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ENGLISH IN MIDWIFERY PRACTICE
BY
Kh Endah Widhi Astuti, M.Mid
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INTRODUCTION TO MIDWIFERY PRACTICE
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Daftar isi
Cover...................................................................................................................
Daftar isi.............................................................................................................
Kegiatan Belajar 1 : Establishing Relationship
Tujuan Pembelajaran Umum...................................................................
Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus................................................................
Uraian materi.....................................................................................
Pokok pokok materi.............................................................................
Rangkuman ........................................................................................
Tugas terstruktur ................................................................................
Test formatif .......................................................................................
Kegiatan Belajar 2: Asking – Filling in Medical Report
Tujuan Pembelajaran Umum...................................................................
Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus................................................................
Pokok- pokok materi...............................................................................
Uraian materi........................................................................................
Rangkuman ..........................................................................................
Tugas terstruktur .................................................................................
Test formatif .........................................................................................
Kegiatan Belajar 3: Explaining Procedure
Tujuan Pembelajaran Umum...................................................................
Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus................................................................
Pokok- pokok materi...............................................................................
Uraian materi..........................................................................................
Rangkuman...........................................................................................
Test formatif .....................................................................................
Tugas Akhir ......................................................................................................
Test akhir ........................................................................................................
Acuan Pustaka..................................................................................................
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Kegiatan Belajar 1
Establishing a relationship 1 0 0 M eni t
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
I. Tujuan Pembelajaran Umum : Setelah menyelesaikan kegiatan belajar 1
diharapkan mahasiswa mampu berkenalan dan bertanya dengan benar.
II. Tujuan Pembelajaran khusus: Setelah mempelajari kegiatan belajar 1
diharapkan mahasiswa mampu:
a. Melakukan perkenalan
b. Menjelaskan fungsi dan bentuk yes / no question.
c. Menjelaskan fungsi dan bentuk WH question
d. Menjelaskan fungsi dan bentuk Tag -Question
III. Pokok –pokok materi
Untuk mencapai tujuan dalam kegiatan belajar 1 ini, Anda diharapkan mempelajari tentang
konsep – konsep berikut:
A. Introducing yourself / berkenalan
B. Yes/no question
C. WH-question
D. Tag-question.
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URAIAN MATERI
A. Introducing yourself / Berkenalan
Hello! I am your new friend and I am going to help
you learn English. However first I need to get to
know you. Please tell me about yourself.
Tugas anda :lakukan percakapan dibawah ini dengan teman anda.
What‟ s your name ?
My name is…..
How old are you ?
I am…..years old
Which midwifery academy are you from ?
I am from .........Midwifery academy
Which Semester are you ?
Semester ......
Where are you from ?
I am from .........
Do you enjoy being a midwifery student ?
Yes, I do
What is your favorite midwifery subject ?
My favorite subject is ......
Where do you work ? I work in hospital
Percakapan diatas adalah contoh bagaimana seorang mahasiswa kebidanan melakukan
perkenalan dengan teman barunya. Setelah anda berkenalan dengan teman anda, sekarang
anda diharapkan memperkenalkan teman anda ke teman yang lain.
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Cara memperkenalkan teman anda
“
Sebelum melakukan percakapan sebaiknya diawali
dengan salam/ greeting.
Contoh : greetings / salam
Saat akan menutup pembicaraan dengan orang lain anda tidak boleh begitu saja meninggalkan
tetapi harus menutup pembicaraan dengan baik dan sopan.
Contoh : percakapan sebelum menutup pembicaraan
let me introduce my friend to you “ her name is........................., her hobby is ...................
she is from .................., she lives in ...........................she has lived there for ........She
studied at Midwifery academy......................she is single/ married, she has studied here
for ........... she works in........................unit.
Hello,
Good .......................Mr............/Miss/Mrs.................
Morning .................(until 12 mid day)
Afternoon ..............( until dark)
Evening...................(after dark )
Student A : It‟s been nice talking to you
Student B : nice talking to you too
atau
Student A : (I‟m sorry , but ) I have to go now
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Dilanjutkan dengan menutup pembicaraan dimana dapat diungkapkan dengan mengucapkan
ungkapan perpisahan.
Sedangkan ketika Anda bekerja atau praktek di Rumah sakit , sebaiknya anda
memperkenalkan diri kepada pasien anda
Cara memperkenalkan diri kepada pasien:
Dibawah ini adalah contoh percakapan antara bidan dan pasien
Carilah partner teman anda dan lakukan percakapan di bawah ini !
Midwife : Good morning Mrs Rieke, How are you ?
Mrs Rieke : Good morning, midwife
Midwife : How are you this morning ?
Mrs. Rieke : not very well, I think
Midwife : I‟m midwife Elli, I will take care of you today. Your name is Mrs Rieke , isn‟ it?
How can I addres you ?
Mrs Rieke : Please call me Rieke.
Midwife : Mrs Rieke, if you need my assistance , please just call me. I will help you.
Mrs Rieke : Ok, Thank you Midwife.
Midwife : Now, it‟s time for me to visit other patients. I‟ve really got to go. See you
Mrs Rieke : see you
I‟m midwife .............(name), I will take care of you today.
If you need anything, please just give me a call, a midwife will help you.
Good bye
Bye
See you later
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Latihan 1 . Pasangkan antara pertanyaan dan jawaban latihan dibawah ini.
1. Where were you born ? A year ago
2. What do you do ? Three times a week
3. Are you married ? In Solo
4. Why are you learning English ? Because I need it for my job
5. When did you start learning English ? I‟m a midwife student
6. How often do you have English Classes ? No, I‟m single
Sekarang marilah kita identifikasi pertanyaan yang kita gunakan diatas.
MENGIDENTIFIKASI PERTANYAAN
B. Yes / No Question
Contoh:
Do you have a baby?
Yes, I do
No, I don‟t
Can you lift your index finger?
Yes, I can.
No, I can.t
Membuat pertanyaan dengan Yes / No Questions
Contoh:
They are down with flu ------------ Are they down with flu ?
The disease is communicable --------- Is the disease communicable ?
The children were immunize ---------- were the children immunized yesterday ?
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C. Pertanyaan dengan WH (WH- Questions)
Terdapat 6 tipe pertanyaan dengan WH (Wh – questions). Kata Tanya ini akan menanyakan
detail tentang manusia , benda , kejadian dan sebagainya.
WHEN
When digunakan untuk bertanya waktu, tanggal, atau waktu kejadian.
contoh :
She is going to be promoted as midwife manager this month.
When is she going to be promoted as a midwife manager ?
I fractured my left leg when I was a child
When did you fracture your left leg ?
The doctor examined the hypertensive pregnant woman yesterday morning.
When did the doctor examine the hypertensive pregnant woman ?
WHAT
What digunakan untuk menanyakan objek, aktifitas atau opini.
contoh:
The talk given today is on pre-eclampsia woman
What is the title of the talk ?
Midwife Erna loves to read midwifery journals during her free time
What does midwife Erna love to do during his free time?
My patient is a civil and structural engineer.
What is your patient‟s occupation ?
5 W + 1 H
When Who Why
What Where How
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WHO
WHO digunakan untuk menanyakan orang
contoh :
I was just informed by Anna that I had to work on afternoon shift
Who informed you that you had to work on the afternoon shift?
Dr. Rita gave us a verbal order just now.
Who gave you the verbal order just now?
The midwife failed to detect the twin babies
Who failed to detect the twin babies?
WHY
WHY digunakan untuk menanyakan tentang alasan atau penyebab dari suatu kejadian /
event.
contoh :
The hospital was sued due to the negligence of its staff
Why was the hospital sued?
We cannot operate on the patient, as we have not received any consent from his
relatives yet
Why can‟t we operate on he patient?
Ratna left for Surabaya to further her studies in master degree of midwifery
Why did Ratna leave for Surabaya ?
WHERE
WHERE digunakan untuk menanyakan tempat kejadian atau tempat kegiatan
contoh :
My niece was admitted to Harapan Kita Specialist Mother and Child hospital
Where was your niece admitted to ?
I keep the medicine in the first-aid kit
Where do you keep the medicine?
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HOW
HOW digunakan untuk menanyakan tentang kondisi , keadaan, kejadian atau aktifitas
contoh :
She lost her 3 months pregnancy in an accident
How did she lose her 3 months pregnancy?
Midwife Emma helps deliver the baby carefully
How does Midwife Emma help deliver the baby ?
D. Tag –Questions
Merupakan ungkapan pertanyaan yang di pendekkan yang jawabanya yes / no
Dimana bentuk pertanyaan diakhiri dengan auxiliaries atau kata bantu yang lain ( have,
can, must, will, do,does, did, is, am, are, was dan were.
Syarat – syarat
a. Jika kalimat positif, maka akhir pertanyaan negative
b. Jika kalimat negative, maka akhir pertanyaan positif
c. Kata kerja bantu dalam kalimat harus di ulangi
d. Jika kata kerja bantu tidak ada , maka dipakai do, does atau did sesuai tenses
Kalimat positif – akhir pertanyaan negative f
contoh:
He is working, isn‟t he?
She will recover soon, won‟t she?
The clinical assistant had sent the blood specimen, hadn‟t he?
Kalimat negative = akhir pertanyaan positif
contoh:
It isn‟t rain now , is if ?
The teachers didn‟t remind the students, did they?
The midwife isn‟t prepared, is she?
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RANGKUMAN
Setelah mempelajari kegiatan belajar 1 maka dapat di ambil kesimpulan bahwa untuk berani
berbicara seseorang harus tahu apa dan bagaimana cara bertanya. Ada beberapa jenis
pertanyaan dalam bahasa Inggris diantaranya:
1. Pertanyaan dengan jawaban yes / no question atau pertanyaan tertutup
2. Pertanyaan terbuka dimana jenis pertanyaan dengan What, when, where, why, who
and how
3. Pertanyaan dengan Question tag adalah ungkapan pertanyaan yang dipendekkan yang
hanya memerlukan jawaban ya atau tidak.
Setelah anda tahu teori maka kami berharap anda berani untuk bertanya, karena hal yang
terpenting dalam belajar bahasa adalah berani mencoba dan jangan takut salah.
TUGAS
Buatlah satu contoh conversation ketika pertama kali anda kenal dengan sahabat
anda di akademi Kebidanan
Perkenalkan sahabat anda ke teman yang lain seperti pada contoh diatas
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TEST FORMATIF
Pasangkan antara pertanyaan dan jawaban dibawah ini
1. What…………? Because I wanted to
2. Who …………? Last night
3. Where ………? Rp 5000,-
4. When ……….? A sandwich
5. Why …………? By bus
6. How many ….? In Kalimantan
7. How much ….? Mariana
8. How …………? The black one
9. Whose ………? It‟s mine
10. Which ……….? Five
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Asking –Filling in Medical Report
Kegiatan Belajar 2
2 x 100 M eni t
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
I. Tujuan Pembelajaran Umum : Setelah menyelesaikan kegiatan belajar 2,
mahasiswa mampu membuat pertanyaan dan mengisi medical report pasien
dengan benar
II. Tujuan pembelajaran khusus: Setelah mempelajari kegiatan belajar 2 mahasiswa
mampu:
a. Mengajukan beberapa jenis pertanyaan untuk mendapatkan data awal
pasien
b. Mengisi medical report pasien dengan bertanya pada pasien
III. Pokok pokok materi
A. Asking question / bertanya
B. Filling in medical report / mengisi medical report pasien
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URAIAN MATERI
A. Asking question
Midwife : Good Morning Mrs Maria. I need
to fill a medical report about your health status
Patient : Sure
Midwife : Your complete name ?
Patient : Devi Maria
Midwife : What is your complete address?
Patient : Ir Sukarno , 38 .Surabaya
Midwife : What makes you come to hospital?
Patient : I have a backache.
Midwife : Where is the pain, could you point
at the pain ?
Patient : It’s around here ( pointing at the
lower back)
Midwife : Did you take any medicine for your pain ?
Patient : No,I didn’t
Midwife : Do you know the cause of pain ?
Patient : I don’t know
Midwife : What’s the pain like ?
Patient : It’s sharp
Midwife : How often do you feel the pain ?
Patient ; It’s occasional.
Midwife : Well, thank you Mrs Maria for your information. I will report this to your
obstetrician .
Carilah kata kata sulit dan temukan artinya dalam kamus.
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Beberapa pertanyaan yang sering digunakan dalam keseharian bidan
a). Pertanyaan untuk mengetahui kondisi pasien misalnya sebagai berikut !
b). Ekspresi pasien atau cara pasien menjawab tentang masalah kesehatan yang dihadapi:
1. I have + ( a part of the body + ache )
( a toothache )
(a headache)
( a backache)
2. I have ( a sore + parts of the body )
( a sore arm)
( a sore knee)
3. I have/ get + kind of physical problems
( the measles)
( the flu )
( a fever )
( a bad cough )
4. I experience + kinds of symptoms
and physical problems
( low back pain )
( difficult breathing )
5. I suffer from + kinds of certain
illness
( cancer )
( constipation )
1. What’s your problem ?
2. How are you feeling today ?
3. What makes you call me ?
4. What’s your chief complaint ?
5. What’s troubling you ?
6. What’s the matter with you ?
7. What’s wrong with you ?
8. What seems to be bothering you ?
9. Doctor “ what are the symptoms?/ what is
she complaining about ?
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Carilah arti kata dari
Toothache :....................................
Backache :....................................
Headache :....................................
Soar arm :.....................................
Soar knee :.....................................
c). Beberapa pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan nyeri yang dialami pasien
a. Current pain medication ( pengobatan yang diambil saat ini )
Question : Did you take ( any medicine / anything ) for your pain
How many do you take ?
b. Where is the pain ? ( lokasi nyeri )
Instruction; show me where the pain is ?
Point at the pain you feel
c. Describe cause of pain, if known ( penyebab nyeri jika diketahui )
Question; Do you know the cause of your pain ?
Why do you feel that ?
d. How does a pain feel to the patient? ( seperti apa nyeri yang dialami oleh
pasien ?
Question : what is the pain like ?
Is it sharp, dull, stabbing, aching ?
e. Frequency of pain ( berapa sering nyeri itu muncul )
Question: How often do you feel the pain ?
Is it occasional, frequent or constant ?
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B. Filling in Medical report / Mengisi medical report pasien
Ketika pasien baru datang bidan perlu mengambil personal data untuk mengisi medical
report tentang status kesehatan pasien
Beberapa data yang diperlukan khususnya pada pasien dengan kasus kebidanan
adalah sebagai berikut;
Data Cara Bertanya
1. Name
2. Age
3. Nationality & Race
4. Address & telephone
5. Religion
6. Marital status
7. Occupation
Chief complaint / keluhan utama
History of present illnes relates to
the chief complain or problem
1. Date and time onset
2. Specific location
3. Type of pain or discomfort
Menstrual history
1. Age at menarche
2. Duration
3. Last menstrual period,
duration and amount
What is your name?
When were you born? / Your date of birth please.
What is your nationality? What is your race ?
What is your address and telephone number ?
What is your religion?
Are you married?
What is your occupational?
What’s your problem? / what’s your chief
complaint?
When did the complaint start?
Where is the location? Or show me where the
location is?
How does the pain feel or what is the pain like?
When did you get the first time period?
How many days usually it happened ?
When did you have your last menstrual period?
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4. Dysmenorrhoea
Obstetric history
1. Gravida/ Para
2. Each pregnancy
a. Date of termination:
b. Weeks gestation:
c. Place of delivery
d. Any problem during
pregnancy, labour and
postpartum period?
e. Weight of baby birth;
f. Sex of baby:
g. Any complication h. Status of
infant at birth:
i. Present status of infant:
Contraceptive history
Present contraceptive method
a. Type
b. Side effect
c. Length of time using this
method
Is there any problem during period like
dysmenorrhoea or premenstrual syndrome?
How many children do you have? How many times
do you experience of pregnancy?
When was your previous baby born?
How many weeks was your previous pregnancy?
Where were you deliver your previous baby ?
Did you have any problem for your previous
pregnancy, labour and postpartum period?
How many kilos was your previous baby born?
Is it a boy or a girl?
Were there any complications for your previous
baby born?
How is your child now?
What type of contraceptive did you use before?
Are there any side effects?
How long did you use this method of contraceptive?
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RANGKUMAN
TUGAS
Carilah 1 kasus ditempat anda praktek, lakukan interview pada pasien anda tersebut
dan isikan dalam medical report pasien
Tuliskan hasil interview anda dalam bahasa Inggris.
Setelah mempelajari kegiatan belajar 2 maka dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa bidan harus
mampu berkomunikasi dengan pasien khususnya ketika bidan mempunyai pasien baru.
Beberapa pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan pasien baru khususnya untuk kasus
kebidanan telah di pelajari dan cara pengisian medical report akan kita praktekkan sebagai
latihan. Sekarang marilah kita lanjutkan pada kegiatan belajar selanjutnya yaitu giving
instruction.
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TES FORMATIF
CASE
The admission interview was conducted by Midwife Eka on july 10th 2013. The patient was Mrs
Fatima, 35 years old, muslim, married, a teacher, Javanes. The address is nakulo st 26, Medan,
her problem is contraction in uterus after working since 3 days ago. She has 1 son 3 years old,
he was born on March, 5th, , He was healthy, at independent midwife, normal, term. His weight
was 3000 gram. Now, Mrs Fatima is pregnant, her last menstrual period was on march 13th
2013. She had never used any contraceptive method. Menarche when she was 13 years old,
never had problem, regular every month, normal.
Bacalah kasus diatas, pahami dan isikan data diatas dalam medical report pasien.
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TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
Explaining Procedure
Kegiatan Belajar 3
1 0 0 M eni t
I. Tujuan pembelajaran Umum : Setelah menyelesaikan kegiatan belajar 3,diharapkan
mahasiswa mampu memberikan instruksi dan menjelaskan prosedur kepada pasien
II. Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus : setelah mempelajari kegiatan belajar 3, diharapkan
Mahasiswa mampu
a. Memberikan instruksi kepada pasien
b. Menjelaskan prosedur pemberian obat kepada pasien
III. Pokok-Pokok Materi
A. Giving instruction
B. Explaining medication
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URAIAN MATERI Lakukan percakapan dibawah ini dengan teman anda Midwife : Good Morning Mrs Salma?
Patient : Good Morning, midwife
Midwife : Would you stand upright here ?
Patient : Sure Midwife
Midwife : That‟s fine Mrs Salma.
Ok, don‟t move your head. Keep your head steady, look straight ahead
Patient : Ok
Midwife : Let me measure your height ?
Patient : What is my height Midwife?
Midwife : It‟s 156 cm. It‟s normal
Percakapan diatas adalah contoh bagaimana bidan memberikan instruksi untuk mengukur
tinggi badan pasien.
Sekarang marilah kita bahas bagaimana cara bidan memberikan instruksi kepada pasien.
A. Giving Instruction
Ada beberapa cara yang dilakukan bidan untuk dapat melakukan instruksi yang akan dilakukan
kepada pasien atau explaining the procedure kepada pasien
Contoh
- It‟s time to practice breastfeeding your baby
- I will assist you and help you breastfeed your baby
Give you instructions how to breastfeed your baby
Give you an example how to breast feed your baby
Kalimat lain yang bisa digunakan
This will take time
Follow / listen to my instructions
Let me help you wear your……shoes
Do you feel ……dizzy?
Fine, that‟s it
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Kalimat yang bisa digunakan bidan untuk memberi intervensi atau kalimat yang digunakan
kepada seorang pasien sebelum melakukan tindakan.
Bila pasien disarankan untuk mengukur sendiri berat badannya
Cara untuk menanyakan hasil pengukuran
Cara bidan memberitahu hasil pengukuran / observasi kepada pasien
I need to take your temperature
to weight you
to count your pulse
to measure your height
Please, weight yourself on that scale
How much do I weight ?
What is my temperature?
Blood pressure
Pulse
Height
How much do I weight?--> It is normal
It‟s 37 0 C
Your temperature is higher than normal
You weigh 67 kilo
You are 156 cm height
It is 130 over 80 mmHg
It is within normal.
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B. Explaining Medication
Sebelum memberikan obat kepada pasien bidan harus menjelaskan dulu cara
pemberian kepada pasien.
Cara memberi obat kepada pasien secara oral
Cara memberikan Peringatan kepada pasien.
Ketika bidan memberikan obat kepada pasien, biasanya ada beberapa pertanyaan dari pasien
sehubungan dengan pemberian obat
Jenis pertanyaan yang biasanya muncul adalah:
Please, take this.......one tablet a day/ three times a day
To reduce ......your temperature
To relieve your pain
Here are some tablets / pills ( which) you have to take ....one
every ....eight hours.
Have you taken the medicine ?
Take these antibiotics all up
You must call the midwife if there is adverse reaction
Don‟t take this more than ........three times / 24 hours
Don‟t use it if it makes.....a skin rash
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TUGAS
TEST FORMATIF
Buatlah 10 kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris yang berisi instruksi kepada pasien yang
berhubungan dengan pekerjaan anda sebagai seorang bidan.
Demontrasikan conversation yang anda buat dengan teman anda.
Translate ke dalam bahasa inggris
1. Silahkan anda jongkok kemudian berdiri lagi
2. Pak, sekarang saya mau mengukur tekanan darah bapak.
3. Sudahkah anda minum obat ini ?
4. Obat ini di minum 3 kali sehari
5. Ini untuk meredakan rasa mual
How should i take this .......
What is the use of this ......(tablet, medicine )?
(menanyakan fungsi obat)
How much do I have to take ......(tablets)? (Tanya dosis
obat)
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TUGAS AKHIR
RANGKUMAN
Setelah kita mempelajari tentang cara memberikan instruksi dan memberikan penjelasan
tentang pemberian obat maka dapat kita simpulkan bahwa:
1..Instruksi dapat dilakukan bila bidan dapat berkomunikasi dengan benar
2.Penjelasan tentang prosedur perlu di berikan kepada pasien agar pengobatan dapat
berjalan dengan benar .
Demikian modul 1 tentang speaking dalam kebidanan, silahkan anda melakukan praktek
mandiri agar skill anda semakin meningkat. Selanjutnya kita lanjutkan pada modul 2.
Setelah anda mempelajari modul 1, anda ditugaskan bermain peran
mengenai wawancara antara bidan dengan pasien kemudian
dokumentasikan hasil wawancara anda pada medical report. Untuk lebih
jelasnya ikuti panduan praktikum.
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TEST AKHIR
Isilah titik titik dibawah ini dengan jawaban yang benar
1. …………………accompanied the patient to the Radiology Department?
2. …………………stimulates the kidneys and intestine to absorb more calcium?
3. …………………is the philanthropist that donated an enormous amount of money to the
hospital
4. …………………did the midwife place the patient‟s bed head ticket?
5. …………………makes you think that you have malaria?
6. …………………do you know that the surgeons is reluctant to perform mastectomy on
you ?
7. ………………….was the pharmacist trained ?
8. …………………do you feel this morning ?
9. …………………are the medical students worried ?
10. ………………….is my brother supposed to undergo the appendicitis operation?
Complete this explation using these word
After food - on an empty – stomach - to take - every hours - every 6 hours – three - two –
Not allergic - antibiotics - containers - instruction
Midwife : This antibiotics are for you to take home and I would like to explain about it . There are
(1)............on the labels, but it helps if we talk about it one by one as well.
There are (2)..................separate (3).....................(4).............here look at the (5)...............There
are (6)......................penicillin. You need (7)...............these (8)................and an hour before food
or (9).............. These are the best ones for your infection as you have said before that you are
not (10)............to penicillin. The other antibiotics is metronidazole , which you need
(11)..........(12)........but this time with or (13).......................
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Bradley, R. (2008). English For Nursing and Health Care. Mc Graw Hill:New York
Cox, K & Hill, D (2004). English For Academic Purposes. Pearson Longman : Australia
Eastwood, J (1999). Oxford Practice Grammar . Oxford University Press : China
Kerr. R. & Smith, J., (1982) . NUCLEUS. English for Science and Technology. Longman:USA
Pramudya . L (2008). English For the Profesional Nurses: EPN Consultan : Jakarta
Redaksi PM (2012). Buku Jagoan Cepat Menguasai Grammar. Pustaka Makmur : Jakarta
Salina, S & Mastura,M (2008). Nursing Your English. Pearson Prentice Hall : Malaysia
Soars,L & John (…) New Headway English Course. Oxford University Press: Oxford
======================= end of modul 1 =============================
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MODUL 2
Part of speech 1
Penulis
Kh Endah Widhi Astuti, M.Mid
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MODUL 2
Daftar isi
Cover...................................................................................................................
Daftar isi..............................................................................................................
Pendahuluan.......................................................................................................
Kegiatan Belajar 1 : noun-adjective.................................................................
Tujuan Pembelajaran Umum...................................................................
Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus................................................................
Pokok- pokok materi...............................................................................
Uraian materi..........................................................................................
Rangkuman..........................................................................................
Tugas mandiri........................................................................................
Test Formatif..........................................................................................
Kegiatan Belajar 2: verb – adverb ................................................................
Tujuan Pembelajaran Umum..................................................................
Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus...............................................................
Pokok- pokok materi..............................................................................
Uraian materi.........................................................................................
Rangkuman.............................................................................................
Test Formatif..........................................................................................
Test Akhir ..........................................................................................................
Acuan Pustaka..................................................................................................
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Kegiatan Belajar 1
NOUN-ADJECTIVE 2 x1 00 m en i t
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
I. Tujuan pembelajaran Umum : Setelah mempelajari kegiatan belajar 1
mahasiswa diharapkan mampu menjelaskan noun dan adjectives
II. Tujuan pembelajaran khusus: Setelah menyelesaikan pembelajaran pada kegiatan
belajar 1 ini diharapkan mahasiswa mampu :
a. Menjelaskan pengertian noun
b. Menjelaskan bentuk noun
c. Mengidentifikasi macam macam noun
d. Mengidentifikasi tipe tipe noun
e. Menyebutkan number of noun
f. Menjelaskan tentang noun classes
g. Menjelaskan noun clause
h. Menjelaskan pengertian adjective
i. Menjelaskan jenis adjective
j. Menjelaskan tentang adjective clause
III. Pokok – Pokok Materi
A. Pengertian noun
B. Bentuk noun
C. Macam macam noun
D. Tipe tipe noun
E. Number noun
F. Noun classes
G. Noun clause
H. Pengertian adjective
I. Jenis adjective
J. Adjective clausa
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URAIAN MATERI
Didalam bahasa Inggris (grammar) terdapat “delapan bagian “ yang biasa dikenal dengan
“PART OF SPEECH”
Bacalah paragraph dibawah ini dan perhatikan kata kata yang dihitamkan (bold)
Kata yang yang dihitamkan pada paragraph diatas adalah bagian dari part of speech dan
masing masing mempunyai fungsi yang berbeda beda.
NOUN
A Noun is a name of a person, animal, place or thing (nama orang, binatang atau sesuatu)
Contoh: a midwifery student
Ratna is a midwifery student. She is a very hardworking student. Ratna
always passes her midwifery subject. However, she is very weak in
English. She speaks English poorly and her spelling is very bad. Her
friends can barely understand her when she speaks. So, her lecturer
advices her to improve her English. Yesterday, she went to the bookshop
and bought an English book. She find the book interesting and could not
wait for her first English lesson to start. Good luck Ratna !
PARTS OF SPEECH
Noun Interjection
Verb Conjunction
Adjective Preposition
Adverb pronoun
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VERB
A verb may be said to be a”doing word” or an action word ( kata kerja )
contoh ; pass, is
ADJECTIVE
An adjective describes a noun ( kata sifat adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menambahkan arti
pada kata benda atau kata yang menerangkan kata benda)
Contoh: hardworking
ADVERB
An adverb generally modifies a verb ( kata keterangan yang memberikan kejelasan terhadap
kata kerja)
Contoh: poorly
PRONOUN
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun ( kata ganti yang digunakan menggantikan
orang atau benda)
contoh: she
PREPOSITION
A preposition is a word that takes the place of a noun ( kata yang ditempatkan sebelum kata
benda)
contoh : to
CONJUNCTION
A conjunction is a word used to joint words and clauses ( kata penghubung yang berfungsi
untuk menghubungkan dua kalimat atau lebih menjadi satu kalimat)
contoh: so
EXCLAMATION / INTERJECTION
An exclamation or interjection expresses sudden emotion (kata seru adalah kata yang
digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu perasaan yang kuat seperti kekaguman, rasa sakit,
atau kegembiraan)
contoh : Good Luck Ratna
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Marilah kita mulai dengan pembahasan kita yang pertama yaitu tentang noun
I. NOUNS
A. Pengertian Noun
Noun atau kata benda adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan nama orang,
tempat, hal, kualitas, juga gagasan.
B. Bentuk-bentuk Noun
1. Concrete Noun
Yaitu kata benda yang terwujud, dapat dilihat atau disentuh.
Contoh: gold, iron, table, chair, dog, cat, book, pencil, etc.
2. Abstract Noun
Abstract Noun yaitu kata benda yang tak dapat dilihat atau disentuh.
Contoh: agreement, kindness, statement, etc.
C. Macam-Macam nouns
1. Proper nouns ( kata benda nama diri )
Contoh: Adam, Surabaya, Medan, New York
2. Common Nouns ( kata benda umum )
Contoh: Stone, Iron,Diamond,sand
3. Collective Nouns (kata benda kumpulan)
Contoh: Group, Club, Class
D. Tipe-Tipe Nouns
1. Countable Nouns
Adalah Kata benda yang dapat dihitung.
Contoh: table, car, chair, man, hospital, midwife, wheelchair, etc
2. Uncountable Nouns
Adalah Kata benda yang tak dapat dihitung
Contoh: water, sugar, butter, dust, coffee, bread
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E. Number nouns
1. Singular Nouns (kata benda tunggal)
Kata benda tunggal bersama artikel a atau an.
Contoh: a book (sebuah buku), an apple ( sepotong apel), a box (sebuah kotak)
2. Plural Nouns (kata benda jamak)
Kata benda yang menunjukkan bahwa kata benda tersebut lebih dari satu.
Contoh: I want to buy five pencils
The pens are on the table
Contoh : Plural and singular noun (kata benda tunggal dan jamak)
Singular
(tunggal)
Plural
( jamak)
Regular
(kata benda
beraturan dengan
menambahkan
s,es, ies)
Ditambah
“s”
Patient patients
Ward Wards
Nurse Nurses
Doctor Doctors
Ditambah
“es”
Virus Viruses
Class Classes
Midwife miidwives
Ditambah “ies”
Body Bodies
Baby Babies
Lady Ladies
Irregular
( tidak beraturan )
Irregular
( tidak beraturan)
Child chlidren
Woman Women
(tidak berubah)
Fish Fish
Furniture Furniture
sama antara plural dan singular Truth Truth
Honesty Honesty
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Bacalah paragraph dibawah ini, pahami isinya dan identifikasikan nouns kemudian isikan pada
kotak dibawahnya.
NO WALKERS FOR BABIES
Physiotherapists in Britain claimed that baby walkers could be harmful for babies. Baby walkers
are said to be responsible for injuring 4.000 children a year in Britain. Hence, these
physiotherapists called for a ban on baby walkers.
They also claimed that baby walkers disrupt the ability of children to develop walking and visual
skills and prevent them from exploring their surroundings.
Meanwhile, physiotherapists in the US found that children who have used baby walkers take a
longer time to sit upright, crawl and walk. The findings also indicated that babies, who had been
in walkers, did not perform well in mental tests..
Latihan 1
Carilah kata kata sulit yang belum anda
ketahui artinya dan lihat dalam kamus anda.
Singular Plural
Baby walkers
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F. Noun classes
1. Masculine Gender
Kata benda jenis kelamin laki-laki.
Contoh: Father, Uncle, boy, Husband
2. Feminime Gender
Kata benda jenis kelamin perempuan.
Contoh: Mother, Aunt, Wife
3. Neuter Gender nouns
Kata benda yang tak berjenis kelamin, atau netral.
Contoh: Bus, car, book
4. Common Gender Nouns
Kata benda yang berjenis kelamin umum.
Contoh: Baby , Friend, Teacher
Latihan 2. Bacalah dengan cermat, pahami isinya dan Identifikasi noun dalam paragraph
di bawah ini.
G. Noun Clause
Noun clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai nomina karena fungsinya sebagai
nomina, maka noun clause dapat menduduki posisi-posisi berikut:
1). Subject kalimat (subject of a sentence)
Contoh:
What you said doesn‟t convince me at all.
How he becomes so rich makes peoples curious.
What the salesman has said is untrue
That the world is round is a fact.
Mrs Joan is a 45 year old midwife, who was referred to a consultant neurologist by her
family doctor. Of late, Mrs Joan always experience dizziness when she walks for a long
distance. Mrs Joan told the neurologist that she is unable to run but is able to ride
motorcycle.
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2). Object verba transitif( object of a transitive verb)
Contoh:
I know what you mean.
I don‟t understand what he is talking about.
He said that his son would study in Australia.
3). Object preposisi ( object of a preposition)
Contoh :
Please listen to what your teacher is saying
Be careful of what you’re doing
4). Pelengkap ( complement)
Contoh :
This is what i want
That is what you need
5). Pemberi keterangan tambahan ( noun in apposition)
Contoh :
The idea that people can live without oxygen is unreasonable
The fact that Adam always come late doesn‟t surprise me
Latihan 3 . Isilah titik titik dengan jawaban di sebelah kanan ( jawaban boleh digunakan
lebih dai satu pertanyaan.
1. Nick is ..........owns enormous dog a. the man that
b. woman who sit beside me
c. the man who
d. Who / that
2. Jack is ............plays the guitar
3. ............................is a midwife
4. The man .......repaired my car is a real expert
5. I thought I recognized the assistant................served us
Apakah anda sudah memahami tentang kata benda ? sekarang marilah kita lanjutkan dengan
materi tentang kata sifat
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ADJECTIVES / kata sifat
H. Pengertian Adjectives
Kata sifat adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menambahkan arti pada kata yang
menerangkan kata benda
contoh:
1. Midwife Andini is a caring person
Adjective- caring describes the noun person
2. The ward is tidy
Adjective – tidy
POSISI ATAU LETAK ADJECTIVES
1. Sebelum kata benda
Contoh:
a. The contaminated needle must be disposed of Adjective noun
b. The haughty doctor ordered me to observe the patient‟s vital signs Adjective noun
2. Setelah kata kerja seperti: like be, seem, appear, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become,
get.
contoh:
a. The patient seems withdrawn today Verb adjective
b. I felt relief that the operation was a success
Verb adjective
c. The water in the tank is murky Be verb adjective
Latihan 4. Berikan garis bawah pada kata adjectives dalam kalimat dibawah ini
1. The newborn baby became restless when his diaper was soiled
2. The overweight child prefers sedentary activities
3. Normally, a toothbrush head gets worn, split and uneven after three months
4. He appeared uneasy when we asked about her disease
5. The cough syrup tastes bitter. However, the young boy was brave enough
to swallow it
6. Certain bacteria or tissues are acid-fast
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I. Jenis-jenis Adjectives
1. Limitting adjectives/ kata sifat terbatas
Article(kata sandang), terdiri dari: a, an, dan the.
a untuk kata berawalan consonan,
contoh: a pen, a book, a cat, etc.
an untuk kata berawalan vocal,
Contoh: an apple, an eagle, an hour, an orange, etc.
the untuk benda tunggal,
contoh: the earth, the sea, the moon, the sun, etc.
Latihan 5. isikan a, an atau the
2. Demonstrative Adjectives / kata sifat penunjuk
This = ini, menunjukkan benda yang dekat dalam bentuk tunggal
Contoh : this is my stetoscope.
These= ini, untuk menunjuk benda yang dekat dalam bentuk jamak
Contoh : these house are mine
7. Studies show that almost two-thirds of those taking anti-high blood pressure
medicines stop taking them within three years.
8. Menstrual flow become a problem if it is very heavy or frequent and might lead to
iron deficiency anaemia
9. Hormonal imbalances and lack of physical activities can contribute to childhood
obesity
10. Natural milk product are the best source of calcium as they enhance calcium
absorption within the body.
1. would you like ............tomato? There‟s one in ...........fridge
2. I have got...............problem with my phone bill
3. yes, go to ....fifth floor,.............lift is along the corridor.
4. I‟m going out for .....walk
5. They are on........floor in ............kitchen.
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That = itu, untuk menunjuk benda jauh dalam bentuk tunggal
Contoh : that book which you are reading is mine
Those= itu, untuk menunjuk benda jauh dalam benda jamak.
Contoh : those woman are our patients.
3. Possessives Adjective / kata sifat kepunyaan
My=punyaku
Contoh: my patient is a teacher
Your= punya kamu
Contoh : your neighbour is a midwife
our= punya kami/kita
contoh : our teacher expect us to study hard
their=punya mereka
contoh : their lecturers always come on time
His=punya dia laki-laki
Contoh: his wife is a nurse
her=punya dia perempuan
contoh : her husband is a doctor
its= punya dia, benda mati atau binatang
contoh: i have a book. Its colour is red
( untuk lebih jelasnya lihat modul 3 Kegiatan Belajar 1)
4. Numeral adjective / kata sifat bilangan
Cardinal number (bilangan pokok)
Contoh : 0 = zero
1 = one
2 = two etc
Ordinal number (bilangan urutan)
Contoh : the first = ke satu
the second = kedua
the third = ketiga
the fourth = keempat etc
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Dalam penulisan harus diikuti oleh “the”
Contoh : The fourth grade
Fraction number (bilangan pecahan)
Contoh : 1/2 = a half,
¼ = a fourth / a quarter
1/ 3 = a third
2/3 = two-third
5. Adjective of Indefinite quantity / kata sifat jumlah tidak tentu
Many : banyak , untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung, pada kalimat
negative dan interrogative
Contoh ; How many patients are there in your clinic?
Much : banyak, digunakan untuk kata benda yang tak dapat dihitung pada
kalimat negative dan interogatif
Contoh: Do you have much money?
A lot of : banyak , digunakan untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung pada
kalimat positif
Contoh : I have a lot of patients today.
Plenty of: banyak, digunakan untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung dan
tidak dapat dihitung dalam kalimat positif
Contoh : we have plenty of time
You must drink plenty of water
A great many : banyak, untuk kata benda yang dapat di hitung pada kalimat
positif.
Contoh : My mother has a great many rings
A few : beberapa , untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung
Contoh: I hope you can stay here for a few days.
A little : sedikit, untuk kata benda yang tidak dapat di hitung
Contoh : there is a little water in th bottle
Several : beberapa, untuk kata benda yang dapat dihitung
Contoh: several students go to hospital today
All : semua , untuk benda yang dapat dihitung dan tidak dapat dihitung
Contoh : All students must go to clinic now.
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Latihan6 . Complete paragraph dibawah ini dengan many, few, much or little
6. Interogative adjectives / kata sifat penanya
terdiri dari: which, what, whose
J. Adjective Clause
Adjective clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai adjective. adjective clause
dimulai dengan relative pronoun atau relative adverb.
Berikut ini beberapa contoh adjective clause:
1. Adjective clause dengan relative pronoun
Contoh: The man who is sitting over there is my father
2. Adjective Clause dengan relative adverb
Contoh: This is the reason why she did it.
RANGKUMAN
Setelah mempelajari tentang part of speech, anda semakin paham bahwa dalam setiap
kalimat dalam bahasa inggris terdapat susunan kata yang masing masing mempunyai
makna berbeda
1. Noun untuk menerangkan benda atau manusia
2. Adjective adalah menerangkan noun
Setelah menyelesaikan kegiatan belajar 1 ini diharapkan anda akan dapat menggunakan
dalam penulisan dan dapat membedakan jenis katanya untuk menambah pengetahua anda.
The Islanders do not have (1)..............money , and they have (2 ).............contact
with the outside world. There is not (3)........chance of the place attracting large
numbers of tourists. There are lots of bicycles but not (4)..............cars. And there
are hardly any of the modern facilities. There are (5)............shops, and there is
(6).............entertainment.
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TUGAS
1. Carilah artikel dalam bahasa Inggris. Carilah kata kata sulit yang belum anda
pahami kemudian identifikasi noun dan adjective dalam artikel tersebut.
2. Tuliskan noun minimal 20 nouns di tempat kerja anda yang berhubungan
dengan pekerjaan anda sebagai bidan sehari hari.
TES FORMATIF
Choose the correct answer
1. My father is not only the town mayor, he runs …………….., too
a. a business c. business
b. a piece of business d. some business
2. The ………………..produced at our factory in Scotland
a. good are c. goods are
b. good is d. goods is
3. I was watching TV at home when suddenly ……….rang
a. a doorbell c. doorbell
b. an doorbell d. the doorbell
4. I’ve always liked ………………..
a. chinese food c. some food of china
b. food of china d. the Chinese food
5. In England most children go …………at the age of five
a. school c. to some school
b. to school d. to the school.
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6. The government is doing nothing to help ………….
a. poor c. the poors
b. the poor d. the poor ones
7. The young man seem very ………..
a. sensible c. sensibley
b. sensiblely d. sensibly
8. A student midwife must be ………..when reporting for duty
a. pungent c. thick
b. accurate d. punctual
9. Nursing report must be …………in order to avoid any legal implications
a. punctual c. accurate
b. painful d. haughty
10. The postpartum mother complained that the analgesic injection was ……
a. anxious c. painful
b. thick d. blunt
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Kegiatan Belajar 2
verb - adverb 2 x 100 M eni t
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
Tujuan Pembelajaran
I. Tujuan Pembelajaran Umum
Setelah mempelajari kegiatan belajar 2 diharapkan mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan
tentang verb - adverb
II. Tujuan Pembelajaran khusus
Setelah mempelajari kegiatan belajar 2 ini, diharapkan mahasiswa mampu
a. Menjelaskan pengertian verb
b. Menjelaskan jenis verb
c. Menjelaskan tipe tipe verb
d. Menjelaskan infinitive
e. Menjelaskan reguler dan irregular verb
f. Menjelaskan auxilary verb
g. Menjelaskan causative verb
h. Menjelaskan subjunctive
i. Menjalaskan gerund
j. Menjelaskan active dan pasive voice
k. Menjelaskan pengertian adverb
l. Menjelaskan adverb clauses
III. Pokok – Pokok Materi
Untuk mencapai tujuan dalam kegiatan belajar 2 ini, Anda diharapkan mempelajari tentang
konsep – konsep berikut:
A. Pengertian verb
B. Jenis verb
C. Tipe tipe verb
D. infinitive
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E. reguler dan irregular verb
F. auxilary verb
G. causative verb
H. subjunctive
I. gerund
J. active dan pasive voice
K. pengertian adverb
L. adverb clauses
URAIAN MATERI Bacalah paragraph dibawah ini. Pahami isinya dan perhatikan verb pada setiap
kalimat. Carilah arti kata yang di hitamkan dalam kamus.
Kata yang digaris bawah pada paragraph diatas adalah contoh dari verb. Sekarang
marilah kita membahas tentang Verb
Breast milk provides a balanced diet for infants as it
contains all essential nutrients, increase immunity
against diseases and improves both physical and
mental growth. Thus mothers are encouraged to nurse
their bundles of joy as soon as possible after the
baby‟s birth. In some cultures, colostrums, the first milk
that appears and which is yellowish in colour, is
discarded. Mothers are urged not to discard
colostrums because it is extremely rich in antibodies,
protein, zinc and other minerals, as well as low in
lactose and fat.
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A. Pengertian verbs
Verb atau kata kerja adalah semua kata yang menyatakan perbuatan dan
perilaku atau pengertian dinamis. missal: work, drive, type, run, dan sebagainya.
B. Jenis-Jenis Verb
1. Transitive Verb (kata kerja transitif)
Transitive verb atau kata kerja transitif adalah kata kerja yang subjeknya
membutuhkan objek sebagai pelengkap untuk menyatakan suatu pengertian yang
lengkap.
2. Intransitive verb (kata kerja intransitive)
adalah kata kerja yang subjeknya tidak membutuhkan objek sebagai pelengkap
untuk menyatakan suatu pengertian yang lengkap.
3. Verbs of incomplete Predication
yaitu verba yang membutuhkan pelengkap ( complement) untuk melengkapi artinya
contoh:
C. Tipe verb
dibagi menjadi 3 jenis yaitu
1. Continous verbs
Ciri yang menonjol adalah Verbs ini merupakan kegiatan secara fisik yang biasa
dilakukan orang ( to run, to walk, to eat , to fly, to go , to say )
Contoh: I eat bread every morning
2. Noun Continous verbs
Ciri yang menonjol adalah Verbs ini merupakan sesuatu yang tidak bisa orang
kerjakan. kata kerja ini digunakan dalam continous tenses.
1. VERB
Student midwife Natalia Is inserting Naso gastric tube into the patient‟s stomach
The doctor auscultated the patient‟s chest an hour ago.
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Macam-Macam Non Continous Verbs
Abstract Verbs ( to be, to want , to cost , to seem, to need )
Possession verbs ( to belong , to own )
Emotion Verbs ( to like , to love , to hate, to dislike , to fear )
3. Mixed verbs
Ciri yang menonjol adalah verbs ini mempunyai dua arti yaitu berlaku seperti “Non-
Continous verbs” dan “continous verbs”
Contoh : Tony appears confused.
D. Infinitive
Adalah bentuk dasar dari verb. Dalam bahasa inggris, penulisan Infinitive biasanya
diawali dengan to. misalnya: (to) read, (to) eat, etc.
Meskipun, pada umumnya infinitive diawali to akan tetapi ada beberapa infinitive tanpa
to, biasanya disebut bare invinitive.
Perlu diingat, bentuk kata infinitive tidak bisa ditambah –s, -es, -ed atau –ing.
1. Bentuk-bentuk infinitive
The perfect infinitive
To have + past participle
Contoh : someone must have broken the window and climbed in
The continuous infinitive
To be + Present participle
Contoh: I happened to be waiting for the bus when the accident happened
S + V + O + to infinitive
Contoh:
I want you to study, now.
(saya ingin kamu belajar, sekarang)
The doctor advised him to stop
smoking
(dokter menasehatinya untuk
berhenti merokok)
S +V +to infinitive
Contoh:
I want to study English.
(saya ingin belajar bahasa
inggris)
He refused to go.
(Ia menolak pergi
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The perfect continuous infinitive
To have been + present participle
Contoh: the woman seemed to have been crying
The passive Infinitive
To be + past participle
Contoh: I am expecting to be given a pay – rise next month
2. Penggunaan Infinitive
dapat digunakan sebagai Nouns, adjectives, atau adverbs.
Contoh ;
To sleep is the only thing Tony wants after his double shift waiting tables at the
neighbourhood cafe
To sleep berfungsi sebagai nouns (kata benda) karena sleep sebagai subjek dari
kalimat
Latihan 1. Pilihlah jawaban yang dianggap benar
E. Regular and Irregular verbs
1. Regular verbs / kata kerja beraturan
2. Irregular verbs/ kata kerja tak beraturan
Kata kerja dalam bahasa inggris yang pembentukan lampaunya (past tense atau
past participle) tidak bisa ditambahkan akhiran –ed atau –d melainkan kata tersebut
berubah, sesuai kaidah yang ada.
Contoh : The class begins at seven o‟clock everyday
My class began at seven o‟clock yesterday
1. Hary decided ( to have / having ) a party
2. I want ( to avoid / avoiding ) hurting anyone „s feeling
3. I really dislike ( to sit / sitting) on the beach all day
4. We were planning ( hire / to hire ) a car
5. I don‟t fancy (to stay / staying) in one place all the time.
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Setelah kita mempelajari tentang kata kerja tidak beraturan marilah kita lihat contoh
daftar kata yang tidak beraturan dibawah ini.
F. Auxilary verbs
1. Pengertian
Merupakan kata kerja bantu yang diletakkan di depan kata kerja pokok untuk
membentuk „bentuk waktu‟ (tenses), ragam grammatical (voice) dan modals.
2. Bentuk-bentuk auxiliary verbs
Can digunakan untuk menyatakan kemampuan atau keahlian dan permohonan
Contoh : he can speak English fluently
May digunakan untuk menyatakan Permohonan izin dan kemungkinan
Contoh; May I beside you ?
Will digunakan untuk menyatakan Permintaan dan Janji
Contoh : I will come to your home
Shall digunakan untuk menyatakan Bantuan atau jasa dan Janji serta perintah yang
harus dilakukan
Contoh : shall I open your coat ?
Must digunakan untuk menyatakan keharusan
Contoh: You must go now
Could: digunakan untuk menyatakan permintaan yang sopan dan kemungkinan.
Contoh: could you show me the way?
Might ; digunakan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan
Contoh: she might need a car
Would digunakan untuk menyatakan permintaan secara sopan dan keinginan bila
bersama „like‟
Contoh : Would you help me , please?
What would you like to buy?
Should digunakan untuk menyatakan Anjuran dan Keharusan.
Contoh; you are tired, you should take a rest.
You should go to school.
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Latihan 2. Pilihlah jawaban dengan Shall, might, would, mustn’t , had.
G. Causative Verbs
Dapat digunakan untuk menunjukkan seseorang yang melakukan sesuatu yang
diinginkan oleh orang lain. Anda bisa menggunakan kalimat permintaan bahkan dengan
memaksa sekalipun.
1. Have/Get
Anda dapat membuat kalimat pasif atau aktif dengan menggunakan have/get
2. Make
kita dapat menggunakan kalimat aktif dengan menggunakan make. makna make
lebih kuat daripada have/get, make lebih bersifat memaksa
Subject+Make+complement+V1
Contoh : the man makes wife cook special food
Active
1. Subject + Have + complement
(usually person)c+ V1
2. Subject + get + complement
(usually person) +V1
Contoh : The
doctor had his
midwife arrange
the meeting
Passive
1. Subject + have + complement
(usually thing) + V3
2. Subject + get + Complement
(usually Thing) +V3
Contoh : Fatima
is getting his
mother to take
her photograph
1. Everyone‟s sleep. We ............make noise.
2. ............you like to go for a ride with us
3. I wonder if this is the right way, It .................not be
4. It‟s late. I think we..............better go
5. .............I.show you the way ?. oh , thank you.
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3. Let
Anda dapat menggunakan let sebagai causative, yang berarti mengijinkan
(permit/allow)
Subject+let+complement+V1
Contoh : My father let his son go to Bali with his friends
Subject+(permit/allow)+complement+V1
Contoh: My mother allowed her daughter to spend the night at her friend‟s house
4. Help
dapat digunakan sebagai causative. biasanya diikuti ole simple form atau infinitive.
S+help+Complement+V1
Contoh : Tony helped linda find her ring
H. .Subjunctive
adalah kata kerja bentuk pertama(simple form) yang ditempatkan setelah kata kerja
(verb) yang lainnya. dapat digunakan apabila anda ingin menunjukkan seseorang yang
menginginkan orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu.
Contoh kalimat:
The hospital requires that all his midwives take this training
The teacher advised that her student study hard
Latihan 3.Pilihlah jawaban yang tepat
S+Verb+that+subject+V1
1. (let’s, get ) listen to some music.
2. You should (get, have) your car serviced regularly
3. Where did you ( have , get ) your hair cut ?
4. We ( had , got) all our money stolen.
5. Laura (got, have) her shoes repaired.
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I. GERUND
Adalah bentuk kata kerja ing yang difungsikan sebagai kata benda
Contoh;
He is smoking ( sebagai kata kerja)
Smoking is prohibited ( sebagai gerund)
Fungsi gerund
1. Sebagai subjek
Contoh : reading is good hobby
Swimming is healthy sport
2. Sebagai objek
Contoh : she likes cooking
I love singing
3. Sebagai larangan
Contoh : No smoking
No parking
4. Sebagai perintah atau ajaran
Contoh :Keep smiling
Keep talking
5. Setelah preposition
Contoh: I went without saying
After dringking , i went home
Verb + ing
Kata yang diikuti gerund
Finish , like , enjoy, prefer, keep, before, after, stop
Contoh : She enjoy looking after her patients
The baby stop crying when her mother give breastfeeding.
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Latihan 4. Pilih jawaban yang benar
J . Active – passive
a. Active voice : kalimat yang subjeknya melakukan pekerjaan
Contoh:
They bring two flowers
The patient moves his bowels twice a day
b. Passive voice
Adalah kalimat yang subjeknya di kenai perbuatan
Subyeknya berasal dari obyek pada kalimat pasif
Contoh
Active : Sally feeds the patients in the morning Passive : The patients are fed by sally in the morning
S + V1 + es/es
S + to be + Viii + by + O
1. Just keep ( stirring / to stir ) the mixture until it boils
2. Mark promised ( to go / going ) shopping
3. Have you finish ( to type / typing) that letter?
4. We tend ( getting / to get ) up later at weekend.
5. My mother enjoy ( to travel / travelling) around the world.
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Latihan5. Buatlah kalimat passive dibawah ini
K. Adverbs adalah kata keterangan yang menerangkan verb, adjectives atau adverb yang
lain atau menambahkan kejelasan arti pada kata kerja
contoh:
1. We must examine the patients thoroughly
Adverb – thoroughly describes the action examine
2. The clinical assistant walked hastily towards the ambulance
Adverb-hastily describes the action walked
L. Adverb clausa : Adverbs dikategorikan dalam beberapa klas menurut penggunaaaanya.
Macam macam adverb clausa :
a) Adverbs of manner
Adverbs of manner adalah keterangan yang menyatakan cara
contoh:
- He eats alone
- The doctor examines his patients conscientiously
2. ADVERBS / kata keterangan
1. Mrs Mirna …………………(give) a 500 mg Ampicillin injection six hourly.
2. These procedures …………………..usually ………………….(perform) by the student
midwife
3. All disposable equipment …………………….(discard) immediately after use
4. These are the steps to prepare the dressing trolley. First, the trolley
…………..(wash) with soap and water. However , sometimes it ………………(map)
with antiseptic and later
5. It ………………….(dry). All sterile equipment …………………(place) on the top shelf
while all non-sterile equipment ……………………(put) on the bottom shelf.
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b). Adverbs of place
Adverbs of place adalah menyatakan tempat.
contoh:
- She searched for the psychiatric patient everywhere.
- I shall meet you here tomorrow
c). Adverbs of time
Adverbs of time digunakan untuk menyatakan waktu atau ketika sesuatu terjadi.
contoh:
- The surgeon are performing the operation now.
- We have already documented the procedure.
d). Adverbs of degree
Adverbs of degree digunalan untuk menyatakan suatu keadaan atau suatu kegiatan
contoh:
- The surgical wound is healing very well.
- The admission and emergency Department is quite busy during the
festive season due to the increase in road accidents
e). Adverbs of frequency
Adverbs of frequency digunakan untuk menunjukan berapa sering kegiatan atau
aktifitas dilakukan.
contoh:
- Patients in the intensive Care Unit must always be monitored
- She constantly complains of angina.
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Penulisan Adverb
Biasanya adverb dibentuk dari adjectives dengan menambahkan ly.
Adverbs ending in –y
Examples:
Full - Fully
Simple - simply
Legible - Legibly
Probable - Probably
Adverbs ending in –ily
Examples:
Easy - Easily
Noisy - Noisily
Hungry - Hungrily
Voluntary - Votluntarily
Adverbs ending with –iy
Examples:
Proper - Properly
Accurate - Accurately
Meticulous - Meticulously
Cheerful - Cheerfully
Adverbs, like adjectives, form their
opposites with prefixes.
Examples:
Uncertainly
Illegibly
Impatiently
Uncaringly
Adverbs ending in-ally
Examples:
Scientific - Scientifically
Systematic - systematically
Surgical - Surgically
Some adverbs do not have prefix or suffix. Examples:
Fast
Hard
Loud
Early
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Latihan 6. Berikan garis bawah pada jawaban yang benar
1. The ambulance rushed (slowly, speedily) along the highway to take the patient to the
hospital
2. The students nurses made up the bed (neatly, lazily) to make it comfortable for the
patient
3. The doctor advised me to take my medication (regularly, frequently)
4. The midwife (clumsily, carefully) spilled some disinfectant on the bed linen
5. Despite their grief, the relatives of the patient were glad that she died (awkwardly,
peacefully)
6. The mother of the newborn baby is happy to see the baby sleeping (restlessly,
soundly) in his crib
7. Dr.Ahmad always prefers to eat (lonely, alone) at the food court
8. They are extremely displeased with the patients for behaving (rudely, wisely) towards
the nurses
9. After visiting hours, relatives of the patients are (patiently, politely) asked to leave
10. The opening ceremony of the International midwifery conference will start (shortly,
quickly). I hope we will not be late.
RANGKUMAN
Semoga anda semakin paham dan semakin bersemangat untuk belajar bahasa Inggris,
Kegiatan belajar diatas merupakan dasar untuk dalam mempelajari bahasa Inggris.Dari
pembelajaran diatas dapat kita ambil kesimpulan bahwa
1. Verb adalah kata kerja dimana semua kalimat dalam bahasa inggris harus ada verb
2. Adverb adalah kata yang menjelaskan tentang kata kerja. Demikian pembelajaran kita
kali ini.
Sekali lagi, Selamat anda telah menyelesaikan modul 2, semoga apa yang anda pelajari dapat
bermanfaat. Kita lanjutkan pada modul 3.
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TES FORMATIF
Choose the correct answer
1. I think I’ll buy these shoes……..really well
a. They fit c. they are fitting
b. They have fit d. they were fitting
2. We……….to Ireland for our holidays last year
a. Goes c. have gone
b. Going d. went
3. At nine o’clock yesterday morning we…………. For the bus
a. Wait c. was waiting
b. Waiting d. were waiting
4. I …..like that coat . It’s really nice
a. Am c. very
b. Do d. yes
5. Our friends………………..meet us at the airport tonight
a. Are c. go to
b. Are going to d. will be to
6. We can’t go along here because the road is …………
a. Been repaired c. repair
b. Being repaired d. repaired
7. I can remember ………….voices in the middle of the night
a. Hear c. hearing
b. Heard d. to hear
8. Susan has to work very hard, I …………….do her job. I’m sure
a. can’t c. don’t
b. couldn’t d. shouldn’t
9. They raised the money simply …………….for it. It was easy
a. Asking c. of asking
b. By asking d. with asking
10. The driver was arrested failing ………..an accident
a. Of report c. reporting
b. Report d. to report
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A.
B.
C.
UMPAN BALIK DAN TINDAK LANJUT
Rumus : Jumlah pilihan yang benar x 100 %
Jumlah soal (score maksimal)
Jika anda mencapai nilai <75 %, maka anda harus mengulangi kembali materi kegitan
belajar 2.
TEST AKHIR
Choose the correct answer
1. We gave ………..a meal
a. at the visitors c. the visitors
b. for the visitors d. to the visitors
2. I‟m busy at the moment……….on the computer
a. I work c. I‟m work
b. I‟m working d. I working
3. Where ………………………………………the car ?
a. did you park c. parked you
b. did you parked d. you parked
4. What „s the weather like in Canada? How often ……………………………….there ?
a. does it snow c. snow it
b. does it snows d. snows it
5. The chemist‟s was open , so luckily I ………………………………..buy some aspirin.
a. can c. did can
b. can‟t d. was able to
6. ………………………….I carry that bag for you?..Oh , thank you
a. do c. will
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b. shall d. Would
7. The story I‟ve just read ………………………………Agatha Christie
a. was written c. was written from
b. was written by d. wrote
8. Some film stars ………………………be difficult to work with
a. are said c. say
b. are said to d. say to
9. Someone suggested ………………………………..for a walk
a. go c. of going
b. going d. to go
10. The police want …………………………anything suspicious
a. that we report c. us to report
b. us reporting d. we report
11. Did you congratulate Tessa …………………her exam?
a. of passing c. passing
b. on passing d. to pass
12. I need to buy……………………………………………………
a. a bread c. a loaf of bread
b. a loaf bread d. breads
13. I‟m looking for ………………………………..to cut this string
a. a pair scissors c. a scissors
b. a scissor d. some scissors
14. It‟s so boring here, nothing ever happens in ……………..place
a. that c. this
b. these d. those
15. There‟s …………………..use in complaining. They probably won‟t do anything about it.
a. a few c. few
b. a little d. little
16. Let‟s stop and have a coffee,………………..a café over there, look.
a. is c. there
b. it‟s d. there‟s
17. The house was………………building
a. a nice old stone c. a stone old nice
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b. a nice stone old d. an old nice stone
18. I…………………missed the bus. I was only just in time to catch it
a. mostly c. nearest
b. near d. nearly
19. We‟ve lived in this flat…………………..five years
a. ago c. for
b. already d. since
20. I prefer dogs ………………………..cats. I hate cats
a. from c. than
b. over d. To
21. When I looked round the door , the baby ………….
a. is sleeping c. was sleeping
b. slept d. were sleeping
22. We ………….. to Ireland for our holidays last year
a. goes c. have gone
b. going d. went
23. You haven‟t eaten your pudding,…………………it ?
a. are you no want c. don‟t want you
b. do you no want d. don‟t you want ?
24. Someone ……………….the tickets are free
a. said me c. told me
b. said me that d. told to me
25. What‟s the name of the man ……….gave us a lift
a. he c. which
b. what d. who
26. Susan is the woman …………… husband is in hospital
a. her c. whose
b. hers the d. whose the
27. If ……………….my passport, I‟ll be in trouble
a. I lose c. I lost
b. I‟ll lose d. I would lose
28. If the bus to airport hadn‟t been so late, we……………..the plane
a. caught c. would catch
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b. had caught d. would have caught
29. I just had to take………..the dog out……….of the awful weather
a. although c. even though
b. despite d. in spite
30. Anna put the electric fire on ……………..warm
a. for getting c. so she gets
b. in order get d. to get
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Bradley, R. (2008). English For Nursing and Health Care. Mc Graw Hill:New York
Cox, K & Hill, D (2004). English For Academic Purposes. Pearson Longman : Australia
Easwood, J. ( 1999 ). Oxford Practice Grammar . Oxford University Press : China
Kerr. R. & Smith, J., (1982) . NUCLEUS. English for Science and Technology. Longman:USA
Redaksi PM (2012). Buku Jagoan Cepat Menguasai Grammar. Pustaka Makmur : Jakarta
Salina, S & Mastura,M (2008). Nursing Your English. Pearson Prentice Hall : Malaysia
Soars,L & John (…) New Headway English Course. Oxford University Press: Oxford
=========================== end of modul 2============================
MODUL 3
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Part of speech 2
Penulis
Kh Endah Widhi Astuti, M.Mid
Modul 3
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Daftar isi
Cover...................................................................................................................
Daftar isi..............................................................................................................
Pendahuluan.......................................................................................................
Kegiatan Belajar 1 : Pronoun - Preposition.........................................................
Tujuan Pembelajaran Umum...................................................................
Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus................................................................
Pokok- pokok materi...............................................................................
Uraian materi..........................................................................................
Rangkuman..........................................................................................
Tugas mandiri........................................................................................
Test Formatif..........................................................................................
Kegiatan Belajar 2: Conjunction- Interjection-Comparison............................
Tujuan Pembelajaran Umum..................................................................
Tujuan Pembelajaran Khusus...............................................................
Pokok- pokok materi..............................................................................
Uraian materi.........................................................................................
Rangkuman.............................................................................................
Test Formatif..........................................................................................
Tugas mandiri.........................................................................................
Test Akhir ..........................................................................................................
Acuan Pustaka..................................................................................................
1
2
3
5
5
5
6
14
14
15
17
17
17
18
28
28
29
31
34
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prono
KEGIATAN BELAJAR 1 PRONOUN-PREPOSITION
2 x1 00 m en i t
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
I. Tujuan pembelajaran Umum : Setelah mempelajari kegiatan belajar 1,
mahasiswa diharapkan mampu menjelaskan pronoun dan preposition
II. Tujuan pembelajaran khusus: Setelah menyelesaikan kegiatan belajar 1
diharapkan mahasiswa mampu :
k. Menjelaskan pengertian pronoun
l. Menjelaskan bentuk pronoun
m. Mengidentifikasi jenis pronoun
n. Menjelaskan pengertian preposition
o. Menjelaskan jenis preposition
III. Pokok – Pokok Materi
K. Pengertian pronoun
L. Bentuk pronoun
M. Jenis –jenis pronoun
N. Pengertian prepostion
O. Jenis preposition
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URAIAN MATERI
Bacalah paragraph di bawah ini
Pahami isinya dan idetinfikasi kata kata sulit yang belum
anda pahami.
Anda pastinya sudah dapat membedakan antara noun, adjective, verb, adverb. Pada
kegiatan belajar ini anda akan mempelajari tentang pronoun. Tahukah anda kata kata
yang termasuk pronoun dalam paragraph diatas ? marilah kita mempelajarinya saat ini.
A. PRONOUNS / kata ganti
adalah kata ganti yang digunakan untuk menggantikan orang atau benda
B. Terdapat 2 bentuk pronouns:
Personal Pronouns / kata ganti orang atau benda
Possessives Pronouns/ kata ganti milik
In 1850, florence attended a training school for nurses. At
that time, nursing was an infamous profesion as nursing
care was only given by women of low moral standard.
Hence, it was against the societal code for affluent young
English women to be involved is such a profession. Miss
Nightingale‟s parents initially opposed to her career choice
but finally approved and gave her their blessings after
Mr.Nightingale became ill and received attentive care from
his daughter. Later, her father granted an allowance, which
allowed her to continue her training and work in London.
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Personal pronouns Possessive pronouns Reflexive
pronouns Subjek Objek Possessive
Adjective
Possessive
pronouns
I
You
He
She
It
We
They
Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
Them
Mine
Your
His
Her
Its
Our
Their
Mine
Yours
His
Hers
Its
Our
Their
Myself
Yourself
Himself
Herself
Itself
Ourselves
themselves
Lihat contoh dibawah ini
PERSONAL POSSESIVES
I have a Forbes watch.
You bought a pair of crutches.
She owns a pharmacy.
He took the children to the hospital.
We built a therapeutic garden in the
ward.
They clean the classroom.
The monitor of the computer is faulty. It
has been sent to the lab to be repaired.
The Forbes watch is mine.
The pair of crutches is yours.
The pharmacy is hers.
The children are his.
The therapeutic garden is ours.
The classroom is theirs.
its monitor is faulty.
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Latihan 1. Isilah titik titik dibawah ini dengan possessive adjectives
C. Jenis Jenis pronoun
3. Demonstrative Pronoun / kata ganti penunjuk
This : ini, untuk menunjuk benda dekat tunggal
These : ini , digunakan untuk benda dekat jamak
That : itu, untuk benda jauh tunggal
Those : itu, untuk benda jauh jamak
Contoh : This is my pen
These are our pens
That is your car
Those are your cars
contoh : she is admiring her brand new uniform
1. The surgeons are trying to identify ………………..weakness in the previous operation.
2. I have found a matric card which I handed over to aishah. It is ……………..matric card
3. The hospital is very large ………………….staff are highly efficient
4. My one year old daughter opens …………………..bowel once every 3 or 4 days
5. Encourage your child‟s independence and allow him to make……………..own decision
6. Midwives must observe the 5Cs‟ in caring-compasion, conscience, competence,
confidence and commitment in ………………….profession.
7. ……………………….lifestyle determines our health
8. He drew the diagram of the heart in detail. The diagram shows the heart with
…………walls an four chambers.
9. The ECG machine broke down just now…………………monitor was blank when I
switched it on..
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4. Indifinitive pronouns / kata ganti benda tak tentu
Each ; tiap tiap / setiap
One / ones : yang lainnya , yang satu
Each other; satu sama lain, untuk 2 orang
One another : satu sama lain untuk lebih dari 2 orang
Another : yang lain, untuk benda tunggal tak tentu
Others ; yang lain, untuk benda jamak tak tentu
The other : yang lain , untuk benda tunggal tertentu
The others : yang lain, untuk benda jamak tertentu
Both : kedua , untuk orang atau benda
Few : sedikit
Many ;banyak
Contoh
Ana and alike help each other with their work
One another has the same meaning
Our house is the one on the left
There are many books on the table
I;ve got two bicycle, both of them are quite old
Few customers have some into the shop
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Latihan 2.
5. Relative pronouns/ kata ganti penghubung
Digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua buah kalimat yang memiliki subjek atau objek
yang sama, sehingga pengulangan subjek atau objek tersebut. Dalam bahasa Indonesia
diterjemahkan” yang”
Who: digunakan untuk mennggantikan orang sebagai subjek
Whom : digunakan untuk menggantikan orang sebagai objek
The man is standing over there
He is my teacher
The man who is standing over there is my teacher
The man is Mr Joni
I admire him
The man whom i admire is Mr. Joni
Yourself it some us
me Ones there each other‟s
1. Take care, won‟t you. Anna look after......
2. Yes,.......would be lovely to see you again
3. If you want some apples, I‟ll get you .....
4. We have brought some food with .....
5. Who does this CD belong to ? .................I have just bought it
6. The shop doesn‟t sell new books. It only sells old.........
7. Is..............a post office near here, please
8. The two girls often wear .............clothes
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Which : digunakan untuk menggantikan bend (selain orang), baik sebagai subjek
maupun objek
That : digunakan untuk orang, benda atau binatang, baik sebagai subjek maupun objek
Whose : digunakan untuk menghubungkan dua kalimat yang mengandung unsure
kepemilikan. Bias diterjemahkan dengan “ yang.....nya”
I am reading a book
I bought the book yesterday
I am reading a book which I bought yesterday
He lent me a book
The book is very boring
The book that he lent me is very boring
Jack is a good basketball player
His father is a marketing manager in my company
Jack whose father is a marketing manager in my
company is a good basketball player
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Latihan 3.
D. PREPOSITIONS / kata depan
Preposotions adalah kata depan yaitu kata yang ditempatkan sebelum kata benda yang
menunjukkan hubungan dengan bagian bagian kalimat yang lain. kata ini menunjukan
waktu, posisi/ letak dan arah.
Daftar preposisi yang biasa digunakan:
About Above Across After
Against Along Among Around
At Before Below Beneath
Beside Between By Down
During Except For From
In in front of Into Near
Of Off On Over
Round Since Throught Till
To Towards Under Underneath
Until Up Upon With
Within Without
Which who whom where which whose
1. The plane ................has just taken off is an hour late
2. My friend Siti, ...............works at royal hospital earns much more than i do
3. Diana is someone with.............. i usually agree
4. Jakarta is the city....................the Sea games were held in 2011
5. It rained all the time,................was a great pity
6. We passed shops..................windows were decorated for idul fitri
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contoh:
The paramedic is standing in front of the ambulance.
Her morning shift starts at 7 a.m.
The patient has been in comatose for 2 days.
E. Jenis – jenis preposition
1. At , in ( tempat )
In dipakai untuk nama negeri dan kota besar
At dipakai untuk kota kecil
2. At, In, on (waktu )
At dipakai untuk waktu yang tepat, in untuk suatu bagian waktu dan on untuk nama
hari atau tanggal
3. Beside ( kegiatan nyata ), besides ( untuk pernyataan)
4. Berween , among
Between : diantara 2.
Among : diantara banyak
Dina live in Jakarta
I passed my holiday at solo
I usually go to school at seven a‟clock
Midwife sinta works in the afternoon shift
She was sitting beside me
My friend studies French besides english
I stand between the two of girls
I stand among a crowd of girls
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5. By , before, since ( dipakai dalam batas waktu tertentu )
Latihan 4. Fill in the blanks with the correct Prepositions from the box
In on at of for with from about
You must go home by seven o‟clock
The employees didn‟t go home before five o‟clock
She has been here since five o‟clock
A 62-year-old widow is appealing (1)…………financial help for her dialysis treatment. Mrs
Fatimah of Surabaya, needs (2) ………….Rp 3 million a month for her dialysis treatment
and several hundred thousand Rupiah a month for medication for hypertension. She suffers
(3)………anaemia as well.
Her husband passed away five months ago, and one (4)….…..her sons, who is working
(5)……..singapore is supporting her (6)………………Rp 2 millions monthly allowance, but
this is not enough to cover her medical expenses. Her other son is jobless.
I have been depending (7)…………….friends for help. Fatimah who is now staying alone,
said. Those who wish to help her can contact her sister-in-law, Mrs latifa
(8)……………0817956432.
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RANGKUMAN
Setelah mempelajari tentang pronoun dan preposition dapat kita ambil kesimpulan bahwa
pronoun merupakan kata ganti benda atau orang yang banyak sekali bentuknya.
Sedangkan preposition adalah kata depan baik untuk menunjukkan tempat, waktu dan
kegiatan.
Setelah menyelesaikan kegiatan belajar 1 ini diharapkan anda akan dapat menggunakan
dalam penulisan dan dapat membedakan kata dalam referensi yang anda baca.
Sekarang marilah kita lanjutkan ke kegiatan Belajar 2.
TUGAS
a. Carilah artikel dalam bahasa bahasa Inggris. Carilah kata kata sulit
yang belum anda pahami kemudian carilah pahamilah tentang pronoun
dan prepositionnya.
b. Buatlah contoh 10 kalimat yang menggunakan pronoun dan 10 kalimat
yang menggunakan preposition yang berhubungan dengan profesi
anda sebagai seorang bidan.
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TES FORMATIF
Choose the correct answer
1. Peter has two brothers, but he doesn’t speak to ……………..of them
1 any c. either
2 both d. neither
2. ……………….has left a bicycle outside
a. anyone c. someone
b. anything d. something
3. Would mind waiting ……………minutes
a. a few c. few
b. a little d. little
4. ………..countries still have a king or a queen, don’t they ?
a. any c. part
b. half d. some
5. Everyone in the group shook hands with ………
a. each other c. one the other
b. one other d. themselves
6. You can see all the information ……………the screen
a. at c. in
b. from d, on
7. Are these picture …………sale ?
a. at c. inside
b. in d. on
8. I have lived here …………last year
a. after c. for
b. by d. since
9. We do most of our business ………… summer
a. along c. in
b. at d. on
10. We are bored ……………this game
a. about c. for
b. at with
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Conjunction – interjection- comparative
Kegiatan Belajar 2
2 x1 00 m en i t
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
I. Tujuan pembelajaran Umum : Setelah mempelajari kegiatan belajar 2
mahasiswa diharapkan mampu menjelaskan conjunction , interjection ,
comparative
II. Tujuan pembelajaran khusus:Setelah menyelesaikan kegiatan belajar 2
mahasiswa mampu :
a. Menjelaskan pengertian conjunction
b. Menjelaskan bentuk conjunction
c. Menjelaskan jenis conjunction
d. Mengidentifikasi fungsi conjunction
e. Menjelaskan pengertian interjection
p. Menjelaskan pengertian comparative
q. Menjelaskan pattern dari comparative
III. Pokok – Pokok Materi
a. Pengertian conjunction
b. Bentuk conjunction
c. Jenis conjunction
d. Fungsi conjunction
e. Pengertian interjecrion
f. Pengertian comparative
g. Pattern comparative
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Uraian materi
Bacalah paragraph di bawah ini !! pahami isinya dan carilah kata kata sulit dalam kamus
Setelah anda membaca paragrap diatas, marilah kita perhatikan bahwa banyak conjuction
dan comparison yang terdapat dalam paragraph tersebut. Marilah kita bahas tentang
conjunction dan comparison.
1. CONJUNCTIONS / kata penghubung
A. Conjunctions adalah kata penghubung yang fungsinya untuk menghubungkan dua
kalimat atau lebih menjadi satu.
Mature breast milk appears between two and five days after birth.
Babies find it easier to digest breast milk because it contains a higher
ration of whey to casein (both are types of protein) compared to cow‟s
milk. This is because whey is more tolerated by an infant‟s digestive
system. Lactose , the only type of carbohydrate in breast milk, also
helps digestion and provides energy to the babies. Its presence helps
the infants to absorb essential nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus
and magnesium. General perception claims that many Asian babies
are lactose-intolerant. Contrary to this claim, studies show that
lactose-intolerance actually develops during childhood and very few
infants are allergic towards lactose. In fact, lactoglobin in cow‟s milk is
the main cause of allergies among babies. Breast-fed babies sleep
better compared to babies drinking cow milk due to the hormone
melatonin, which is found in human milk.
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Contoh conjunction yang sering di gunakan
- But (tetapi )
- And ( dan )
- Although ( walaupun )
- If (jika)
- Or ( atau )
- After ( setelah )
- Until (sampai)
- For ( sebab / karena )
- Not only .......but also ( tidak
hanya....tetapi juga.......)
- Because ( karena )
- So that ( agar / supaya)
- Where (dimana)
- In spite of ( meskipun )
B. Bentuk conjunction
1. Single form / tunggal : and , but , because , although
2. Compound / majemuk ; provided that , as long a, in order to
3. Correlatives / menghubungkan : so....that
C. Jenis conjunction
1. Coordinating conjunction : menggabungkan 2 kalimat yang berkedudukan sama
missal : and , but , or , nor, for , yet. So
2. Subordinating conjunction : menggabungkan anak kalimat dengan induk kalimatnya
dan biasanya berada di awal anak kalimat :
Missal ; if , after, although , as , because , before , how , if , once , since , then , that ,
though , till , until , when , where , whether , while.
contoh:
a. Alan expects to receive free medical treatment.
b. He is poor man.
a. b.
[BECAUSE] [Because]
Alan expects to receive free medical treatment because He is a poor man
Alan expects to receive free medical
treatment
He is poor
man
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Maznah has been eating a lot of fatty foods.
a. She is suffering from heart problem.
a b
[as a result]
As a result of eating a lot of fatty foods, Maznah is suffering from heart problem.
OR
Maznah is suffering from heart problem as a result of eating a lot of fatty foods.
D. Fungsi dari conjunctions
Conjunctions mempunyai 6 fungsi utama seperti dibawah ini:
1. ADDITION OR SIMILAR IDEAS ( ide dan kedudukan sama)
and, not only …. but also, both…and, neither…nor
And
Menggabungkan 2 kalimat yang idenya sama Contoh:
The midwives and the nurses of the ward are accompanying the doctor in the ward round
neither…nor
Menggabungkan 2 kalimat negative yang mempunyai ide yang sama contoh:
Neither the nurse nor the doctor is in the clinic at the moment.
The asthmatic patient can neither stand dust nor smoke
both…and
not only…but also Untuk penekanan
contoh:
Both my uncle and aunt have contracted AIDS
The ward is not only dirty but also crowded
Maznah has been eating a lot of fatty
foods
she is suffering from heart
problem
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2. CAUSE & EFFECT ( sebab-akibat)
because, since, as, so, so that, so … that, as long as, as a result, consequently,
therefore, due to
3. TIME / waktu
after, before, when, while, until ,as soon as, once
Untuk menunjukkan hubungan sebab akibat dari suatu aktifitas
contoh:
Daliza took two tablets of paracethemol as she had a headcache
effect cause
Norman frequented the toilet several times this morning since he had diarrhoea.
effect cause
The tumour cannot be removed because it has turned malignant.
effect cause
Professor Riaz is well-respected due to his expertise in Biochemistry.
effect cause
His gangrenous wound was so bad that the doctor had to amputate his foot.
effect cause
contoh:
While Janice was flushing the patient‟s wound, she saw some maggots
crawling out of it
As soon as the tycoon was informed of his prognosis, he immediately
engaged a lawyer to draft his will
The cardiothoracic surgeons will only decide the date of the bypass surgery
once they receive the results of the angiogram.
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4. CONTRAST / ide yang berlawanan but, yet, still, however, nevertheless, although, even though, thought, despite, in
spite of, whereas.
5. CONDITION
if, unless
If Kata sambung” if” digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kondisi yang kemungkinan ada hasilnya. Example:
if the patient’s urinary output is abnormal, you will have to inform doctor immediately
Unless Kata smbung “ unless:”artinya jika tidak (“if you don’t”.) Example:
You will not recover from your ailment, unless you take your medication regularly.
Unless you have a strong interest in nursing, you should take up other profession.
6. CHOICE / pilihan
or, either … or
Latihan 1. Berikan garis bawah pada jawaban yang benar.
Untuk menunjukkan ide yang berlawanan contoh:
She is ill, yet she refuses to see a doctor
Mazni tired hard to quit smoking but she failed
The junior doctors are hardworking although they are inexperienced
Despite her anxiety, she managed to remain calm
In spite of the excruciating labour pain, she refused to have an epidural.
Membuat suatu pilihan
Examples:
You can obtain the medicine either from the Guardian or the Georgetown
pharmacy.
Ramzi can consult Dr.Zain or Dr.Visvabalan about his condition.
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E. INTERJECTION/EXCLAMATION / kata seru
Interjections/Exclamations atau kata seru adalah kata yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan
suatu perasaan yang kuat seperti kekaguman, rasa sakit atau kegembiraan.
Contoh.
Oh! What tidy ward
to express surprise
Yes! That‟s what I call a neat incision
to express satisfaction
Oh my God! I‟m pregnant!
to express shock
Ouch! The injection is so painful!
to show pain
F. COMPARISONS: ADJECTIVE AND ADVERBS
1. I cannot be a physician (as, although) I am afraid of blood
2. Jazila can walk faster than her husband (but, even though ) she is eight month pregnant
3. (Though, Since) he is afraid of operations, he is going to alternative medicine4
4. (Either, Neither) the patient (or , nor) his relatives are allowed to read the bed head ticket
5. During the first trimester, a mother-to-be is not allowed to take any medications (unless,
since) it may affect the baby.
6. You will never know whether you are pregnant (but, unless) you take a pregnant test
7. The baby cried all night ( although, because) he was ill
8. You must complete your assignment (either, neither) by today (nor, or) tomorrow the latest
9. Many patients dislike Dr.zurina (because,so) she is haughty (and, but) rude.
10. She searched through all the papers in the drawer (but , and) the report was not there.
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Comparison adalah suatu cara untuk mengungkapkan kalimat untuk membandingkan sesuatu
yang lain.
Comparative = lebih
Superlative= paling
DEGREES OF COMPARISON
Positive Degree : tidak menunjukkan adanya perbandingan
Contoh ; your house is as big as mine
Comparative Degree ; dapat digunakan , apabila ingin menunjukkan ketidaksamaan antara
seseorang dengan yang lainnya.
Contoh ; My house is smaller than yours
Superlative Degree ; perbandingan yang melibatkan lebih dari dua orang yang memperlihatkan
paling
POSITIVE
adalah tidak
menunjukkan adanya
perbandingan, tetapi
menunjukan
kesamaan.
COMPARATIVE
digunakan untuk
menunjukkan
ketidaksamaan
seseorang dengan
yang lainnya
SUPERLATIVE
Perbandingan yang
melibatkan lebih dari
satu yang
menunjukkan siapa
paling unggul atau
sebaliknya
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Contoh ; Rena is the tallest girl in this class.
Al is not as tall as Joe Ed is taller than Al Ed is the tallest of three
Contoh
Positive Comparative Superlative
Healthy Healthier Healthiest
Tidy Tidier Tidiest
Pale Paler Palest
Busy Busier Busiest
Early Earlier Earliest
Fast Faster Fastest
Hard Harder Hardest
Kata sifat yang lebih dari 3 suku kata ditambahkan more untuk compatrative dan most untuk
superlative
Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful
Competent More competent Most competen
Beberapa bentuk comparative dan superlative yang sama
Good Better Best
Bad Worse Worst
Much More Most
Little Less Least
Late Later Latest
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PATTERNS OF COMPARISON
POSITIVE
In positive degree, we use patterns of:
„as …as…‟
„so …as…‟
„not as … as…‟ Examples:
1. The patient‟s were not as nervous as he was yesterday.
2. Rajan feels that the examination questions were as tough as last year‟s
3. Mr Yanto is not as fussy as Mr joko
COMPARATIVE
The comparative degree is usually followed by:
„…than‟ Examples: 1.This hospital is busier than it was three years ago. 2.The patient seems stronger today than he was yesterday
SUPERLATIVE
In the superlative degree, we usually use:
„the…‟ but sometimes, „a…‟ can also be used. Examples: 1.Maria aims to be the best student nurse among the her coursemates 2.This is the most complicated procedure that I have ever performed.
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Latihan.2 Read the poster below and complete the blanks with appropriate comparative ajectives
HEALTH FACTS WOMEN SHOULD KEEP IN MIND
1. Women who smoke have a ………….(great) risk
of developing lung cancer than men who smoke
the same number of cigarettes.
2. Women find it ……………..(difficult) to quit than
men
3. Women appear to be …………… (affected) by
the pain-reducing drug, ibuprofen.
4. Women lose bone mineral at a …………. (fast)
rate than men which could explain the ………….
(high) incidence of osteoporosis in women.
5. Dur
6. ing a heart attack, women tend to have …….. (subtle) symptoms than men. Abdominal
pain, nausea and fatigue generally appear as signs for women while men usually
experience chest pain.
7. Women have …………. (high) blood alcohol content than men after consuming the same
amount of alcohol even when size differences are considered.
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RANGKUMAN Setelah menyelesaikan kegiatan belajar 2 pada modul 3 ini, maka telah selesai pula
pembelajaran kita tentang part of speech. Untuk kegitan belajar ini dapat kita ambil
kesimpilan bahwa:
1. Conjunction berfungsi untuk menghubungkan 2 kalimat atau lebih untuk menjadi satu
baik yang sederajat ataupun berlawanan.
2. Interjection adalah kata seru
3. Comparison adalah perbandingan dimana terdapat tiga tingkat yaitu yang positip artinya
sama , comparative artinya lebih dan superletive yang artinya paling.
Dengan demikian semua pembelajaran kita tentang part of speech sudah berakhir, saya
berharap anda memahami dan apa yang sudah anda pelajari dapat bermanfaat bagi
anda semua. Maaf bila ada salah dalam penulisan. Smapai jumpa lagi pada modul yang
lain dilain kesempatan. THANKYOU.
LATIHAN
Buatlah 10 kalimat yang menggunakan conjuction yang berhubungan dengan kegiatan
anda sehari hari sebagai bidan.
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ORMATIF
No 1 sd 4 Jawablah dengan comparative
No 5 sd 10 pilih satu jawaban yang benar
1. Janet looks……………( thin) than she did
2. Can‟t you think of anything ……………………( intelligent ) to say ?
3. It was the …………………….( horrible ) feeling I have ever had
4. It‟s the ……………………..( large) company in the country
5. This is the place ……………….the accident happened
a. when c. where
b. who d. that
6. Sarah,…….you meet yesterday , works in advertising
a. who c. whose
b. whom d. which
7. I have been waiting ……..ten past six
a. for c. at
b. since d. ago
8. The manager ……welcomed us to the hotel
a. theirself c. itself
b. ourself d. himself
9. They don‟t like ……….much
a. ones c. another
b. each other d. anyone
10. Toms is a friend of……
a. her c. mine
b. his d. my
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Test Akhir
Choose the correct answer
1. Is that my key , or is it........................?
a. the yours c. your
b. the your‟s d. yours
2. I don‟t want to buy any of these books, I have got......
a. all c. everything
b. all them d. the all
3. The village is ...........sheffield. It‟s only six miles away
a. along c. near
b. by d. next
4. I have got a meeting ...................Thursday afternoon
a. at c. on
b. in d. to
5. You can see the details..............the computer screen
a. at c. in
b. by d. on
6. What‟s the name of the man ................gave us a lift ?
a. he c. which
b. what d. who
7. We don‟t have …………….tonight
a. many homework c. many homework
b. much homeworks d. much homework
8. She hasn‟t seen her family ………….three years ago
a. since c. from
b. for d. before
9. I like these dishes, but ……………….is a little too small
a. the tea cup c. the tea‟s cup
b. the cup of tea d. the cup for the tea
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10. You can give me a receipt if you want to, but your word is ……… for me
a. enough good c. good enough
b. good as enough d. good than enough
11. Besides being expensive, the food in the cafeteria tastes…….....
a. badly c. too much bad
b. too badly d. bad
12. It was …………..that we went camping in the mountain last weekend
a. such nice weather c. too nice weather
b. so nice a weather d. nice weather
13. Ms. Jones isn‟t as nice …..Ms smith
a. as c. like
b. for d. to
14. They are ………….my other neighbors,
a. more friendlier than c. friendly as
b. friendly than d. friendlier than
15. Betty moved from the dormitory …………….the noise
a. because c. because of
b. cause d. caused from
16. I wonder where………
a. he did go c. he went
b. did he go d. went he
17. The tendency to develop cancer, even in high-risk individuals, can be decreased
……..the amount of fruit and vegetables in the diet
a. to increase c. for increasing
b. for increase d. by increasing
18. William Torrey Harris was one of the first educators interested ………. a logical
progression of topics in the school curriculum
a. in establishing c. establishing
b. for establishing d. to establish
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19. All of the senses ………smell must pass through intermediate gateways to be processed
before they are registered in the brain
a. until c. to
b. but d. for
20. …………..orangutans live alone
a. near all c. the all
b. almost all d. the most all
21. Bill came to work at the university thirty years................today.
a. since c. from
b. before d. ago
22. Sam usually does his work very....................and well, but today he seemed a little
preoccupied
a. careful c. carefully
b. careful manner d. care
23. Although she is very popular, she is not ......................her sister
a. pretty as c. prettier than
b. as pretty d. more pretty than
24. This new soap is not much ........................................the others that i have tried.
a. different c. different from
b. different than d. different that
25. I am going to go out and .........................
a. have cut my hair c. let my hair cut
b. have may hair cut d. my hair be cut
26. We are both pleased ................honored to be guest of the president
a. also c. alike
b. and d. as
27. .......................................his wealth, he is not spoiled
a. despite of c. In spite of
b. in despite d. In spite
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28. More murders are reported ...................Desember in the United states than during any
other month.
a. on c. at
b. in d. for
29. Have you seen the book ............i was reading ?
a. who c. whose
b. whom d. that
30. We have locked .............out
a. himself c. herself
b. ourselves d. themselves
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Bradley, R. (2008). English For Nursing and Health Care. Mc Graw Hill:New York
Cox, K & Hill, D (2004). English For Academic Purposes. Pearson Longman : Australia
Easwood, J (1999). Oxford Practice Grammar. Oxford University Press: China
Kerr. R. & Smith, J., (1982) . NUCLEUS. English for Science and Technology. Longman:USA
Redaksi PM (2012). Buku Jagoan Cepat Menguasai Grammar. Pustaka Makmur : Jakarta
Salina, S & Mastura,M (2008). Nursing Your English. Pearson Prentice Hall : Malaysia
Soars,L & John (…) New Headway English Course. Oxford University Press: Oxford
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