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DECISION MAKING AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT LAW IN SOCIETY

IntroductionAlternative Dispute Resolution

Oleh :Sumali

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What Is Conflict Or a Dispute ?Conflict is form of competitive behavior between people or

groups.Konflik dapat terjadi di mana saja, tidak mengenal tempat dan

waktu.Konflik dapat terjadi secara terbuka, terselubung atau

tersembunyi.Konflik dapat terjadi dalam keluarga, tempat kerja, organisasi,

partai politik, teman usaha, masyarakat dan sebagainya.Konflik dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan hubungan dalam

jangka panjang, pendek, mulai dari yang tidak penting sampai yang penting.

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What Causes Conflict or a Dispute

The circle of conflict outlines some of the major sources of conflict, regardless of level (interpersonal, intra-or inter-organizational, communal, or societal) or setting.

The circle identifies five central causes or conflict :1. Problem with the people’s relationships2. Problema with data3. Perceived or actual incompatible.4. Structural forces5. Differing values

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Circle of Conflict Unnecessary Conflict

RELATIONSHIP CONFLICT1.STRONG EMOTIONS

2.MISPERCEPTIONS OR STEREOTYPE3.POOR OR MISCOMUNICATION

4. NEGATIVE, REPETITIVE BEHAVIORVALUE CONFLICT

1.DAY TO DAY VALUES2.TERMINAL VALUES3.SELF DEFINITION VALUES

STRUCTURAL CONFLICTS

1. HOW A SITUATION IS SET UP

2. ROLE DEFINITIONS

3. TIME CONSTRAINS

4. GEOGRAPHIC/PHYSICAL RELATIONSHIP

5. UNEQUAL POWER/AUTHORITY

6. UNEQUAL CONTROL OF RESOURCES

INTEREST CONFLICT

1.SUBSTANTIVE

2.PROSEDURAL

3.PSYCHOLOGICAL

DATA CONLICTS

1.LACK OF INFORM

ATION2

2.M

ISINFORMATION

3.DIFFERENT VIEW

S ON

WHAT IS RELEVANT

4.DIFFERENT

INTERPRETATION

5.DIFFERENT ASSESSM

ENT

PROCEDURES

LINGKARAN

KONFLIK

DAN

MENGHINDARI

KONFLIK

Penyelesaian Konflik

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PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA

AJUDIKASI NON AJUDIKASI

LITIGASI

PENGADILAN

NON LITIGASI

KONSILIASIARBITRASE

NEGOSIASI

MEDIASI

KOLABORASI

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The Circle of Conflict and Conflict Mapping

• POSSSIBLE STRATEGIES AND OUTCOMES OF A• (AS VIEWED BY PARTY A)

CompetitionWin for A/Loss for B

Avoidance/ImpasseLoss for A and B

AccommodationLoss for A/Win for B

Interest-BasedBargaining

Win for both A and B

Negotiated CompromieseA and B share losses & gains

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Roles People Play In Conflict SituationsNegotiator (You are a party to the dispute)

O

O

O

Superior/Subordinate Negotiatiors

(Authority/Power)

Subordinate/SuperiorNegotiatiors

(Authority/Power)

Equal Negotiatiors(Authority/Power)

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Lanjut …

0Team Member or

Spokesperson

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Lanjut …

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Negotiator With Constituency(Horizontal or Bureaucratic)

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MEDIATOR/FACILITATOR(You are a proses facilitator)

o

Mediator –Equal Among Equals

(No Authorative Decision-Making Power)

oMediator Who Is

Superior To Disputants(Authoritative Decision-Making

Power On Hold

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Lanjut …

oMediator-Intermediary

Between Superior/Subordinate(No Authorative Decision-Making Power

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Lanjut …

0

Facilitator Among Equals(No Authorative Decision-Making Power)

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Lanjut …

0 00

0 0

0

Facilitator With Superior Decision Maker Present (No Authoritative

Decision Making Power)

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Lanjut …

0

Facilitator External To Group(No Authoritative Decision-Making Power)

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ARBITRATIOR/JUDGE

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1. MED-ARB(Process in which an authoritative decision maker attempts mediation prior to being forced to decide by

the parties inability to agree)2. Arbitration/Judicial Decision

(Authoritative decision-making power and decision maker)