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Conceptual Framework ofIndustrial Engineering


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Sasaran

Memahami disiplin Teknik Industri baik

yang terkait dengan:

Cakupan keilmuan, bidang garapan danprofesi

Perkembangan pola pikir, keilmuan dan

keahlian


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Materi

Conceptual Framework of IE

Evolution & Development of IE


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Engineering

ScienceIndustrial

Engineering

Object : Natural System Artificial System Integrated System

Phenomena : Determistic Det./Probabilistic Prob/Uncertainty

Output : Theory/KnowledgeProduct/service Value Added

Performance : Truth Benefit Efficiency

Validity : Absolute Relative Contextual

Start : Curiosity Need/Problem Need/Problem

Profession : Scientist Engineer Industrial Engineer


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Basic Knowledge And Tool

Basic knowledge

Logic

Creativity

Tool

Analysis

Synthesis

Process

Scientific Research


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Engineering

Prime objective: use the knowledge to design anddevelops usable devices, structure and processes

for better human life

Design ProcessIdentification of Need

Problem DefinitionSearch

Constraint

CriteriaAlternative SolutionAnalysisDecision

SpecificationCommunication


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Basic Knowledge And Tool

Basic knowledge Mathematics

Natural Sciences

Tool Analysis

Synthesis

Process Applied Research

Design


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Basic Engineering Process

Problem (Incl.Outcome)

Decision ( Best Altv.)

Synthesis of Alt.Solution

Analysis(Incld. Exptation)

Symptom/Need

Solution, System or

Method


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Characteristic Of Engineer

Solve Problem

Analyze Design System

Creativity

Analysis

Synthesis


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Engineering Function

Research

Development

Design Production &Testing

Construction

Operation


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Early Engineering Era

Egyptian Engineering (3200 BC)

Mesopotamian Engineering (2000 BC) Greek Engineering (500 BC)

Roman Engineering (320 BC)

Oriental Engineering European Engineering


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Modern Engineering Era

Big Five Engineering Newer Engineering

Civil . Nuclear

Mechanical . Computer

Electrical . Bioengineering

Chemical . Environmental

Industrial Engineering . Etc.


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Big 5 Disciplines Military Engineering

Civil Engineering Mechanical Engineering

Mathematics + Physics Mechanical Principle Steam Engine

Electrical EngineeringMathematics + Physics Electrical Science

Telegraph: Samuel Morse

Carbon filament lamp: Thomas Edison

Chemical Engineering

Mathematics + Physics + Chemistry Synthetic Material

Industrial EngineeringMathematics +Physics +Man Integrated System


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Why IE Was Born ?

As a Result of Industrial Revolution

Need for Technically Trained PeopleWho Could Plan, Organize, and Manage

the Operations of Large Complex System

Need to Increase Productivity andEfficiency of Operation System


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Pioneers Of IE

Adam SMITH

Charles BABBAGE

Eli WHITNEY

Henry TOWNE

Frederick W TAYLOR

Frank B GILBERTH Lillian GILBERTH


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Adam SMITH

Wealth of Nations (1776)

Specialization of Labor

Division of the task in pin making into 4

separate operations increased output by a

factor of almost 5 10 worker could produce 48.000 pins per day


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Charles BABBAGEOn the Economy of Machinery and Manufacture (1832)

motion and time study

division of labor

Result of factory visit in England and USA(early 1800)

Observed the manufacture of straight pins that:

involve 7 distinct operations

measured the cost and time of performing each operation

Money Could Be Saved Using Woman and Children Critics : Do not attempt to improve the work methods

or reduce the operation time


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Henry TOWNE

The Engineer As Economist (1886)

Stressed the Need for Engineers to Be Concerned

With the Profitability Effect of Their Decisions


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Frederick Winslow TAYLOR(1856-1915)

FW Taylor was Influenced by Towne and Wentworth

1874 : Machinist Apprentice in the Hydraulic Work

1983 : Mechanical Engineer From Stevens Institute and

Work at Midvale Steel Company 1881 : Began Study of Metal Cutting

1895: Presented A Piece Rate System at ASME Meeting

1903: Presented Shop Management

1909: Presented Principle of Scientific Management


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Principle of Scientific Management

1. Develop a science for each element of a mans work,which replaces the old rule of thumb method

2. Select scientifically and then train, teach, and developthe workman, whereas previously he chose his own

work methods and trained himself as best as he could3. Cooperate heartily with the men so as to ensure that

all of the work being done is in accordance with theprinciples of the science which has been develop

4. There is almost an equal division of the work and theresponsibility between management and theworkmen. The management takes over all work forwhich they are better fitted than the workman.


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Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other

Engineering and Scientific Disciplines

Civil

Engineering

Electrical

Engineering

Mechanical

Engineering

Chemical

Engineering

Industrial

Engineering

ManufacturingEngineering

Early IndustrialEngineering

(ScientificManagement)

Ergonomics

Economics

Physiology

Psychology and

Sociology

Statistics

Mathematics Physics

Operation Research

Quality &

Reliability

Computer & Inf.Sci

Control Theory

Productivity

Science

Chemistry

Military

Engineering

Logic

Early Management

Philosophy


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Industrial Engineering ?

Industrial Engineering Is Concerned With the Design,Improvement, and Installation ofIntegrated Systems of

People, Material, Information, Equipment, and Energy. It

Draws Upon Specialized Knowledge and Skill in the

Mathematical, Physical, and Social Sciences Together

With the Principles and Methods of Engineering Analysis

and Design to Specify, Predict, and Evaluate the Results to

Be Obtained From Such System

Object Knowledge Skill Job


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Object

Integrated System

People/Man

+Material + Equipment + Information + Energy


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Schematic Representation of Integrated System

MachineMan

Mat

Boundary

Environment

Input Out-put

: InteractionFeed-back


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Types of Research

Basic Research Applied Research- Curiosity - Need/Problem- Theory/Explanation - Product/Service/Method

- Neutral - Purposive

- Public Domain - Private Domain

Discovery Invention


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Knowledge

Mathematics

Physics

Social Sciences


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Skill

Method of Engineering Analysis

Design


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Job

Design

Installation

Improvement


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Performance

Efficiency

Effective + Min Cost

Objective

Achievement/Actual


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Contextual

2 + 2 = ?


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What Does IE Do ?

Production Management CorporateOperations System Services

* Product &Services * Information System *Comprehensive Planning* Manufacturing Process * Financial &Cost System *Policies & Procedures* Facilities * Personnel * Performance Measurement* Work Methods & Standards * Analysis* Production Planning & Control


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Evolution and Development of

Industrial EngineeringDicipline


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Chronology Of Development In The

Evolution Of IE

1494 1750 1890 1900 1915 1929 1941 1958 1980 1990 2000

Industrial World Depres World Space High GlobalizationRevolution War I sion War II Age Technology

Time Piece Layout Net- Optimi- Auto- CIMAccounting Studi Work SQC work zation mation

Scientific Management

Industrial Engineering

Industrial & SystemEngineering

Operation Research

Micro View

InterchangeablePart

Macro View


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Relationship of Industrial Engineering to Other

Engineering and Scientific Disciplines

Civil

Engineering

Electrical

Engineering

Mechanical

Engineering

Chemical

Engineering

Industrial

Engineering

ManufacturingEngineering

Early IndustrialEngineering

(ScientificManagement)

Ergonomics

Economics

Physiology

Psychology and

Sociology

Statistics

Mathematics Physics

Operation Research

Quality &

Reliability

Computer & Inf.Sci

Control Theory

Productivity

Science

Chemistry

Military

Engineering

Logic

Early Management

Philosophy


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IE ThoughtScientific

Management

Adm & Behavior

Management

Management

Science

Systemic &

Integrated

Man-Machine

SystemHuman and

Organization

Optimization

and Modeling

Integrated

System

End of 18Century

End of 18Century

Beginning of20 Century

Mid of 20Century


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Obyek dan Keilmuan Teknik Industri

Obyek Komponen Keilmuan KinerjaWork Man, Machine Ergonomy ProductivityStation Material Eng. Economy Efficiency

Psychology

Manufactur Man, Machine Inventory, PPC QCD

Material Quality ControlLay out, OR &Modeling

Company Labor, Facility Management ROI, IRR,Material Leadership ROE

Behavior Science

Industrial Labor, Material Policy QualitySystem Infrastructure Systemic Approach Welfare


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Perkembangan Teknik Industri S/D 1950

TOKOH-TOKOH: Adam Smith (1776) : Specialisation, productivity Charles Babbage (1832): Pembagian kerja Frederick W. Taylor (1905): Scientific management Frank & Lilian Gilberth (1912): Micro-motion study Fayol : The 14 Principle of Management

ORGANISASI: Society to Promote the Science of Management (1912), The Taylor

Society (1915), Society of IndustrialEngineers (1917).

KONSEP-KONSEP: Wealth of Nations: spesialisasi / keahlian untuk produktivitas Economy of Machinery and Manufacturers: pembagian kerja Principles of Scietific Management Human Factors: micro-motion economy Principle of Management


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Perkembangan Teknik Industri 1950 - 1970

AIIE : American Institute of Industrial

Engineers (1948) BIDANG PERHATIAN:

Teknik tata Cara

Pengukuran Kerja

Pengendalian: Produksi, Persediaan, Mutu, Beaya,Anggaran

Evaluasi Jabatan, Sistem Pengupahan: analisis jabatan,analisis kinerja, upah perangsang, administrasi pengupahan

Rancangan dan Fasilitas Pabrik: tata letak, pengadaan danperemajaan peralatan, perancangan produk, perkakas,

peralatan. SARANA:

Statistika, Penelitian Operasional, Psikologi Industri


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Perkembangan Teknik Industri 1970 - 1990

AIIE menjadi IIE BIDANG PERHATIAN:

Bidang Industri, : Antariksa, Bank dan Keuangan, IndustriElektronika, Pemerintahan, Seni Grafis, Pelayanan Kesehatan,

Retail, Industri Baja, Transportasi dan Distribusi, Utilitas Bidang Sistem Manusia dan Informasi : Komputer dan

Sistem Informasi, Ekonomi Teknik, Ergonomi, Hubungan Kerja

dan Industri, Manajemen, Pengukuran Kerja, Tatacara.

Bidang Sistem Produksi : Manajemen Energi, Perancangan

dan Perencanaan Fasilitas, Sistem Manufaktur, PenelitianOperasional, Pengendalian produksi dan Persediaan,Pengendalian Mutu, Keandalan.


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Perkembangan Sejak 1990

TOPIK-TOPIK BARU:

CIM : Computer Integrated Manufacturing

DSS : Decision Support System

JIS : Just-in-Time Process Planning

Perkembangan Variasi dari Sistem Produksi, PenelitianOperasional, Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, dsb.

Knowledge-based Management, dll.

TOPIK-TOPIK LAMA TETAP BERKEMBANG:

Ergonomi, dsb.

DIDASARI OLEH PERKEMBANGAN KOMPUTERDAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI


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Proyeksi Perkembangan Abad Ke -21

SANGAT DIPENGARUHI OLEH TEKNOLOGIINFORMASI: Perubahan pola kerja, gaya hidup dan bentuk transaksi Perubahan gaya kepemimpinan dan manajemen Pergeseran pengendali kekuasaan ekonomi dan politik

PERUBAHAN POLA KERJA, GAYA HIDUP, TRANSAKSI:

Kerja individual, outsourcing / networking, modal mayaInternet driven : E-commerce, e-mail, distance learning &

services KEPEMIMPINAN MASA DEPAN:

Visioner, Kreatif, Transformatif, Komunikatif, Memberdayakan,Integratif-Networking-Sinergis, High-Touch & High-Tech,Antisipatif, Adaptif, Kompeten.

PENGENDALI KEKUASAAN: Bergeser dari Pimpinan Negara ke Pimpinan Pengendali

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