COST ANALYSIS IN “BEBEK VAN JAVA”

FINAL PROJECT

By

ARYO PRATOMO

19004023

Undergraduate Program

School of Business and Management

Institut Teknologi Bandung

2007

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COST ANALYSIS IN BEBEK VAN JAVA

ARYO PRATOMO 19004023 Examination Date 6 August 2007 Graduation Date 27 October 2007

Undergraduate of Management Study Program Institute Technology Bandung, 2007

Advisor: Ir. Drs. H. Arson Aliludin, SE, DEA

ABSTRACT The research is held in Bebek Van Java mid-low business, located in Dipati Ukur Street, Bandung. Bebek Van Java is a new player in culinary business with Duck as main product. Bebek Van Java establish on July 1st 2006. In Bandung, there are so many mid-low businesses that sell duct product, but just a few that have become famous and admitted about the favor. This is because tight competition that happened in culinary business, especially mid-low business with duck as a main product. This tight competition make the management must have some strategy to growth their business. As a new player in this business first step to improve company growth is doing cost analysis, so it needs to do research about cost analysis with title “Cost Analysis in Bebek Van Java”.

The purposes from this research are identification cost, calculation unit cost, BEP (Break Even Point) in Bebek Van Java. This research will help the management to determine maximum profit. This research using Account Analysis and Cost-Volume-Profit with BEP use Contribution Margin for multiple products. The result of this research show that COGS of each product. Fried duck is Rp 7,789, roasted duck is Rp 8,020, fried chicken Rp 4,983, and roasted chicken is Rp 5,450. The BEP can be reach in 13425 unit sold point. There are consist of 3268 pieces fried duck, 3778 pieces roasted duck, 2772 pieces fried chicken and 3607 pieces roasted chicken.

Profit maximum is Rp 21, 396,000. If level quantity of sold each product per month are fried duck 9600 pieces, roasted duck 0 pieces, 2400 fried chicken, 0 roasted duck, in context that there are flexibility on management in production Keywords: Cost Analysis, Managerial Accounting, Account analysis

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COST ANALYSIS IN BEBEK VAN JAVA

ARYO PRATOMO 19004023 Tanggal Ujian Akhir 6 August 2007 Tanggal Wisuda 27 October 2007

Program Studi Sarjana Management Institute Technologi Bandung, 2007

Pembimbing: Ir. Drs. H. Arson Aliludin, SE, DEA

ABSTRAK

Penelitian dilakukan di Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) Bebek Van Java yang terletak di jalan Diati Ukur, Bandung. Bebek Van Java adalah pemain baru yang bergerak dibidang makanan dengan produk utama adalah daging bebek, berdiri sejak tanggal 1 july 2006. Di Bandung, banyak UKM yang menjual produk daging bebek, tetapi yang terkenal dan diakui cita rasanya oleh pengunjung hanya sedikit. Hal ini disebabkan ketatnya persaingan didalam bisnis makanan khususnya UKM dengan produk daging bebek. Ketatnya persaingan di dalam bisnis ini membuat pihak manajemen harus membuat strategi untuk pengembangan bisnis yang dilakukan. Sebagai pemain baru di dalam bisnis makanan, langkah pertama untuk meningkatkan pengembangan adalah dengan melakukan cost analysis, maka perlu diadakan suatu penelitian tentang cost analysis dengan judul: “Cost Analysis in Bebek Van Java”

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi biaya, perhitungan COGS (Cost of Goods Sold), BEP (Break Even Point) dan perhitungan keuntungan yang terjadi di Bebek Van Java. Penelitian ini akan membantu manajemen dalam menentukan keuntungan maksimal. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Account Analysis dan Cost-Volume-Profit dengan BEP menggunakan Contribution Margin untuk multiple produk.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa COGS produk bebek goring sebesar Rp 7,789, bebek bakar Rp 8,020, ayam goreng Rp 4,983,dan ayam bakar Rp 5,450. BEP (Break-even point) diperoleh pada titik penjualan 13425 potong produk yang dijual. Produk tersebut terdiri dari 3268 potong bebek goreng, 3778 potong bebek bakar, 2772 potong ayam goreng dan 3607 potong ayam bakar. Profit maximal yang dapat di capai adalah sebesar Rp 21,396,000, jika dapat menjual per bulannya setiap produk sebesar 9600 potong bebek goring, 0 bebek bakar, 2400 ayam goring, 0 ayam bakar. Hal ini dalam konteks bahwa manajemen dapat leluasa di dalam proses produksi.

Kata Kunci: Analisa Biaya, Akuntansi Manajemen, Account analysis

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PREFACE

All praise and thanks to Allah SWT for the blessing so this final task

in title “Cost Analysis in Bebek Van Java” is done. This final task is a

requirement to finish study in SBM (School of Business and Management) –

ITB.

In this opportunity, writer would like to thank for all help and

support in morale or materially, so this final task can finish on time. For that,

writer would like to thanks to:

1. My lovely parents and brother. Thank you for your support and prayer.

2. Ir.Drs.H.Arson Aliludin,SE,DEA as a supervisor that already give

precious guidance and direction for this final task.

3. Mr. Deddy Priatmodjo K., MSc., Ph.D. for the availability as the

examiner lecture.

4. Mr. Ade, Mr. Cahyo, Mr. Didit, Mr. Taufik as Bebek Van Java’s

Management that allowed me to do final project research in Bebek Van

Java

5. All lecture in SBM-ITB that give me additional knowledge and help

during the study.

6. All Administration and Library staff ( Mr. Yayat, Mr. Iwan, Mrs. Ikum,

Mr. Radjab Malawat, Mrs. Wiwiek, etc) that helping me during my

study.

7. Photo copy officer, Mr Muji.

8. My entire cousin and big family. Thank you for your help.

9. My SBM friends that study together traverse in happy and sad time.

Never forget all of you my friends.

10. All of my friend.

Hopefully, this final task will useful for the writer and all people

that need it.

Bandung, July 2007

Aryo Pratomo

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LIST OF CONTENTS

VALIDATION PAGE ............................................................................. ii

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................. iii

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................... iv

PREFACE ................................................................................................ v

LIST OF CONTENTS ............................................................................ vi

LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................ x

LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................. xi

LIST OF APPENDIX ............................................................................. xii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 1

I.1 Background ........................................................................................ 1

I.2 Problem Formulation ......................................................................... 1

I.3 Problem Solution ............................................................................... 2

I.4 Research Scope .................................................................................. 2

I.5 Systematical Writing ......................................................................... 2

CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FONDATIONS .................................... 5

II.1 Cost Accounting ............................................................................... 5

II.2 The Meaning of Cost ........................................................................ 5

II.3 Variable, Fixed, and Mixed Cost ..................................................... 5

II.4 Manufacturing Cost .......................................................................... 6

II.5 Non Manufacturing Cost .................................................................. 8

II.6 Product and Period Cost ................................................................... 8

II.7 Account Analysis ............................................................................. 9

II.8 Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis ........................................................... 9

II.8.1 Profit Equation ........................................................................... 10

II.8.2 Break Even Point (BEP) ............................................................ 10

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY .......................................................... 13

III.1 Beginning Survey ............................................................................ 13

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III.2 Literature Study ............................................................................. 14

III.3 Problem Formulation ....................................................................... 14

III.4 Data Collection ............................................................................. 14

III.4.1 Identification Cost ................................................................. 15

III.4.2 Price Survey ........................................................................... 15

III.5 Classification, Calculation .............................................................. 15

III.5.1 Determining Fixed Cost ........................................................ 15

III.5.2 Determining Variable Cost .................................................... 16

III.5.3 Determining Production Cost ................................................ 16

III.5.4 Determining Break Even Point .............................................. 16

III.5.5 Determine Maximum Profit ................................................... 17

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS ...................................................................... 19

IV.1 Data Cost ........................................................................................ 19

IV.1.1 Direct Material Cost .............................................................. 19

IV.1.2 Direct Labor ........................................................................... 20

IV.1.3 Factory Overhead Cost .......................................................... 21

IV.1.3.1 Indirect Material Cost ................................................... 21

IV.1.3.2 Indirect Labor Cost ....................................................... 21

IV.1.3.3 Other Indirect Factory Cost .......................................... 22

IV.1.4 Commercial Cost ................................................................. 23

IV.1.4.1 Marketing Cost ............................................................ 23

IV.1.4.2 Administration Cost ...................................................... 24

IV.2 Fixed Cost ...................................................................................... 25

IV.3 Variable Cost .................................................................................. 26

IV.4 Bebek Van Java’s Business Process ................................................ 27

IV.5 Data Working Volume ..................................................................... 28

IV.6 COGS Calculation ........................................................................... 29

IV.6.1 Variable Cost ......................................................................... 29

IV.6.2 Fixed Cost ............................................................................. 31

IV.7 BEP Calculation ............................................................................. 32

IV.8 Profit Maximization ......................................................................... 33

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CHAPTER V CONCLUSION .................................................................. 39

V.1 Summary .......................................................................................... 39

V.2 Suggestion ...................................................................................... 39

REFERENCES .......................................................................................... 41

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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1 Comparison of merchandising and manufacturing firms ........... 7

Figure 2 Profit Graph and Break Even Point ............................................ 10

Figure 3 Problem Formulation .................................................................. 13

Figure 4 Bebek Van Java’s Business Flow ............................................... 27

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LIST OF TABLE

Table 1 Relationship among Cost Categories .......................................... 9

Table 2 Bebek Van Java’s Direct Material Cost ..................................... 19

Table 3 Bebek Van Java’s Direct Labor Cost ......................................... 20

Table 4 Bebek Van Java’s Direct Material Cost ..................................... 21

Table 5 Bebek Van Java’s Indirect Labor. .............................................. 22

Table 6 Bebek Van Java’s Depreciation .................................................. 22

Table 7 Bebek Van Java’s Maintenance Cost ......................................... 23

Table 8 Bebek Van Java’s Marketing Cost ............................................. 23

Table 9 Bebek Van Java’s Administration Cost ...................................... 24

Table 10 Bebek Van Java’s Fixed Cost ..................................................... 25

Table 11 Bebek Van Java’s Variable Cost ................................................ 26

Table 12 Contribution Margin per Pieces of Product ................................ 33

Table 13 Resources Need of Product ......................................................... 34

Table 14 Linear Programming Matrix ....................................................... 35

Table 15 Profit Maximization .................................................................... 36

Table 16 Profit base on Demand ............................................................... 36

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LIST OF APPENDICES

A. Linear Programming Input

B. Linear Programming Output

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VALIDATION PAGE

COST ANALYSIS IN “BEBEK VAN JAVA”

By:

ARYO PRATOMO

19004023

Undergraduate Program

School of Business and Management

Institute Technology Bandung

Validated By

(Ir. Drs. H. Arson Aliludin, SE, DEA)