b-3 kul-2b tindak pidana

7/21/2019 B-3 Kul-2b Tindak Pidana

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Ruang lingkup

masalah

• Pengertian & Istilah

• Masalah sumber hukum

• Bentuk-bentuk tindak pidana

- TP (crime/strafbaar feit) : istilah yuridis.

- apkh “pengertian yuridis” dari TP?



ISTILAH-ISTILAH YangBerhubungan Dengan TINDAK

PIDANA

criminal act; criminal offence; offences; crime; felony; misdemeanour; serious offences; less serious offences

(petty/summary offences); zbrodnia, wijstepek; inchoate offences (incitement/solicitation;

attempt; conspiracy;); preparation; complicity (principal; accessory; actual offender;

aiding and abetting; counseling or procuring); homicide; murder; manslaughter; infanticide;

parenticide;



ISTILAH

KEJAHATAN PELANGGARAN

Felony Misdemeanor

Serious Offence Less Serious Offence

(Petty/summary offences)

Misdrijven Overtredingen

Zbrodnia Wijstepek

Mala in se (mala per se)

(acts wrong in themselves)

Mala (quia) prohibita

(acts wrong because they

are prohibited)

Intrinsically wrong Legally wrong

Rechtsdelict Wetsdelict



PERBANDINGAN JENIS TP

HUKUM ISLAM COMMON LAW

1. Hudud 1. felony2. Ta’zir 2. misdemeanor

3. Qesas -- tidak ada --



ACTUS REUS =

CRIMINAL ACT

• Actus reus mengandung unsur:

1) Conduct;

2) Consequences (result);3) Conditions (circumstances).

• Actus reus :• Willed/voluntary activity

• A willed muscular movement



PENGERTIAN

(PERUMUSAN TINDAK PIDANA)

• Ada yang merumuskan & ada yang tidak;

• Yang merumuskan, a.l. :

– ARMENIA - LATVIA

– BELARUS - MACEDONIA

– BRUNEI - PERANCIS

– BULGARIA - ROMANIA

– CHINA - SWEDIA

– JERMAN - YUGOSLAVIA

– MOLDOVA - KOSOVO

– SERBIA - UKRAINA

– Polandia

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/HANDOUT%20(cd-2)%20gab/Handout%20Perband.HP/MSLAH%20TINDAK%20PIDANA/TP%20formulasi%20perbdgn.doc







Pengertian/hakikat Tindak Pidana

(KUHP Armenia)

• Article 18. The notion of crime.1. The willful committal of a socially dangerous act envisaged in this

Code is considered a crime. (matrik-2010 no. 8)

Kejahatan (Tindak Pidana) adalah :• perbuatan yang membahayakan masyarakat :

• yang ditetapkan dalam UU (KUHP)• dilakukan dengan sengaja.

2. The act or inaction which may formally contain the features of an actenvisaged in this Code, but which, however, does not present publicdanger because of its little significance, i.e. it did not cause or couldnot have caused significant damage to an individual or a legal entity,

to the society or the state, is not considered a crime.• Tidak merupakan crime/tindak pidana, apabila perbuatan yang sudah

memenuhi ketentuan UU itu tidak menimbulkan bahaya publik atausangat kecil bahaya sosialnya (does not present public danger becauseof its little significance)

Klik

Kul-1

PHP

no.

13

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/A.%20P'tar,%20Pengert,%20Rg%20lgkp/A.1%20KUL-1%20Perb%20HP%20(pengert-rg.lgkp).ppt















TIDAK MERUPAKAN TP (Crime)

ARMENIA

apabila perbuatan yang

sudah memenuhiketentuan UU itu tidak

menimbulkan bahaya

publik atau sangat kecil

bahaya sosialnya

(does not present public

danger because of its

little significance)

CHINA

“apabila keadaan-

keadaan yang dilarang oleh UU itu sangat kecil

dan bahayanya tidak

begitu besar”

(if the circumstances are

clearly minor and the

harm is not great ).



KUHP ARMENIA

• Article 18. The notion of crime.1. The willful committal of a socially dangerous act envisaged inthis Code is considered a crime.

2. The act or inaction which may formally contain the features ofan act envisaged in this Code, but which, however, does notpresent public danger because of its little significance, i.e. it did

not cause or could not have caused significant damage to anindividual or a legal entity, to the society or the state, is notconsidered a crime.

• Catatan : – KUHP Armenia hanya terdiri dari 2 bagian : (1) General Part,

dan (2) Special Part (yg memuat berbagai perumusan “crime”).

– Jadi yang dimaksud dengan “crime” adalah “tindak pidana”.



Pengertian/hakikat Tindak Pidana

(KUHP Armenia)• Unsur utama dari “Crime” (TP) :

1) The willful committal of a socially dangerous act,

2) envisaged in this Code;

Tidak merupakan TP apabila :

- does not present public danger because of its littlesignificance, i.e. it did not cause or could not havecaused significant damage to an individual or a legalentity, to the society or the state.

Pengertian TP di Armenia ini pada intinya sama dgn diKUHP Bellarus, Bulgaria, China, Latvia, & Yugoslavia,walaupun ada perbedaan formulasinya.



PENGERTIAN TINDAK

PIDANA• KUHP BELLARUS

Article 7. Notion of the Crime

The crime shall be a perpetrated socially dangerous action (omission)which is prohibited by this Code. The crime shall not be an action oromission which, though formally containing signs of any action envisagedby the criminal law, poses no social danger by virtue of its little

significance.

• KUHP BULGARIA

Art. 9

(1) Crime shall be an act dangerous to society (action or inaction), whichhas been culpably committed and which has been declared punishableby law.

(2) Criminal shall not be an act which, although formally containing theelements of crime provided by law, because of its insignificance is notdangerous to society or its danger to society is obviously insignificant.



PENGERTIAN TINDAK PIDANA

(KUHP CHINA)Article 13.

All acts that endanger the sovereignty, territorial integrity, andsecurity of the state; split the state; subvert the political power of thepeople's democratic dictatorship and overthrow the socialist system;undermine social and economic order; violate property owned by the

state or property collectively owned by the laboring masses; violatecitizens' privately owned property; infringe upon citizens' rights of theperson, democratic rights. and other rights; and other acts thatendanger society, are crimes if according to law they should becriminally punished. However, if the circumstances are clearly minorand the harm is not great, they are not to be deemed crimes.

Resume :- Merupakan kejahatan (TP) apabila perbuatan itu :

- Membahayakan masyarakat; dan

- Dirumuskan dalam UU

(Cttn : kesalahan tidak dimasukkan sbg unsur TP)

- Tidak merupakan TP, apabila bahayanya sangat kecil atau tidak besar.



KUHP LATVIA

• Section 6. The Concept of a Criminal Offence 1. An offence (act or failure to act), committed deliberately

(intentionally) or through negligence, provided for in this Law,and for the commission of which criminal punishment is set out,shall be considered a criminal offence.

2. An offence (act or failure to act) which has the constituentelements of an offence set out in this Law, but has beencommitted in circumstances which exclude criminal liability,shall not be considered criminal.

Resume :

- Dlm perumusan TP dimasukkan unsur kesalahan

(dolus/culpa);- Tidak merupakan TP apabila ada alasan penghapus

pidana (jadi yg dirumuskan bukan “tidak adanya sifatsocially dangerous act”).



KUHP YUGOSLAVIA

• Chapter Two : CRIMINAL CONDUCT AND CRIMINAL LIABILITY

Criminal act

Article 8.

1) A criminal act is a socially dangerous act which is defined by law asa criminal act, the characteristics of which are defined by law.

2) An act which, although containing characteristics of a criminal actdefined by law, represents an insignificant social danger because ofits slight importance and the insignificance or absence of

detrimental consequences, shall not be considered a criminal act.

http://pbosnia.kentlaw.edu/resources/legal/bosnia/criminalcode_fry.htm

http://pbosnia.kentlaw.edu/resources/legal/bosnia/criminalcode_fry.htm



KUHP KAZAKHSTAN

• Article 9. The Concept of a Crime

1. A committed publicly dangerous act (or a failure to act)for which someone is found culpable, and which isprohibited by the present Code, under the threat of legalpunishment, shall be recognised as a crime. Applicationof criminal law by analogy shall not be allowed.

2. Those acts or failures to act shall not be consideredcrimes which, though formally containing the elements ofan act stipulated by the Special Part of the presentCode, but by virtue of their insignificance do not presenta public danger , that is, which did not cause any harm,and did not create a threat of causing harm to a person,society, or the state.



KUHP MOLDOVA

• Article 14. Concept of the Crime

(1) A crime is a prejudicial act (action or inaction) set forthin criminal law committed with culpability and subject tocriminal punishment.

(2) An action or inaction that although formally has signs ofan act set forth herein but due to lack of importance doesnot meet the prejudicial degree of a crime shall not beconsidered a crime.

CATATAN :• Article 15. Prejudicial Degree of a Crime – The prejudicial degree of a crime is determined in accordance

with the evidence that characterizes the elements of a crime: theobject, the objective side, the subject, and the subjective side.



KUHP KOSOVO

• Criminal Offence - Article 6

– A criminal offence is an unlawful act which is defined by law as acriminal offence, the characteristics of which are defined by law and forwhich a criminal sanction or a measure of mandatory treatment isprescribed by the law.

• Act of Minor Significance - Article 7

– An act shall not constitute a criminal offence even though it has thecharacteristics of a criminal offence as defined by law if it is an act ofminor significance. The act shall be deemed to be of minor significance

when the danger thereby involved is insignificant due to the nature orgravity of the act, the absence or insignificance of harmfulconsequences, the circumstances in which the act was committed, thelow degree of criminal liability of the perpetrator or the personalcircumstances of the perpetrator.



KUHP MACEDONIA (mirip Kosovo)

• Crime - Article 7 – A crime is an unlawful act which is determined by law

to be a crime, and whose characteristics aredetermined by law.

• An act of minor significance - Article 8 – An act is not a crime even though it contains

characteristics of a crime, when it is an act of minor

significance, because of the lack or insignificance ofthe damaging consequences and the low level ofcriminal responsibility of the offender.



KUHP RUMANIA

• Art. 17. - Any action, which constitutes social threat, which is willingly

perpetrated and which is provided in the criminal law, constitutes a crime.Crime is the only ground for criminal responsibility.

• Art. 18. - An action which constitutes social threat in criminal legal terms isany action or non-action through which one of the values mentioned inarticle 1 are damaged and for whose sanction a penalty needs to be

applied.

• Art. 181. - Any action provided by criminal law does not constitute a crime unless its minimum damage to one of the values protected by the law andits concrete substance, obviously insignificant, represent the degree ofsocial threat pertaining to a crime.

In specifically establishing the degree of social threat, the manner and

means of the crime perpetration are considered, as well as theconsequences produced or likely to be produced, and the perpetrator'sposition and attitude.

In case of the actions mentioned in the article hereby, the prosecutor or thecourt applies one of the administrative sanctions provided in article 91.



KUHP SERBIA

• Criminal Offence - Article 14

(1) A criminal offence is an offence set forth by the law as criminal offence,which is unlawful and committed with guilty mind/mens rea.

(2) There is no criminal offence without an unlawful act or culpability,notwithstanding the existence of all essential elements of a criminal offencestipulated by law.

• An Offence of Minor Significance - Article 18

(1) An offence shall not be considered a criminal offence, if despite havingelements of a criminal offence it represents an offence of minor significance.

(2) An offence of minor significance is that in which the degree of the offender’s responsibility is low, if consequences are absent or insignificant oreliminated by the offender, and where the general purpose of imposingcriminal sanctions does not require sanctioning.

(3) The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article may be applied tocriminal offences carrying imprisonment sentence of up to three years or afine.



KUHP UKRAINA

• Article 11. Notion of a criminal offense

1. A criminal offense shall mean a sociallydangerous culpable act (action or omission)prescribed by this Code and committed by an

offender.2. Although an act or omission may have,

technically, any elements of an act under thisCode, it is not an offense if, due to its

insignificance, it is not a social danger, i.e. itneither did nor could cause considerable harmto any natural or legal person, community,society or the state.



KUHP POLANDIA

• Article 1.

§ 1. Penal liability shall be incurred only by a person who commits anact prohibited under penalty, by a law in force at the time of itscommission.

§ 2. A prohibited act whose social consequences is insignificant shallnot constitute an offence.

§ 3. The perpetrator of an prohibited act does not commit an offence ifguilt cannot be attributed to him at the time of the commission ofthe act.

Resume :

Tidak merupakan delik, apabila :

1. bahaya/akibat sosialnya sepele/terlalu kecil (insignificant)2. Kesalahan tdk dapat dikaitkan padanya pada saat perbuatan itu

dilakukan (berarti : apbl. Tdk ada kesalahan).



RESUME does not present public danger because

of its little significance, (did not cause significant

damage to an individual or a legal entity, to the

society or the state) - (ARMENIA)

no social danger by virtue of its little significance.

(BELLARUS)

its insignificance is not dangerous to society

or its danger to society is obviously insignificant(BULGARIA).

the circumstances are clearly minor andthe harm is not great (CHINA)

Perbuatan

memenuhi

UU

TIDAK

MERUPA-

KAN TP has been committed in circumstanceswhich exclude criminal liability (LATVIA)

APABILA

by virtue of their insignificance do not present a public danger

(did not cause any harm, and did not create a threat of causing harmto a person, society, or the state (KAZAKHSTAN)



TIDAK MERUPAKAN TINDAK PIDANA

APABILA :• tidak menimbulkan bahaya publik atau sangat kecil bahaya

sosialnya – Arm enia;

• Tidak ada bahaya sosialnya – Bellarus;

• Tidak berbahaya bagi masyarakat atau sifat bahayanyasangat kecil – Bulgaria;

• Bahayanya sangat kecil atau tidak besar (CHINA)

• Ada alasan penghapus pertanggungjawaban pidana – Latvia.

• Karena minimnya bahaya bagi masy (tdk menyebabkanbhy/kerugian apapun, atau tdk menimbulkan ancamankerugian bagi orang, masyarakat, atau negara) – Kazakhstan.

MIRIP/IDENTIK DGN PENGERTIAN :

TIDAK BERSIFAT MELAWAN HUKUM SECARA MATERIEL

(Asas AVAW; absence of unlawfulness; no liability without

Unlawfulness)



KRITERIA SMH MATERIEL • Von Liszt :

– Perkosaan/pembahayaan kepentingan hukum bersifatmelawan hukum materiel jika perbuatan itu bertentangandgn tujuan ketertiban hukum.

• Zu Dohna : – Suatu perbuatan itu tidak melawan hukum jika perbuatan

itu merupakan upaya yang haq untuk tujuan yang haq

(r icht iges Mit tel zum techten zwecke ). Misal seorangayah memukul pemuda yang memperkosa anak gadisnya.

• M.E. Mayer : – SMH itu berarti bertentangan dengan Kulturnorm (norma

kebudayaan) yang diakui oleh Negara.

• Zevenbergen : – Onrechtmatigheid adalah syarat umum/objektif yang

biasanya ada jika perbuatan memenuhi rumusan delikdalam UU, tetapi harus diselidiki secara konkret, apakahyang diharapkan oleh ketertiban hukum.



KUHP KOREA

• Pasal 20 : “Conduct in accordance with law or pursuant to accepted business practices, or otherconduct which does not violate the social moresshall not be punishable”.

• Jadi menurut ketentuan di atas, tidak dipidana :1) perbuatan yang sesuai dengan UU (in accordance with

law );

2) perbuatan yang sesuai dengan praktek bisnis yang sudah

lazim/ diterima ( pursuant to accepted business practices );atau

3) perbuatan lain yang tidak melanggar norma/kebiasaanmasyarakat (does not violate the social mores ).



BAGAIMANA

WvS & KONSEP ?

WvS

Tidak memberi

batasan/pengertian

juridis ttg apa ygdimaksud dg TP;

Hanya memberi

landasan juridis ttg.kapan suatu “feit”

dikatakan sebagai

“strafbaar feit” (asas

legalitas).

KONSEP KUHP

di samping

memberi landasan

juridis/legalitas (sbr.Hk);

memberi batasan/

PENGERTIAN juridisttg sifat/hakikat TP.



LANDASAN JURIDIS

(LEGALITAS)

Pasal 1 (1) KONSEP :

Tiada seorang pun dapat

dipidana atau dikenakan

tindakan, kecuali per-buatan yang dilakukan

telah ditetapkan sebagai

tindak pidana dalam

peraturan perundang-

undangan yang berlaku

pada saat perbuatan itudilakukan.

(diperluas juga ke lega-

litas materiel)

Pasal 11 KONSEP

1) Tindak pidana adalah perbuatan melaku-

kan atau tidak melakukan sesuatu yang

oleh peraturan perundang-undangan di-

nyatakan sebagai perbuatan yang dilarang

dan diancam dengan pidana.2) Untuk dinyatakan sebagai tindak pidana,

selain perbuatan tersebut dilarang dan

diancam pidana oleh peraturan perundang-

undangan, harus juga bersifat melawan

hukum atau bertentangan dengan kesa-

daran hukum masyarakat.3) Setiap tindak pidana selalu dipandang ber-

sifat melawan hukum, kecuali ada alasan

pembenar.

PENGERIAN JURIDIS



LANDASAN JURIDIS

(LEGALITAS)

Pasal 1 (1) KONSEP :

Tiada seorang pun dapat

dipidana atau dikenakan

tindakan, kecuali per-buatan yang dilakukan

telah ditetapkan sebagai

tindak pidana dalam

peraturan perundang-

undangan yang berlaku

pada saat perbuatan itudilakukan.

(diperluas juga ke lega-

litas materiel)

Pasal 11 KONSEP

Tindak pidana adalah :

• perbuatan yang oleh peraturan UU

dinyatakan sebagai perbuatan yang

dilarang dan diancam dengan pidana.

• harus juga bersifat melawan hukum

atau bertentangan dengan kesadaranhukum masyarakat.

Setiap tindak pidana selalu dipandang ber-

sifat melawan hukum, kecuali ada alasan

pembenar.

PENGERIAN JURIDIS

Asas ”No liability without unlawfulness”

dijadikan asas umum



KONSEP KUHP

Pasal 1 (1) : LANDASAN YURIDIS (LEGALITAS)

• Tiada seorang pun dapat dipidana atau dikenakan tindakan,kecuali perbuatan yang dilakukan telah ditetapkan sebagaitindak pidana dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yangberlaku pada saat perbuatan itu dilakukan.

Pasal 11 : PENGERTIAN/BATASAN YURIDIS

1) Tindak pidana adalah perbuatan melakukan atau tidakmelakukan sesuatu yang oleh peraturan perundang-undangandinyatakan sebagai perbuatan yang dilarang dan diancamdengan pidana.

2) Untuk dinyatakan sebagai tindak pidana, selain perbuatantersebut dilarang dan diancam pidana oleh peraturan

perundang-undangan, harus juga bersifat melawan hukum ataubertentangan dengan kesadaran hukum masyarakat.

3) Setiap tindak pidana selalu dipandang bersifat melawanhukum, kecuali ada alasan pembenar.



RESUME PERUMUSAN PENGERTIAN TP

• Pengertian juridis TP :dirumuskan.

• Dalam merumuskan“pengertian TP” : – Inti TP : perbuatan meme-

nuhi UU (m.h. formal);

– Ada yg memasukkan & adayg tidak memasukkan unsur“sengaja”;

– Ada klausul: kapan perbuat-an memenuhi UU tdk meru-pakan TP

Unsur TP :

1. Perbuatan2. Memenuhi UU (M.H

formal)

3. SMH (materiel)

Asas MH yg positif

Asas MH yg negatif

Asas legalitas

Asas AVAW

(No liability without unlawfulness)



”Pengertian Juridis” TP dan

Asas ”No liability without unlawfulness”

WvS

Hanya ada “landasan

juridis/legalitas” ttg. kapan suatu

“feit” dikatakan sebagai

“strafbaar feit” (asas legalitas).

Tidak ada “batasan/pe-

ngertian juridis” ttg apa yg

dimaksud dg TP; hanya ada

dalam teori/doktrin.

Asas ”No l iabi l i ty wi thou t

unlawfulness” TDK masuk

asas umum (dlm Bk. I)

KUHP ASING & KONSEP

di samping ada “landasan

juridis/legalitas” (sbr. Hk);

ada juga “batasan/ PENGER-

TIAN juridis” ttg sifat/hakikat TP.

Asas ”No l iabi li ty wi thout

unlawfulness” masuk asas

umum (dlm Bk. I)



PERKEMBANGAN ASAS

“NO LIABILITY WITHOUT UNLAWFULNESS ”

Di Indonesia

tidak dimasukkan sebagaiasas umum Buku I;

tersimpul dari perumusan

delik di Buku II;

terkesan sebagai asas APP

formal; lebih menekankan SMH ma-

teriel dalam fungsinya yang

negatif.

Dalam UU TPK (3/’71; 31/’99Jo. 20/2001) :

SMH Materiel dalam fungsi-

nya yang positif ,

dengan kriteria dipandang

sebagai “perbuatan tercela”karena :

1) tidak sesuai dengan rasa

keadilan; atau

2) tidak sesuai dengan norma

kehidupan sosial.

DALAM KUHP DI LUAR KUHP



MASALAH SUMBER HUKUM

• KLIK ASAS LEGALITAS

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/B-2%20Kul-2a%20asas%20HP%20(perbdgn%20as%20legalitas).ppt

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/B-2%20Kul-2a%20asas%20HP%20(perbdgn%20as%20legalitas).ppt



BENTUK-BENTUK TP

(The Forms of Criminal Offence)

• Klik “Bentuk-bentuk TP”

http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_10/B-3%20Kul-2c%20BENTUK-BENTUK%20TP.ppt






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