP-D20& (o.i/e) a (a+eo(* o( con/uc!ing )uch an a))e))+en!1 The ,a)eline a))e))+en! )houl/ (o/uce an e.alua!ion o !he eec!i.ene)) o !he )ulie() .e(iica!ion an/ .ali/a!ion ac!i.i!ie) i!h (eco++en/a!ion) o( i+(o.e+en!8 a) ell a) a li)!o /a!a i!e+) !o ,e con)i/e(e/ in !he 6ualiica!ion analy)i)1 Pa(!icula( a!!en!ion )houl/ ,e ai/ !o !he (o,le+!(ac*ing an/ co((ec!i.e ac!ion )y)!e+) in u)e1

P(o,le+ (eo(!ing )y)!e+) a(e an i+o(!an! )ou(ce o ino(+a!ion o( !echnology 6ualiica!ion1 The)e )y)!e+)!(ac* (o,le+) oun/ /u(ing ee( (e.ie) an/ !e)!ing1 De.eloe() (ely on !he)e )y)!e+) !o en)u(e !ha! !he

i/en!iie/ (o,le+) ge! (e)ol.e/ in a !i+ely +anne(1 The !echnology 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!y can u)e !hi)ino(+a!ion !o hel !o /e!e(+ine no ell !he !echnology )eciica!ion i) ,eing )a!i)ie/ an/ !he (oec! 6uali!y!(en/) ? o( e<a+le !h(ough !he u)e o (elia,ili!y +o/el) a) /i)cu))e/ la!e(1 A /e)c(i!ion o each (o,le+o( /eec! )houl/ ,e (eco(/e/ along i!h ino(+a!ion )uch a)4

5 $oca!ion in !he )o!a(e +o/ule8 o( !e)! ca)e he(e !he (o,le+ a) oun/1 5 Se.e(i!y i+ac!8 an/ o( (io(i!y o (o,le+1 5 Tye o( na!u(e o !he (o,le+1 5 S!a!u) o (o,le+ oen in o(* clo)e/81 5 Planne/ i<e/ (elea)e o( /a!e !o ,e /eli.e(e/81

Main!aining !he in!eg(i!y o !he (o,le+ (eo(!ing )y)!e+ i) e))en!ial !o ,o!h !he (oec!) 6uali!y a))u(anceac!i.i!y an/ !he !echnology 6ualiica!ion eo(!1

Sou(ce co/e analy)i) in.ol.e) (oce))ing !he )ou(ce co/e !h(ough a )o!a(e !ool !o i/en!iy o!en!ial (o,le+)an/ 6uali!y i))ue)1 Thi) i) al)o (ee((e/ !o a) )!a!ic co/e analy)i) ,ecau)e !he )o!a(e i) no! ,eing e<ecu!e/ a)i! oul/ ,e /u(ing !e)!ing1 No! all (o,le+) can ,e /e!ec!e/ i!h )!a!ic co/e analy)i)1 The !ye) o (o,le+))ou(ce co/e analy)i) !ool) +ay in/ inclu/e4

5 Con!(ol lo ? un(eacha,le co/e an/ loo) i!h +ul!ile e<i! o( en!(y oin!)1 5 Da!a u)e ? .a(ia,le) u)e/ i!hou! ,eing ini!ialie/ an/ .a(ia,le) /ecla(e/ ,u! ne.e( u)e/1 5 In!e(ace) ? incon)i)!encie) in !he .a(ia,le) a))e/ ,e!een !o (ou!ine) )uch a) inco((ec! nu+,e( o

.a(ia,le) a))e/ o( incon)i)!en! .a(ia,le !ye)1 5 Me+o(y lea*) ? ailu(e !o /e-alloca!e )!o(age a!e( u)e1

O!he( !ye) o e((o() e1g1 +i)!a*e) in algo(i!h+) o( logic canno! ,e /e!ec!e/ ,y )ou(ce co/e analy)i)1 Sou(ceco/e analy)i) al)o gi.e) in)igh! in!o !he )!(uc!u(e an/ o(+a! o !he co/e !ha! +ay hel !o i+(o.e i!)

+ain!aina,ili!y1Many )ou(ce co/e analy)i) !ool) a(e a.aila,le ,o!h (ee an/ co++e(cially1 Ree( !o !hi) e,)i!e4h!!4en1i*ie/ia1o(gi*i$i)!\o\!ool)\o(\)!a!ic\co/e\analy)i)1

So+e a)ec!) o )o!a(e e)ecially algo(i!h+) +ay ,e .e(iie/ !h(ough o(+al +e!ho/)1 The)e a(e !ool) an/!echni6ue) e1g1 F8 !ha! can (o.e !ha! )o!a(e i) co((ec! i!h (e)ec! !o i!) unc!ional (e6ui(e+en!)1 Tyicallyo(+al +e!ho/) a(e e+loye/ ,y !he /e.eloe( no! a) an a!e(-!he-ac! .e(iica!ion !echni6ue1 :oe.e(e.i/ence o !he u)e o o(+al +e!ho/) +ay ,e con)i/e(e/ /u(ing !he !echnology 6ualiica!ion eo(!1 o(+al+e!ho/) gene(ally /o no! a//(e)) e(o(+ance-(ela!e/ (o,le+)1

Technology 6ualiica!ion ocu)e) on !he ne o( inno.a!i.e a)ec!) o a )y)!e+ o( (o/uc!1 The (oec! !ea++ay aly con.en!ional !e)!ing an/ 6uali!y a))u(ance ac!i.i!ie) !o a ,(oa/e( )coe o !he (oec! !han i) (ele.an!!o !he no.el !echnology1 Technology 6ualiica!ion alie) a +o(e (igo(ou) 6uali!y a(oach !o !he no.el!echnologie) i!hin !he )y)!e+1

D$- E4ec&te Technolog( )&ali"ication !lan

Thi) )!e con)i)!) o e<ecu!ing !he lan /e)c(i,e/ in !he (ece/ing )ec!ion1 Change) !o !he lan +ay ,e (e6ui(e/i )o+e o !he lanne/ /a!a canno! ,e o,!aine/1 I/eally !he )o!a(e /e.elo+en! !ea+ e(o(+) !he ac!i.i!ie)nee/e/ !o gene(a!e !he 6ualiica!ion /a!a a) a(! o !hei( no(+al ac!i.i!ie)1

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#pp.D )omputer -oftware !age 4$

D$# !er"or,ance Assess,ent

Thi) )!e in.ol.e) colla!ing (e)ul!) an/ u(!he( analying /a!a collec!e/ !h(ough !he e<ecu!ion o !heTechnology Qualiica!ion Plan1 The (e)ul!) o !hi) )!e a(e /ocu+en!e/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ionReo(!1 :oe.e( )!a!u) (eo(!) )hoing (og(e)) !oa(/) 6ualiica!ion +ay ,e (o.i/e/ a! /eine/+ile)!one)1 A) /i)cu))e/ in A1D1212 6ualiica!ion +ay ,egin i!h )o!a(e /e)ign ,u! inal 6ualiica!ion(e6ui(e) (e)ul!) (o+ )o!a(e !e)!ing1

I/eally !he 6ualiica!ion (eo(! )houl/ ,e /e.eloe/ oin!ly a+ong all !he )!a*ehol/e()1 :oe.e( )o+e!i+e)conce(n) o( (o(ie!a(y /a!a +a*e !ha! i+o))i,le1 The 6ualiica!ion (eo(! )houl/ con!ain !he olloing i!e+)a) a +ini+u+4

5 Qualiica!ion c(i!e(ia !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)84

5 acce!ance c(i!e(ia 5 !echnical e(o(+ance +ea)u(e) 5 6uali!y o,ec!i.e) 5 (i)* analy)i) (e)ul!)1

5 Sou(ce) o 6ualiica!ion /a!a4

5 ac6ui(e(-)ulie/ i!e+) 5 .en/o(-)ulie/ i!e+)

5 6ualiie(-)ulie/ i!e+)1

5 A))e))+en! o )a!i)ac!ion o 6ualiica!ion c(i!e(ia4

5 ga) 5 unce(!ain!ie)1

5 Reco++en/e/ ac!ion)4

5 (i)* +i!iga!ion) 5 co((ec!i.e ac!ion) 5 u(!he( e.alua!ion6ualiica!ion1

5 P(oec!ion) o (elia,ili!y an/ +ain!aina,ili!y in oe(a!ion See A1D1318

5 P(oec!e/ lie!i+e un!il o,)ole)cence See A1D1313 an/ D13181A !ho(ough (e.ie o !he 6ualiica!ion (eo(! ,y all )!a*ehol/e() i) (eco++en/e/ ,eo(e inalia!ion !o en)u(ean accu(a!e in!e((e!a!ion o !he /a!a1

D$/ Conce*t %,*ro7e,ent

A) a (e)ul! o (i)*) i/en!iie/ /u(ing !he !h(ea! a))e))+en! o( (o,le+) an/ un(e)ol.e/ (i)*) i/en!iie/ /u(ing!he Pe(o(+ance A))e))+en! i+(o.e+en!) !o !he )o!a(e /e)ign an/ i+le+en!a!ion +ay ,e nee/e/1 Du(ing!he Conce! I+(o.e+en! )!e !he)e i))ue) a(e co++unica!e/ !o !he )o!a(e /e.eloe()1 The TechnologyQualiica!ion !ea+ +ay colla,o(a!e i!h !he )o!a(e /e.eloe() in /eining co((ec!i.e ac!ion)1 Deen/ing on!he na!u(e o !he i))ue) an/ co((ec!i.e ac!ion )o+e 6ualiica!ion )!e) +ay nee/ !o ,e (eea!e/

D' S*ecial To*ics

Thi) )ec!ion i/en!iie) )o+e o !he )o!a(e-)eciic conce(n) !ha! )houl/ ,e con)i/e(e/ in a So!a(e

Technology Qualiica!ion eo(!1 The)e conce(n) +ay no! all ,e i+o(!an! in e.e(y )i!ua!ion1

D'1 Maintenance and Modi"ication E""ects

So!a(e Technology Qualiica!ion +ay ,e con/uc!e/ /u(ing ini!ial )y)!e+ /e.elo+en! o( la!e( /u(ingoe(a!ion) hen !echnology i) in!(o/uce/ in!o a )y)!e+1 Rega(/le)) o hen con/uc!e/ !he 6ualiica!ionac!i.i!y )houl/ con)i/e( !he +ain!enance an/ +o/iica!ion o )o!a(e /u(ing oe(a!ion)1 So!a(e )houl/ ,e/e)igne/ o( +ain!aina,ili!y1 So!a(e change) a(i)e (o+ +any )ou(ce)4

5 lanne/ enhance+en!) !o unc!ionali!y 5 i<e) !o co((ec! (o,le+) 5 u/a!e) !o oe(a!ing )y)!e+) /a!a,a)e) an/ o!he( ac*age) inco(o(a!e/ in!o !he )y)!e+1

Managing change) eicien!ly an/ eec!i.ely i) e))en!ial !o +anage )y)!e+ a.aila,ili!y /u(ing oe(a!ion)1Tyical +ain!enance-(ela!e/ 6ualiica!ion c(i!e(ia inclu/e !he olloing4

5 :o /iicul! i) !he )o!a(e !o change 5 :o +any la!en! /eec!) a(e li*ely !o ,e (e)en! in !he )o!a(e 5 Doe) !he .en/o( ha.e !he (e)ou(ce) an/ co++i!+en! !o +ain!ain !he )o!a(e o(*-o !he /eec! ,ac*log8

!h(ough i!) e<ec!e/ lie

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#pp.D )omputer -oftware !age 4&

5 :o +uch /oe) +ain!enance an/ )uo(! a!e( /eli.e(y co)! 5 A(e !he oe(a!ing )y)!e+) /a!a,a)e) an/ o!he( ac*age) inco(o(a!e/ in !he )y)!e+ )!a,le

Sou(ce co/e analy)i) !ool) +ay ,e an eec!i.e ay !o a))e)) !he /iicul!y o +o/iying !he )o!a(e1 The)e)o!a(e ac*age) (oce)) !he )ou(ce co/e !o +a i!) )!(uc!u(e an/ +ea)u(e i!) co+le<i!y ? *ey ac!o() in+ain!aina,ili!y1 They can al)o hel !o i/en!iy !he i+ac!) o o!en!ial change) !o !he )o!a(e1

Relia,ili!y analy)i) A1D1318 /i)cu))e) !echni6ue) o( e)!i+a!ing !he la!en! /eec!) an/ +oni!o(ing !he

o(*-o o !he /eec! ,ac*log1 Deec! cau)al analy)i) +ay ,e e+loye/ !o hel i/en!iy )y)!e+a!ic ea*ne))in !he )y)!e+ /e)ign a) ell a) /e.elo+en! an/ +ain!enance (oce))e)1 Thi) a(oach hel) (e/uce !he co)!o +ain!enance ,y (e.en!ing a//i!ional /eec!)1

#nli*e ha(/a(e )o!a(e /oe) no! ea( ou!1 Thu) all !he /eec!) an/ o!en!ial ailu(e) !ha! )o!a(e +igh!e<e(ience a(e /eli.e(e/ i!h i! unle)) +o(e a(e a//e/ /u(ing +ain!enance1 Any )o!a(e change !ha! aec!)an i/en!iie/ !h(ea! o( ailu(e +o/e )houl/ ,e (e-.e(iie/ !o en)u(e !ha! !he (i)* i) )!ill han/le/ co((ec!ly1

The a+oun! o +ain!enance (e6ui(e/ ,y )o!a(e /oe) no! nece))a(ily inc(ea)e i!h age1 The /eci)ion !o (e!i(ean/o( (elace )o!a(e !en/) !o ,e /(i.en ,y )ulie( ac!ion) )uch a) +ao( change) !o oe(a!ing )y)!e+)/a!a,a)e) an/ o!he( ac*age) inco(o(a!e/ in !he )y)!e+ inc(ea)e) in !he (ice o +ain!enance )uo(! o( ,y!he nee/ !o a// ne unc!ionali!y !ha! canno! ea)ily ,e acco++o/a!e/ ,y !he e<i)!ing )o!a(e )y)!e+1

D'$ Fa&lt tolerance

aul! !ole(ance i) !he a,ili!y o a )y)!e+ !o con!inue oe(a!ing in !he (e)ence o aul!) o( ailu(e)1 The le.el o

aul! !ole(ance achie.e/ in a )y)!e+ u)ually /een/) on !he )y)!e+ a(chi!ec!u(e1 O!en aul! !ole(ance i)achie.e/ !h(ough (e/un/ancy1 Thi) +ean) ha.ing +ul!ile caa,ili!ie) o( e(o(+ing !he )a+e unc!ion!yically in a(allel1 ISOIEC 20&04200 =Sy)!e+) an/ So!a(e Enginee(ing -- Reco++en/e/ (ac!ice o( a(chi!ec!u(al /e)c(i!ion o )o!a(e-in!en)i.e )y)!e+)> )ugge)!) ho !o /e)c(i,e an a(chi!ec!u(e in a ay !ha!i!) (oe(!ie) )uch a) aul! !ole(ance can ,e e<lo(e/1

So!a(e (e/un/ancy /oe) no! nece))a(ily inc(ea)e aul! !ole(ance1 I !he (e/un/an! )o!a(e uni!) con!ain !he)a+e co/e !hen !he con/i!ion) !ha! cau)e one uni! !o ail a(e li*ely !o cau)e o!he( coie) o !he )a+e )o!a(e!o ail1 So!a(e (e/un/ancy (e6ui(e) in/een/en! /e.elo+en! o !he a(allel )o!a(e uni!)1

o( )o+e alica!ion) aul! !ole(ance +ay ,e achie.e/ ,y +aniula!ing !he inu! /a!a )o !ha! all )o!a(e uni!)a(e (oce))ing )ligh!ly /ie(en! /a!a ? al!hough no! )o /ie(en! a) !o aec! !he ou!co+e1 Thu) /a!a !ha! cau)e)one )o!a(e uni! !o ail +igh! a!e( +aniula!ion8 no! cau)e a a(allel uni! !o ail1

D'' Co,*&ting !lat"or,s

The co+u!ing la!o(+ con)i)!) o !he ha(/a(e an/ oe(a!ing )y)!e+ on hich !he alica!ion )o!a(e ill(un1 A )o!a(e 6ualiica!ion eo(! )houl/ con)i/e( !he )eciic conigu(a!ion o ha(/a(e an/ oe(a!ing)y)!e+ !o ,e u)e/1

Co+u!e() +ay ,e ,a)e/ on gene(al u(o)e (oce))o() e1g1 In!el8 o( )ecialie/ (oce))o() e1g1 .i/eo (og(a++a,le logical con!(olle()81 Tu(no.e( in )ecial u(o)e (oce))o() i) (e6uen! )o !he !echnology6ualiica!ion eo(! )houl/ con)i/e( !he li*elihoo/ o !he con!inue/ a.aila,ili!y o )ecialie/ (oce))o() /u(ing!he in!en/e/ lie o !he )y)!e+1

The !o +o)! co++on oe(a!ing )y)!e+) a(e Mic(o)o! in/o) an/ $inu< oen )ou(ce81 in/o) i)co++only u)e/ on gene(al u(o)e (oce))o() hile $inu< i) co++only u)e/ on )ecialie/ (oce))o() )ucha) co++unica!ion) )e(.e()1

So!a(e +ay o-e(a!e in a ne!o(* en.i(on+en! he(e o!he( /e.ice) )uch a) )en)o() (ou!e() +ul!i-le<e() /a!a)!o(e) an/ -(in!e() a(e connec!e/1 OPC& )-eciica!ion) -(o.i/e gui/ance on in!e(acing /e.ice) in )uch a ne!o(*1&OPC oun/a!ion OPC E<-(e)) In!e(ace S-eciica!ion an/ OPC #niie/ A(chi!ec!u(e S-eciica!ion 200B h!!-41o-coun/a!ion1o(g1

D'+ !rogra,,ing ang&ages

The )o!a(e in/u)!(y ha) /e.eloe/ a i/e .a(ie!y o (og(a++ing language) o!en o( .e(y )eciicalica!ion)1 The a(o(ia!ene)) o !he )elec!e/ (og(a++ing language o( !he in!en/e/ alica!ion )houl/ ,econ)i/e(e/ in !he So!a(e !echnology Qualiica!ion eo(!1 So+e e<a+le) o !yical con)i/e(a!ion) ollo1

P(og(a++e() (i!e source code )!a!e+en!)1 A co+ile( con.e(!) !he)e in!o o,ec! co/e !ha! i) loa/e/ on!o !heco+u!e( an/ e<ecu!e/1 In!e((e!e/ language) a(e no! co+ile/1 The ac!ual )ou(ce )!a!e+en!) a(e /i(ec!lye<ecu!e/ ,y !he in!e((e!e(1 In!e((e!e/ language) !en/ !o ,e )i+le1 Such (og(a+) a(e ea)y !o change1:oe.e( !hey !en/ !o ,e ineicien! in !e(+) o +e+o(y u)e an/ e<ecu!ion )ee/1

So+e language) a(e strongly typed 1 Thi) +ean) !ha! !he (og(a++e( +u)! e<lici!ly /eine each .a(ia,le ,eo(ei! can ,e u)e/1 Thi) (e6ui(e+en! (e.en!) +any co++on (og(a++ing e((o() )uch a) c(ea!ing a ne .a(ia,le

!h(ough +i))elling an/ co((u!ing a .a(ia,le ,y loa/ing !he (ong !ye o /a!a e1g1 (i!ing an alha,e!iccha(ac!e( in!o a nu+e(ic .a(ia,le81

Co+ile() .a(y in !e(+) o !he 6uali!y an/ eiciency o !he o,ec! co/e !hey (o/uce1 Co+ile() +ay in!(o/uce/eec!) in !he cou()e o (oce))ing )ou(ce co/e1 Thi) i) +o)! co++on i!h co+ile() /e.eloe/ o( nelanguage) o( con.e(!e/ !o )uo(! ne ha(/a(e1

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Ma!u(i!y o !he language an/ co+ile( i) an i+o(!an! con)i/e(a!ion in )o!a(e !echnology 6ualiica!ion1Sulie() o (og(a++ing language) +ay e.en!ually )!o )uo(!ing a language o( a )eciic .e()ion o i!1 Thi)+ean) !ha! a! )o+e oin! language ea!u(e) +ay ail an/ !he )o!a(e ill cea)e !o oe(a!e co((ec!ly i a! all1

D'- COTS and egac( So"t8are

$a(ge )o!a(e )y)!e+) u)ually !a*e a/.an!age o (e.iou)ly /e.eloe/ co/e1 Thi) +ay ,e legacy /e.eloe/ ,y !he !echnology )ulie(8 o( Co++e(cial o !he Shel COTS8 u(cha)e/ (o+ an e<!e(nal )ou(ce e1g1MAT$A981 I !he COTS o( $egacy )o!a(e a(e +a!u(e an/ ,eing u)e/ i!hou! change !hen !hey +ay ,ee<clu/e/ (o+ !he 6ualiica!ion eo(!1 I !hey a(e ,eing +o/iie/ o( a ne alica!ion o( !hey a(e no! +a!u(e!hen !hey )houl/ ,e e.alua!e/ a) a(! o !he 6ualiica!ion eo(!1 O,!aining /e)ign ino(+a!ion an/ )ou(ce co/eo( COTS an/ legacy )o!a(e +ay ,e /iicul!1 I !he)e a(e no! a.aila,le !he 6ualiica!ion eo(! ill /een/on ino(+a!ion o,!aine/ (o+ !e)!ing an/ (io( u)e o !he )o!a(e1

D'# Sec&rit(

Ino(+a!ion )ecu(i!y i) an inc(ea)ing conce(n o( )o!a(e-in!en)i.e )y)!e+)1 T(a/i!ionally i)ola!e/ )y)!e+))uch a) (ig) la!o(+) an/ )hi) (elie/ on hy)ical )ecu(i!y o !he co+u!e() !o (e.en! +aliciou) acce))1:oe.e( a) )ulie() +o.e !oa(/) (e+o!e /iagno)!ic an/ (eai( ac(o)) !he in!e(ne! hy)ical )ecu(i!y i) nolonge( a/e6ua!e1 So!a(e (o!ec!ion) )uch a) i(eall) an/ .i(u) /e!ec!o() )houl/ ,e con)i/e(e/1 Al)o (og(a++ing (ac!ice) e+loye/ in alica!ion an/ oe(a!ing )y)!e+ )o!a(e can ,e i+(o.e/ !o +ini+ie

!he o!en!ial o( ,(ea*-in)1 ISOIEC 2002 i/en!iie) +any (ac!ice) i+o(!an! !o +ain!aining ino(+a!ion)ecu(i!y1

D'/ Relia.ilit( Anal(sis

Tyically (elia,ili!y analy)i) i) conce(ne/ i!h (e/ic!ing !he Mean-Ti+e-!o-ailu(e MTT8 o( P(o,a,ili!yo ailu(e on De+an/ PD8 o a )y)!e+1 Thi) can ,e u)e/ i!h o!he( ino(+a!ion )uch a) !he !i+e (e6ui(e/!o i+le+en! i<e) !o e)!i+a!e !he a.aila,ili!y o a )y)!e+1 #)ually MTT o PD i) +o)! i+o(!an! o( )ae!yc(i!ical )y)!e+)1 A.aila,ili!y +ay ,e +o(e i+o(!an! o( ,u)ine)) c(i!ical )y)!e+)1 The TechnologySeciica!ion )houl/ /eine hich no!ion) o (elia,ili!y a(e +o)! i+o(!an! o( !he )y)!e+ un/e(going6ualiica!ion1

5 MTT Mean-!i+e-!o ailu(e

5 PD P(o,a,ili!y o ailu(e on De+an/

5 $a!en! Deec!) 5 u!u(e 9ac*log

5 A.aila,ili!y1

A) no!e/ (e.iou)ly )o!a(e /oe) no! ea( ou! ? !he cau)e) o i!) ailu(e a(e i+le+en!e/ in !he co/e1 Thu))o!a(e (elia,ili!y analy)i) u)ually inclu/e) (e/ic!ing !he nu+,e( o la!en! un/e!ec!e/8 /eec!) (e)en! in !he)o!a(e1 Once /eec!) ha.e ,een /e!ec!e/ u)e() ill con!inue !o encoun!e( !he+ un!il !hey a(e i<e/1E)!i+a!ing an/ +anaging !he ,ac*log o /eec!) al)o a(e i+o(!an! in +anaging )y)!e+ a.aila,ili!y a) +o)!)o!a(e )y)!e+) (e6ui(e con!inuing +ain!enance1

Relia,ili!y +o/elling !yically in.ol.e) cu(.e i!!ing1 Da!a (o+ ea(ly .e(iica!ion an/ .ali/a!ion ac!i.i!ie) a(eu)e/ !o e)!i+a!e !he a(a+e!e() o a +o/el !ha! !hen i) u)e/ !o (e/ic! u!u(e e(o(+ance in !e(+) o MTT o( /eec! /i)co.e(y1 The loga(i!h+ic Poi))on an/ ei,ull /i)!(i,u!ion) a(e i/ely u)e/ o( )o!a(e (elia,ili!y

analy)i)1Se.e(al ac!o() con!(i,u!e !o !he !en/ency o )o!a(e ailu(e /a!a collec!e/ ac(o)) !he lie cycle8 !o !a*e on aei,ull /i)!(i,u!ion1 The ei,ull +o/el a))u+e) /eec! in)e(!ion an/ /e!ec!ion a(e (oo(!ional !o /e.eloe( an/ !e)!e( eo(!1 P(oec! )!aing !en/) !o inc(ea)e ea(ly in !he (oec! )!ay con)!an! !hen all) o a! !he en/1In)e(!ion o /eec!) !en/) !o occu( ea(ly in !he lie cycle hile /e!ec!ion o /eec!) !en/) !o ,e concen!(a!e/ inla!e( ac!i.i!ie)1 i<ing /eec!) !en/) !o in!(o/uce ne /eec!)1 The ei,ull /i)!(i,u!ion i) cha(ac!e(ie/ ,y !h(ee a(a+e!e()4 )hae loca!ion o cen!(e an/ )cale1 The )cale ac!o( co((e)on/) !o !he !o!al nu+,e( o /eec!) (e)en!1 Thu) i!!ing ea(ly /a!a !o !he ei,ull /i)!(i,u!ion (o/uce) an e)!i+a!e o !he !o!al nu+,e( o /eec!)!o ,e oun/1 Thi) can ,e co+a(e/ i!h !he ac!ual nu+,e( oun/ /u(ing !e)!ing !o a))e)) !he (elia,ili!y o !he/eli.e(e/ )o!a(e1

hen only ailu(e /a!a (o+ !e)!ing a! !he en/ o !he lie-cycle i) con)i/e(e/ !ha! /a!a i) +o(e li*ely !o ollo!he o(+ o a loga(i!h+ic Poi))on /i)!(i,u!ion he(e !he ailu(e (a!e /ec(ea)e) +ono!onically1 hen !e)!ingoccu() !h(oughou! !he lie-cycle a) in inc(e+en!al o( agile /e.elo+en! !he ei,ull +o/el +ay ,e +o(ea(o(ia!e1

API RP &N /e)c(i,e) a /e!aile/ (oce)) Anne< 98 an/ )e.e(al )eciic +e!ho/) o( (elia,ili!y analy)i)Anne< C an/ D81 Mo)! o !he /i)cu))ion ocu)e) on ha(/a(e (elia,ili!y ,u! )o+e o !he )a+e +a!he+a!ical+o/el) aly !o )o!a(e1 IEEE &0@& /i)cu))e) )e.e(al )o!a(e (elia,ili!y +o/el)1

8/20/2019 DNV RP-A203_ 2013.pdf




D+ E4a,*les o" So"t8are Relia.ilit( Anal(sis

igu(e D-2 )ho) an e<a+le he(e /a!a on !he nu+,e( o /eec!) oun/ !h(ough ee* 30 o !e)!ing a) u)e/!o e)!i+a!e !he a(a+e!e() o a ei,ull /i)!(i,u!ion !h(ough ee* GH1 The )coe a(a+e!e( a(ea un/e( !hecu(.e8 in/ica!e/ !ha! H000 /eec!) can ,e e<ec!e/1 Du(ing ee* 30 !h(ough H ac!ual (e)ul!) con!inue !oe<cee/ !he ei,ull (e/ic!ion )ugge)!ing !ha! !he +o/el a(a+e!e() +ay nee/ !o ,e (e-e)!i+a!e/ an/ !ha! !henu+,e( o /eec!) e<cee/) H0001

Fig&re D6$E4a,*le o" Wei.&ll !rediction

I /a!a on /e!ec! (a!e) /eec!) e( uni! o !e)!ing e1g1 eo(! hou()8 i) a.aila,le !hen )o+e .a(ia!ion o !heloga(i!h+ic Poi))on +o/el +ay ,e a ,e!!e( choice1 igu(e D-3 )ho) a )i+le loga(i!h+ic Poi))on +o/el i!!e/!o /a!a on /eec!) e( )!a-/ay o eo(!1 Relia,ili!y can ,e (ea/ (o+ !he cha(! a) !he in.e()e o /eec! (a!e1 Theg(ah can ,e u)e/ !o (e/ic! ho +uch a//i!ional !e)!ing i) nece))a(y !o (each a /e)i(e/ (elia,ili!y le.el1

Fig&re D6'E4a,*le o" !oisson !rediction

!eibull Prediction of Defects

%.%%

$%.%%

0%.%%

2%.%%

5%.%%

(%%.%%

($%.%%

(0%.%%

(2%.%%

(5%.%%

( 1 6 ( &

( 4

$ (

$ 1

$ 6

& &

& 4

0 (

0 1

0 6

1 &

1 4

2 (

2 1

2 6

4 &

4 4

!ee" of #esting

D

e f e c t s $ o u n d p e r ! e e "

?eibull

#ctual Defects

%eliability #rend

%.%%

1.%%

(%.%%

(1.%%

$%.%%

$1.%%

&%.%%

&1.%%

0%.%%

( & 1 4 6 (( (& (1 (4 (6 $( $& $1

!ee" of #esting

D e

f e c t s p e r & a l e n d a r D a y

bserved Defect ate

!oisson =ailure 3ntensity

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#pp. se of *istorical eliability Data !age 42

A!!END% E USE OF H%STOR%CA RE%A0%%TI DATA

E1 E7al&ation o" the :&alit( o" the data.ases

E11 %ntrod&ction

The u(o)e o !hi) Aen/i< i) !o (o.i/e gui/ance on !he u)e o hi)!o(ical (elia,ili!y /a!a hen !ha! i) nee/e/

o( !echnology 6ualiica!ion1E<!(ac!ing an/ alying hi)!o(ical (elia,ili!y /a!a i) no! )!(aigh!o(a(/ e.en hen !he /a!a i) (ele.an! an/ !he!echnology ha) al(ea/y ,een 6ualiie/ o( i) (o.en1 The O)ho(e Relia,ili!y Da!a,a)e OREDA8 i) co++onlyu)e/ in !he o)ho(e in/u)!(y a) !he )ou(ce o( hi)!o(ical /a!a1 Thi) can ,e )a!i)ac!o(y o( o)ho(e e6ui+en!19u! i! i) i+o(!an! !o i/en!iy all a.aila,le /a!a an/ no! e<clu/e /a!a i!hou! e.alua!ion1 9e)i/e) /e/ica!e//a!a,a)e) (ele.an! /a!a can ,e oun/ in (ocee/ing) (o+ cone(ence) o( in !echnical a(!icle) in e(io/ical)1

hen e.alua!ing !he 6uali!y o (elia,ili!y /a!a !he(e a(e !h(ee i+o(!an! ele+en!) !ha! )houl/ ,e con)i/e(e/4

&8 !he 6uali!y o !he /a!a a.aila,le in !he /a!a,a)e E.i/ence an/ A(gu+en!18

28 !he 6uali!y o !he /a!a,a)e i1e1 !he )!(uc!u(e an/ )e!-u A(gu+en!18

38 !he (ele.ance o !he /a!a in !he /a!a,a)e1 Con!e<! an/ Clai+18

E1$ )&alit( o" dataThe /a!a 6uali!y /een/) on +any ac!o() (ela!e/ !o !he /a!a collec!ion (oce))1 I! i) /iicul! o( !he analy)! !oe.alua!e !he 6uali!y o !he /a!a collec!ion (oce)) ,ecau)e !he nece))a(y ino(+a!ion oul/ no! ,e a.aila,le1The ,e)! o!ion +ay ,e !o e.alua!e /a!a 6uali!y ,a)e/ on gene(al )ou(ce) )uch a) 6uali!y an/ .e(iica!ion (eo(!)o( !he /a!a collec!ion (oce))1

E1' )&alit( o" the data.ase

The 6uali!y o !he /a!a,a)e i) (ela!e/ !o i!) con)i)!ency1 I+o(!an! a)ec!) a(e he!he(4

5 The(e i) an una+,iguou) an/ eicien! co/ing )y)!e+1 5 Qualiie/ eole a(e (e)on)i,le o( !he (eco(/ing )!o(ing an/ 6uali!y con!(ol o !he /a!a1

Mo(e /e!ail) on ,e)! (ac!ice) an/ (eco++en/a!ion) o( 6uali!y /a!a,a)e) can ,e oun/ in ISO &221 So+e

.i!al ino(+a!ion !ha! no(+ally +u)! ,e a.aila,le o( !he /a!a,a)e !o ge! a high )co(e high (a!ing acco(/ing !oISO &22 inclu/e)4

5 Sy)!e+ ,oun/a(ie) +u)! ,e /eine/1 o( in)!ance i a u+ i) /(i.en ,y an elec!(ic +o!o( e +u)! *noi +o!o( ailu(e) a(e inclu/e/ in !he u+ ailu(e) o( i !hey a(e oun/ )o+ehe(e el)e in !he /a!a,a)e1

5 ailu(e +o/e) +u)! ,e /eine/ an/ no! o.e(laing1 5 The nu+,e( o ailu(e) an/ !he oe(a!ing an/ calen/a( !i+e +u)! ,e gi.en1 5 I! +u)! ,e )!a!e/ i (eai( !i+e +ean) ac!i.e (eai( !i+e1

So+e a//i!ional ino(+a!ion !ha! ill con!(i,u!e !o a high )co(e i)4

5 De)c(i!ion o )y)!e+ cha(ac!e(i)!ic) li*e /e)ign a(a+e!e()1 5 De)c(i!ion o oe(a!ional con/i!ion)1 5 De)c(i!ion o (e.en!i.e +ain!enance1

5 De)c(i!ion o en.i(on+en!al con/i!ion)1

E1+ Rele7ance o" the data

The (ele.ance o !he /a!a /een/) on ac!o() )uch a)4

5 To ha! e<!en! !he ailu(e /a!a (o+ a .al.e in a nuclea( oe( )!a!ion i) (e(e)en!a!i.e o( a .al.e on ano)ho(e in)!alla!ion1

5 To ha! e<!en! ailu(e /a!a (o+ a co+(e))o( oe(a!e/ )ince &BG0 a(e (e(e)en!a!i.e o( a ne co+(e))o(1 5 To ha! e<!en! ailu(e /a!a (o+ one o)ho(e la!o(+ a(e (e(e)en!a!i.e o( ano!he(1 5 To ha! e<!en! ailu(e /a!a (o+ .al.e) in gene(al a(e (e(e)en!a!i.e o( ,all .al.e)1

The u(o)e o )uch 6ue)!ion) i) !o hel !he analy)! in )elec!ing an/ e.alua!ing !he /a!a,a)e)1 I! i) i+o(!an! !o(ecognie !ha! !he (ele.ance o !he /a!a,a)e /een/) on !he in!en/e/ u)e o !he /a!a1 I !he u(o)e o !he

(elia,ili!y analy)i) i) !o /e!e(+ine !he o!i+al nu+,e( o /ie(en! !ye) o )a(e a(!) !he analy)! nee/)e6ui+en! ino(+a!ion /on !o !he )a(e a(! le.el1 I !he u(o)e i) !o gi.e an o.e(all e)!i+a!e o )y)!e+ e(o(+ance !hi) +ay no! nece))a(ily ,e (e6ui(e/1

The inal e.alua!ion o !he (elia,ili!y /a!a )ou(ce) /een/) on !he in!en/e/ u)e o !he /a!a1 The ino(+a!ion !ha!i) (ele.an! an/ )uicien! o( one analy)i) +ay no! i! o( a +o(e /e!aile/ analy)i)1

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#pp. se of *istorical eliability Data !age 44

E$ E4a,*le o" e4tracting Data "ro, a Data.ase

The !a,le ,elo )ho) )o+e igu(e) o( ga) !u(,ine) (o+ !he OREDA 2002 han/,oo* an/ i) a goo/illu)!(a!ion o !he challenge) !he analy)! ace) hen u)ing !yical /a!a,a)e)1 The e)!i+a!o( o( !he ailu(e (a!ei) !he nu+,e( o c(i!ical ailu(e) /i.i/e/ ,y !he !o!al oe(a!ing !i+e1

A))u+ing !ha! an analy)! e(o(+) a (o/uc!ion a.aila,ili!y )!u/y o a )y)!e+ he(e one co+onen! i) a ga)!u(,ine Ae(o /e(i.a!i.e &H000 *1 So+e o,.iou) can/i/a!e) o( !he ailu(e (a!e a(e4

The (elia,ili!y /a!a /ie() )igniican!ly /een/ing on !he )eciic /a!a)e! )elec!e/1 An i+o(!an! o,)e(.a!ion

a,ou! !he /a!a i) !ha! all g(ou) ha.e a )igniican! nu+,e( o ailu(e)1 The )!a!i)!ical ,ac*g(oun/ o( all !he)e (e/ic!ion) )houl/ !he(eo(e ,e (ea)ona,ly goo/1 The(e i) !he(eo(e li!!le )uo(! /i(ec!ly (o+ !he /a!a,a)e a)!o hich /a!a-)e! )houl/ ,e )elec!e/1 The (eco++en/e/ )olu!ion i) !he(eo(e !o (e)en! !he /a!a !o a g(ou o e<e(!) o( a )y)!e+a!ic e<e(! u/ge+en! an/ e.alua!ion o ha! /a!a oul/ ,e !he +o)! (ele.an! !o u)e hene.alua!ing !he )eciic ga) !u(,ine in 6ue)!ion1

Ta.le E61 Selection o" Gas T&r.ine Data "ro, the OREDA $22$ Hand.oo5

OREDAta'onomy

&+uipment Description ailure rate per 4C hours %umber of failures

&12 7a) !u(,ine) H21HB B&

&121& Ae(o /e(i.a!i.e @G1&G @0

&121&1& - &000 * 3@@1@3 H

&121&12 3000 ? &0000 * 2B10G 20

&121&13 &0000 ? 20000 * &0B1B &@

&121&1 20000 ? 0000 * G@G1H 2B@

&121&1H #n*non 3@2123 HH

&1212 In/u)!(ial 31&2 33

&12121& - &000 * &BB13 &3

&121212 &000 ? 3000 * @&3132 2&

&121213 3000 ? &0000 * 2@01@ &2G&12121 &0000 ? 20000 * &01& G

&12121H 20000 ? 0000 * GBH130 GG

? 7a) !u(,ine) &128 H21HB

? Ae(o /e(i.a!i.e &121&8 @G1&G

? &0000-20000 * &121&138 &0B1B

? Co+,ina!ion &121&13 [ &121218 GHG121

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#pp.= 3ntroduction to -ystems"ngineering #pproaches !age 45

A!!END% F %NTRODUCT%ON TO SISTEMS6ENG%NEER%NG

A!!ROACHES

F1 %ntrod&ction

The +ain a/.an!age) o a )y)!e+) enginee(ing-a(oach !o !echnology 6ualiica!ion a(e !o4

&8 Allo (e(e)en!ing !he (ea)oning u)e/ !o (o.e achie.e+en! o goal) e<lici!ly ,a)e/ on !he e.i/ence (o.i/e/1

28 Allo !hi) (ea)oning !o ,e challenge/ an/ (eine/ a) e<e(ience i!h an/ e.i/ence a,ou! !he !echnology i)o,!aine/1

38 P(o.i/e a (a+eo(* o( elici!ing e<e(! u/g+en!) !ha! a) a( a) o))i,le a.oi/) ,ia)e)1

8 P(o.i/e a +ean) !o a))e)) !he i+ac! o e)!i+a!e/ unce(!ain!ie) on !he (o,a,ili!y o (eaching !he o.e(allgoal1

H8 P(o.i/e a +ean) !o a))e)) !he (e6ui(e/ (e/uc!ion o unce(!ain!ie) in o(/e( !o o,!ain an acce!a,le (o,a,ili!y o (eaching !he o.e(all goal1

@8 De.elo coni/ence (o+ !he a,o.e-+en!ione/ (ea)oning !h(oughou! !he Technology Qualiica!ion

P(oce))1

Sy)!e+) enginee(ing i) an in!e(/i)cilina(y a(oach !o en)u(e !ha! i+o(!an! ino(+a!ion i) )ecu(e/ an/+ain!aine/ !h(oughou! !he liecycle o !he )y)!e+1 Thi) (e6ui(e) a +e!ho/ology !ha! ,(ing) cla(i!y an/ ena,le)!(an)a(ency ,e!een all enginee(ing /i)ciline) in.ol.e/1

The )y)!e+) enginee(ing a(oach !o !echnology 6ualiica!ion ai+) !o )a!i)y !he goal) an/ unc!ional(e6ui(e+en!) )eciie/ in !he Technology Qualiica!ion 9a)i)1 The)e !yically a//(e))4

5 Relia,ili!y4 con!inui!y o co((ec! )e(.ice1

5 A.aila,ili!y4 (ea/ine)) o( co((ec! )e(.ice1

5 Main!aina,ili!y4 a,ili!y !o un/e(go +o/iica!ion) an/ (eai()1

5 Sae!y4 a,)ence o ca!a)!(ohic con)e6uence) on !he u)e()8 an/ !he en.i(on+en!1

5 In!eg(i!y4 a,)ence o i+(oe( )y)!e+ al!e(a!ion)1

A) )uch !hi) i) clo)ely (ela!e/ !o !he no(+al /een/a,ili!y analy)e) co++only u)e/ in )o!a(e /e.elo+en!1Deen/a,ili!y i) /eine/ a) !he a,ili!y !o a.oi/ )e(.ice ailu(e) !ha! a(e +o(e (e6uen! an/ +o(e )e.e(e !han i)acce!a,le an/ i) a unc!ion o !he a(a+e!e() li)!e/ a,o.e1

The )y)!e+) enginee(ing a(oach !o TQ ai+) !o (o.i/e !he )!a*ehol/e() i!h an e<lici! ,o/y o e.i/enceo(+ing a con.incing an/ .ali/ a(gu+en! !ha! !he !echnology ulil) !he )eciie/ goal) an/ unc!ional(e6ui(e+en!) o( a gi.en alica!ion in a gi.en en.i(on+en!1 The ,a)ic ana!o+y o !he a(gu+en! i) )hon inigu(e E-&1

Fig&re F61The .asic anato,( o" the arg&,ent e4*ressed in a goal ,odel

O.e(all

7oal

Deco+o)e/

unc!ion)7oal)

E.i/ence

Suo(!

Suo(!)

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#pp.= 3ntroduction to -ystems"ngineering #pproaches !age 46

F$ A ,odel .ased a**roach

Mo/el) can hel !o ,e!!e( un/e()!an/ !he a(gu+en!a!ion )uo(!ing !he !echnology 6ualiica!ion1 Mo/el)achie.e !hi) ,y ,e!!e( co++unica!ing !he un/e()!an/ing an/ in!en! !o o!he() an/ !o one)el8 !han !he !(a/i!ional/ocu+en!)-,a)e/ a(oach1 The +o/el-,a)e/ a(oach (elie) on !he olloing ou( co(ne()!one)1

5 7oal +o/elling !ha! e<lici!ly (e(e)en!) !he (ea)oning (o+ loe(-le.el goal) !o !he )a!i)ac!ion o !heo.e(all goal1

5 $in*ing e.i/ence !o loe)!-le.el goal) !he lea goal)1

5 Elici!a!ion (o+ e<e(!) o ho ell a.aila,le e.i/ence ulil) lea goal)1

5 P(oaga!ion o goal ulil+en! an/ unce(!ain!y !o o.e(all goal)1

F' Goal ,odelling

The hie(a(chical )!(uc!u(e o !he goal /eco+o)i!ion can ,e ca!u(e/ in a goal +o/el1 The goal +o/el ca!u(e)!he a(gu+en!a!ion o( !he /een/a,ili!y ca)e ,y g(ahically )hoing ho !he goal) a(e ,(o*en /on in!o )u,-goal)1 7oal) can ,e ,(o*en /on along /ie(en! /i+en)ion)1 unc!ional )!(uc!u(al an/ (oce)) /i+en)ion) a(e!he +o)! co++only u)e/1 The(e oul/ no(+ally ,e a +i< o unc!ional an/ )!(uc!u(al /eco+o)i!ion in !hegoal +o/el1 Ano!he( ea!u(e in goal +o/el) i) !he no!ion o o,)!acle) !ha! can (e(e)en! ailu(e +o/e) (e.en!ing a goal (o+ ,eing )a!i)ie/1 Thi) ena,le) o(+ula!ing ulil+en! o goal) in !e(+) o ailu(e +o/e)an/ a))ocia!e/ ailu(e +echani)+)1 In !hi) ay goal +o/elling can )uo(! con/uc!ing an/ (eco(/ing o (e)ul!)

(o+ MEA an/ TA )e))ion)1 The(e a(e /ie(en! no!a!ion) o( goal +o/el) i!h /ie(en! e<(e))i.e oe( an/ )e+an!ic)1 7SN IY an/ KAOS a(e !he +o)! co++on o !he+1 An e<a+le i) )hon ,elo i!h !he KAOSno!a!ion1

F+ in5ing e7idence to lea" goals

The /eco+o)i!ion o goal) en/) hen !he )u,-goal) a(e ine-g(aine/ enough !o ena,le collec!ing /i(ec!e.i/ence a,ou! !hei( )a!i)ac!ion1 The)e loe)! le.el )u,-goal) a(e !he lea goal)1 The)e lea goal) a(e connec!e/!o e.i/ence !yically (o/uce/ in .e(iica!ion an/ .ali/a!ion ac!i.i!ie) )uch a) !e)!ing analy)e) in)ec!ion)e!c1

Fig&re F6$%ll&stration o" the *rinci*le o" goal ,odeling@ sho8ing the AOS notation

8/20/2019 DNV RP-A203_ 2013.pdf



#pp.= 3ntroduction to -ystems"ngineering #pproaches !age 5%

F- S(ste,atic elicitation o" e4*ert o*inions o" ho8 8ell a7aila.le e7idence "&l"ils lea" goals

The a))e))+en! o ho ell !he e.i/ence (o.i/e/ ulil !he )eciie/ goal) nece))a(ily /een/) on )u,ec!i.e u/g+en! ,y e<e(!)1 :ence i! i) e))en!ial !o !a*e +ea)u(e) !o en)u(e !ha! !he)e u/g+en!) a(e elici!e/ a) (eci)ely a) o))i,le1 E)!a,li)he/ (incile) o( e<e(! elici!a!ion hel eli+ina!e )y)!e+a!ic e((o() i1e1 ,ia)81 In!hi) (oce)) !he e<e(! i) a)*e/ !o (o.i/e a 6uan!i!a!i.e +ea)u(e in/ica!ing ho ell !he (o.i/e/ e.i/enceulil) !he lea-goal1 Thi) +ea)u(e co.e() a (ange in/ica!ing !he /eg(ee o unce(!ain!y o !he e<e(! a,ou!he!he( !he e.i/ence (eally ulil) !he lea goal1

A! in!e(+e/ia!e )!e) o !he ,a)ic 6ualiica!ion (oce)) hen 6ualiica!ion ac!i.i!ie) ha.e no! ,een co+le!e/an/ hence )o+e o !he e.i/ence !ha! i) lanne/ !o ,e (o.i/e/ in )uo(! o !he 6ualiica!ion i) +i))ing one+ay choo)e !o inclu/e e<e(! oinion) (ega(/ing

5 !he (o,a,ili!y !ha! !he lanne/ ac!i.i!ie) ill ac!ually )uccee/ in (o.i/ing !he e.i/ence (e6ui(e/ 5 !he (o,a,ili!y !ha! !hi) can ,e achie.e/ i!hin !he )che/ule an/ ,u/ge!) a))igne/ !o !he)e unini)he/

ac!i.i!ie)1

In !hi) ay !he goal +o/el can )uo(! a))e))+en! an/ +anage+en! o 6ualiica!ion (i)*)1

F# !ro*agation o" goal "&l"il,ent and &ncertaint( to o7erall goals

hen all lea-goal) a(e a))e))e/ !he .alue) an/ unce(!ain!y (ange) elici!e/ (o+ !he e<e(!) can ,e (oaga!e/ua(/) in !he goal +o/el1 Thi) can ,e achie.e/ ,y !he u)e o Mon!e Ca(lo )i+ula!ion1 The (e)ul!) (o+ !he

(oaga!ion a(e unce(!ain!y /i)!(i,u!ion) o !he a(en! goal) u !o !he +ain goal1

8/20/2019 DNV RP-A203_ 2013.pdf



)*#N+- *3-T3) !age 5(

CHANGES – H%STOR%C

No!e !ha! hi)!o(ic change) ol/e( !han !he e/i!ion) )hon ,elo ha.e no! ,een inclu/e/1 Ol/e( hi)!o(ic change)!o !hi) /ocu+en! i any8 +ay ,e o,!aine/ !h(ough h!!41/n.1co+1

Dece,.er $21$ edition

Main changes

Since !hi) Reco++en/e/ P(ac!ice a) u,li)he/ a) a +ain (e.i)ion in "uly 20&& !e<! an/ igu(e) ha.e ,eenu/a!e/ o( con)i)!ency1

dnv rp-a203_ 2013.pdf

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