ix

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN SAMPUL DALAM ................................................................. i

KARTU TANDA MAHASISWA................................................................ ii

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS TUGAS AKHIR ................................ iii

HALAMAN PERSYARATAN GELAR .................................................... iv

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING ............................................. v

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN LAPORAN TUGAS AKHIR ....................... vi

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................. vii

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR TABEL......................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... xii

DAFTAR SINGKATAN .............................................................................. xiv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................ xv

ABSTRAK .................................................................................................... xvi

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................. xvii

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ..................................................................... 4

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................... 4

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ................................................................ 4

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ............................................................... 5

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................... 6

1.4.1 Manfaat Teoritis ............................................................ 6

1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis .............................................................. 6

BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................... 8

2.1 Konsep Dasar Apendisitis ............................................................ 8

2.1.1 Definisi .......................................................................... 8

2.1.2 Klasifikasi ...................................................................... 9

2.1.3 Etiologi .......................................................................... 12

2.1.4 Patofisiologi ................................................................... 14

2.1.5 Pathway ......................................................................... 16

2.1.6 Manifestasi Klinis .......................................................... 17

2.1.7 Komplikasi .................................................................... 18

2.1.8 Pemeriksaan Penunjang ................................................. 18

2.1.9 Penatalaksanaan ............................................................. 21

2.2 Konsep Dasar Post Operasi Laparatomi ..................................... 25

2.2.1 Laparatomi ..................................................................... 25

2.2.2 Post Operasi Laparatomi ............................................... 32

2.3 Konsep Asuhan Keperawatan Post Operasi Laparatomi ............ 35

2.3.1 Pengkajian ..................................................................... 35

2.3.2 Diagnosa Keperawatan .................................................. 42

2.3.3 Intervensi Keperawatan ................................................. 42

2.3.4 Implementasi Keperawatan ........................................... 46

2.3.5 Evaluasi Keperawatan ................................................... 47

2.4 Konsep Dasar Nyeri.................................................................... 48

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2.4.1 Definisi .......................................................................... 48

2.4.2 Fisiologi Nyei ................................................................ 49

2.4.3 Klasifikasi Nyeri ............................................................ 51

2.4.4 Etiologi Nyeri ................................................................ 53

2.4.5 Proses Terjadinya Nyeri ................................................ 55

2.4.6 Manifestasi Klinis atau Batasan Karakteristik Nyeri .... 56

2.4.7 Respon Nyeri ................................................................. 57

2.4.8 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Nyeri ................................ 59

2.4.9 Penilaian Klinis Nyeri ................................................... 62

2.4.10 Penanganan Nyeri ........................................................ 66

BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................ 70

3.1 Rancangan Penelitian ................................................................. 70

3.2 Batasan Istilah atau Definisi Operasional .................................. 71

3.3 Partisipan.................................................................................... 72

3.3.1 Kriteria Inklusi ............................................................... 72

3.3.2 Kriteria Eksklusi ............................................................ 73

3.4 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ..................................................... 73

3.5 Pengumpulan Data ..................................................................... 73

3.5.1 Wawancara .................................................................... 74

3.5.2 Observasi ....................................................................... 75

3.5.3 Pemeriksaan Fisik .......................................................... 76

3.5.4 Studi Dokumentasi ........................................................ 77

3.6 Uji Keabsahan Data ................................................................... 78

3.6.1 Memperpanjang Waktu Pengamatan/Observasi ............ 78

3.6.2 Sumber Informasi Tambahan ........................................ 78

3.7 Analisa Data ............................................................................... 79

3.7.1 Pengumpulan Data ......................................................... 80

3.7.2 Mereduksi Data ............................................................. 80

3.7.3 Penyajian Data ............................................................... 80

3.7.4 Kesimpulan .................................................................... 81

3.8 Etik Penelitian ............................................................................ 81

3.8.1 Informed Consent .......................................................... 81

3.8.2 Tanpa Nama (Anonimity) .............................................. 81

3.8.3 Kerahasiaan (Confidentidy) ........................................... 81

BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ....................................................... 83

4.1 Hasil ........................................................................................... 83

4.1.1 Gambaran Lokasi Penelitian .......................................... 83

4.1.2 Data Asuhan Keperawatan ............................................ 84

4.1.3 Analisa Data .................................................................. 91

4.1.4 Diagnosa Keperawatan .................................................. 92

4.1.5 Intervensi Keperawatan ................................................. 93

4.1.6 Implementasi Keperawatan ........................................... 95

4.1.7 Evaluasi Keperawatan ................................................... 99

4.2 Pembahasan ............................................................................... 102

4.2.1 Pengkajian ..................................................................... 102

4.2.2 Diagnosa Keperawatan .................................................. 105

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4.2.3 Intervensi Keperawatan ................................................. 106

4.2.4 Implementasi Keperawatan ........................................... 107

4.2.5 Evaluasi Keperawatan ................................................... 107

BAB 5 PENUTUP ......................................................................................... 109

5.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 109

5.2 Saran .......................................................................................... 110

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................... 112

LAMPIRAN

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 3.1 Definisi Operasional Penelitian Asuhan Keperawatan

sesuai Standar Diagnosis Keperawatan Indonesia

(SDKI), Standar Luaran Keperawatan Indonesia

(SLKI), serta Standar Intervensi Keperawatan

Indonesia (SIKI) Pada Pasien Post Operasi

Laparatomi Eksplorasi e.c. Perforasi Apendiks di

Ruang ICU RSUD Dr. Soegiri Lamongan

Halaman

71

Tabel 4.1 Hasil laboratorium pada Tn.”M” dengan kasus Post

Operasi Laparatomi Eksplorasi e.c. Perforasi

Apendiks di Ruang ICU RSUD Dr. Soegiri Lamongan

(tanggal 18 November 2019)

89

Tabel 4.2 Analisa data pada Tn.”M” dengan kasus Post Operasi

Laparatomi Eksplorasi e.c. Perforasi Apendiks di

Ruang ICU RSUD Dr. Soegiri Lamongan

91

Tabel 4.3 Diagnosa keperawatan berdasarkan Standar Diagnosis

Keperawatan Indonesia (SDKI) pada Tn.”M” dengan

kasus Post Operasi Laparatomi Eksplorasi e.c.

Perforasi Apendiks di Ruang ICU RSUD Dr. Soegiri

Lamongan

92

Table 4.4 Intervensi keperawatan berdasarkan Standar

Intervensi Keperawatan Indonesia (SIKI) serta

Standar Luaran Keperawatan Indonesia (SLKI) pada

Tn.”M” dengan kasus Post Operasi Laparatomi

Eksplorasi e.c. Perforasi Apendiks di Ruang ICU

RSUD Dr. Soegiri Lamongan

93

Tabel 4.5 Implementasi keperawatan pada asuhan keperawatan

pada Tn.”M” dengan kasus Post Operasi Laparatomi

Eksplorasi e.c. Perforasi Apendiks di Ruang ICU

RSUD Dr. Soegiri Lamongan

95

Tabel 4.6 Evaluasi keperawatan pada asuhan keperawatan pada

Tn.”M” dengan kasus Post Operasi Laparatomi

Eksplorasi e.c. Perforasi Apendiks di Ruang ICU

RSUD Dr. Soegiri Lamongan

99

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman

Gambar 2.1 Pathway Apendisitis 16

Gambar 2.2 Numeric Rating Scale 63

Gambar 2.3 Visual Analogue Scale 63

Gambar 2.4 Skala Nyeri Wong dan Beker 64

Gambar 2.5 Skala Nyeri Deskriptif 64

Gambar 2.6 Skala Nyeri Bourbanis 65

Gambar 2.7 Skala Nyeri Oucher 65

Gambar 2.8 Skala Nyeri McGill 66

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DAFTAR SINGKATAN

CT-Scan : Computed Tomography Scan

e.c. : Et Causa

ICU : Intensive Care Unit

MRI : Magnetic Resonance Imaging

SDKI : Standar Diagnosis Keperawatan Indonesia

SLKI : Standar Luaran Keperawatan Indonesia

SIKI : Standar Intervensi Keperawatan Indonesia

USG : Ultrasonografi

WHO : World Health Organization

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Lembar Persetujuan Responden

Lampiran 2 Instrumen Pertanyaan Wawancara

Lampiran 3 Lembar Usulan Judul Tugas Akhir

Lampiran 4 Lembar Judul Tugas Akhir

Lampiran 5 Lembar Konsultasi Tugas Akhir

Lampiran 6 Lembar Konsultasi Tugas Akhir

Lampiran 7 Lembar Pengajuan Tugas Akhir

Lampiran 8 Lembar Perbaikan Tugas Akhir

Lampiran 9 Lembar Perbaikan Tugas Akhir

Lampiran 10 Lembar Perbaikan Tugas Akhir

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