CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Kelompok 10

ERIA SARTIKA / I1A012007AYU NOVIANTI / I1A012023FACHRUL SETIAWAN / I1A012026ZUWITA UTARI / I1A012030EKA SRI RAHAYU / I1A012048M. AZIZUR RAHIM / I1A012061M. GHALI ZAGITA / I1A012090

VENNA FEBRIAN KUSUMANINGRUM / I1A012174

M. RIZKI VALIAN / I1A012083DWI PUTRI SARI / I1A012086

RASYIDATURRAHMAH / I1A012094M. DEDE RAHMATULLAH / I1A012105

VIANI ELANSIA / I1A012129

Three types of conditional sentence :

Examples:◦First conditional: If I have enough money, I will go to Japan.◦Second conditional: If I had enough money, I would go to Japan.◦Third conditional: If I had had enough money, I would have gone to Japan.

ZERO ConditionalDescribes situations that are always trueHas same meaning as when or whenever

If + present simple, .... present simpletwo present simple verbs (one in the ‘if clause’ and one in the ‘main clause’)

Conditional Type 0/Zero Conditional

In zero conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present.

If clause (condition) Main clause (result)If + simple present simple present

If this thing happens that thing happens.

1. Describes situations that are always true (if = when/whenever) If I go to school, I get up at seven. (Whenever I go to school I

get up at the same time.)

2. Used when the result will always happen If water reaches 100 degrees, it boils. (It is always true, there

can’t be a different result sometimes).

3. Make statements about the real world, and often refers to general truths, such as scientific facts (time is now or always and the situation is real and possible) If you freeze water, it becomes a solid. Plants die if they don’t get enough water.

4. As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical.In zero conditional sentences, you can replace “if” with “when”, because both express general truths. The meaning will be unchanged.

If you heat ice , it melts. Ice melts if you heat it. If it rains, the grass gets wet. The grass gets wet when it rains.

5. The zero conditional is also often used to give instructions, using the imperative in the main clause. If Bill phones, tell him to meet me at the cinema. Ask Pete if you’re not sure what to do.

Conditional Type 1Used to talk about real and possible situations.

Here we use a simple present tense in the if-clause and will /can / may + infinitive in the result clause.

If I stay here a little bit longer, I will marry herIf I am hungry, I will get something to eat.If you are hungry, you can eat an apple.If it rains we may get wet.

IF + S + V1, S + WILL + V1

If she ………………….. (work) hard, she ………………….. (pass)If she works hard, she will pass.  Exercise1. If she ……………….. (invite) me, I ………………. (go)2. If it ……………………. (rain), we …………………… (cancel) the match.3. If I ……………….. (get) a promotion, I ………………… (buy) a car.4. If she ………………. (be late), we …………………. (go) without her.5. If you ………………. (ask) more politely, I ………………… (buy) you a drink.

EXERCISE

Conditional Type 2A phrase used to express something that is not possible or contrary to reality at the present time. Sentences with this type usually used to express a imaginary.To assume something in the present which in fact opposed to the present, the possibility is very small because the fact is contrary to the current situation.The facts revealed by the conditional sentence type 2 is that at this time what was not supposed to happen.

1. ‘IF’ word in FIRST (POSITIVE Sentence)

If she accepted me tomorrow, I would smile all day. (Jika besok dia menerima saya, saya akan tersenyum sepanjang hari.)Fact: but I don’t have much hope she will accept me (tapi saya tidak punya cukup keyakinan bahwa dia akan menerima saya)

2. ‘IF’ word in MIDDLE (POSITIVE Sentence)

I would sleep all day if it rained tomorrow. (Saya akan tidur sepanjang hari jika besok hujan.)Fact: but I don’t have much hope it will rain (tapi saya tidak punya cukup keyakinan bahwa besok akan hujan)

if + simple past, S + would/could/might + bare infinitive

S+would/could/might + bare infinitive + if + simple past

3. Negative Sentence

If Nisa didn’t study hard, she would fail.atau

Unless Nisa studied hard, she would fail. (Jika Nisa tidak belajar keras, dia akan gagal.)

4. Introgative Sentence

If Nisa studied hard, would she pass?

if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless.

if + simple past, would/could/might +S+ bare infinitive + ?

5. WERE replace WASIn the conditional sentence type 2, ‘were’ used to replace ‘was’ though subjects used a 3rd person pronoun (she, he, it) as well as a singular noun. This is to indicate that the underlying assumption is really just a wishful thinking because of his condition can not be met (present unreal situation).

If + S + were, would (could/might) + bare infinitive

Inverted Word Order Pada Conditional Type 2

Means the verb comes before the subjectThis condition can occur by removing the word “if” and swap the

positions of subject and verbNormal InvertedIf I (S) were (V) the

shopkeeper, I would give you discounts.

(Jika saya pemilik toko, saya akan memberimu

potongan harga.)

Were (V) I (S) the shopkeeper, I would give you discounts.

EXERCISE1. I..............(give) you a cigarette if I had one but I’m afraid I haven’t2. This soup would taste better if it ...............(have) more salt in it.3. I wouldn’t mind living in England if the weather.............(be) better.4. If I were you, I ............................(not/marry)him.

Conditional Type 3To talk about unfulfilled conditions in the past, events which did not take placeWhile in Type 1 conditional conditions are real and in Type 2 hypothetical, in Type 3 they are impossible. If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

Some time in the past, I wanted to send an invitation to a friend. I didn’t find her address, however. So in the end I didn’t send her an invitation.

If John had had the money, he would have bought a Ferrari.I knew John very well and I know that he never had much money, but he loved ferraris. He would have loved to own a ferrari, but he never had the money to buy one.

Conditional type 3 using 3 tenses:1. Past future perfect tense to write the main

sentence (main clause)2. Past perfect tense to write clauses (sub-clause or if clause)3. Simple past tense to write factHow to write facts (fact):- If the sentence modality positive, then negative facts.- If the sentence modality negative, then positive fact.- To write the fact (fact), we use conjunctions: ‘because’ or ‘so’S + WOULD HAVE +V3/been + IF + S + HAD +

V3/beenOR

IF + S + HAD + V3/been , S + WOULD HAVE +V3/been

Examples:A) Positive Sentence (Main Clause in the front) I would have spoken with you (yesterday) if I had met you.(+) Saya akan bicara dengan kamu (kemarin) jika saya bertemu kamu.

Explanation: I would have spoken with you is main clause If I had met you is if clause.

Negative Facts(-): I didn’t speak with you (yesterday) because I didn’t meet you.(-) Saya tidak bicara dengan kamu (kemarin) karena saya tidak melihat kamu.OR I didn’t meet you (yesterday), so I didn’t speak with you.(-) Saya tidak bertemu kamu (kemarin), jadi saya tidak bicara dengan kamu.

B) Negative sentence (Main clause in the front) I would not have spoken with you (yesterday) if I had not met

you.(-) Saya tidak akan bicara dengan kamu (kemarin) jika saya tidak bertemu kamu.

Positive fact:I spoke with you (yesterday) because I met you.(+) Saya bicara dengan kamu (kemarin) karena saya melihat kamu. ORI met you (yesterday), so I spoke with you.(+) Saya bertemu kamu (kemarin), jadi saya bicara dengan kamu.

C) Put the clause in the front. After clauses, separated by commas (,) If I had met you (yesterday), I would have spoken with you.(+) Jika saya bertemu kamu (kemarin), saya akan bicara dengan kamu. If I had not met you (yesterday), I would not have spoken with

you.(-) Jika saya tidak bertemu kamu (kemarin), saya tidak akan bicara dengan kamu.

EXERCISE1. Tom got to the station in time.

If he .......................... (miss) the train, he would have been late for his interview.

2. It’s good that Ann reminded me about Tom’s birthday. I....................(forget) if she hadn’t reminded me.

3. We might not have stayed at this hotel if George ..........(not/recommend) it to us.

THANK YOU