bleeding & thrombosis kursus 08
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7/23/2019 Bleeding & Thrombosis Kursus 08
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BLEEDING & THROMBOSIS
Murni IndrastiSub Bagian Nefrologi-Hipertensi
SMF Penyakit Dalam RSUP Dr Kariadi Semarang
7/23/2019 Bleeding & Thrombosis Kursus 08
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• Perdarahan & trombosis → probem serin! ter"adi pd
HD
• Perdarahan terutama disebab#an #eainan trombosit &dindin! pembuuh darah $aau "m trombosit serin!
norma% ada bana# bu#ti adana de'e# pd !i#oprotein
trombosit reseptor IIb(IIIa thd 'ibrino!en & !i#oprotein
)GP* Ib +,-.• Terapi anti#oa!uan seama HD% & pen!!unaan obat anti
pateet serin! menebab#an tendensi perdarahan.
• ,a#tu perdarahan & #adar urea merupa#an petun"u#
#asar thd perdarahan.• -a#tor ! menebab#an trombosis pd penderita HD
aitu / Hipotensi% Hiperhomosisteinemi% Dis'un!si
endote% in'amasi% manutrisi
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• 0onta# darah d!n udara pd drip 1hamber a#an
menebab#an terbentu#na #ot e2tra#orporea dia$aid!n timbunan & a!re!asi trombosit terbentu#
trombo#san aII & ter"adi a#ti'asi dari "aur #oa!uasi
intrinsi#% ter"adi 'ormasi trombin & deposisi 'ibrin.
• Pemberian heparin men1e!ah ter"adina #ot.
• Heparin a#an beri#atan d!n antitrombin III pd sir#uasi
& men!hambat 'a#tor #oa!uasi I% I3% 3I% 3II% dan
menebab#an ina#ti'asi dari 'a#tor diatas.• ,a#tu paruh heparin 456785 mnt & meman"an! d!n
adana disosiasi heparin dari #ompe# antitrombin III
7/23/2019 Bleeding & Thrombosis Kursus 08
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-a#tor ! berpen!aruh ter"adina #ot pd-a#tor
! berpen!aruh ter"adina #ot pd
e#stra#orporea /e#stra#
orporea /
• Lo$ bood 'o$
• Hi!h hemato1rit
• Hi!h utra'itration rate
• Diasis a11ess re1ir1uation
• Intradiati1 bood and bood produ1t trans'usion
• Intradiati1 ipid in'usion• 9se drip 1hambers )air e2posure% 'oam 'ormation%
turbuen1e*
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Pemberian heparin pd HD /Pemberian h
eparin pd HD /
Re!uer /Re
!uer /
• Primin! 8555 unit dii#uti 7555 unit("am% 7 "am tera#hir
tanpa heparin
Heparin minima /
Heparin minima /
• Primin! 8555 unit dii#uti 8:5 unit("am% 7 "am tera#hir tanpa
heparin
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Tar!et 1ottin! time durin! diasis
Routine eparin !igt eparin
Desired range Desired range
!est Reagent Baseline "alueDuringdialysis
#t end ofdialysis
Duringdialysis
#t end ofdialysis
$BP!! #%tin FS &'-() se% * ('+,.'-/'0
* /'+,()-')0
* /'+,()-')0
* /'+,()-')0
#1!a Sili%eous
eart.'-)' se%
* ('+
,.''-.)'0
* /'+
,2'-3'0
* /'+
,2'-3'0
* /'+
,2'-3'0
4$1!b None /-( min .'-5' 3-& 3-& 3-&
$BP!! 6 $ole Blood Partial !romoplastin !ime7 #1! 6 #%ti"ated 1lotting !ime741$! 6 4ee-$ite 1lotting !imea!ere are "arious metods of performing te #1!8 and te baseline "alue 9it some metods ismu% lo9er8 e:g 3'-.' se%:bBaseline "alues of te 4$1! "ary greatly depending on o9 te test is performed
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0ompi#asi pemberian heparin0ompi#asi pemberian heparin
• Lipid. Heparin men!a#ti'asi ipoproteinipase dan
menin!#at#an tri!iserid% menurun#an HDL #oestero.
• Trombositopeni. Heparin a#an menimbu#an terbentu#na
antibodi
6 H;T7 / menurunna "m trombosit dose dependent
6 H;T8 / terbentu#na imuno!obuin G thd heparin( pateet
'a#tor I<
•Pruritus• Hiper#aiemi. Oeh #arena supresi adosteron
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Perdarahan pd penderita diaisisPerdarahan pd penderita diaisis
• Inade#$at diassis
• ;nemi• Hb = >
• Trombositopeni
6 Pena#it imun )SLE*
6 Obat6obatan misa / m1ophenoate% a?athioprine%1i1ophospamide
6 Gan!!uan sumsum tuan!
• 0oa!uopati
6 Heparin pd HD6 Menin!#atna $a#tu paruh LM, heparin
6 Sepsis )DI@*
6 Post pasma +aresis hian!na 'a#tor pembe#uan
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Penataa#sanaan perdarahan a#ut serius pd penderita HDPenataa#sanaan perdarahan a#ut serius pd penderita HD
• Stop HD% resusitasi pasien
• ;mbi darah ut# 1rossmed & pem. #oa!uasi• Pd penderita d!n $ar'arin diberi#an terapi --P )BB A5 unit
--P*% +it 0 75685 m! i.+
• Pd penderita trombosit = :5.555 diberi#an T@
• Pd penderita d!n heparin diberi#an protamin 7 m! i.+ tiap
755 unit heparin% dosis ma#simum :5 m! dm 75 mnt sisana
diberi#an dm per6in'us dm A "am
• Pd penderita dis'un!si trombosit diberi#an Desmopresin
)DD;<P* DD;<P a#an memobiisasi 'a#tor <III & +,- "arin!an
dari endote• Perbai#an anemi d!n trans'usi sampai Hb >
• Tin!#at#an dosis diaisis pd penderita d!n diaisis ta#
ade#$at
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Penataa#sanaan perdarahan ;< +istua post diaisis
• Diberi#an #ompres es
• Bia masih berdarah diberi#an DD;<P
@ara pemberian DD;<P
• DD;<P i.+ 5.4 µ!r(#! dm :511 Na@L 5.:• ,a#tu paruh 'a#tor <III pasma :6A "am & +,- A675 "am
• DD;<P bisa menebab#an +asodiatasi & a#an tetapi
hipotensi ber#uran! d!n pemberian in'us ambat seama
45 menit• Dosis uan!an diberi#an 7868 "am seteah dosis a$a
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Penataa#sanaan perdarahan dari @<@Penataa#sanaan perdarahan dari @<@
• Beri#an te#anan o#a )d!n es*
• 0aau peru di"ahit
• Bia perdarahan msh beran"ut diberi#an DD;<P
• E+auasi R, pd hematom ! besar & pd hemotora2
• Ra$at pasien