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LANDASAN KEPENDIDIKAN

KELOMPOK 4:

HESTI AYU NINGTIYAS 14030174006

YUSUF ARIFIYANTO 14030174061

SASANTI YUNI K. 14030174070 NURIKEN S. 14030174075

ANPDIKA ROSSY K. P. 14030174104

2014 C

JURUSAN MATEMATIKAFAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIERSITAS NEGERI SURA!AYA

2015

A. PARADIGMA BARU PEMBELAJARAN



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/,(,')'$" /,+'#$" +,+8,)$/$" #,$"-$ ;#,#'/=<.

3. Understandin# kn%wled#e> 8,"%,$'$" #8,), '/$" '"'/ #$=$ ,$8 '"'/

#8$$+ #$" #-$/".

4. Appl&in# kn%wled#e> 8,"%,$'$" #$" 8,"%$$+$" $)'( #$8$ #$8/$(/$" #$$+

/,#'8$" (($ (,"%%$ $+8$/ 8,)'$$" 8,)$/' (($.

5. Reletin# kn%wled#e> +,$/'/$" ),=,/( ,)$#$8 ()$,% 8,"%,+$"%$"

8,"%,$'$" (,$%$ 8)(,( 8,)$/$" #$" 8,"-,+8')"$$" ()$,%.

P,+,$9$)$" /",/('$ +,"')' C&S$)( ;2002< #$"#$ #,"%$" 7 8$) -$'

I"')- ;"/')< $#$$ #$$ #,"%$" /,%$$" 8,"%$+$$" '"'/ +,+$$+ ('$'

/"(,8 ,)$"-$ +,"-,#/ +,"%$"$(( #$" +,)'+'(/$" 8,"9,$($" $/

(,$%$ "#?#' +$'8'" ,)($+$ (,9$$"-$. D$$+ 8)(,( " (,/$%'( ,)9$#

$/?$( +,"%,+$"%/$" #$" +,"%%'"$/$" /,,)$+8$" ,)8/) /)(.

P)(,( "/') #$8$ #$/'/$" +,$' ,,)$8$ $"%/$ -$'>

$. M,)'+'(/$" +$($$

. M,"%$9'/$" 8,((. M,"%'+8'/$" #$$

#. M,"%'9 8,((

,. M,+'$ /,(+8'$"

!,)$"-$ ;',(""%< #%'"$/$" , #(," '"'/ +,"#)"% +,++"% #$"

+,"$ /,+$+8'$" ,)8/) +$$(($. S,#$"%/$" #$) (,% +$$(($ ,)$"-$

#%'"$/$" #$$+ /,)$"%/$ ,)"/').

D$$+ 8,+,$9$)$" -$"% 8)#'/= /,%$$" ,)$"-$ $/$" ($"%$ ,)%'"$ '"'/>

$. M,"%%$ "=)+$( . M,+$"%//$" +?$(

. M,)$"%($"% /,"%"$'$" (($

#. M,"=/'(/$" /,"%"$'$" (($

,. M,++"% (($ '"'/ +,",+'/$" $$' +,"-+8'/$" (,('$'.

K")'/?(+, ;C"()'/?(+< +,+$"%'" 8,+$$+$" , #) (,"#) #$)

8,"%$$+$"&8,"%$$+$" $)' -$"% #)$"%/$ #,"%$" 8,"%$$+$" $$. P,+$$+$"

-$"% +,"#$$+ #/,+$"%/$" +,$' 8,"%$$+$" ,$9$) -$"% ,)+$/"$.

P,"%%$%$("-$>



$. M$)/ !$#"

. J,$" P$%,

L, 9$' P$%, +,"-$$/$" $//$ 8,"%,$'$" (,$%$ ,)/'

$. P,"%,$'$" +,)'8$/$ /"()'/( /,"-$$$" +,$' /,%$$" ('-,/.

. S'-,/ +,+,"'/ (/,+$ /%"= /$,%) /"(,8 #$" ()'/') -$"% 8,)'

'"'/ 8,"%,$'$".

. P,"%,$'$" #,"'/ #$$+ ()'/') /"(,8( (,(,)$"%.

P,+#,$" ;M#,"%< +,"#,+"()$(/$" $%$+$"$ $"#$ +,"%"%"/$"

(,(,)$"% ,)'$ +,$/'/$" (,('$' $%$) )$"% $" +,$/'/$""-$. M$/('#"-$

$#$$ 8)(,( 8,+,$9$)$" #,"%$" +,+8,)$%$/$" (,('$' (,$%$ " -$"%

#$8$ #)' , (,$8 (($. M#,"% #$/ $)'( #$) %')' ($9$ ,$8 9'%$ #$)

(($ -$"% #$"%%$8 $%'( (,$%$ " '"'/ ,+$"&,+$""-$.

M#,"% +,)'8$/$" $($( 8,""% #$$+ CTL (,$ #,"%$" +#,"% (($ #$8$

,)"#$) #$) teoritis-abstrak -$"% +,'"%/"/$" ,)9$#"-$ ?,)$(+,.

M$(-$)$/$ !,$9$) ;L,$)""% ++'"-< #$"#$ #,"%$" $/?$( ,)$)$ #$"

,)$% 8,"%$$+$" #,"%$" )$"% $". !,/,)9$($+$ #,"%$" )$"% $" '"'/

+,"8$/$" 8,+,$9$)$" -$"% , $/ #$"#"% $8$$ $8&$8 +$$(($

,/,)9$ (,"#).

Le% Se)en%/i &#%tsk& 8(/% R'($ +,"-$$/$" $$ 8,"%,$'$" #$"

8,+$$+$" $"$/ #8$"% $"-$/ , /+'"/$( #,"%$" )$"% $". CTL+,",)$8/$" learning community /$),"$ $( ,$9$) #$8 #8,), #$) $(

sharing #,"%$" )$"% $"

A(,(+," $',"/ ;A'," $((,((+,"< +,"%'/') 8,"%,$'$" #$" /,,)$+8$"

+$$(($ -$"% +,+8,)(-$)$/$" 8,",)$8$" 8,"%,$'$" $$' /,,)$+8$" #$$+

('$( /",/('$ #$" /,(,$)$".

O, (,$ ' 8,"$$" /,,)$($" #$/ $"-$ #,"'/$" , $(8,/ $( ,$9$)

(,8,) $( ,( $/$" ,$8 9'%$ 8)(,( ,$9$) +,$' 8,"$$" "-$$.

Autenti assess)ent $#$$ 8)(,( -$"% #$/'/$" %')' '"'/ +,"%'+8'/$""=)+$( ,"$"% 8,)/,+$"%$" ,$9$) -$"% #$/'/$" (($

R,=,/( ;R,=,"< ,)8/) ,"$"% $8$ -$"% ,$ /$ 8,$9$) +,),?, #$"

+,),(8" /,9$#$" $/?$( #$" 8,"%$$+$" +,"$$ $8$ -$"% ,$ /$ 8,$9$)

$%$+$"$ #,&#, $)' -$"% ,$ /$ $/'/$". R,=,/( #$8$ ,)'8$ ,)$%$

,"'/ 9')"$ #(/'( +$'8'" $( /$)-$ (,".

O," #$" S+ ;2000< +,"%$$/$" $$ 8,+,$9$)$" ,$ #/$$/$" ,) CTL 9/$:

8,+,$9$)$" ,)+$/"$ +,$/$" $8/$( 8,"%,$'$" +,"%%'"$/$" ,)8/) "%/$



"%% +,"%$' /,8$#$ /')/''+ ,)#$($)/$" ($"#$) ),(8"(= ,)$#$8 '#$-$ #$"

+,"%%'"$/$" $(,(+," $',"/.

S,+,"$)$ ' +,"')' C,",) =) O'8$"$ R,(,$) ;COR< 8,+,$9$)$" #/$$/$"

,$ ,)CTL 9/$: R,$"% ;,$9$) #$$+ /",/( "-$$< E8,),""% ;,$9$) +,$' 8,"%$$+$"< A88-"% ;,$9$) #,"%$" +,+$#'/$" 8,"%,$'$" #,"%$" /,%'"$$""-$< #$"

C8,)$"%;,$9$) #$$+ /",/( ",)$/(< T)$"(=,)"% ;,$9$) #,"%$" +,"%%'"$/$"

8,"%,$'$" 8$#$ /",/( $)'$"<.

!,)#$($)/$" 8$) CTL ,)(,' #$$( +#, 8,+,$9$)$" $$' ()$,% -$"% ,)$(($(

#,"%$" CTL $"$)$ $" $#$$ (,$%$ ,)/':

1. D), "()'"

2. C8,)$= ,$)""%

3. P),+ $(,# "()'"4. L,$)""% ()$,%-

M#, #), "()'" ($"%$ / '"'/ +,"%$9$)/$" 8,"%,$'$" 8)(,#')$

+($"-$ /,,)$+8$" 8(/+) (,8,) +,)$"%/$ $$ +,"%%'"$/$" $$. M#,

8,)$= ,$)""% ($"%$ / '"'/ +,"%$9$)/$" /,,)$+8$" (($. P),+ $(,#

"()'" ($"%$ / '"'/ +,"%$9$)/$" /,,)$+8$" 8,+,$$" +$($$ ,)8/)

"%/$ "%% #$" ,)8,)$" (,$%$ )$"% #,$($. S,+,"$)$ ' ()$,% ,$9$) $/ '"'/

+,"%$9$)/$" /,,)$+8$" /%"= (,8,) +,"%$=$ +,)$"%/'+ #$" +,",+'/$" #,&#,

8//.

P$ #$" $$8$" P,+,$9$)$" CTL

P,)$"#"%$" 8$ #$" $$8$" 8,+,$9$)$" /"?,"("$ #$" CTL '"'/ +,"$8$

/+8,,"( -$"% ($+$ -$/" :

1. S($ #$8$ +,"9,$(/$" 8,"%,)$" 8$($)

2. S($ #$8$ +,"9,$(/$" 9,"(&9,"( 8$($)

3. S($ #$8$ +,"9,$(/$" /$)$/,)(/ 8$($) )$#("$ #$" "")$#("$

4. S($ #$8$ +,"-+8'/$" ,"$"% ='"%( 8$($).

5. S($ #$8$ +,+'$ /$)$"%$" -$"% $#$ /$$""-$ #,"%$" 8$($).

T,)$ 8,)$"#"%$" 8$ (,$%$ ,)/' :

1. P$ P,+,$9$)$" K"?,"("$

$. S($ #(')' +,+$$ '/' ,"$"% 8$($)

. G')' +,"-$+8$/$" +$,) 8,$9$)$" (,('$ 8// +$,) 8,$9$)$"

. G')' +,+,) /,(,+8$$" /,8$#$ (($ '"'/ ,)$"-$ -$"% /')$"% 9,$(

#. G')' +,"%'$( 8//&8// +$,) 8,$9$)$"

,. G')' +,$/'/$" 8(&,( ,?$'$(

=. G')' +,"'%$(/$" (($ '"'/ +,+'$ /$)$"%$" (,('$ ,+$ 8$($)



2. P$ P,+,$9$)$" CTL

$. P,"#$''$"

1< G')' +,"9,$(/$" /+8,,"( -$"% $)'( #$8$ (,)$ +$"=$$"-$

2< G')' +,"9,$(/$" 8)(,#') 8,+,$9$)$" CTL>

S($ #$% /, #$$+ /,+8/

P,"'%$($" 8$#$ $8 /,+8/ '"'/ (,)?$(

M,"$$ ,)$%$ $ -$"% #,+'/$" # 8$($)

3< G')' +,$/'/$" T$"-$ 9$$ (,/$) '%$( -$"% $)'( #/,)9$/$" , (,$8

(($.

. I"

D $8$"%$"

1< S($ +,$/'/$" (,)?$( /, 8$($) (,('$ 8,+$%$" '%$(

2< S($ +,"$$ $&$ -$"% +,),/$ ,+'/$" # 8$($)

D #$$+ /,$(

1< S($ +,"#(/'(/$" $( ,+'$" (,('$ /,+8/

2< S($ +,$8)/$" $( #(/'(

3< S,$8 (($ +,"9$$ 8,)$"-$$" -$"% #$9'/$" , /,+8/ $"

. P,"''8

1< D,"%$" $"'$" %')' (($ +,"-+8'/$" $( (,)?$(

2< G')' +,"'%$(/$" (($ '"'/ +,+'$ /$)$"%$" ,"$"% 8,"%$$+$" +,),/$

#,"%$" ,+$ 8$($).

C$$$" ,"$"% 8,",)$8$" CTL (,$%$ ('$' ()$,% 8,+,$9$)$" -$'>1. CTL $#$$ +#, 8,+,$9$)$" -$"% +,",/$"/$" 8$#$ $/?$( (($ (,$)$

8,"' $/ =(/ +$'8'" +,"$.

2. CTL +,+$"#$"% $$ ,$9$) '/$" +,"%$=$ $/$" ,$8 8)(,( ,)8,"%$$+$"

#$$+ /,#'8$" "-$$.

3. K,$( #$$+ CTL '/$" (,$%$ ,+8$ '"'/ +,"#$8$/$" "=)+$( $/$" ,$8

'"'/ +,"%'9 #$$ $( ,+'$" +,),/$ # $8$"%$".

4. M$,) 8,$9$)$" #,+'/$" , (($ (,"#) '/$" $( 8,+,)$" #$) )$"% $".

,ele3ian dan ,ele)aan Pe)3ela+aran 4"L

M,"')' A"($ ;200*< $#$ ,,)$8$ /,,$" #$$+ 8,+,$9$)$" CTL -$' :

1. P,+,$9$)$" , ,)+$/"$ $)"-$ (($ +,$/'/$" (,"#) /,%$$" -$"%

,)''"%$" #,"%$" +$,) -$"% $#$ (,"%%$ (($ #$8$ +,+$$+"-$ (,"#).

2. P,+,$9$)$" , 8)#'/= #$" +$+8' +,"'+'/$" 8,"%'$$" /"(,8 /,8$#$

(($ /$),"$ 8,+,$9$)$" CTL +,"'"' (($ +,",+'/$" (,"#) '/$"

+,"%$=$/$".

3. M,"'+'/$" /,,)$"$" (($ '"'/ +,"%,+'/$/$" 8,"#$8$ ,"$"% +$,) -$"%

#8,$9$).

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4. M,"'+'/$" )$($ "%" $' ,"$"% +$,) -$"% #8,$9$) #,"%$" ,)$"-$ /,8$#$

%')'.

5. M,"'+'/$" /,+$+8'$" #$$+ ,/,)9$($+$ #,"%$" ,+$" -$"% $" '"'/

+,+,$/$" +$($$ -$"% $#$.

6. S($ #$8$ +,+'$ /,(+8'$" (,"#) #$) /,%$$" 8,+,$9$)$".

M,"')' D$/ ;200*< /,,+$$" #$$+ 8,+,$9$)$" CTL -$' :

1. !$% (($ -$"% #$/ #$8$ +,"%/' 8,+,$9$)$" #$/ +,"#$8$/$"

8,"%,$'$" #$" 8,"%$$+$" -$"% ($+$ #,"%$" ,+$" $""-$ /$),"$ (($ #$/

+,"%$$+ (,"#).

2. P,)$($$" /$$) 8$#$ $"%%$ /,+8/ $/$" $"%"-$ /$)$/,)(/ (($ /$),"$

$)'( +,"-,('$/$" #,"%$" /,+8"-$.

3. !$"-$/ (($ -$"% #$/ (,"$"% $8$$ #(')' ,/,)9$($+$ #,"%$" -$"% $""-$

/$),"$ (($ -$"% ,/'" +,)$($ $)'( ,/,)9$ +,,$" (($ -$"% $" #$$+/,+8/"-$.

D$) 8,"9,$($" # $$( +$/$ (,)$"% %')' #$$+ +,",)$8/$" +#, 8,+,$9$)$" CTL

$)'( #$8$ +,+8,)$/$" /,$#$$" (($ #$$+ /,$(. S,$" ' (,)$"% %')' 9'%$ $)'(

+$+8' +,+$% /,+8/ (,$)$ ,,)%," $%$) (($ -$"% 8$"#$ #$8$ +,+$"' (($

-$"% /')$"% 8$"#$.

Ba#ai)ana I)ple)entasi Pendekatan 4%nte5tual "eain# And Learnin# 64"L7 dala)

Pe)3ela+aran Mate)atika8

P,",)$8$" 8,"#,/$$" 8,+,$9$)$" #8,"%$)' , +$,) -$"% #$9$)/$" ,

%')'. S,8,) $"-$ CTL +$,) -$"% #$9$)/$" $)'( #$8$ #/$/$" #,"%$" #'"$ "-$$

$$' ,"#$&,"#$ /"/), (,"%%$ (($ #$8$ +,+'$ ''"%$" $"$)$ 8,"%,$'$" -$"%

#8,),"-$ #,"%$" 8,",)$8$""-$ #$$+ /,#'8$" (,$)&$).

C""-$ 8$#$ M$,) !$"%$" !'$ #$" L$+$"%"-$ 8$#$ S' P// !$$($"

!$"%$" P(= #$" !$"%$" N,%$=:

$< P,)"$/$ /$+' +,"#,"%$) )$+$$" '$$ # )$# $$' +,$"-$ # ,,?(

M($"-$ ,(/ K$ A $/$" ')'" '9$" #,"%$" ('' +"+'+ 1°C #$" +$/(+'+ 6°C

#$" /$ ! ,)$ #,"%$" ('' 6°C (,)$ /$ C ,)$$" #,"%$" ('' 10°C.D$8$/$ $"%$" $$> 0 1 2 3 ...> +,$+$"% ('$( # $$( J'%$ #$8$/$

$"%$" $$ +,$+$"%/$" 8(( (,,/) ')'"% -$"% "%%$8 # 8'$/ $"% $-$)

(,'$ 8,)$' ",$-$" -$"% "%%"-$ 3 +,,) #$" 8(( 8,+/ 8,)$' ,)(,' -$"%

(,#$"% +,"-,$+ # /,#$$+$" 5 +,,)

< P,)$/$" %$+$) ,)++,,) # ($+8"%





$"%$" $8$ ($9$/$ -$"% ,)#$8$ 8$#$ (/$$

,)++,,) '

K$+' #$8$ +,"'( ('' 5 #,)$9$ # $$( "

#,"%$" 5°C $$' 5°C #$" +,"'( (''

5 #,)$9$ # $$ " #,"%$" −5°C. !$"%$" 5 #$$ positif 5 #$" $"%$" −5

#$$ negatif 5. !$"%$" 5 #$" $"%$" −5 #$8$ #%$+$) 8$#$ (,'$ %$)( $"%$"

?,)/$ $$' )("$ (,8,) ,)/':

H+8'"$" $"%$" '$ #$8$ #$+$"%/$" #,"%$" ! -$"% $"%%$"-$ $#$$ ...

−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 .... T$"#$ ... # (,,$ /) +,+8'"-$ $) ,)$"9' $"8$ ,"

/, /) #$" $"#$ ... # /$"$" +,+8'"-$ $) ,)$"9' $"8$ ," /, /$"$". G$)(

$"%$" +8'"$" $"%$" '$ #%$+$)/$" (,8,) ,)/'.

4. PENDIDI,AN MA"EMA"I,A REALIS"I,

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http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-AsnF65CgLaQ/USf_eGUix9I/AAAAAAAAAAc/UxTXvBTT_kE/s1600/1.png



S$$ ($' /$)$/,)(/ +$,+$/$ $#$$ +,+8'"-$ 9,/ -$"% ,)(=$ $()$/. S=$

$()$/ " +,"-,$/$" $"-$/ (($ +,"%$$+ /,('$" #$$+ +$,+$/$. P),($(

+$,+$/$ (($ $/ (,$)$ "$("$ +$'8'" ",)"$("$ ,'+ +,"%%,+)$/$". T)#

I",)"$"$ M$,+$( $"# S,", S'#- ;TIMSS< +,$8)/$" $$ )$$&)$$ (/)

+$,+$/$ (($ /,$( @ I"#",($ 9$' # $$ )$$&)$$ (/) +$,+$/$ (($

I",)"$("$ #$" ,)$#$ 8$#$ )$"%/"% 34 #$" 3@ ",%$)$. R,"#$"-$ 8),($( +$,+$/$

(($ #(,$/$" , =$/) (($ -$' +,"%$$+ +$($$ (,$)$ /+8,),"(= $$' (,$)$

8$)($ #$$+ +$,+$/$.

S,$" ' ,$9$) +$,+$/$ (($ ,'+ ,)+$/"$ (,"%%$ 8,"%,)$" (($ ,"$"%

/"(,8 ($"%$ ,+$. J,"""% #$" D'"", ;1***< +,"%$$/$" $$ /,$"-$/$" (($

+,"%$$+ /,('$" #$$+ +,"%$8/$(/$" +$,+$/$ /, #$$+ ('$( /,#'8$" ),$. H$

" -$"% +,"-,$/$" ('"-$ +$,+$/$ $% (($ $#$$ /$),"$ 8,+,$9$)$"

+$,+$/$ /')$"% ,)+$/"$. G')' #$$+ 8,+,$9$)$" # /,$( #$/ +,"%$/$" #,"%$"(/,+$ -$"% ,$ #+/ , (($ #$" (($ /')$"% #,)/$" /,(,+8$$" '"'/

+,",+'/$" /,+$ #$" +,"%/"()'/( (,"#) #,&#, +$,+$/$. M,"%$/$" 8,"%$$+$"

/,#'8$" "-$$ $"$/ #,"%$" #,&#, +$,+$/$ #$$+ 8,+,$9$)$" # /,$( 8,""%

#$/'/$" $%$) 8,+,$9$)$" ,)+$/"$ ;S,#9$# 2000> P), 1**6> $+)" 2000<.

M,"')' $" #, H,"?,&P$"'," ;2000< $ $"$/ ,$9$) +$,+$/$ ,)8($ #$)

8,"%$$+$" +,),/$ (,$)&$) +$/$ $"$/ $/$" ,8$ '8$ #$" #$/ #$8$ +,"%$8/$(/$"

+$,+$/$. !,)#$($)/$" 8,"#$8$ # $$( 8,+,$9$)$" +$,+$/$ # /,$( #,/$"/$" 8$#$

/,,)/$$" $"$)$ /"(,8&/"(,8 +$,+$/$ #,"%$" 8,"%$$+$" $"$/ (,$)&$). S,$" '

8,)' +,",)$8/$" /,+$ /"(,8 +$,+$/$ -$"% ,$ #+/ $"$/ 8$#$ /,#'8$"(,$)&$) $$' 8$#$ #$"% $" ($"%$ 8,""% #$/'/$".

S$$ ($' 8,+,$9$)$" +$,+$/$ -$"% ,)),"$( 8$#$ +$,+$($( 8,"%$$+$"

(,$)&$) #$" +,",)$8/$" +$,+$/$ #$$+ /,#'8$" (,$)&$) $#$$ 8,+,$9$)$"

M$,+$/$ R,$(/ ;MR<. P,+,$9$)$" MR 8,)$+$ /$ #/,+$"%/$" #$" #$/($"$/$"

# !,$"#$ #$" # 8$"#$"% ($"%$ ,)$( '"'/ +,"%,+$"%/$" 8,"%,)$" (($.

R,$( M$,+$( E#'$" ;RME< +,)'8$/$" ,) ,$9$) +,"%$9$) #$$+

8,"##/$" +$,+$/$. T,) RME 8,)$+$ /$ #8,)/,"$/$" #$" #/,+$"%/$" # !,$"#$

8$#$ $'" 1*70 , I"(' F),'#,"$. P,)"-$$$" F),'#,"$ $$ B+$,+$/$+,)'8$/$" ('$' ,"'/ $/?$( +$"'($B +,$"#$( 8,"%,+$"%$" P,"##/$" M$,+$/$

R,$(/. P,"##/$" M$,+$/$ R,$(/ +,)'8$/$" ('$' 8,"#,/$$" #$$+ 8,+,$9$)$"

+$,+$/$ # !,$"#$. K$$ B),$(/B (,)"% #($$$)/$" (,$%$ B),$&)#B -$' #'"$

"-$$. !$"-$/ 8$/ -$"% +,"%$"%%$8 $$ P,"##/$" M$,+$/$ R,$(/ $#$$ ('$'

8,"#,/$$" 8,+,$9$)$" +$,+$/$ -$"% $)'( (,$' +,"%%'"$/$" +$($$ (,$)&$).

P,"%%'"$$" /$$ B),$(/B (,,"$)"-$ ,)$($ #$) $$($ !,$"#$ B ),$(,),"B -$"%

,)$) B'"'/ #$-$"%/$"B $$' B +$%",B ;$" #," H,'?,&P$"'," 1**@<. M,"')'

$" #," H,'?,&P$"'," 8,"%%'"$$" /$$ B),$(/B #$/ (,/,#$) +,"'"9'//$" $#$"-$

('$' /",/( #,"%$" #'"$ "-$$ ,$8 , +,"%$' 8$#$ =/'( P,"##/$" M$,+$/$

R,$(/ #$$+ +,",+8$/$" 8,",/$"$" 8,"%%'"$$" ('$' ('$( -$"% ($ #$-$"%/$"



;+$%",$,< , (($. T,) " +,"%$' 8$#$ 8,"#$8$ F),'#,"$ -$"% +,"%$$/$"

$$ +$,+$/$ $)'( #/$/$" #,"%$" ),$$ #$" +$,+$/$ +,)'8$/$" $/?$(

+$"'($. I" ,)$) +$,+$/$ $)'( #,/$ #,"%$" $"$/ #$" ),,?$" #,"%$" /,#'8$" "-$$

(,$)&$). M$,+$/$ (,$%$ $/?$( +$"'($ ,)$) +$"'($ $)'( #,)/$" /,(,+8$$"

'"'/ +,",+'/$" /,+$ #, #$" /"(,8 +$,+$/$ #,"%$" +"%$" )$"% #,$($

;G)$?,+,9,) 1**4<. U8$-$ " #$/'/$" +,$' 8,"9,$9$$" ,)$%$ ('$( #$" 8,)($$"&

8,)($$" ),$(/. R,$(/ #$$+ $ " #+$/('#/$" #$/ +,"%$' 8$#$ ),$$( ,$8

8$#$ (,('$' -$"% #$8$ #$-$"%/$" , (($ ;S,,"$$) 2000<. P)"(8 8,",+'$"

/,+$ #$8$ #"(8)$( , 8)(,#')&8)(,#') 8,+,$$" "=)+$ (,#$"%/$" 8)(,(

8,",+'$" /,+$ +,"%%'"$/$" /"(,8 +$,+$($(.

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