dislocaciones para un disco libre, polÍtica cultural y alternativa socialista en puerto rico

7/31/2019 DISLOCACIONES PARA UN DISCO LIBRE, POLTICA CULTURAL Y ALTERNATIVA SOCIALISTA EN PUERTO RICO

1/220


2/220

Fothldmdolegt smpm we fotdl ho`pg

0331( Klt Kwhoe Pmipg{ Pwo{

0

0331Klt Kwhoe Pmipg{ Pwo{

Fgpgdnlt Pgtgpzmflt


3/220


4/220



6

PGDLELDOIOGEVLT

Gtvm agtvoe nw`ogpm tofl iwy dwgtvm mppo`m fg el dlevmp dle hm agegpltm

dlishodofmf fg Fle Klpag Igfoem y Impm fgh Sohmp Mslevg }wogegt

dlismpvogple dleioal twt elvmt y pgjgpgedomt% Qmefm Smdngdl ig mw~oho ge hm

igvlflhlam%

Kwhoe Pmipg{( Otimgh @mppgvl( Gfqoe Igfoem( Ghotgl Zmhhg y Pltmpol

Hsg{ Kwmp`g y jmiohom( jwgple iwy fohoagevgt ge jmdohovmpig mddgtl m twt

dlhgddolegt fotdlapjodmt% Hlt fohlalt dle Ply @plqe( Elgh Ngpeefg{( Jhlpm

Tmevomal( Dmphlt Hl{mfm( Tohzgpol Spg{( Mevleol Am{vmi`ofg( Imewgh fg K%

Ale{hg{ y Eghtle Tmi`lhe fgtsgkmple iwdnmt fwfmt y vpm{mple lvpmt sotvmt%

Gh g}wosl fg mtotvgevgt fgh Dgevpl fg Oezgtvoamdolegt ge Dliweodmdoe y

Mi`gp Zhg{ dlevpo`wy ge hm spgtgevmdoe y fgvmhhgt joemhgt fgh vg~vl%

Mapmfg{dl hm gelpig dlevpo`wdoe fgh Fgdmemvl fg Gtvwfolt Apmfwmflt y fg

Oezgtvoamdoe( fg hm Jwefmdoe Emdolemh smpm hm Dwhvwpm Slswhmp y fg hm Gtdwghm

fg Dliweodmdoe( iot hgdvlpgt y fopgdvlpm( hm Fpm% Tohzom hzmpg{ Dwp`ghl%

Apmdomt m io jmiohom( hm fg mevgt y hm fg mnlpm%


5/220



7

SPHLAL

Gh iopdlhgt =0 fg imp{l fg 0334 tg dghg`p gh dgevgempol fg hm

Weozgptofmf fg Swgpvl Podl ge gh Pgdoevl fg Pl Sogfpmt% Gtm eldng( smpm gh

dogppg fg hm dghg`pmdoe( tg dlev dle hm smpvodosmdoe fg Ply @plqe=( }woge

spgtgevmpm we dledogpvl kwevl m hm Lp}wgtvm Toejeodm fg Swgpvl Podl% We

spghwfol fg dmedolegt fg Pmjmgh Ngpeefg{ ge igfol fg wem hhlzo{em gtslpfodm

tgpzme fg sphlal mh imael gzgevl% Hm iwdngfwi`pg `whhodoltm( .}wg mpplsm`m

vlfm hm shm{m y hm dmhhg Gtvg }wg smtm jpgevg m hm vlppg Jpmebhoe F% Plltgzghv/(

gtsgpm`m metoltm hm msmpodoe fg wem hgygefm fg hm itodm fg splvgtvm y fg

pgmjopimdoe emdolemh swgpvlppo}wgm%

Iopmefl fgtfg hmt gtdmhoemvmt fg hm vlppg( gh smelpmim gpm fg jogtvm% Flt

apmefgt sgptgawoflpgt fg hw{ m mi`lt hmflt fg hmt gtdmhoemvmt mhwi`pm`me gh

doghl ew`hmfl% Doghl }wg( dlil `zgfm dghgtvg fg wem dowfmf avodm( sgpiovm gh

pgjhgkl svoil smpm m}wghhm slfgpltm fme{m }wg nmdme flt dlhwiemt fg jlvlegt%

@mkl hmt gtdmhoemvmt( hm impaoemh gtvm`m m`mpplvmfm fg agevg }wg tw`m y `mkm`m fg

hm shmdovm% Mhh( `mkl dmpsmt( wem jgpom fg mpvgtmemt tgpzm fg mevgtmhm mh vgmvpl

gigpagevg jwefmfl m hm oevgisgpog fg hm dmhhg weozgptovmpom% Gh smelpmim elt

= Gedmpamfl fg splfwddoe y splsmamefm fgh tghhl Fotdl Ho`pg gevpg hlt mlt =?13 mh =?1:%


6/220



:

pgdlpfm`m }wg gh mevoawl y ngpiltl vgmvpl fgh Pgdoevl( vlfmzm gtvm`m ge

pgdletvpwddoe%

Nm`m tohhmt `hmedmt mhoegmfmt y ldwsmfmt iopmefl nmdom gh twp% Fg hm

vmpoim( .pgdwògpvm dlil we ò{dldnl fg dwishgmlt dle wem dmpsm fg dopdl

dlhlp `hmedl/( tg hgzmevm`me wemt dlhwiemt fg mhwioeol }wg smpgdme vw`lt fg

mefmiolt% Fg m}wghhmt zoamt tg dlham`me hmt hwdgt }wg mhwi`pm`me gh gtdgempol%

Mhh gtvm`m vlfm hm Toejeodm zgtvofm fg smevmhlegt egaplt y dmiotmt

`hmedmt% Fgtfg md smpgdme zghmt fg we ò{dldnl% Ge gh dgevpl gtvm`m gh fopgdvlp

g oeigfomvmigevg jpgevg m h we gtsmdol pghmvozmigevg mishol }wg tgsmpm`m mh

pgtvl fg hlt itodlt dle wem hioem fg mdphodl; wem zovpoem mdtvodm% Dlham`me

iodpjlelt fg twt sgfgtvmhgt smpm dmsvwpmp gh tleofl fg hlt oetvpwigevlt% _ mhh(

tmhogefl fgtfg hm gt}woem fgpgdnm fgh gtdgempol( Ply @plqe( zgtvofl vlfl fg

egapl( dle tw gvgpem `mp`m y sghl hmpal .mnlpm apot/( nmdm tw msmpodoe ge gh

gtdgempol% We sldl vovw`gmevg( mhal vgigpltl vpmm we zmtl ge hm imel% Vlfl gh

iwefl mshmwfm% Gevledgt ig sgpdmv fg }wg zmpolt itodlt fg hm toejeodm

vpmme wem hoam plkm ge twt `pm{lt o{}wogpflt% El tg no{l gtsgpmp% Mdvl tgawofl(

gh tglp @plqe mapmfgdo hm smpvodosmdoe fg hm Lp}wgtvm Toejeodm y dlil we

zldgpl fg splvgtvm tg tlhofmpo{ dle gh dlhlpofl pgdhmil fg hlt itodlt }wg

pgmho{mple wem gtsgdog fg `whhm pgaldokmfm dwmefl @plqe oedpgs ge }wg wem


7/220



1

Toejeodm igpgdm we igklp Dletgpzmvlpol fg Itodm% Jghodov gevledgt m hlt

weozgptovmpolt%

Gh dledogpvl vpmetdwppo vpme}wohmigevg% Ge vlfmt hmt oevgpspgvmdolegt Ply

nmdm we msmpvg smpm mapmfgdgp gh mppgahl toejeodl y }wo{t emppm`m mhawem

notvlpom fg vpmetapgtoe fwpmevg twt mlt weozgptovmpolt }wg( fg mhawem imegpm(

tw`zgpvm hm vgefgedom }wg tgfwdg m vmevlt itodlt fg mdlismmptg slp wem

lp}wgtvm toejeodm dwmefl mhdme{me dogpvl apmfl fg slswhmpofmf y g~sgpogedom%

Msgemt vld hm awovmppm% Ply( dlil hlt fgit itodlt( iopm mh fopgdvlp

gtsgpmefl tw tgmh fg gevpmfm Dlil hlt mppgahlt tle fotvoevlt( nw`l wem jmhtm

tgmh y @plqe gevp jwgpm fg vogisl% Dmhh% Gtsgp slp gh imgtvpl( y dlige{

fg ewgzl%

M Ply tg twi Gfqoe Dlhe [mymt0 y lvplt flt itodlt }wg vldm`me gh

somel ghgdvpeodl y lvpl oetvpwigevl fg sgpdwtoe }wg fgtfg io gt}woem ig gpm

oislto`hg ofgevojodmp%

Hm iwdngfwi`pg gtvm`m mvgevm y lzmdolem`m% Hm imylp smpvg fg hmt

dlisltodolegt gpme slgimt fg Kwme Mevleol Dlppgvkgp iwtodmho{mflt slp @plqe%

Smpm joemho{mp( dmev Lw`ml Iloe% Ge gtg oetvmevg ig jok }wg gh s`hodl m io

hmfl tg hgzmevm`m fg twt tohhmt y dmevm`m dle gh swl ge mhvl; "slp}wg ghhlt

0 Spgtvoaoltl dwmvpotvm swgpvlppo}wgl% Gh dwmvpl jwg we oetvpwigevl fg itodm jlhbhpodm }wg

fwpmevg hmt hvoimt fdmfmt nm tofl oevgapmfl m lvplt aegplt iwtodmhgt%


8/220



>

dletvpwyge y tmhfp fg ghhm hm ewgzm Smvpom ho`gpmfm-"% Gevledgt iop nmdom mvpt(

y vlfm( .VLFM/ hm iwhvovwf fozotm`hg m iot gtsmhfmt dmevm`m fg sog y dle gh swl

oawmhigevg ge mhvl; "mhm`me{m( mhm`me{m( smpm ghhlt y smpm tw Smvpom( mhm`me{m"% Gh

smelpmim smpgdm we fk zw fg hm fgt`lpfmevg mtmi`hgm nwghawotvm fgh 07 fg

elzogi`pg fg =?>=4% Sgpl( nmdg zgoevg mlt mvpt wem oimage tgigkmevg nwògpm

fgtgedmfgemfl we `pwvmh gejpgevmiogevl gevpg gtvwfomevgt y hmt jwgp{mt

slhodomhgt%

Gevledgt gh Joe% Dlil gt fg gtsgpmptg hm agevg dlige{ m dhmimp slp lvpm

dmedoe% "Ilee-"( apovm`me iwdnlt% Hm lp}wgtvm pgsovo gh gtvpoòhhl( y kwtvl

dwmefl smpgdm }wg tg lopm m Hm Hgygefm Ply @plqe dmevmp; "Jwgal( jwgal( hlt

ymebggt }wogpge jwgal( gh iwefl gtv ge hhmimt-" .vme splsodom ge vogislt fg

awgppm/( toishgigevg tg fgtsofoy( dlige{mple hlt jwgalt mpvojodomhgt%

Ge igfol fg wem dghg`pmdoe hhgem fg splvldlhlt( }w swgfg pgspgtgevmp

we twkgvl)dlel fg hm mevo)`wpawgtm fwpmevg hlt mlt !:3 y !13( ge gh dogppg fg gtvm

mdvozofmf< Gzofgevgigevg( hm Notvlpom el hg nm fmfl hm pm{e m m}wgh dwmfpl

slhvodl fgh tldomhotil dpolhhl hhmimfl Ply @plqe% .Nm dmfl gh Iwpl fg @gphe y

4 Ge gtvm jgdnm vwzl hwamp ge hm Weozgptofmf fg Swgpvl Podl( Pgdoevl fg Pl Sogfpmt wem fg hmt

mtmi`hgmt gtvwfomevohgt it dledwppofmt ge hm notvlpom weozgptovmpom% Gh hfgp gtvwfomevoh Pl`gpvl

Mhgkmefpl vgem splnoòfl gevpmp mh dmiswt( slp gtl hm mtmi`hgm gtvwfomevoh tg fol dovm jpgevg m hlt

slpvlegt fgh pgdoevl%


9/220



?

hm "Dlpvoem fg Nogppl"/% Slp vmh ilvozl( mhawelt slfpme sgetmp }wg gtvm swgtvm

ge gtdgem tg vpmvm fg wem dllsvmdoe; hm fligtvodmdoe fg hm splvgtvm

weozgptovmpom% Lvplt( slp gh dlevpmpol( }wo{t sogetge }wg tg vpmvm fgh dmiòl

sltovozl nmdom vogislt igklpgt%

Oefgsgefogevgigevg fg hm sgpdgsdoe( gt gzofgevg }wg hm spgtgedom fg hm

itodm "fg splvgtvm" ge gh pgsgpvlpol fg Ply @plqe gtvwzl twmzo{mfm slp tw

toiòltot dle hm lp}wgtvm% Hm Toejeodm vldmefl itodm }wg jwg fg splvgtvm(

msmdoawm hl twjodogevg gh smelpmim dlil smpm }wg tgm fotjpwvmfm fg jlpim

dleigilpmvozm2 dlil hm dlevgishmdoe fg wem pgho}wom fg lvplt vogislt% Fg

gtvm jlpim( mwe}wg spgtgedomp gtvm mdvozofmf fg`g nm`gp dlejopimfl hm ofgm }wg

vogege fgh Pgdoevl fg Pl Sogfpmt fg hm Weozgptofmf fg Swgpvl Podl dogpvlt

dpvodlt .}wg sogetme }wg gh Pgdoevl gt we "eofl fg oefgsgefgevotvmt"/( fwfl

iwdnl }wg vlfmt hmt sgptlemt }wg tg hgzmevmple fg twt mtogevlt y mh{mple gh

swl smpm dmevmp Lw`ml Iloe( vpm`mkge fm m fm slp hm "Smvpom ho`gpmfm" m hm }wg

nmdg pgjgpgedom Dlppgvkgp% Ge gtvg tgevofl( }wo{ gh mdvl jwg it òge wem

"sgpjlpimedg"2 we iwtgl zozogevg fg m}wgh shgotvldgel weozgptovmpol%

Vmh zg{ gtm iotim pm{e no{l }wg Ply tg m`tvwzogpm fg dmevmp hm dmedoe

Ilee% Gtvm dmedoe( m fojgpgedom fg Lw`ml Iloe( sltgg wem dleelvmdoe

oppgzgpgevg( spljmem% Me dwmefl( ge gh iwefl swfogpme nm`gp iwdnlt }wg


10/220



=3

dlpgmpme "Jwgal( gh iwefl gtv ge hhmimt6"( gtvm dmedoe sltgg wem dmpam }wg

}wo{ el gt dledohom hg dle wem mdvozofmf fg dghg`pmdoe y pgdlpfmdoe% El nmy

iwdnm fojgpgedom gevpg to hm liotoe jwg splfwdvl fg wem sgvodoe fg hm

mfioeotvpmdoe( l fg wem mwvldgetwpm fgh dmevmwvlp% Hl oislpvmevg gt pgdleldgp

}wg hm msmpodoe fg Ply @plqe ge gtvg gzgevl dletvovwy wem gtsgdog fg h`wi

pgvldmfl( we gtsgdvdwhl smpm pgigilpmp hlt igklpgt iligevlt y el hlt it

nltvohgt%

Ng fgdofofl dlige{mp dle gtvg pghmvl gh g~mige fgh dlevg~vl fgh tghhl

fot}wgpl Fotdl Ho`pg( slp}wg( spgdotmigevg( jwgple gtlt iligevlt nltvohgt

fwpmevg hm tgawefm iovmf fg hm fdmfm fg =?:3( hm hgzmfwpm }wg( mapgamfm mh

dlevg~vl tldol)notvpodl }wg tg zozm ge gh smt .y ge vlfl gh iwefl/ jgpigev gh

dpgdoiogevl fg we ilzoiogevl iwtodmh% Hm dmedoe fg splvgtvm .vmi`oe

dleldofm dlil dmevl slswhmp( dmedoe dlispligvofm( ewgzl dmedolegpl( ewgzm

dmedoe l ewgzm vplzm/ tg oeodo slp kzgegt( iwdnlt fg ghhlt weozgptovmpolt% Ge

Swgpvl Podl( Ply @plqe jwg wel fg hlt jwefmflpgt fg gtvg ilzoiogevl iwtodmh

.Jghodomel * Jhlpgt( imyl =?>:2 Toe mwvlp( jg`pgpl =?172 Ampdm Pmiot( =?10/( }wg

nm tofl gtvwfomfl oevgpemdolemhigevg( sgpl( }wg ge ewgtvpl smt el nm vgeofl

imylp pgsgpdwtoe mdmfiodm%

6 Gtvpo`ohhl fg hm dmedoeIlee( fg Ply @plqe%


11/220



==

PGTWIGE

Ge =?1= tg dletlhof gh tghhl fot}wgpl Fotdl Ho`pg( solegpl fgh ilzoiogevl

dwhvwpmh fg hm Ewgzm Dmedoe .l Ewgzm Vplzm/ ge Swgpvl Podl% Gtvg ilzoiogevl(

dle lpoage ge Dnohg y Dw`m( iwy splevl vwzl pshodmt g~ovltmt ge Hmvoelmipodm

y ge hlt smtgt fg nm`hm notsmem% Fotdl Ho`pg gtvm`hgdo zedwhlt dle lvplt

ilzoiogevlt fg hm Ewgzm Dmedoe( mh vogisl }wg tg gpoam dlil wem toaeojodmvozm

pgtswgtvm dwhvwpmh m hlt spl`hgimt tldomhgt y dwhvwpmhgt fg Swgpvl Podl% Gevpg twt

jwefmflpgt y g~slegevgt dm`g fgtvmdmp hm smpvodosmdoe fg mpvotvmt dlil Ply

@plqe( Mevleol Dm`e Zmhg .Gh Vlsl/ y Mefpt Koieg{%

Nmdg it fg 43 mlt( Fotdl Ho`pg tgev we spgdgfgevg mh dlezgpvoptg ge wem

fg hmt spoigpmt lpameo{mdolegt el aw`gpemigevmhgt }wg agegp slhvodmt dwhvwpmhgt

medhmfmt ge fothldmdolegt slhvodmt( veodmt( gdleiodmt y fg kwtvodom tldomh fgtfg

wem pgvpodm tldomhotvm y emdolemhotvm% Vmle( .apwsl iwtodmh }wg mapwsm`m m hlt

mpvotvmt fg Fotdl Ho`pg/( ge vmevl ilzoiogevl dwhvwpmh mhvgpemvozl( agegpm wem

dpvodm m hlt igfolt fg dliweodmdoe ge wem dlywevwpm notvpodm fg apmefgt

dlejhodvlt y ge vogislt fg apme pgspgtoe slhvodm%

M vpmzt fg hm `t}wgfm fg mpdnozl y gh mehotot tgiovodl fg hgvpmt(

itodm g oiagegt( `wtdl oevgpspgvmp gh gevpmimfl fg fothldmdolegt y dlejhodvlt

}wg( m vpmzt fg we dlishgkl spldgtl dliweodmvozl y fgho`gpmvozl( dlevpo`wygple

m fgtmpplhhmpslhvodmt dwhvwpmhgt%


12/220



=0

Dle gtvg vpm`mkl dlhldl hm mvgedoe ge hm splfwddoe fg tgevofl slp smpvg

fg splfwdvlpgt dwhvwpmhgt oefgsgefogevgt y mhvgpemvozlt% Dle ghhl oevgevl

ilvozmp gh gtvwfol fg dil tg agegpm magedom dwhvwpmh el aw`gpemigevmh ge

Swgpvl Podl y mslpvmp mh gevgefoiogevl fg hm fdmfm fg =?13 dlil wem dlywevwpm

viofmigevg m`lpfmfm( sgpl fg apme vpmtdgefgedom notvpodm( tldolhaodm y

dliweodmvozm%


13/220



=4

EFODGSaoem

Fgfodmvlpom 4

Pgdleldoiogevlt 6

Sphlal 7

Pgtwige ==

Dmsvwhl O SPGHWFOL =1Shmevgmiogevl fgh spl`hgim =1Kwtvojodmdoe g oislpvmedom fgh gtvwfol 04Hm Ewgzm Dmedoe; mevgdgfgevgt 0:Fotdl Ho`pg y gh splygdvl dwhvwpmh fgh S%T%S% 47

Dmsvwhl OO IGVLFLHLAM 6:Vpmim vgpodm y dledgsvwmh 6:L`kgvozlt 74Spgawevmt fg oezgtvoamdoe 76Fotgl igvlflhaodl 77

Dmsvwhl OOO HM MP]WGLHLAM FG WE DMVHLAL :3

Ivlfl :4Flttogp sw`hodovmpol 13Dpovgpolt smpm hm tghgddoe fg dmpvwhmt 1:Mehotot fg oiagegt 11

Dmsvwhl OZ HM GTVPWDVWPM FG HM DMEDOE HO@PG ?>Gtvvodm imp~otvm =37Ilfghl mdvmedomh ==7Tghgddoe fg dmedolegt =03Mehotot fg dmedolegt =07

Dmsvwhl Z FGH TGAEL MH DLFM =1?Hm .dmedoe/ splvgtvm =1?Hm dmedoe fgh Nli`pg ewgzl =>0Hm pgdgtoe =>7Hm oimage fg Fotdl Ho`pg =>>


14/220



=6

Pgjgpgedomt =?4

Msefodg M Tghgddoe fg dmedolegt fg Fotdl Ho`pg =??

Msefodg @ Dmvhlal fg Fotdl Ho`pg 0==


15/220



=7

HOTVM FG OHWTVPMDOLEGTSaoem

Fomapmim Iovl fg Plhmef @mpvngt 71

Jlvl Flttogp sw`hodovmpol fg Vmle 13

Voi`pg Fotdl Ho`pg :4

Jlvl Vmle ge vmpoim El% = 10

Jlvl @wtvl fg Gh Vlsl dle hlil fg awovmppm 14

Jlvl Vmle ge pgzotvmMzmedg 14

Jlvl Vmle ge vmpoim El% 0 1:



Dmpvwhm _l Splvgtvl 1>

Flptl _l Splvgtvl 1?

Dmpvwhm @mtvm ym Pgzlhwdoe% >3

Flptl @mtvm ym Pgzlhwdoe% >=

Dmpvwhm Fg pg`ghfg m pgzlhwdolempol >4

Flptl Fg pg`ghfg m pgzlhwdolempol >6

DmpvwhmDlil gh Johl fgh Imdngvg

>6

Flptl Dlil gh Johl fgh Imdngvg >7

Dmpvwhm Dmedoe fgh swg`hl >:

Flptl Dmedoe fgh swg`hl >>


16/220



=:

Oevgpolp Dmedoe fgh swg`hl >?

Dmpvwhm Vmle ge Dw`m >?

Flptl Vmle ge Dw`m ?3

Dmpvwhm Mevleol Dm`e Zmhg Gh Vlsl) ?=

Flptl Mevleol Dm`e Zmhg Gh Vlsl) ?=

Dmpvwhm Fotvmedomt ?4

Dmpvwhm Spljgdm fg Wpmyle ?:

Vm`hm Ilfghl mdvmedomh ==?

Dmpvwhm Dlekwevl hm pgzwghvm; Tmhtm y splvgtvm =?=

Dmpvwhm Qohhy Smfe; Hlt =4 =?=

Dmpvwhm Jpmeb Jgppgp; Swgpvl Podl 03=3 =?0


17/220



=1

DMSVWHL O; SPGHWFOL

Shmevgmiogevl fgh spl`hgim

Gh tghhl fotdlapjodl Fotdl Ho`pg tg jpmaw mh dmhlp fgh pglpfgemiogevl fg

hm o{}wogpfm swgpvlppo}wgm fg joemhgt fg hlt mlt =?:3 y spoedosol fg hlt =?13%

Slp tgp `pm{l dwhvwpmh fgh Smpvofl Tldomhotvm Swgpvlppo}wgl .STS/( tw dpgmdoe tg

zoedwhm mh fgtmpplhhl fg hm vgtot slhvodm dleldofm dlil hm Mhvgpemvozm Tldomhotvm 7%

Gtvm vgtot fgtdpo`g hm ofglhlam spgflioemevg ge Swgpvl Podl dlil wem

dmsovmhotvm)dlhleomh; "Hm iotim oevgevm g~shodmp y kwtvojodmp el thl gh totvgim fg

g~shlvmdoe dmsovmhotvm( toel vmi`oe hm dlhleom dhtodm" .Sa% =33/% Slfgilt

twslegp }wg gtvm zoedwhmdoe zgpvg`p gh dledgsvl fg Fotdl Ho`pg( mh igelt ge tw

lpoage%

Fotdl Ho`pg( mh oawmh }wg lvpmt gispgtmt twsgfovmfmt mh Smpvofl Tldomhotvm

Swgpvlppo}wgl( jlpim`me smpvg fgh splygdvl gimedosmflp fgh STS }wg tg

spldhmim`m m`mefgpmfl fgh imp~otil)hgeoeotil mh vogisl }wg pgdhmim`m hm

tl`gpmem emdolemh smpm Swgpvl Podl% Gh imp~otil hgeoeotil( gh emdolemhotil y gh

ilfghl fg hm ewgzm dmedoe hmvoelmigpodmem tg mtlime dlil hlt swevmhgt smpm

hm mpvodwhmdoe ofglhaodm fg Fotdl Ho`pg%

7 Vgtot slhvodm fgh Smpvofl Tldomhotvm Swgpvlppo}wgl mspl`mfm ge =?16 slp gh Dleapgtl

G~vpmlpfoempol fgh STS%


18/220



=>

Ge =?16 gh STS tg spgsmpm`m smpm smpvodosmp fg hmt ghgddolegt fg =?1::%

Fgtfg =?70( Swgpvl Podl nm`m fgkmfl fg tgp wem dlhleom fg dmpmdvgptvodmt

vpmfodolemhgt smpm dlezgpvoptg ge we gwjgiotil fgh egl dlhleomkg

elpvgmigpodmel% Hm pgjlpim gdleiodm dmekg hm gdlelim mapdlhm slp we

mdghgpmfl spldgtl fg oefwtvpomho{mdoe }wg ge =?16 fm`m iwgtvpmt fg

malvmiogevl% Fg gtvm imegpm( gh Swgpvl Podl fg hm fdmfm fg =?13 tg spgtgevm`m

dlil we gtdgempol fojdoh( dle we oppgtwghvl spl`hgim fg dlefodoe slhvodm y ge

hm `t}wgfm fg we ewgzl ilfghl fg fgtmpplhhl% Ge gh dlevg~vl fg gtvlt dmiòlt(

gh oefgsgefgevotil tldomhotvm ge Swgpvl Podl `wtdm oejpwdvwltmigevg wòdmptg ge

igfol fg hm zlpaoeg fg dlevpmppgjlpimt y pgzlhwdolegt tljldmfmt .dlil hm fg

Dnohg/ }wg flioem`me gh smelpmim iwefomh%

Fotdl Ho`pg jwg hm spoigpm lpameo{mdoe }wg pgspgtgev mh ilzoiogevl fg

hm Dmedoe fg Splvgtvm ge Swgpvl Podl% Sgtg m }wg hm Ewgzm Dmedoe( .Dmedoe

Splvgtvm l Ewgzm Vplzm/ jwg we ilzoiogevl g~vgefofl ge Mipodm Hmvoem( smtgt

notsmel smphmevgt y mhawelt fgh `hl}wg tldomhotvm( hm Ewgzm Dmedoe ge Swgpvl

: Zmhg hm sgem tgmhmp }wg hm gtvpmvgaom pgzlhwdolempom fgh imp~otil)hgeoeotil vpmfodolemh el

oedhwyg hm smpvodosmdoe fgh smpvofl fg hlt vpm`mkmflpgt ge hmt ghgddolegt fg hm fgildpmdom

ho`gpmh% Hm fgjoeodoe }wg wvoho{m gh STS fgh imp~otil)hgeoeotil smpgdg it hm~m }wg hm }wg

splswtogple twt jwefmflpgt% Nmy }wg elvmp }wg gh smpvofl vmiòe tg gejpgevm`m m we mdghgpmfl

dpgdoiogevl fgh tgdvlp vgpdompol fg hm gdlelim y hm igpim ge hm imewjmdvwpm spgtgevm`m we

gtdgempol fotvoevl mh }wg zozogple Hgeoe y Imp~%


19/220



=?

Podl vwzl smpvodwhmpofmfgt }wg hm fotvoeawogple fgh pgtvl fg hmt imeojgtvmdolegt

mpvtvodmt% Hm pghmdoe dlhleomh gevpg Swgpvl Podl y Gtvmflt Weoflt oispoig ge

hlt ilzoiogevlt fg o{}wogpfm dpolhhlt we elvm`hg emdolemhotil% Fotdl Ho`pg(

dlil zldgpl mpvtvodl y iwtodmh fgh Smpvofl Tldomhotvm Swgpvlppo}wgl( vpmetiovop

we gtspovw fg lpawhhl smvpovodl y pgozoefodmdoe emdolemh ge twt dmedolegt% M

toishg zotvm smpgdgpm }wg( it }wg msghmp m hm hwdnm fg dhmtgt( hmt dmedolegt fg

Fotdl Ho`pg swtogple ejmtot vgivodl ge hm hwdnm slp hm oefgsgefgedom y hm

pgdle}wotvm fg hlt pgdwptlt emdolemhgt%

Pgtsgdvl m gtvg gkg vgivodl( gh pgsgpvlpol fg Fotdl Ho`pg dlevpmtvm dle hm

dmedoe fg hm Ewgzm Vplzm dw`mem .ilzoiogevl }wg( toe hwamp m fwfmt oejhwy

ge Fotdl Ho`pg/ }wg fgdhoe wvoho{mp( ge gh Dleapgtl fg hm Dmedoe Splvgtvm .=?:1/(

gh msghmvozl dmedoe fg splvgtvm swgtvl }wg mslym`m hm pgdoe oemwawpmfm

Pgzlhwdoe fgh I0:( y dwylt vgimt fotdwppme gismsmflt fg oiagegt sodmt fg

hm awgppm fg awgppohhmt y fg hm g~mhvmdoe m hlt ewgzlt nli`pgt y iwkgpgt;

vpm`mkmflpgt y dmisgtoelt%

Hm ewgzm dmedoe swgpvlppo}wgm vgem dlil pgvl tgpzop dlil `mefgpm

mevo)dlhleomh mh vogisl }wg pgdhmim`m pgjlpimt toefodmhgt( we mhvl m hm pgspgtoe(

dpvodmt mh oevgpzgedoleotil elpvgmigpodmel y m hm awgppm fg Zogvemi m vpmzt fg

hm lsltodoe mh Tgpzodol Iohovmp L`hoamvlpol%


20/220



03

El l`tvmevg( gt egdgtmpol tgmhmp }wg nw`l ilzoiogevlt mpvtvodlt fg

splvgtvm mevgpolpgt m Fotdl Ho`pg ge Swgpvl Podl% Ge hm itodm slswhmp

swgpvlppo}wgm tg swgfge mspgdomp spgdgfgevgt vgivodlt y emppmvozlt }wg

shmevgm`me spl`hgimt tldomhgt% Toe gi`mpal( gtvmt dmedolegt spgtdoefme fgh

pgtsmhfl fg we ilzoiogevl gtvpwdvwpmfl y fg wem hegm slhvodm dhmpmigevg

fghoiovmfm% Fotdl Ho`pg tg agegpm slp kzgegt gtvwfomevgt }wg gtvm`me dledogevgt

fg hmt hwdnmt gtvwfomevohgt( slhvodmt( jgioeotvmt( pmdomhgt y slhvodmt fg tw sldm%

Gh splygdvl vmiòe tg gpoag dle wem pgvpodm fg lsltodoe m hlt igfolt fg

dliweodmdoe fg imtmt .Ampdm Pmiot( =?10/% Mhawelt fg twt oevgapmevgt

hhgample m ghm`lpme wem dpvodm m hlt igfolt y m hmt oefwtvpomt dwhvwpmhgt m hm

mhvwpm fgh joe fg hm fdmfm fg =?:3 y dlioge{lt fgh =?13 ge Swgpvl Podl% Hm

sltvwpm fgtmjomevg mh slfgp dpgdogevg fg hlt igfolt y hmt oefwtvpomt dwhvwpmhgt

dlil hm fotdlapjodm gpm detlem dle hm magefm slhvodm fgh STS% Fgtfg gtm

oetvpwigevmhofmf( gh STS zomòho{ hm fojwtoe fg dmedolegt fg splvgtvm tldomh y

slhvodm( sgpl vmiòe dpg wem hegm ljodomh mpvtvodm% Fodg Gfampfl Tlvl Vlppgt

ge wem gevpgzotvm }wg hg nodogpm m Ply @plqe ge gh 0333;

hm fgtzgevmkm fg gtvmp `mkl gh `pm{l dwhvwpmh fgh STS( hl gpm gh vgegp }wg

hoiovmp tw g~spgtoe m hlt mtwevlt ofglhaodlt fgh smpvofl% Wem zg{ }wg

toevo hm dgetwpm slp smpvg fgh STS( Ply fgdofo tgawop fg jlpim

oefgsgefogevg nmtvm gh fm fg nly% .s% 0/


21/220



0=

Ge zmpomt ldmtolegt ng vgeofl hm lslpvweofmf fg spgtgedomp pgweolegt y

fotdwtolegt gevpg g~)iogi`plt l g~)dlhm`lpmflpgt fg Fotdl Ho`pg ge hmt }wg tg

gzmhwm`me hmt `lefmfgt( sgpl( vmi`oe hmt apogvmt }wg mtlimple mevgt fg tw

fgtimevghmiogevl% Wem dletvmevg fg gtmt pgweolegt y gevpgzotvmt oejlpimhgt jwg

hm l`tgpzmdoe }wg tg nm ngdnl ge vlpel m hm gtvpgdng{ vgivodm y hm jmhvm fg

msgpvwpm m dlppogevgt iwtodmhgt it mhh fgh jlhbhlpg swgpvlppo}wgl% Ge

pgtwige( }wg Fotdl Ho`pg( dlil gispgtm dwhvwpmh fgh STS( vgem wem oekgpgedom

ofglhaodm ge hm tghgddoe fg vpm`mklt iwtodmhgt fg vmh jlpim }wg gtvm`hgdm dgpdlt

m hm dpgmvozofmf% Dwhgt jwgple hlt hiovgt fotdwptozlt fg Fotdl Ho`pg y nmtvm

}wg swevl jwg g~dhwygevg gh splygdvl dwhvwpmh

vm`hgpl fg `mvmhhm slhvodm% Gtvmflt Weoflt( hlapmefl gt}wozmp ge tw splsol

vgppovlpol hlt gi`mvgt fg hm tgawefm awgppm( tg dlezopvo ge hm gdlelim it

jwgpvg( y `poef m tw agegpmdoe fg "`m`y `lligpt" we vgppgel dwhvwpmh splsodol

smpm fgtmpplhhmp wemt dlevpmdwhvwpmt iwtodmhgt fg hm pg`ghoe .@povvl Ampdm(

=??:%/% Gh `hwgt( gh pnyvni mef hwgt( y gh pldb mef plhh jwgple sgpdo`oflt dlil

jlpimt tldomhgt fg splvgtvm }wg tg zmhme fg hlt zgndwhlt igfovodlt smpm mh

iotil vogisl gtvm`hgdgp wem fotvmedom dle hm itodm slswhmp vpmfodolemh

.Vwimt)Tgpem( =??0/% Gtvm fotvmedom hm gtvm`hgdme itodlt dlil @l` Fyhme y

Klme @mg{ oejhwgedomflt slp gh " jlhb pgzozmh" fg hlt mlt =?43 y =?63% Dligevm

Vwimt)Tgpem .=??0/ nmdoefltg gdl fg hmt smhm`pmt fg Jpovn .=?>0/;

@l` Fyhme mef Klme @mg{ dlevoewgf vng vpmfovole lj gmphy soleggpt twdn mt

Mphl Awvnpog mef Sgvg Tggagp( `y wtoea jlhb tleat mt m zgnodhg jlp slswhmp

pgtotvmedg mef tlhofmpovy mef qnodn qgpg fgjoegf( slhovodmhhy mef

iwtodmhhy( oe lssltovole vl dliigpdomh sls .s% =66/

Gh gtdgempol ge Mipodm Hmvoem dlismpvm mhawel fg gtvlt spldgtlt

dlevpmdwhvwpmhgt% _m m joemhgt fg hm fdmfm fgh =?63( Mvmnwmhsm _wsme}wo( }woge

gtvm`m mjohomfl mh Smpvofl Dliweotvm Mpagevoel( nm`m spgtgevmfl it fg :3

dledogpvlt ge Gwplsm mimfpoemfl slp hm dmevmevg Gfovn Somj% G~shodm Klt

Gepo}wg Mylplm Tmevmho{ .Jghodomel * Jhlpgt( =?>:/ }wg _wsme}wo( "RyYm smpm gh

ml =?73 nm`m l`vgeofl gh oislpvmevg Apme Spgiol fg hm Mdmfgiom Dnmphgt Aplt(


29/220



0?

fg Smpot( mh igklp fotdl jlhbhpodl fg gtg ml%" .sa% =6/% Iogevpmt vmevl( ge Dnohg(

Zolhgvm Smppm fojwefm gh pgsgpvlpol }wg "tw swg`hl nm`m dletgpzmfl ge hm

igilpom y ge hlt hmòlt" .Jghodomel * Jhlpgt( =?>:( sa% =6/% Dlil fodg Impm

Oet Ampdm .=???/( gh mwag fgh jlhbhlpotil tg fm apmdomt "m hmt ewgzmt vgefgedomt

fg dogpvlt dpdwhlt fg oevghgdvwmhgt dle spgfodmigevl ge slt fg we emdolemhotil

slswhmp" .s% 4:3/% Hm dmedoe fg splvgtvm vogeg tw spgdgfgevg( 43 mlt mevgt( ge

hm itodm jlhbhpodm y hm vplzm kwahmpgtdm }wg tg nm`m }wgfmfl pg{mamfm fg

fojwtoe imtozm ge hmt lefmt pmfomhgt y ewgzlt msmpmvlt fg pgsplfwddoe

iwtodmh% Mnlpm òge( gh ilzoiogevl }wg fgzoel ge hm dmedoe fg splvgtvm y hwgal

ge hm Ewgzm Dmedoe y Ewgzm Vplzm( to òge tg mslym`m ge we emdolemhotil

slswhmp( el tg pgfwdg m gtvl% Fgdm Zdvlp Kmpm .ge Plfpawg{( =?>6/;

Slp}wg eltlvplt gevgefoilt fgtfg we spoedosol }wg gt fgtfg mn( fgtfg

hmt `mtgt( fgtfg gtg hgeawmkg( fgtfg gtm vpmfodoe dwhvwpmh( fg gtm

ofgevofmf }wg tg hhmim jlhbhlpg y gt gh hgeawmkg it swpl fg dmfm swg`hl(

gt fgtfg mn flefg fg`g oeodomptg ewgtvpm hwdnm%.s%4/

Ge gtvg tgevofl( hm agegpmdoe fg mpvotvmt }wg tg twi mh ewgzl

ilzoiogevl tg msly ge gh jlhbhlpotil( sgpl tlhmigevg dlil vpoedngpm smpm

pgozoefodmp lvpmt hwdnmt% Gh ewgzl ilzoiogevl zoel m vpmetjlpimptg ge gh zldgpl

fg hwdnmt slhvodmt( gdleiodmt y dwhvwpmhgt% Dlil g~shodm Vwimt)Tgpem .=??0/;

Jlp imey lj ovt spmdvovolegpt ewgzm dmedoe tyi`lho{gt m tgmpdn jlp slhovodmh(


30/220



43

gdleliod( mef dwhvwpmh ofgevovy oe lpfgp vl dlwevgpmdv qofgtspgmf dwhvwpmh

tvgpglvysoea( gdleliod flioemvole `y vpmetemvolemh dlpslpmvolet( mef slhovodmh

imeoswhmvole `y Elpvn Migpodme slhody% .s%=4?/

M fojgpgedom fgh jlhbhlpotil( hm Ewgzm Dmedoe Hmvoelmigpodmem

dletvovwyg we ilzoiogevl oevgpemdolemh }wg( toe m`meflemp pgdhmilt

ofgevovmpolt( jwtolem y mahwvoem gtjwgp{lt gevpg dmevlpgt y itodlt fg smtgt

migpodmelt g notsmel)smphmevgt% Dlevoem Vwimt Tgpem .=??0/;

Dli`oeoea jlhb( slswhmp( mef dliigpdomh iwtod jpli tlwpdgt oe

Migpoefome( Mjpodme( mef Gwpl)Notsmeod vpmfovolet( ewgzm dmedoe

gi`lfogt jlp ovt iwtodomet mef vngop mwfogedg me g~spgttole lj m Sme)

Hmvoe ofgevovy% Ilpg vnme m iwtodmh tvyhg( ov toaeojogt me ofglhlaodmh tvmedg

mef splzofgt m dpovodmh dmtg jlp memhytot lj imtt)igfomvgf dwhvwpmh

g~spgttole oe lssltovole vl vng nlilageo{oea mef dgevpmho{oea vgefgedogt

lj vpmetemvolemh dliigpdomh Imtt Igfom% .s%=4?/

Hm "sme)hmvoeofmf" fg hm }wg nm`hm Vwimt Tgpem dletotvm ge wem pgvpodm

fg hm "weoe ge hm fojgpgedom". Imvvlt Doevpe( =?1>/ fg hm dwmh tg nmdm smpvdosg

gh oevgpemdolemhotil o{}wogpfotvm `mkl gh hgim fg "Hmvoelmipodm Weofm"%

Ge dogpvm igfofm( gh jlhbhlpotil }wg spgdgfo mh ilzoiogevl fg hm Ewgzm

Dmedoe Hmvoelmigpodmem pgtslefo mh gtvgpglvosl }wg tg nm`m dletvpwofl ge

Gtvmflt Weoflt y Gwplsm mh splilzgp wem slswhmpo{mdoe fg itodm "hmvoem"


31/220



4=

fwpmevg hmt fdmfmt fg hlt mlt =?03( =?43 y =?63% Smpm dletlhofmp we

ilzoiogevl iwtodmh }wg jwgtg vmiòe wem pgtswgtvm slhvodm tg dlezldmple

pgweolegt oevgpemdolemhgt slp hlt smpvoflt y ilzoiogevlt fg o{}wogpfm ge

Hmvoelmipodm% Gh spoigp gedwgevpl fg gtvg vosl tg dghg`p ge maltvl fg =?:1 ge

Zmpmfgpl( Dw`m% Gh Spoigp Gedwgevpl Oevgpemdolemh fg hm Dmedoe Splvgtvm jwg

lpameo{mfl slp hm Dmtm fg hmt Mipodmt }wg( mfgit dpgm we Dgevpl smpm tw

oevgpdmiòl y splildoe% Elgh Eodlhm( wel fg hlt spoigplt g~slegevgt dw`melt

fgh ilzoiogevl ljpgdg hm toawogevg dplelhlam;

=?:>=?:?) Mh gedlevpmp mjoeofmfgt ge tw vpm`mkl( gtvlt kzgegt dlioge{me

m pgdleldgptg welt ge lvplt g oejhwoptg iwvwmigevg% M vpmzt fg hm Dmtm

fg hmt Mipodmt tg slege ge dlevmdvl dle oevghgdvwmhgt y dmevlpgt

o`gplmigpodmelt mjoegt%

Tg fgdmevm wem oejhwgedom agegpmho{mfm fg Hlt @gmvhgt( hm itodm fgh

`mppldl( hmt mpilemt ilfmhgt fg pm{ notseodm y mjpodmem y hm dmedoe

hoagpm gwplsgm fg ilfm% Nmy we mdgpdmiogevl fgdotozl m hm vplzm

vpmfodolemh( y tg pgdo`ge oejhwgedomt fgh jlhbtlea elpvgmigpodmel .@l`

Fyhme/%

Vmiòe tg vogeg dleldoiogevl fg hl }wg tg nmdm ge lvplt smtgt ge m}wgh

iligevl .Smdl O`g{( fg Gtsmm2 Fmeogh Zoahogvvo( fg Wpwawmy2 hm l`pm

fg Mvmnwmhsm _wsme}wo y fg Zolhgvm Smppm% Tg nmdge pgdovmhgt dlismpvoflt


32/220



40

dle dmevlpgt dw`melt dlil Vgpgtovm Jgpeefg{%

Dle hm apm`mdoe fg we g~vgefgf shmy smpm gh Dgevpl fg hm Dmedoe

Splvgtvm fg Dmtm fg hmt Mipodmt( Sm`hl( Tohzol y Elgh Eodlhm( oeodome hm

fotdlapmjm fg hl }wg it vmpfg tgpm hm Ewgzm Vplzm%

Mhawelt dlislege itodm smpm swgtvmt ge gtdgem vgmvpmhgt y dlpvlt

fldwigevmhgt%

RY

=?:?) M`poh Kweol% Tg jwefm gh Apwsl fg G~sgpoigevmdoe Tlelpm fgh

ODMODR>Y% Mt tg mishompm gh i`ovl tlelpl g oetvpwigevmh( tg oedlpslpme

ewgzmt vdeodmt y tg mtoiohm wem oejhwgedom jwefmigevmh fg hm itodm

`gmv y fg hm vplsodmhom l Itodm Slswhmp @pmtohgm .IS@/% Gh apwsl tg

dpgm m oetvmedomt fg Mhjpgfl Awgzmpm .gevledgt fopgdvlp fgh ODMOD/ y fg

Nmyfg Tmevmimpm .fopgdvlpm fg Dmtm fg hmt Mipodmt/( dlevmefl dle Hgl

@plqgp dlil fopgdvlp%

Fgjoeovozmigevg( hm Pgzlhwdoe Dw`mem dlevpo`wy mh fgtmpplhhl fg gtvg

ilzoiogevl y m tw oevgpemdolemho{mdoe% _m smpm gevledgt hm slhvodm dwhvwpmh fg

hlt smtgt tldomhotvmt( y gh splsol Jofgh Dmtvpl ge twt fotdwptlt( tgmhm`me hm

oislpvmedom fg hlt igfolt fg dliweodmdoe imtozm y tw plh dlil oetvpwigevlt

> AGTO; toahmt fgh Apwsl fg G~sgpoigevmdoe Tlelpm fgh ODMOD% Gtvg jwg we fgsmpvmigevl fgh

Oetvovwvl Dw`mel fg Mpvgt g Oefwtvpom Doegimvlapjodmt%


33/220



44

pgzlhwdolempolt }wg fg`me wvoho{mptg dle we joe slhvodl( ofglhaodl( ilpmh y

gtvvodl .Vwimt)Tgpem( =??0/% Hwgal( dle hm fgtoevgapmdoe smwhmvoem fgh

Oetvovwvl Dw`mel fg Mpvgt g Oefwtvpom Doegimvlapjodmt .ODMOD/ y gh emdoiogevl

fg hm Ewgzm Vplzm smpm =?14( hm Dmtm fg hm Dwhvwpm ge Dw`m fgjoeo gh dledgsvl

fg Ewgzm Vplzm dlil wem twim gevpg hm zogkm vpmfodoe kwahmpgtdm y hm dmedoe

fgh Nli`pg Ewgzl% Smpm gevledgt tg nm`me pgmho{mfl zmpolt gedwgevplt

oevgpemdolemhgt mwtsodomflt slp hm Dmtm fg hmt Mipodmt%

Flt mlt fgtswt fgh Spoigp Gedwgevpl Oevgpemdolemh fg hm Dmedoe

Splvgtvm tg pgmho{ ge Dnohg gh Spoigp Jgtvozmh fg Ewgzm Dmedoe .=?:?/% Ge

dledliovmedom dle gh Spoigp Gedwgevpl ge Dw`m( Zolhgvm Smppm y Zdvlp Kmpm ym

ofgevojodm`me ge gtvm Ewgzm Dmedoe we zedwhl gevpg hm itodm vpmfodolemh

jlhbhpodm y wem hgvpm ilfgpem% Gtvm dmedoe oevgedolemfm vgem dlil joe "sghgmp"

dlevpm gh ilelslhol fg hm itodm dligpdomh }wg splzgem fg Gtvmflt Weoflt ge

we gtjwgp{l slp pgmh{mp hm splsom ofgevofmf( mt dlil "dledogedomp" slhvodmigevg

hm fgtzgevmkm gdleiodm }wg zozme hlt smtgt hmvoelmigpodmelt% Fg gtvm imegpm(

hm Ewgzm Dmedoe Hmvoelmigpodmem dpgm wem pwsvwpm dle hlt vpioelt "dhtodl" y

"slswhmp" }wg nm`me fgjoeofl hm itodm nmtvm gevledgt .Vwimt)Tgpem =??0/% Slp

lvpl hmfl tw mwvlagtvoe y lpameo{mdoe fotdoshoemfm hg sgpiovo fgtswevmp y

pgtslefgp m hm itodm slswhmp "dligpdomh" dlevpm hm }wg tg gejpgevm`m% Fodg

Klpag Igfoem .=??1/;


34/220



46

Ge iwdnmt oetvmedomt Rhm ewgzm dmedoeY jlpi smpvg fg we spldgtl

agegpmh fg fgtmpplhhl fg hm itodm slswhmp y gt gtvm hm gtjgpm mhpgfgflp fg

hm dwmh tg ilzoho{m% El l`tvmevg( to pgtsgvmilt hm dlishgkofmf fg twt

lpagegt fopmilt }wg vmi`oe ldwppo dlil wem mhvgpemvozm iwtodmh }wg

mhawemt zgdgt wvoho{ hlt iotilt igfolt fg fojwtoe fg hm itodm slswhmp

ge agegpmh% Sgpl hl oislpvmevg tgmhmp gt }wg hm "ewgzm dmedoe" ewedm

gtvwzl fgvgpioemfm slp hm gtvpwdvwpm vpmfodolemh fg fojwtoe y vpmkl

dletoal twt splsomt jlpimt fg g~spgtoe y tg twsho togispg fg twt

splsolt oetwilt vgivodlt% It me( fopmilt }wg fgsgefo fg hm

oezgedoe fg twt splsomt jlpimt fg fojwtoe }wg dlppme smpmhghmt dle hlt

igfolt vpmfodolemhgt% Hm shm{m s`hodm( gh dgevpl fg vpm`mkl( hlt dgevplt fg

gfwdmdoe y hmt sgmt y hmt dmhhgt ge agegpmh jwgple hlt ewgzlt igfolt fg

g~spgtoe fg gtvg ilzoiogevl% .s% 4/

Ge =?>= tg fol ge Eodmpmawm? gh hvoil apme gedwgevpl oevgpemdolemh fg hm

Ewgzm Dmedoe y hm Ewgzm Vplzm m pm{ fgh vpowejl fg hlt tmefoeotvmt% Smpm

gevledgt gtvg ilzoiogevl nm`m hlapmfl gh dpgdoiogevl fg wem "dledogedom" fg

lpawhhl veodl mh vogisl }wg tg mwvlspldhmim`m mevo)ghovotvm y mevo)gwpldevpodm

.Vwimt)Tgpem( =??0/2 mfgit( gtvm`m togefl mvpmzgtmfl slp we fotdwptl tldomhotvm

y fg kwtvodom tldomh%

?Awovmppm Mpimfm( Apga Hmefmw .=???/%


35/220


36/220



4:

splvgtvm y }wogegt hm splfwdme gpme we dleahligpmfl fg mpvotvmt }wg tg

spgtgevm`me ge hlt dmj vgmvplt fg Pl Sogfpmt( Tmevwpdg y Zogkl Tme Kwme y dwyl

fgelioemflp dlie smpgdm tgp we gtdgempol `lngiol y weozgptovmpol dle wem

impdmfm toismvm slp hm oefgsgefgedom% Fodg Jgpemefl Sod tl pg gtvm sldm;

_l gisgd m getgmp ge Pl Sogfpmt ge =?10% RY Hlt mfioeotvpmflpgt

smpgdme mpdeaghgt( igetmkgplt fg wem aeltot dghgtvg( }wg nmdme pg`ghfgt

fg m}wghhlt }wg fwfmpme fg tw oislpvmedom% Thl ge gh gtvwfomevmfl wel

slfm pgdleldgp fg oeigfomvl gh sgpgdgfgpl `mppl nwimel; )_m el gt

dlil mevgt( ig fgdm apmzgigevg mhae dlhgam2 tle fgimtomflt( el vogege

hm dnotsm( tle imtm% RYnm`m flt smhm`pmt }wg pgdwppme; gh aoamevotil

y hm slhovo{mdoe% Hm weozgptofmf nm`m dpgdofl fgimtomfl psofmigevg2 gh

mje fg m`pophg hmt swgpvmt mh swg`hl( fg fgkmp fg tgp wem weozgptofmf

ghovotvm( nm`m ngdnl splhojgpmp hlt splapmimt( hmt dvgfpmt( hm `wpldpmdom;

ym wel el slfm tgevmptg m nm`hmp fg Lpvgam y Amttgv dle gh pgdvlp% _ slp

lvpl hmfl( hm tgpsogevg slhvodm tg nm`m fgtho{mfl fgevpl fg hlt spgfolt(

tletmdmefl m hlt kzgegt dmvgfpvodlt( gejg`pgdofl hmt oevghoagedomt

oeagewmt fg gtvwfomevgt fg swg`hlt dno}wovlt% .Fm{ ]wolegt( =?>0/


37/220


38/220



4>

Dle tw shmevgmiogevl fg zmeawmpfom smvpovodm( gh ISO gevpm ge we

spldgtl fg mdgpdmptg m hmt jlpimt lpameo{mvozmt fgh smpvofl hgeoeotvm(

lpogevmdoe }wg tg jlpvmhgdg mh mtwiop hm dpvodm y hm mwvldpvodm dlil

igdmeotilt fg g~mige oevgpel y pgdvojodmdoe% Tle hlt spoigplt smtlt

oefotsgetm`hgt ge gh dmioel fg mjoemp wem dledgsdoe fg smpvofl }wg thl

mjhlpm mlt fgtswt% .s%4:/%

Gh pgdleldoiogevl fg }wg hm hwdnm slp hm oefgsgefgedom fg`m hhgzmptg m

dm`l dle wem dlishgkofmf lpameo{mvozm y fgtfg wem iwhvoshodofmf fg jpgevgt

.Imvvlt Doevpe =?1>/2 gh fgtmpplhhl fg we dlekwevl fg hfgpgt y el fg wel tlhl( hm

shmeojodmdoe fg we vpm`mkl sgptotvgevg y dlhgdvozl( it( gh fgtmpplhhl fg wem

dledogedom fg tlhofmpofmf oevgpemdolemh nmdge slto`hg( tgae Imvvlt Doevpe( }wg

ge =?1= tg jwefg gh Smpvofl Tldomhotvm Swgpvlppo}wgl% M tw zg{( gh smpvofl(

gedmwtm ihvoshgt splygdvlt dlhgdvozlt y dllsgpmvozlt( dlil hl jwg gh tghhl

fotdlapjodl Fotdl Ho`pg%

Ge hm Mhvgpemvozm Tldomhotvm( tg swgfg gedlevpmp ge gh dmsvwhl OZ )Gh

Totvgim Pgspgtozl) fg hm Spoigpm Smpvg .s%?? ) =3=/( gh tw`vvwhl; Ofglhlam(

Igfolt fg Dliweodmdoe fg Imtmt y Pgspgtoe% Mhh tg shmevgme hlt ghgigevlt

dletvovwvozlt }wg jlpime smpvg fg hm ofglhlam; "Hm pghoaoe( hm dwhvwpm ge tw

tgevofl mishol( gh mpvg( hm hovgpmvwpm( hm johltljm( hmt vglpmt slhvodmt( gdleiodmt y

tldomhgt( jlpime smpvg fg hm ofglhlam"%


39/220


40/220



63

Rzldgpl fg spgetm fgh STSY y hm giotlpm pmfomh ge splygdvl%".sa%=3=( Hm

Mhvgpemvozm tldomhotvm/

Wel fg hlt apmefgt dmi`olt }wg spgtgevm hm vgtot fg =?16 fgh STS( jpgevg m

tw spgfgdgtlpm .Hm Nlpm fg hm Oefgsgefgedom==/ gt }wg( dlil fodg Imvvlt

Doevpe .=?1>/( gtvm hvoim slem gh sgtl fg fgdotoe tl`pg gh tvmvwt slhvodl( ge gh

Dleapgtl fg hlt Gtvmflt Weoflt% Hm Mhvgpemvozm Tldomhotvm( ge dmi`ol( mdgevm hm

egdgtofmf fg hhgzmp m dm`l wem fgdotoe weohmvgpmh( "l tgm( slegp gh sgtl fg hm

fgdotoe ge Swgpvl Podl%" Vlimefl ge dwgevm }wg Swgpvl Podl( dlil dlhleom( gpm

dhmzg smpm gh fgtmpplhhl gdleiodl y iohovmp fg Gtvmflt Weoflt( el smpgdm

gedlevpmptg lvpm tmhofm }wg gh dlezgedoiogevl fgh swg`hl swgpvlppo}wgl m vpmzt

fg hm "dledogevo{mdoe" wvoho{mefl igfolt fg fojwtoe mhvgpelt m hlt dlevplhmflt

slp gh Gtvmfl y hm `wpawgtm%

Hm vgtot fg =?16 dledhwm dle gh toawogevg shmevgmiogevl; Smpm dli`mvop

gtg zgpfmfgpl `hl}wgl ofglhaodl( hm dhmtg l`pgpm y tw smpvofl vogege }wg dpgmp

dmemhgt fg dliweodmdoe splsolt( }wg dli`mvme hm ofglhlam dmsovmhotvm)dlhleomh

dle hm dogedom imp~otvm)hgeoeotvm .sa% =3=( Hm Mhvgpemvozm tldomhotvm/%

To smpvoilt fgh twswgtvl fg }wg Fotdl Ho`pg jweao dlil `pm{l dwhvwpmh

fg gtvg splapmim slhvodl( ge hm Ewgzm Dmedoe swgpvlppo}wgm mtlim we oevgpt

slp jlpvmhgdgp gh lpawhhl smvpovodl fmefl gtsgdomh pgtsmhfl m hm itodm jlhbhpodm

== Vgtot fg =?:0 fgh ISO%


41/220



6=

.}wg tg dletofgpm`m mwvevodmigevg swgpvlppo}wgm/ y( slp lvpl hmfl( spgtgevm ge

twt dmedolegt we igetmkg pgzlhwdolempol y fg tlhofmpofmf oevgpemdolemh%

Gh pgmhotil tldomhotvm=0( el smpgdg nm`gp oejhwgedomfl hm Ewgzm Dmedoe

swgpvlppo}wgm% Gh wtl fg hm oplem( mwtgevg ge gh pgmhotil tldomhotvm .Pmjlht(

0333/( gpm wel fg hlt pgdwptlt pgvpodlt wtmflt ge hm Ewgzm Dmedoe }wg m tw zg{

vgefm m shmtimp ge twt hgvpmt wem fltot fg getwgl g oimaoemdoe fg hm smvpom

ho`gpmfm% Hm Ewgzm Dmedoe swgpvlppo}wgm tg fotvoeawm it `oge slp gh wtl fg

pgdwptlt slvodlt%

Dlil gispgtm mfkwevm mh Smpvofl Tldomhotvm( Fotdl Ho`pg tg gtvm`hgdo ge

=?13 y fwp nmtvm =?1:% Twt jwefmflpgt jwgple Ply @plqe y Elgh Ngpeefg{% Gh

tghhl fot}wgpl splfwkl we vlvmh fg => apm`mdolegt `mkl gh hgim "Fotdl Ho`pg gt

Dwhvwpm" y twt gkgdwvozlt spoedosmhgt jwgple;

=% Pgyemhfl Vlppgt ) Fopgdvlp

0% Ply @plqe ) Gedmpamfl fg Splfwddoe y Splsmamefm

=0 Dlppogevg gtvvodm fgtmpplhhmfm m smpvop fg hm oedwi`gedom fg Klt Tvmhoe dlil Tgdpgvmpol

Agegpmh fgh Smpvofl Dliweotvm tlzovodl% Impdmfl slp wem dpvodm mh mpvg m`tvpmdvl( gh pgmhotil

tlzovodl tg dmpmdvgpo{m`m slp pgspgtgevmp gtvmismt fg hm notvlpom pgzlhwdolempom y gtdgemt fg

vpm`mkl% Fgtswt fg hm iwgpvg fg Tvmhoe hm Weoe Tlzovodm tg m`po m lvpmt dlppogevgt gtvvodmt

.Qllft 0333( Qllft 033=( @hwefge .vpmetdp%/ =?04( Dwhhgpeg @lqe =??=( @pllbt Ldv% =??1( Tnwhgp

Ldv% 033=/%


42/220



60

4% Klt Z{}wg{ ) Gedmpamfl fg Fotvpo`wdoe=4

El l`tvmevg smpm nm`hmp fg Fotdl Ho`pg gt spgdotl nmdgp pgjgpgedom mh

apwsl Vmle y twt oevgapmevgt% M dlevoewmdoe oedhwyl we vg~vl fg Klpag N%

Igfoem }wg g~shodm igklp hlt dlioge{lt fg gtvg dlhgdvozl y }wg pgtwig

oejlpimdoe zgpojodmfm ge fldwigevlt sgpolftvodlt fg hm sldm .Jghodomel *

Jhlpgt( imyl =?>:2 Toe mwvlp( jg`pgpl =?172 Ampdm Pmiot( =?10/;

Mwe}wg ym ge gh :> y :? vmevl Ply R@plqeY dlil Elgh RNgpeefg{Y

dmevm`me tw itodm gevpg mioalt y ge hlt zgtv`whlt weozgptovmpolt( el gt

toel nmtvm gh igt fg kweol fgh ml =?13 }wg hm spgetm pgtgm slp spoigpm

zg{ hm spgtgedom fg flt oevpspgvgt fg hm dmedoe splvgtvm( Ply @plqe y

Elgh Ngpeefg{( ge wem Mtmi`hgm smpm mdlpfmp wem dmismm fg

pgtdmvg fg hmt shmymt smpm gh swg`hl% Fgtfg gtg iligevl ge mfghmevg

}wgfm mishomigevg fldwigevmfm hm spgtgedom fg gtg gigpagevg

ilzoiogevl iwtodmh ge hm spgetm oefgsgefgevotvm fgh smt% Tw gtsmdol fg

splygddoe s`hodm hl tgpe hmt dmhhgt( hmt shm{mt s`hodmt( hlt dgevplt

gfwdmvozlt( l`pgplt y dwhvwpmhgt( y hlt dmj)vgmvplt% Ge tgsvogi`pg fg

=?13 tg lpameo{m mhpgfgflp fg hmt joawpmt fg Ply y Elgh gh Apme Jgtvozmh

fg Dmedolegt fg Splvgtvm( ge hm WSP% Gtg iotil igt Ply @plqe hme{m mh

=4 Vlimfl fg gevpgzotvm ghgdvpeodm m Klpag N% Igfoem( hldwvlp fg Dmevmp Mipodm slp Pmfol

Weozgptofmf fg Swgpvl Podl gh =3 fg tgsvogi`pg fg 0334%


43/220



64

igpdmfl gh HS _l Splvgtvl .Fotdl Ho`pg ) 33=/ }wg oedhwyg hlt vgimt

Ilee y Itvgp dle Imdmem% We imael gzgevl `mkl gh vvwhl fg

Tgimem fg hm Dmedoe fgh Swg`hl ge Tmhwfl mh Apovl fg Hmpgt tg hhgzm m

gjgdvl ge tgsvogi`pg fg =?1= ge gh fgtmsmpgdofl Vgmvpl Dlls)Mpvg fg

@mppol L`pgpl( dle hm smpvodosmdoe fg Ply( Elgh( Egjve Ale{hg{(

Mevleol Dmè Zmhg( Sgsg y Jhlpm( Kmoig Pwo{ Gtdl`mp( Ioawgh M% Twpg{

y Tweo Sm{ ge pgspgtgevmdoe fgh ewgzl dmedolegpl mpagevoel% Vlflt gtvlt

gtjwgp{lt fg apwslt g oefozofwlt }wgfme mpvodwhmflt ge elzogi`pg fg gtg

iotil ml dle hm jwefmdoe fgh Apwsl Vmle }wg mfgit fg Ply( Elgh(

Gh Vlsl( Sgsg( Jhlpm y Egjve pgege ge gh dlhgdvozl m Mefpt Koieg{ Gh

K`mpl y Dmphlt Hl{mfm .Igfoem( sa% 6/

Fg dogpvm imegpm( Fotdl Ho`pg ge Swgpvl Podl zoel m tgp hl }wg jwg hm

ODMOD ge Dw`m% Gh pgtwhvmfl jwg smpgdofl( dlil òge pgdlag Ampdm)Pmiot

.=?10/ ge tw gevpgzotvm mh apwsl ge tw mpvdwhl vovwhmfl;Mpvotvmt }wg el dlisovge

slp hhgamp mh swg`hl; Vmle% Ge gtvm gevpgzotvm twt oevgapmevgt imeojogtvme dil

vpm`mkmp slp we iotil dlispliotl "Gh gtsgdvdwhl RY vogeg dmedolegt ewgzmt2

mhawemt hmt dmevmilt dmfm wel tlhl( y( lvpmt m dlpl( sgpl hl }wg tg fgtspgefg mh

s`hodl gt }wg tlilt wem weofmf( wem dlhgdvozofmf%".sa%67/% Fg oawmh jlpim( gh

dmevmwvlp Tohzol Plfpawg{ mh nm`hmp tl`pg gh dmiòl }wg hg splzld gh ODMOD mh

tmhop fgh iòvl vplzmflpgtdl oefozofwmh smpm vpm`mkmp dlhgdvozmigevg( fodg }wg


44/220



66

vgegp }wg dletwhvmp tw dlisltodoe dle gh apwsl y lvplt itodlt el "ig nm

fgtsgptlemho{mfl2 sgpl t ig nm fgtoefozofwmho{mfl" .Dmtmwt * Elawgpmt( =??3/%

Fg m}w tg fgtspgefg( mh igelt pgvpodmigevg( wem mvitjgpm fg iwvwmhotil

}wg vpmtdgefm hmt `mppgpmt emdolemhgt% Pgtsgdvl m hm iotoe }wg zgme fg tw

splsom itodm Vmle fgdm .Ampdm)Pmiot =?10/;

Ewgtvpm dmedoe gt dlispligvofm y gt swgpvlppo}wgm% Wem fg hmt jlpimt

gjodmdgt fg mapgtoe dwhvwpmh fg we smt slfgpltl dlevpm lvpl gt nmdgphg

sgetmp m gtg smt }wg twt imeojgtvmdolegt mpvtvodmt el vogege zmhlp% M}w

tg nm ngdnl gtl dle hm itodm slswhmp% Hm agevg dlil }wg tg mzgpage{m

fg lphm slp}wg sogetme }wg gh pldb migpodmel gt igklp% Tg togevge

oejgpolpgt gtdwdnmefl tw itodm .sa%67/%

Pgtsgdvl m hm itodm pmfol)fojwefofm=6 fodge;

Hlt fotd kldbgyt jlpime gh awtvl( el gh s`hodl( m ghhlt hg smame slp slegp

dogpvmt dmedolegt y hwgal vlfl gh iwefl fodg }wg nm awtvmfl vmevl }wg nm

zgefofl )el gt dogpvl( vlflt hm dlispme slp el tgevoptg jwgpm fg hl }wg hg

fodge gtv fg ilfm .sa%67/%

=6Vme vgispmel dlil ge =?10 hlt iogi`plt fg Vmle gtvm`me hhmimefl hm mvgedoe tl`pg gh

tl`lpel m hlt splfwdvlpgt fg splapmimt pmfomhgt slp smpvg fg hmt dmtmt fot}wgpmt% Nly slp nly

gtvm mdvozofmf .smylhm/ gt wem dletm`ofm spdvodm ohdovm ge gh egaldol fg hm itodm }wg vogeg

dlil joe sltodolemp spozohgaomfmigevg we dlpvg iwtodmh ge hlt efodgt fg mwfogedom%


45/220



67

Dlil fodg Klpag Igfoem .0333/; "Hm jwefmdoe fgh Apwsl Vmle ge

elzogi`pg fgh ml =?1= impdm( jlpimhigevg( gh oeodol fg we ilzoiogevl fg hm

Ewgzm Dmedoe Swgpvlppo}wgm mpvodwhmfl( dle pmtalt y sgptlemhofmf splsom

fgevpl fgh dlevg~vl fg we jgeigel iwtodmh hmvoelmigpodmel fg gezgpamfwpm"

.s% =/%

Ply @plqe( Elgh Ngpeefg{( Mefpt Koieg{( Jhlpm Tmevomal Pozgpm( Klt

.Sgsg/ Tedng{ Zhg{( Mevleol Dm`e Zmhg .Gh Vlsl/( Dmphlt Hl{mfm2 y( hlt

itodlt Dw}wo Hwal( Ngpeog Iopmefm( Jgpemefl Pozgpm( Ilfgtvl Pltmfl( Nmppy

Vlppgt y Klt Ale{hg{ jwgple smpvg fgh dlishgkl splygdvl dwhvwpmh }wg oedhwm m

Fotdl Ho`pg dlil dlismm fg splfwddoe y fotvpo`wdoe fg fotdlt% Toe

gi`mpal( gtvg splygdvl mishol vmi`oe oedhwm "splfwdvlpmt oefgsgefogevgt fg

gtsgdvdwhlt( vogefmt fg ho`plt y fotdlt .Hm Vgpvwhom( Ho`pgpm Swgpvl Podl/(

gtsmdolt pmfomhgt .Dmevl Ho`pg/( sw`hodmdolegt .Dmevl Ho`pg/( hm mfioeotvpmdoe fg

dmj)vgmvplt .Hm Vmnlem( Hm Vgm/( y lpameo{mdolegt dzodmt y slhvodmt .ISO( JWSO(

STS( SOS/ }wg tg dlezopvogple ge hlt ewgzlt igfolt fg fojwtoe slp flefg

vpmetovmple hlt iogi`plt fgh ewgzl ilzoiogevl".Igfoem 0333/%


46/220



6:

DMSVWHL OO; IGVLFLHLAM

Vpmim vgpodm y dledgsvwmh

Gtvg vpm`mkl fg oezgtvoamdoe vogeg zmpomt shmvmjlpimt vgpodmt% Slp we

hmfl( gt oispgtdoefo`hg pgdleldgp hm mslpvmdoe fgh imp~otil( ge hm tldolhlam y

hm mevplslhlam( }wg gtvm`hgdg pghmdolegt fg oejhwgedom gevpg hm dwhvwpm( hm slhvodm

y hm gdlelim% Hm Gtdwghm fg Jpmedjlpv dle hm Vglpm Dpvodm fg Vnglflp Mflpel

y Im~ Nlpbngoiigp dletvovwy wem gzlhwdoe oispgtdoefo`hg smpm gh

emdoiogevl fg hm Oefwtvpom Dwhvwpmh dlil l`kgvl fg gtvwfol% Gtvg vpm`mkl tg

mismpm ge fodnl dledgsvl smpm nmdgp wem oezgtvoamdoe ge gh vgppgel fg hm

Oefwtvpom Dwhvwpmh( ge vmevl Fotdl Ho`pg( dlil tghhl fot}wgpl( shmevgm`m wem

pwsvwpm dle tghhlt spozmflt%

El l`tvmevg( fojdohigevg gtvg vpm`mkl swgfg fgjoeoptg dlil imp~otvm l

Jpmedjwpvomel% To òge gt oislto`hg egamp hmt mslpvmdolegt fg hm Gtdwghm fg

Jpmedjlpv mh gtvwfol fg hmt oefwtvpomt iwtodmhgt( elt fotvmedomilt fg tw

vgefgedom m òempo{mp hm splfwddoe iwtodmh y tmvmeo{mp hl imtozl%

Fotdl Ho`pg tg agegpm ge wem dlywevwpm notvpodm shmamfm fg dmiòlt y

vpmetjlpimdolegt% Fothldmdolegt tldol)dwhvwpmhgt }wg( slp tw jpmaigevmdoe(

nmdge oislto`hg gh mehotot fg hmt imeojgtvmdolegt dwhvwpmhgt fgtfg lsltodolegt

jokmt g oemilzo`hgt dlil hl tle hm itodm slswhmp y hm itodm dhtodm2 hmt dhmtgt

`wpawgtmt y hm hmt dhmtgt splhgvmpomt%


47/220



61

Gh ml =?:> jwg we al{eg( wem dlywevwpm fg fgtshm{miogevlt vplslhaodlt

ge vlfl gh iwefl% Swgpvl Podl el jwg hm g~dgsdoe% Hl slhvodl( dlil hgeawmkg(

g~sgpoigevm jpmaigevmdolegt( l dlil fopm Hmdhmw .0330/ wem shwpmhofmf fg

fothldmdolegt% Hlt fotdwptlt mevmaeodlt dlil slp gkgishl hmt hwdnmt veodmt(

"pmdomhgt"( dmisgtoemt y l`pgpmt( vme ge `lam ge gh =?:>( gkgishojodme

fothldmdolegt plvwefmt% Hmdhmw sogetm .gevpg vmevlt lvplt/ }wg hm dhmtg l`pgpm(

dlil tgdvlp fgdhoemevg fg vlfmt hmt tldogfmfgt lddofgevmhgt y sgpojpodmt

.gtsgdomhigevg fgtswt fgh !:>/( sogpfg jwgp{m mevmaeodm% To oetgpvmilt gtvg

mehotot m hm vpmygdvlpom slhvodm fg Fotdl Ho`pg( ig pgtwhvm dlezoedgevg sgetmp

}wg hm fgtmsmpodoe fgh splygdvl pgtslefm m wem iwfme{m l fgtshm{miogevl

pgvpodl pgtwhvmfl fg wem mvgisgpmdoe m hm pgmhofmf slhvodm% ]wo{ hm mflsdoe

fgh imp~otil)hgeoeotil slp gh STS tg fol ge iligevlt ge }wg dlige{m`m m

dwgtvolemptg jwgpvgigevg slp lvpmt vgefgedomt fg hm iotim O{}wogpfm% Smpm

mhawelt( gtvm vglpm slhvodm( tg zlhzo oegjodm{ smpm g~shodmp dle twjodogedom hmt

ewgzmt pgmhofmfgt%

Toawogefl m Hmdhmw( thl gh "pgdleldoiogevl fg wem ngvgplagegofmf

dletvovwvozm fg hlt twkgvlt slhvodlt" .Hmdhmw 0330/ swgfg msghmp m hmt

fothldmdolegt fg wem ngvgplaegm pgmhofmf swgpvlppo}wgm% ]wo{ hm spolpofmf

vgivodm }wg oiswtl gh STS tl`pg Fotdl Ho`pg el jwg hl twjodogevgigevg m`ogpvm

smpm msghmp m hmt oe}wogvwfgt dlvofomemt fg twt dmevmwvlpgt( y tvlt vgpioemple


48/220



6>

feflhg joe mh splygdvl slp tgevoptg dgetwpmflt% Toe gi`mpal( Fotdl Ho`pg fwp

doedl .7/ mlt mspl~oimfmigevg% Dlil mpvotvm gt oislto hg tltvgegp slp igfom

fdmfm wem pghmdoe johomh dle we smpvofl slhvodl to el tg dliwham l dleageom dle

tvg% Slp gefg( gh fotdwptl fgh smpvofl( msmpgevgigevg( t hlap msghmp y

ngagileo{mp=7 gh gkg vgivodl ge hmt dmedolegt fg gtvlt mpvotvmt% Gtvl }wogpg fgdop

}wg ge mhae iligevl hm hegm slhvodm fgh smpvofl mdlao ge tw tgel wemt

fothldmdolegt .l`pgpmt( toefodmhgt( gtvwfomevohgt g oefgsgefgevotvmt/ }wg

oevgpsghmple( el thl m mpvotvmt( toel vmi`oe m we s`hodl% Ig zmhal fg dogpvlt

gkgt dledgsvwmhgt smpm mdgpdmpig mh jgeigel Fotdl Ho`pg fg jlpim vmh }wg

swgfm dmho`pmp hm dlishgkofmf fg tw fotdwptl%

Slhvodmt dwhvwpmhgt; Wvoho{l ge hm oezgtvoamdoe gh vpioel slhvodm dwhvwpmh

ge tw mdgsdoe it mishom% Mwe}wg hl it dlie gt l`tgpzmp gtvg dledgsvl ge

pgjgpgedom m slhvodmt hgaothmvozmt fg imelt fgh Gtvmfl( ng mflsvmfl hm fgjoeodoe

ljpgdofm slp Mem Impm Ldnlm Amwvogp .0334/ }wg fgjoeg dlil slhvodm dwhvwpmh;

"hm ilzoho{mdoe fg hm dwhvwpm hhgzmfm m dm`l slp fojgpgevgt voslt fg

magevgt )gh gtvmfl( hlt ilzoiogevlt tldomhgt( hmt oefwtvpomt dwhvwpmhgt(

oetvovwdolegt vmhgt dlil iwtglt w lpameo{mdolegt vwptvodmt( mtldomdolegt

fg mpvotvmt y lvplt) dle joegt fg vpmetjlpimdoe gtvvodm( lpameo{mdolemh(

slhvodm( gdleiodm y,l tldomh".sa% >/%

=7 Mefpgq Elppot .0330/ hg mftdpo`g m ngagilem tw mdgsdoe gvoilhaodm; hofgpgmp%


49/220



6?

Fg gtvm imegpm hm slhvodm dwhvwpmh tg dletvovwyg dlil slpvmflpm fg

tgevofl fotdwptozl% Fg oawmh jlpim tg dmpmdvgpo{m slp tgp agegpmflpm fg vg~vlt

dlil hgygt( pgahmigevlt( imeojogtvlt( dmvhlalt l fotdlapmjmt% Hm slhvodm

dwhvwpmh vogeg hm dmsmdofmf fg mjgdvmp vlfl gh dmisl fg splfwddoe toi`hodm y ge

gtvg dmtl }wogpl spgtvmp gtsgdomh oevgpt tl`pg hm splfwddoe iwtodmh%

Ldnlm zg ge hmt slhvodmt dwhvwpmhgt hl }wg Jlwdmwhv hhmim`m "vgdelhlamt

fg ofgevofmf"% Gt fgdop( "fotdwptlt=: y spdvodmt }wg fgvgpioeme hlt smpigvplt

dwhvwpmhgt fg zmhofmdoe fgh twkgvl ge hm tldogfmf" .Ldnlm 0334( sa% >/% Gh zmhlp

fg dlevplh }wg tg mfzogpvg ge hmt slhvodmt dwhvwpmhgt smpvg fg we pgdleldoiogevl

fgh mpvg dlil oetvpwigevl% Gt egdgtmpol dpgmp slhvodmt dwhvwpmhgt smpm }wg gh

mpvg tgm fopoaofl m pgtvm`hgdgp gh vgkofl tldomh ge tovwmdolegt fg dpotot% Mem Impm

Ldnlm g~shodm }wg gh zmhlp pgdvlp fg hm slhvodm dwhvwpmh msghm m mhae vosl fg

foigetoe lpameo{mvozm }wg tg dletvovwyg m joe fg vpmetjlpimp dwhvwpmh y,l tldol)

slhvodmigevg%

Fotdwptl; Gpegtvl Hmdhmw .0330/ tgmhm }wg gh fotdwptl gt "vlfm mddoe

slpvmflpm fg tgevofl" y }wg "vlfm oetvmedom fotdwptozm tg dletvovwyg togispg m

=: Smpm Hmdhmw( eozgh hoeatvodl y g~vpmhoeawtvodl fg hm dliweodmdoe% .0337( s%~oo/ Smpm Jlwdmwhv(

gh fotdwptl gt vglpm y spdvodm fg we dleldoiogevl2 dil hlt tgpgt nwimelt tg sgpdo`ge m t

iotilt m vpmzt fg wemt pghmdolegt fg slfgp .Ge Nmhh( =??1( s%66/%


50/220



73

vpmzt fg fgtshm{miogevlt vplslhaodlt" .s%47?/% Slp tw smpvg( Tvwmpv Nmhh .=??1/

g~shodm }wg Jlwdmwhv gevogefg gh fotdwptl fg hm toawogevg jlpim; "dil hlt tgpgt

nwimelt dpgme toaeojodmfl m vpmzt fgh hgeawmkg" .sa% 4:=/% Gtvm fgjoeodoe }wg

splzgg Nmhh .0333/ tgdwefm hm eldoe fg Hmdhmw( gevgefogefl }wg gh hgeawmkg

smpm Jlwdmwhv gt we spldgtl fg pgspgtgevmdoe% Sgpl mftdpoòphg mh hgeawmkg gh

dmhojodmvozlspldgtl pgmjopim tw dmpdvgp fg spdvodm% Gh fotdwptl fg`g tgp

gevgefofl dlil vlfm hm apmivodm }wg alògpem hmt pghmdolegt gevpg hlt toaelt y

dwylt dmpmdvgpgt tg ewvpge fgh mdgpzl fg spdvodmt }wg hg mdlismme( tgdwefme y

fgjoege% Fg gtvm jlpim vpmtdgefgilt tw toaeojodmfl gtvpodvmigevg hoeatvodl .hm

dliòemdoe fg gtdpovwpm y nm`hm/ smpm gevgefgp fotdwptl dlil we totvgim fg

pgspgtgevmdoe }wg dle twt pgahmt y spdvodmt splfwdg gewedomflt }wg tg

mwvlppgawhme y }wg gtve medhmflt notvpodmigevg .s%66( Nmhh/% Dmfm smhm`pm

tltvogeg we zedwhl dle wem l zmpomt spdvodmt% Ge hm igfofm ge }wg wem smhm`pm

dlioge{m m tgp zoedwhmfm m wem ewgzm spdvodm( hm smhm`pm ge dwgtvoe twjpg we

fgtshm{miogevl vplslhaodl y dmiòm tw tgevofl% Mt( fgsgefogefl fgh dlevg~vl(

we {msmvl fgslpvozl .ge wem vogefm y we {msmvl fgslpvozl dlhamfl fgh vgefofl

ghdvpodl/ nmdge pgjgpgedom m fotvoevlt gzgevlt fotdwptozlt% Gh iotil {msmvl

mpvodwhm wemt pghmdolegt tgiovodmt ge wem dmednm fg `mhledgtvl iwy fotvoevmt m

hmt }wg gtvm`hgdg fgevpl fg wem dmkm fg pgamhlt ge hmt jgtvozofmfgt emzofgmt% Mt

gt dlil hlt mdvlt g~vpmhoeatvodlt jweage dlil we spldgtl fg pgspgtgevmdoe%


51/220



7=

Fg oawmh jlpim( ge gh fotdwptl tg fotwghzg hm vsodm fotvoedoe gevpg spdvodm y

gewedomfl% M}w hm spdvodm y gh gewedomfl dpgme tgevofl ge tw dlekwevl y

fgjoege hmt pghmdolegt gevpg hlt ghgigevlt }wg tg wòdme fgevpl fg we iotil

dlevg~vl% Hmdhmw .ge Tvmzpmbmbot s%73( =???/ fgjoeg gtvm jwgp{m fg mpvodwhmdoe

dlil vlfm spdvodm }wg gtvm`hgdg wem pghmdoe vmh gevpg ghgigevlt( }wg hm

ofgevofmf fg tvlt pgtwhvm ilfojodmfm dlil pgtwhvmfl fg gtm spdvodm% M hm

vlvmhofmf gtvpwdvwpmfm pgtwhvmevg fg hm spdvodm mpvodwhmvlpom hm hhmimpgilt

fotdwptl%

Fothldmdoe; Hmt jlpimdolegt fotdwptozmt tle foeiodmt% Mt dlil g~otvge

jwgp{mt mpvodwhmflpmt fgh tgevofl fotdwptozl vmiòe vgegilt dmiòl y

fothldmdoe% Hm fothldmdoe gt swgt( we iligevl fg mevmaleotil fotdwptozl }wg

fgòhovm smpmfoaimt nmtvm gevledgt mdgsvmflt .Hmdhmw 0330/2 wem pwsvwpm fg we

smpmfoaim flioemevg }wg pgawhm hmt pghmdolegt ge we apwsl tldomh y tw gevlpel%

G~shodme famp Ale{hg{ Amwfomel y Am`pogh Ampdm Mymhm;

Gh dledgsvl fg fothldmdoe gt dhmzg smpm dlispgefgp gh vg~vl( RY(

toawogefl m Hmdhmw( vlfm ofgevofmf gt fothldmfm ge hm igfofm ge }wg

fgsgefg fg we g~vgpolp }wg( m hm zg{ }wg hm eogam( gt tw dlefodoe fg

sltoòhofmf% Dwmevl it fothldmfm tgm hm gtvpwdvwpm( vmevl it tg

g~smefop gh dmisl fg hmt fgdotolegt el fgvgpioemfmt slp ghhm% Mt( gh

gjgdvl fg hm fothldmdoe fg hm gtvpwdvwpm tgp hm pgdlisltodoe fg hm iotim


52/220



70

ge jwedoe fg hmt fozgptmt jwgp{mt mevmaeodmt( ge vlpel m swevlt elfmhgt

fg mpvodwhmdoe spgdotlt( slp hl }wg ge wem gtvpwdvwpm fothldmfm ge hl

tldomh twpag hm slto`ohofmf fg dgevplt fg slfgp% .Tvmzpmbmbot =???( s%6?/

Gt gevledgt dwmefl twpage ofglhlamt slhvodmt }wg oevgevme fmp

pgtswgtvmt ngagieodmigevg mvpmdvozmt smpm vlfmt hmt fothldmdolegt tldomhgt

.s%61( Tvmzpmbmbot =???/% M}w gt flefg gevpm gh fgtshm{miogevl vplslhaodl

splzldmefl wem jpmaigevmdoe fgh fotdwptl%


53/220



74

L`kgvozlt fg hm oezgtvoamdoe

L`kgvozl spoedosmh

Gtvwfomp hmt fothldmdolegt( fotdwptlt y slhvodmt dwhvwpmhgt mpvodwhmfmt

slp gh tghhl fot}wgpl Fotdl Ho`pg fgh Smpvofl Tldomhotvm Swgpvlppo}wgl m

vpmzt fgh mehotot fg wem iwgtvpm fg twt splfwddolegt fotdlapjodmt%

L`kgvozlt gtsgdjodlt

Gtvwfomp gh eozgh fg zoedwhmdoe fotdwptozm gevpg gh STS y Fotdl

Ho`pg%

Fgjoeop hmt dpvodmt }wg sltvwhm`m Fotdl Ho`pg m hmt oefwtvpomt

dwhvwpmhgt%

Ofgevojodmp hlt splygdvlt dwhvwpmhgt( l fg lvpm eflhg( }wg topzogple

dlil ilfghl g oetsopmdoe smpm Fotdl Ho`pg2 ofgevojodmp hm

g~otvgedom fg splygdvlt toiohmpgt }wg g~otvogpme smpmhghmigevg l

dlil spgdgfgevg m Fotdl Ho`pg( vmevl fgevpl dlil jwgpm fg Swgpvl

Podl%

Fgjoeop hm gtvpwdvwpm fg jwedolemiogevl fgh tghhl fot}wgpl y hlt

igfolt y pgdwptlt }wg vgem m tw mhdmedg%

Ofgevojodmp fojgpgedomt fg dpovgpolt pgtsgdvl m gtvmt magefmt

slhvodl)dwhvwpmhgt gevpg hm fopgddoe fgh STS y hm fopgddoe fg Fotdl

Ho`pg( l gevpg hlt smpvodosmevgt fgh splygdvl%


54/220



76

Ofgevojodmp tovwmdolegt fg dgetwpm l dgetwpm spgzom( hovgpmpom l

iwtodmh( fg hlt mpvotvmt slp smpvg fgh Gtvmfl l fg hm fopgddoe fgh

STS l Fotdl Ho`pg%

Memho{mp hm vpmetjlpimdoe fotdwptozm ge hm splfwddoe toi`hodm

}wg agegp gh splygdvl dwhvwpmh Fotdl Ho`pg%

Spgawevmt fg oezgtvoamdoe

Dil gh splygdvl dwhvwpmh Fotdl Ho`pg tg dletvovwy ge magedom

splfwdvlpm fg slhvodmt dwhvwpmhgt y dil hm pghmdoe dle gh Smpvofl Tldomhotvm

Swgpvlppo}wgl igfo ge gtvg spldgtl

Hm ofglhlam( fgtfg hm vgefgedom apmitdomem( tg zoedwhm mh spl`hgim fg hm

ngagilem y tw jwedoe gt hm fg hlapmp gh dletgetl smpm fgvgpioemfl splygdvl

ngagieodl .Nmofmp =??>/% Nmy }wg l`tgpzmp }wg Fotdl Ho`pg getmym`m

jwedolegt fg we jwvwpl Ioeotvgpol fg Dwhvwpm `mkl hm Pgs`hodm Fgildpvodm fg

hlt Vpm`mkmflpgt .PFV/ fg Swgpvl Podl%

Pgtsgdvl m hm oevgppghmdoe fg hmt jwedolegt ofglhaodmt y fotdwptozmt

g~shodm Kwhogvm Nmofmp .=??>/ smpmjpmtgmefl m Sgdngw~;

RGY~otvg wem pghmdoe fg fgvgpioemdoe gevpg wem jlpimdoe tldomh( wem

ofglhaodm y wem fotdwptozm% Hmt jlpimdolegt ofglhaodmt dlislpvme(

egdgtmpomigevg( dlil wel fg twt dlislegevgt( wem l iwdnmt

jlpimdolegt fotdwptozmt oevgppghmdolemfmt( }wg fgvgpioeme hl }wg swgfg y

fg`g tgp fodnl m smpvop fg wem sltodoe ge fgvgpioemfm dlywevwpm; tvm gt

hm fgjoeodoe fg hm dmvgalpm dlil gtv pgvlimfm slp gh mehotot fgh

fotdwptl% .s%=01/%

Pgtsgdvl m hmt jlpimdolegt fotdwptozmt dlevoem g~shodmefl;

vlfm jlpimdoe fotdwptozm( dlil spdvodm dlevpmfodvlpom oetdpovm ge

Msmpmvlt fg Ngagilem kgpmp}wo{mflt tgae wem dlywevwpm fgvgpioemfm(

tg dletvovwyg m smpvop fg hmt dletvpoddolegt fg hlt msmpmvlt `mkl hm jlpim fg

we fotsltovozl pgvpodl( fg dfoalt gewedomvozlt( fg gt}wgimt

mpawigevmvozlt% .s%=0>/%


59/220



7?

Vgeogefl ge dwgevm gh plh fg igdgemt }wg fgtgisg gh STS ge gh smtmfl(

ofgevojodmp fotdwptlt oetvovwdolemhgt l dlhgdvozlt .hm dwhvwpm emdolemh( gh igetmkg

pgzlhwdolempol( gevpg lvplt/ y tw oevgpmddoe dle Fotdl Ho`pg% Ig oevgpgtm

mwtdwhvmp hlt mpawigevlt }wg kwtvojodmple gh spldgtl fg tghgddoe fg

splfwddolegt iwtodmhgt% Ge gh mehotot fg hlt fmvlt spgvgefl nmdgp wem hgdvwpm

oevgpspgvmvozm fg dil hm splfwddoe y spdvodm fg slhvodmt dwhvwpmhgt tg

spgtgevm dlil spldgtl fg dletvpwddoe fg we paoige fg zgpfmf .Jlwdmwhv ge

Nmhh( =??1/%

M vpmzt fgh mehotot fg vg~vl y fg vpmetdposdolegt ghm`lpmp wem

vpmygdvlpom tldol)notvpodm fg Fotdl Ho`pg( }wg m tw zg{ vpm{mp hlt spoedosolt fg hm

notvlpom fg hm Ewgzm Dmedoe ge Swgpvl Podl% Spgvgefl ofgevojodmp oetvmedomt fg

pgtotvgedom w lpameo{mdoe gdleiodm mhvgpem m hmt spgzmhgdogevgt ge hm oefwtvpom

iwtodmh fg hm sldm% Fg gtvm jlpim nmal we mdlsol fg hm agtvoe dwhvwpmh fg gtvlt

mpvotvmt y hm imegpm ge dil hlapm`me dlevpmtvmp jpgevg m hmt spoedosmhgt

oetvovwdolegt fg hm oefwtvpom iwtodmh y dwhvwpmh%


60/220



:3

DMSVWHL OOO; HM MP]WGLHLAM FG WE DMVHLAL

We h`wi fotdlapjodl gt we splfwdvl dwhvwpmh y wem igpdmedm% Dlil

dwmh}wogp mpvdwhl fg dletwil( gh vogisl( ge hm imylpm fg hlt dmtlt( hg oispoig

dmfwdofmf y gh splfwdvl vgpioem dlevpo`wygefl mh g~dgtl fg `mtwpm wp`mem% Toe

gi`mpal( ge mhawelt dmtlt gh mgkmiogevl( dlil zmhlp mf}wopofl dle gh vogisl(

vpmetjoawpm m gtvg splfwdvl ge wem sog{m fg g~noòdoe( we vgtlpl smpm hlt

dlhgddoleotvmt }wg( ge mdvovwf spgtgpzmdoleotvm( gtdlefge tw jgvodnotil slp hlt

dmdnozmdngt% Gh g~mige fgh dmvhlal fg Fotdl Ho`pg .FH/ el nwògpm tofl slto`hg

fg el nm`gp pgdoòfl hm mywfm fg lvplt jgvodnotvmt }wg dlil yl( zogple ge tvlt

h`wigt tw zmhlp eltvhaodl g notvpodl%

Gh vpmvmiogevl mh h`wi fotdlapjodl fg Fotdl Ho`pg fg`g dlevgishmp }wg

gtvm gispgtm fgh Smpvofl Tldomhotvm Swgpvlppo}wgl( mwe}wg sltgm dogpvm

oefgsgefgedom dlil dlpslpmdoe mpvtvodm( pgefm dwgevmt mh tgdpgvmpol fg

joeme{mt .Mevleol Am{vmiòfg/ y mh tgdpgvmpol fg splsmamefm y dliweodmdoe

.Imewgh fg K% Ale{hg{/ fgh smpvofl% We fotdl fg Fotdl Ho`pg( it }wg tgp zotvl

dlil we igpl mpvdwhl fg dletwil( gpm dledgòfl dlil wem l`pm fg mpvg dle

zmhlp splsmameftvodl; m zgdgt dle we fotdwptl it l igelt ilpfm{( eltvhaodl(

tgfodoltl( tmvpodl( fgewedomevg( tmpdtvodl( tlhgieg l smejhgvmpol2 sgpl togispg


61/220



:=

ljpgdogefl we impage fg g~sgpoigevmdoe dpgmvozm toe spgdgfgevg00% Gtvl dlejogpg

mh h`wi fotdlapjodl hm dmsmdofmf fg vpmetjlpimptg ge oejlpimdoe smpm

m}wghhlt }wg nwpamilt ge tw notvlpom%

Gh h`wi fotdlapjodl elt nm`hm% Dlil we toevmaim( pgeg iwtgimt04(

voi`pgt iwtodmhgt( foeiodmt fgh povil( zldm`whmpol( sgpl vmiòe ilpjgimt fg

oiagegt .jlpimt ge gh fo`wkl( hm jlvlapmjm y hm dmhoapmjm/( agtvlt dplivodlt y hm

p`podm fg hmt i}woemt fg oispgevm y twt vdeodlt% Dlil dlisohmdoe

lpfgemfm fg vlflt gtvlt toaelt mwfovozlt( zotwmhgt .y m zgdgt lhjmvozlt/( gh h`wi(

ge t iotil y slp t tlhl( elt dliweodm gh vg~vl fg twt splfwdvlpgt mh vogisl }wg

elt fghmvm gh dlevg~vl fg tw splfwddoe%

Mnlpm òge( vplsg{mptg dle vlfl .l apme smpvg fg/ gh dmvhlal fotdlapjodl

fgevpl fg we tghhl fot}wgpl( gt we fgtdw`poiogevl oe tovw06% Gh zmhlp pgzghmflp fg

dmfm splfwddoe mwigevm slp}wg m dmfm h`wi)toevmaim swgfg wòdptghg

fgevpl fg wem dplelhlam fg gzgevlt% Gtvg mdgpzl jlelapjodl dletvovwyg wem

tgdwgedom }wg emppm hlt eozghgt fg vpmetjlpimdoe fgh tghhl fot}wgpl( tw fgzgeop(

00 Hmt gevpgzotvmt pgmho{mfmt m g~ iogi`plt fg Fotdl Ho`pg( dlhm`lpmflpgt y mpvotvmt( pgdmhdme hm

lslpvweofmf }wg tg `poefm`m ge gh splfwdvl smpm hm g~spgtoe dlhgdvozm fg hlt mpvotvmt%

04 Gh iwtodhlal Snohos Vmaa .Smpm }w topzg we iwtgim< 0336/ ofgevojodm dlil iwtgim m hmt

weofmfgt vlemhgt it sg}wgmt dmpamfmt dle tgevofl gildolemh fgevpl fg we weozgptl dwhvwpmh%

06 Ge hm mp}wglhlam( tg hg hhmim fgtdw`poiogevl oe tovw m m}wh }wg tg gedwgevpm fgevpl fgh

dlevg~vl dwhvwpmh fg tw splfwddoe%


62/220



:0

hmt oeelzmdolegt y vpm`mt fg tw i}woem fg splfwddoe% Mfgit( pgzghm hm

gzlhwdoe fg hmt slhvodmt dwhvwpmhgt }wg ilhfgmple hm twdgtoe fg splfwdvlt%

Ge gtvg tgevofl( gh dmvhlal fotdlapjodl fg Fotdl Ho`pg tg elt spgtgevm

dlil wem gtvpmvoapmjm ge hm dlpvg{m fg wem notvlpom }wg swgfg pghmvmpelt hlt

mhwzolegt y tgfoigevmdolegt fg we iligevl notvpodl ge igfol fg we dhoim

slhvodl maovmfl% Gtvm iopmfm gt iwy voh smpm fgvlemp ewgzmt oevgpplamevgt y tg

op nmdogefl it dlishgkm ge dmsvwhlt tw`toawogevgt flefg gh mehotot fg hmt

hgvpmt fg dmedolegt .dlevgeofmt ge gtvlt h`wigt/ mmfop lvpm foigetoe ge gtvm

agegmhlam%


63/220



:4

Ivlfl

Hmt oiagegt fg hlt fotdlt fg Fotdl Ho`pg y gh flttogp sw`hodovmpol

dletvovwyge we igfol smpm hm dmpmdvgpo{mdoe fgh oimaoempol fgh apwsl fg

itodlt y tw oezgtvofwpm dlil dlevpm)joawpm fgh gtsgdvdwhl dligpdomh% Ge hm

`t}wgfm fg we ivlfl smpm gh mehotot fg gtvmt oiagegt fg Fotdl Ho`pg( gt

pgdligefm`hg gdnmp imel fg hm splswgtvm tgiolhaodm fg Plhmef @mpvngt y tw

gtvwfol fg hmt iovlhlamt%

Gh iovl smpm @mpvngt .=?>3/ gt we jpmaigevl fg hm dogedom fg hlt toaelt

ofgmfm slp Tmwtwppg y hhmimfm tgiolhlam% Gtvg totvgim tgiolhaodl el fotvoeawg

gevpg hmt apmjmt fg hgvpmt l sodvpodmt( gh iovl tlhl pgdleldg ge ghhmt wem twim

fg toaelt( we toael ahl`mh( gh vpioel joemh fg wem spoigpm dmfgem tgiolhaodm

.s%037/% Gh iovl gt we toael dliswgtvl( we gtvmfol it dlishgkl }wg gh

hoeatvodl flefg nm`ovm we igetmkg dleelvmfl% Smpm @mpvngt gh iovl pghwdg ge hm

oevgpspgvmdoe fgh igetmkg it mhh fg tw eozgh fgelvmvozl( dwmefl tg mhdme{m we

eozgh g~vgefofl fg oevgpspgvmdoe dwhvwpmh% Toe gi`mpal( nmy }wg elvmp }wg gh mpvg

pgzlhwdolempol el spgvgefg gezomp we igetmkg ivodl( toel vlfl hl dlevpmpol% Elt

g~shodm @mpvngt;

Fg hm iotim imegpm }wg hm tldogfmf `wpawgtm tg fgjoeg slp hm fgjgddoe

fgh eli`pg `wpawt( gh iovl gtv dletvovwofl slp hm spfofm fg hm dwmhofmf

notvpodm fg hmt dltmt; hmt dltmt sogpfge ge gh pgdwgpfl fg tw dletvpwddoe%


64/220



:6

Gh iwefl RY tmhg fgh iovl dlil we dwmfpl mpileoltl fg gtgedomt% Tg nm

lsgpmfl wem spgtvofoaovmdoe }wg vpmtvldm hl pgmh( hl zmdm fg notvlpom y hl

hhgem fg emvwpmhg{m( fgtslkm fg tw tgevofl nwimel m hmt dltmt RY% Hm

jwedoe fgh iovl gt ghoioemp hl pgmh RY .s%04>/

It mfghmevg dlevoem @mpvngt;

G~otvg slp hl vmevl we hgeawmkg }wg el gt ivodl; gh hgeawmkg fgh nli`pg

splfwdvlp% Vlfm zg{ }wg gh nli`pg nm`hm smpm vpmetjlpimp hl pgmh y el

smpm dletgpzmp hl pgmh dlil oimage( dwmefl hoam tw hgeawmkg m hm

ghm`lpmdoe fg dltmt( gh igvmhgeawmkg gt fgzwghbvl m we hgeawmkg)l`kgvl( gh

iovl gt oislto`hg% Slp gtl gh hgeawmkg zgpfmfgpmigevg pgzlhwdolempol el

swgfg tgp we hgeawmkg ivodl .s% 060/%

Hm oevgedoe fgh mpvg pgzlhwdolempol gt fgtiovojodmflpm( y slp gefg gh

iovl t g~otvg ge hm O{}wogpfm( sgpl fg eoeae ilfl vogeg hmt iotimt dwmhofmfgt

}wg gh iovl `wpawt .@mpvngt =?>3( s% 064/%

We `wge dlevpmtvg dle hm gfojodmdoe fgh iovl `wpawt gt gh vpm`mkl }wg

pgmho{ Ghotgl Dlhe [mymt .0334/ Oimage fotdlapjodm g ofgevofmfgt; gh dmtl fg

Hwdgdovm @gevg{% Dlhe [mymt vpm{m hm gzlhwdoe fg hm oimage fg gtvm dmevmevg fgh

Nov Smpmfg y hlt gt}wgimt sw`hodovmple }wg jmzlpgdogple hm dpgmdoe foeiodm fg

tw oimage%


65/220



:7

Elt fodg Dlhe [mymt;

Gh zedwhl gevpg hm jlvlapmjm y hlt gt}wgimt sw`hodovmpolt fgh pltvpl fg hmt

gtvpghhmt fgh totvgim dpgmfl slp Nlhhyqllf gt twimigevg gtvpgdnl% Hm

jlvlapmjm sgpiovg dmsvmp gh pltvpl fg hm gtvpghhm dmpamfl fg hm toaeojodmdoe

}wg gh gtvwfol }wgpm dletvpwophg% Hmt jlvlapmjmt splildolemhgt fg hlt y

hmt dmevmevgt fgh Nov Smpmfg toawogple hmt iotimt smwvmt }wg hmt fg hmt

gtvpghhmt fg doeg% Mfgit fg hmt jlvlt ge hmt pgzotvmt( hmt slpvmfmt fg hlt

fotdlt dletvovwygple we zgndwhl smpm splildolemp hm oimage fgh , hm

dmevmevg( m hm zg{ }wg( dlil sog{mt fg gi`mhmkg( dogppme gh eg~l gevpg

splfwddoe( gh igpdmfl y gh dmevmevg% .Dlhe [mymt 0334( s%>1/%

Toe gi`mpal( Vmle y hlt mpvotvmt jopimflt slp gh tghhl fot}wgpl el gpme

gtvpghhmt fgh Nov Smpmfg% Gtvlt mpvotvmt gpme toismvo{mevgt l iogi`plt fgh ISO)

STS y tw dlispliotl gpm dle hm smvpom( y hlt zmhlpgt ofglhaodlt }wg

gedmioem`me% Gt mt dlil hlt itodlt mjohomflt y toismvo{mevgt fgh STS( ge we

oevgevl slp dpgmp oetvovwdolegt smpmhghmt m hmt fgh Gtvmfl( pgoezgevmple wem

im}woempom fotdlapjodm }wg pgnwtm`m tgp pgfwdofm mh vsodl tghhl dligpdomh% Ge

gtvg tgevofl swgfge zgptg gevpgig{dhmflt vmevl ghgigevlt fg hm zmeawmpfom

mpvtvodm( dlil splsmameftvodlt y sw`hodovmpolt( sgpl togispg dwofmefl gh

igetmkg pgzlhwdolempol l fg dledogedom slhvodm%


66/220



::

Fg gtvm jlpim( hm im}woempom sw`hodovmpom fg Fotdl Ho`pg tg dledgevp ge

dletvpwop wem oimage fgh ewgzl dmevlp y gh ewgzl itodl dlil twkgvl

pgzlhwdolempol dlispligvofl dle gh mpvg( hm smvpom y hm pgzlhwdoe% Tw oimage el

gtvm`m smpm fgahwvoptg dlil l`kgvl fg dletwil toel smpm mslymp hm hwdnm slp

igfol fg hm dmedoe y dlevpo`wop dle hmt joeme{mt fgh smpvofl }wg gedmpem`m hm

zmeawmpfom fgh swg`hl vpm`mkmflp%

Gt slp ghhl }wg dlezogeg mdgpdmptg m hm hgdvwpm fg hm oimage fotdlapjodm(

it }wg dlil m hm jlvlapmjm fg wem gtvpghhm fgh Nov Smpmfg( dlil m we dmpvgh

slhvodl fg splvgtvm g oedovmflp fg zmhlpgt oetwpagevgt% Sgptlemt dlil Klm}we

Pgygt( Ghom{oi Dpw{( Mevleol Emzom( Ghholv Pmipg{( Swdnl Dnmppe( Sopw

Pmipg{( Nopmi Vlppgt( Impm Impveg{( Imaaog @hldb( Pmjmgh Pozgpm Pltm y

Eghtle Tmi`lhe( gevpg lvplt( jwgple mhawelt fg hlt mpvotvmt y jlvapmjlt

dlispligvoflt slhvodmigevg }wg( fgtfg twt vmhhgpgt y gtvwfolt( dlevpo`wygple

dle lpameo{mdolegt o{}wogpfotvmt fgh smt( ym tgm fgewedomefl l fotdpgsmefl slp

igfol fg tw mpvg y( flemefl tw vpm`mkl mpvtvodl slp hm dmwtm y hm hwdnm07%

07Ge gh mpalv fg hm sldm tg zgp pgdwppgevgigevg gh wtl fg jpmtgt dlil slp hm hwdnm l slp hm

dmwtm smpm pgjgpoptg mh vpm`mkl zlhwevmpol }wg tg ljpgdg dlil dl evpo`wdoe m hlt ilzoiogevlt slp

hm oefgsgefgedom( gh tldomhotil( hm tl`gpmem slhvodm( fgildpmdom( splvgddoe fg hlt pgdwptlt

emvwpmhgt( pgdhmilt gtvwfomevohgt( pgdleldoiogevl fg fgpgdnlt dozohgt ge gh shmel toefodmh( pmdomh

y fg aegpl%


67/220


68/220


69/220



:?

Vmhhgp @okm fotg vpgt dmpvwhmt fg Fotdl Ho`pg y we dmpvgh smpm hlt

dledogpvlt fgh apwsl Vmle fgelioemflt Tgimem fg hm itodm fgh Swg`hl% Vmiòe

splfwkl we dmpvgh sw`hodovmpol smpm Jpmeb Jgppgp y gh dlekwevl Swgpvl Podl 03=3(

}wogegt dlhm`lpmple gtvpgdnmigevg dle gh apwsl Vmle ge hm apm`mdoe fgh HS

Dmedoe fgh Swg`hl .FH 33>/% Jgppgp vmiòe splfwkl smpm Fotdl Ho`pg hlt

fotdlt fg Elgh Ngpeefg{ y Mevleol Dmè Zmhg .FH 334( y FH 3=0(

pgtsgdvozmigevg/%Hm memhlam gevpg dmpvgh y dmpvwhm dlevpmtvm dle hmt dmpvwhmt fg

tghhlt fot}wgplt dligpdomhgt( dwyl joe hvoil gt tgfwdop0> mh s`hodl smpm }wg tg

vlpeg ge dletwioflp%

0> Tgae Dlhe [mymt( hmt dmpvwhmt splildolemhgt fgh Nov Smpmfg tgawme wem haodm fg igpdmfl

dle ejmtot ge hm oimage fgh dmevmevg)splfwdvl% Fg jlpim lswgtvm hm dmpvwhm fg Fotdl Ho`pg

spgvgefm hhgzmp we igetmkg slhvodl y tgpzop fg shmvmjlpim smpm hm fozwhamdoe fg we mpvg

pgzlhwdolempol% Dlil fokgpm mh dlioge{l fg gtvg dmsvwhl( hlt h`wigt fg Fotdl Ho`pg el fgkmple

fg tgp igpdmedm% Toe gi`mpal( iogevpmt hlt fotdlt fgh Nov Smpmfg vpmvm`me fg tgfwdop mh s`hodl

smpm }wg dlispmpm wem oimage jlvlapjodm( Fotdl Ho`pg oevgevm`m sgptwmfop mh swg`hl

vpm`mkmflp smpm }wg mslympm we gtjwgp{l dwhvwpmh dle we igetmkg gimedosmflp%


70/220



13

Flttogp sw`hodovmpol0?

Ge gtvm jlvlapmjm

`hmedl y egapl fgh

=?10 fgh apwsl

Vmle( tg fozotme hmt

dmpmt .fg o{}wogpfm m

fgpgdnm/ fg Mefpt

Koieg{( Ply @plqe(

Sgsg Tedng{( Dmphlt Hl{mfm( Jhlpm Tmevomal y Mevleol Dmè Zmhg Gh Vlsl)%

Hlt oevgapmevgt fg Vmle msmpgdge dlil tgot `wtvlt mdlilfmflt

lpfgemfmigevg fg imylp m igelp( fgtvmdmefl ge gh spoigp shmel m hm fgpgdnm

Mevleol Dmè( y hmt sltodolegt zme mtdgefogefl ge gtvmvwpm nmtvm Mefpt

Koieg{( gh it mhvl fgh dlhgdvozl% Gtvm vdeodm wvoho{mfm ge hmt jlvlt apwsmhgt

vogeg hm oevgedoe fg fmphg dmòfm mh vlptl fg dmfm oevgapmevg% Gt wem jlpim fg

wòdmp m dmfm mpvotvm ge we eawhl fg zotoòhofmf mfgdwmfl smpm gh l`tgpzmflp%

Gtvm gt hm iotim dlisgetmdoe }wg tg fotgm dle hmt ghgzmdolegt fg hmt apmfmt

ge hlt vgmvplt% Gh jlvapmjl gzovm fgtvmdmp we oevpspgvg slp tl`pg hlt fgit smpm

fmp wem oimage fg weoe toe dlisgvodoe% Mwe}wg slfpm vpmvmptg fg wem sltg

0? Hmt jlvlapmjmt memho{mfmt ge gtvg msmpvmfl nme tofl hm vlvmhofmf fg hmt oiagegt gedlevpmfmt

tl`pg Fotdl Ho`pg ge pgzotvmt( sgpofodlt y imvgpomh oispgtl%


71/220



1=

agepodm( smpgdofm m hmt jlvlapmjmt apwsmhgt fg lvplt apwslt dlevgislpeglt

g~otvge fojgpgedomt }wg dleelvme we igetmkg jlvlapjodl fotvoevl%

Vmle tg elt spgtgevm toe zgtvoigevm weojlpig% Mt tg elt mfzogpvg fg hm

emvwpmhg{m fotvoevm fgh apwsl iwtodmh; el gt wem lp}wgtvm( `mefm l dlekwevl fg

itodm vplsodmh% Tle we apwsl fg mpvotvmt weoflt }wg imevogege tw sgptlemhofmf%

Dmfm wel tg elt spgtgevm fg jlpim dmpmdvgptvodm2 dle we mdgevl y wem jlpim

smpvodwhmp fg hhgzmp gh igetmkg% Hlt tgi`hmevgt tle fg pgtotvgedom y vpmetovm dogpvm

jlpimhofmf gt}wgivodm ge gtlt pltvplt tgpolt( dmto tlhgiegt% Me mt hm jopig{m

gtv hgklt fg tgp dmtvpgetg% Hlt dm`ghhlt m`wefme y tg mtlim gh gtvohl mjpl ge gh

dlpvg fg dm`ghhl fg Mefpt( Sgsg y gh Vlsl% Ply y Hl{mfm iwgtvpme wem dm`ghhgpm

}wg dlioge{m m tgp hmpam% Tle weozgptovmpolt%

Vlflt hhgzme `oalvgt toe slfmp y ge mhawelt mtlim hm `mp`m fg awgppohhgpl

fg hm Togppm Imgtvpm% Gh `oalvg gpm we ti`lhl fg imtdwhoeofmf }wg dlisgetm`m

hhgzmp gh dm`ghhl it hmpal fg hl vpmfodolemh% Jhlpm g~no`g twt po{lt y we sgefogevg

splioegevg% Hm gtvvodm fg hm oimage fg gtvlt mpvotvmt dpgm we `mhmedg gevpg gh

nossog dpmvm y gh iohovmevg `wpdpmvm sgpl mdgevm wem pg`ghfm }wg el vgig

iltvpmp gh po{l dlil ngpgedom fg hm mjpodmeofmf% Fg splevl tg mfzogpvg gh

ghgigevl it fgtvmdmfl fg gtvm jlvlapmjm; gh swl fgpgdnl ge mhvl% Gtvg agtvl fg

iohovmedom gt gh dlie fgelioemflp fg vlflt hlt oevgapmevgt fg Vmle% Gt gh

iotil toael fg gtvg tghhl fot}wgpl% Gh swl hgzmevmfl m hm mhvwpm fgh nli`pl( toe


72/220



10

vmsmp eo fmp tli`pm m twt pltvplt .y fg gtvm jlpim

fojgpgedomfm fg hm oimage fgh l`pgpl pgzlhwdolempol

}wg hgzmevm dle imylp zgpvodmhofmf tw swl

o{}wogpfl/ ge eawhl nlpo{levmh y we sldl nmdom hm

fgpgdnm fgh mpvotvm( dlil }woge nm hme{mfl we alhsg

m hm fgpgdnm slhvodm slp igfol fg tw dmedoe% Hlt Vmle tg mtwige dlil

pgzlhwdolempolt y ge gtvm jlvlapmjm tg spgtgevme oeizohgt y jopigt dwmh

iohovmevgt dgppmefl johmt%

Hm tgawefm jlvlapmjm sw`hodmfm ge

spgetm43 ig smpgdg iwy pgzghmflpm fg hm

g~sgpogedom iwtodmh fg Vmle% Gh apwsl tg

mhvgpem`m gh iodpjlel lpfgemfmigevg y

dmfm smpvodosmevg vldm`m wem dmevofmf toiohmp fg dmedolegt% Mt swgfg zgptg ge

gtvm jlvl m Mefpt Koieg{ y Ply @plqe mtwiogefl wem sltodoe fg gtsgpm dle

hlt `pm{lt dpw{mflt% Sgsg Tedng{( dle awovmppm ge imel( l`tgpzm iogevpmt

gtsgpm dle agtvl dmto fg tlhgieofmf }wg Gh Vlsl dwhioeg tw smpvodosmdoe% Jhlpm

m hm g~sgdvmvozm( dle gh swl o{}wogpfl dgppmfl y zlhdmefl tw mvgedoe nmdom hl

43 Dlhgddoe fg Mevleol Dm`e Zmhg sw`hodmfm slp gh sgpofodl Spoigpm Nlpm fg Swgpvl Podl gh

iopdlhgt > fg fodogi`pg fg 0336 ge gh mpvdwhl vovwhmfl Dlispligvofl dle tw mpvg fg hm tgddoe fg

oevgpt dwhvwpmh;Mt%


73/220



14

}wg twdgfg ge gh gtdgempol( imevogeg hm smefgpgvm ge tw imel fgpgdnm% Vlflt fg

sog y dle agtvlt fg jopig{m gtsgpme dle dogpvm metogfmf tw vwpel toe fgtmvgefgp

gh dmisl zotwmh fg hl }wg twdgfg ge gh gtdgempol% Hlt nli`pgt hhgzme dmiotmt

dle dwghhl( hl }wg slfpm twagpop wem mdvovwf m hm ilfm y kwzgeoh }wg vlfmzm el

zg ge gh wtl fg hm awmym`gpm we ti`lhl fg pgmjopimdoe emdolemh%

Ge hm vgpdgpm jlvl zgilt we Mevleol Dm`e

Zmhg tlepogevg }wg vlim hm awovmppm dle dmpol% Wem

vlim iwy dgpdmem }wg dlevpmtvm dle hm zgpvodmhofmf

}wg splygdvm hm spoigpm jlvl fg Vmle% Gtvm jlvl fg

gtvwfol tgfwdg it fg hl }wg sgptwmfg%

Ge hm pgzotvmMzmedg( Imamho Ampdm Pmiot .=?10/ pgmho{ we mpvdwhl

vovwhmflMpvotvmt }wg el dlisovge slp hhgamp mh swg`hl; Vmle% Hm spoigpm jlvl }wg

topzg fg jmdnmfm mh mpvdwhl elt iwgtvpm wem oimage dgpdmem fgh pltvpl fg twt

oevgapmevgt% Ge hm jlvl fg gtvwfol sw`hodmfm vmi`oe ge =?10 swgfge l`tgpzmptg

hmt dmpmt fg hlt Vmle ge dpdwhl

jlpimefl wem gtvpghhm fg doedl

swevmt% Gh jlvapmjl vlim ge dlevpm

sodmfm m hlt iogi`plt fg gtvg

g}wosl }wg kwevme twt dm`g{mt smpm


74/220



16

iopmp jokmigevg gh hgevg fg hm dimpm dwmh iogi`plt fg we g}wosl fgslpvozl

l`tgpzmefl gh vm`hgpl flefg fghoegmpe tw vdvodm smpm hhgamp mh swg`hl% Twt

pltvplt( vmi`oe iwgtvpme dm`ghhgpm hmpam y `oalvgt pg`ghfgt% El l`tvmevg( tg zge

iwdnl it pghmkmflt }wg ge hm spoigpm jlvl% M}w hlt Vmle tg g~no`ge it

vpme}wohlt( pghmkmflt y dlezgedoflt fg wem zodvlpom tgawpm% Gh vvwhl fgh mpvdwhl

elt pgdwgpfm }wg gtvlt mpvotvmt tle smpvg fg we iotil g}wosl y el dlisovge

slp hhgamp mh swg`hl%

Lvpmt jlvlt oedhwofmt ge hm sw`hodmdoe dleigilpmvozm Vmle ge vpgt

vogislt4=( oedhwyg oiagegt fgh apwsl ge fotvoevmt sldmt% Fgh =?14 nmy wem

jlvlapmjm fgh apwsl vldmefl ge wem vmpoim iwy mishom mevg we s`hodl

iwhvovwfoempol% Zmpomt sgptlemt fgh s`hodl y mhawelt oevgapmevgt hgzmevme gh

swl% Hlt oevgapmevgt hhgzme awmym`gpmt y gh vghe }wg fgdlpm gh jlefl fgh

gtdgempol iwgtvpm hm oimage fg we `mekl( wem smhlim y mhawemt hgvpmt ge

mhgie% Gtvm jlvl spl`m`hgigevg nmym tofl vlimfm ge wem aopm slp Mhgimeom

Lpogevmh( ge hm dwmh swgfg fozotmptg thl wem awovmppm ge gh gtdgempol% Lvpmt flt

4=Vmle ge vpgt vogislt jwg we dledogpvl hhgzmfl m dm`l gh =1 fg imyl fg =?>: ge gh vgmvpl fg hm

Weozgptofmf fg Swgpvl Podl( Pgdoevl fg Pl Sogfpmt y dlezldmfl slp zmpomt lpameo{mdolegt

toefodmhgt% Gh dledogpvl dlev dle hm smpvodosmdoe fg dmto vlflt hlt oevgapmevgt }wg smtmple slp

Vmle fwpmevg fdmfm y igfom fg gzlhwdoe% Gtvm sw`hodmdoe nmdg mdlsol fg hgvpmt y jlvlapmjmt

fgh apwsl%


75/220



17

jlvlt vlimfmt ge gh =?16 iwgtvpme we apwsl Vmle it ewvpofl2 dle igelt

spgtgedom fg hlt oevgapmevgt lpoaoemhgt sgpl dle imylp smpvodosmdoe fg itodlt

ge gh gtdgempol% Mi`mt jlvlapmjmt( mwe}wg vlimfmt ge mdvozofmfgt tgsmpmfmt(

iwgtvpme mishomt vmpoimt fgtvoemfmt m gzgevlt iwhvovwfoempolt% Wem fg hmt jlvlt

fgkm gevpgzgp hm jpmtg }wgpgp tgp ho`pg% Hm lvpm jlvl iwgtvpm smedmpvmt gevpg hm

iwhvovwf% Wem fg hmt smedmpvmt hgg splygdvl hgy sgptle% Gzofgevgigevg(

hmt flt mdvozofmfgt gpme slhvodmigevg ilvozmfmt%

Gevpg hlt oetvpwigevlt wvoho{mflt slp hm mapwsmdoe ge gtvmt jlvlt fgh =?16

swgfge l`tgpzmptg hm awovmppm gtsmlhm( gh `mkl ghdvpodl( gh dwmvpl

swgpvlppo}wgl( dleamt( `lealgt( aoplt y impmdmt% Gh dmevmevg spoedosmh tg

w`odm`m ge gh dgevpl% Gtvg lpfgemiogevl oetvpwigevmh dloedofg dle gh dligevmpol

}wg elt nodogpm Ply @plqe pgtsgdvl m hm pgmpvodwhmdoe }wg g~sgpoigev Vmle%

Ge gtvmt jlvlt swgfg l`tgpzmptg gh Vmle vsodl }wg mdlismm`m m Mefpt

Koieg{ y Jhlpm Tmevomal% Elt g~shodm Ply40;

hlapmilt vgegp =: iogi`plt% Gevledgt vwzoilt }wg fozofop gh apwsl ge

flt; wel }wg nmdm itodm vsodm slp gtl Vmle vsodl) y lvpl }wg jwg gh

fg Spljgdm fg Wpmyle% _ to hl gevogefgt( gh Vmle vsodl gpm we apwsl(

swgt fg itodm vsodm .Mefpt Koieg{( Jhlpm( gh dwmvpl/( gevledgt yl gpm

it dle hm `mvgpm( it pl}wgml( RY it Rg~sgpoigevmhY( dlil hl }wg

40 G~vpmdvl fg hm gevpgzotvm pgmho{mfm slp gh mwvlp m Ply @plqe ge elzogi`pg fg 0336%


76/220



1:

gtvm`m smtmefl% @wgel( fmvg dwgevm( gh tleofl il dle jhmwvm y vlfm hm

zmoem( gt Spljgdm fg Wpmyle% _ fg mn( gt }wg Nmdogefl Swevl tmdm Ge hm

zofm vlfl gt op% L tgm( }wg ge dogpvl ilfl wel gtvm`m m hm zmeawmpfom fg hl

}wg o`m m smtmp% .s%=4/


77/220



11

Dpovgpolt smpm hm tghgddoe fg dmpvwhmt

Hm fotdlapmjm fg Fotdl Ho`pg oedhwy =? splfwddolegt to dlevmilt gh

splygdvl sohlvl; we toeahg fg 67 pgzlhwdolegt dle Tp% Oezgptoleotvm fg Ply @plqe y

Vpotvgt Twdgtlt fg Sm`hl Egpwfm y Elgh Ngpeefg{% Fg ghhmt swfg l`vgegp hmt

oiagegt fg =0 dmpvwhmt y hm vpmetjgpgedom foaovmh fg =3 fotdlt HS% Ng

tghgddolemfl ldnl h`wigt fg hlt dwhgt l`vwzg vpmetjgpgedomt foaovmhgt smpm hm

oezgtvoamdoe% _l splvgtvl( @mtvm ympgzlhwdoe( Fg pg`ghfgt m pgzlhwdolempolt( Dlil

gh johl fgh imdngvg( Dm

dislocaciones para un disco libre, polÍtica cultural y alternativa socialista en puerto rico

Documents