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DECISION MAKING AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT LAW IN SOCIETY
IntroductionAlternative Dispute Resolution
Oleh :Sumali
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What Is Conflict Or a Dispute ?Conflict is form of competitive behavior between people or
groups.Konflik dapat terjadi di mana saja, tidak mengenal tempat dan
waktu.Konflik dapat terjadi secara terbuka, terselubung atau
tersembunyi.Konflik dapat terjadi dalam keluarga, tempat kerja, organisasi,
partai politik, teman usaha, masyarakat dan sebagainya.Konflik dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan hubungan dalam
jangka panjang, pendek, mulai dari yang tidak penting sampai yang penting.
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What Causes Conflict or a Dispute
The circle of conflict outlines some of the major sources of conflict, regardless of level (interpersonal, intra-or inter-organizational, communal, or societal) or setting.
The circle identifies five central causes or conflict :1. Problem with the people’s relationships2. Problema with data3. Perceived or actual incompatible.4. Structural forces5. Differing values
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Circle of Conflict Unnecessary Conflict
RELATIONSHIP CONFLICT1.STRONG EMOTIONS
2.MISPERCEPTIONS OR STEREOTYPE3.POOR OR MISCOMUNICATION
4. NEGATIVE, REPETITIVE BEHAVIORVALUE CONFLICT
1.DAY TO DAY VALUES2.TERMINAL VALUES3.SELF DEFINITION VALUES
STRUCTURAL CONFLICTS
1. HOW A SITUATION IS SET UP
2. ROLE DEFINITIONS
3. TIME CONSTRAINS
4. GEOGRAPHIC/PHYSICAL RELATIONSHIP
5. UNEQUAL POWER/AUTHORITY
6. UNEQUAL CONTROL OF RESOURCES
INTEREST CONFLICT
1.SUBSTANTIVE
2.PROSEDURAL
3.PSYCHOLOGICAL
DATA CONLICTS
1.LACK OF INFORM
ATION2
2.M
ISINFORMATION
3.DIFFERENT VIEW
S ON
WHAT IS RELEVANT
4.DIFFERENT
INTERPRETATION
5.DIFFERENT ASSESSM
ENT
PROCEDURES
LINGKARAN
KONFLIK
DAN
MENGHINDARI
KONFLIK
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Penyelesaian Konflik
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PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA
AJUDIKASI NON AJUDIKASI
LITIGASI
PENGADILAN
NON LITIGASI
KONSILIASIARBITRASE
NEGOSIASI
MEDIASI
KOLABORASI
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The Circle of Conflict and Conflict Mapping
• POSSSIBLE STRATEGIES AND OUTCOMES OF A• (AS VIEWED BY PARTY A)
CompetitionWin for A/Loss for B
Avoidance/ImpasseLoss for A and B
AccommodationLoss for A/Win for B
Interest-BasedBargaining
Win for both A and B
Negotiated CompromieseA and B share losses & gains
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Roles People Play In Conflict SituationsNegotiator (You are a party to the dispute)
O
O
O
Superior/Subordinate Negotiatiors
(Authority/Power)
Subordinate/SuperiorNegotiatiors
(Authority/Power)
Equal Negotiatiors(Authority/Power)
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Lanjut …
0Team Member or
Spokesperson
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Lanjut …
0
Negotiator With Constituency(Horizontal or Bureaucratic)
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MEDIATOR/FACILITATOR(You are a proses facilitator)
o
Mediator –Equal Among Equals
(No Authorative Decision-Making Power)
oMediator Who Is
Superior To Disputants(Authoritative Decision-Making
Power On Hold
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Lanjut …
oMediator-Intermediary
Between Superior/Subordinate(No Authorative Decision-Making Power
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Lanjut …
0
Facilitator Among Equals(No Authorative Decision-Making Power)
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Lanjut …
0 00
0 0
0
Facilitator With Superior Decision Maker Present (No Authoritative
Decision Making Power)
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Lanjut …
0
Facilitator External To Group(No Authoritative Decision-Making Power)
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ARBITRATIOR/JUDGE
0
1. MED-ARB(Process in which an authoritative decision maker attempts mediation prior to being forced to decide by
the parties inability to agree)2. Arbitration/Judicial Decision
(Authoritative decision-making power and decision maker)