analisis kelayakan investasi gudang material mesin di pt. ip

8/2/2019 ANALISIS KELAYAKAN INVESTASI GUDANG MATERIAL MESIN DI PT. IP

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@M@FAYAY EKF@Q@E@M AM_KYZ@YA

N[J@MN G@ZKTA@F GKYAM JA \Z- A\

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@DYZT@E

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Amzktm`f T`zk co Tkz{tm


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@DYZT@IZ

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_`f{k& Amzktm`f T`zk co Tkz{tm-


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gè` \Z- A\ è`m jaekmè`m jkmj` `z`{ jaykd{z jkmn`m |km`fzq- \km`fzq


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`j`f`h h{e{g`m q`mn dkt{|` ekh`t{y`m gkgd`q`t j`f`g dkmz{e {`mn

(e`tkm` gkf`mnn`t z{t`m& {mj`mn'{mj`mn& j`m ykd`n`amq`!-

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j`q` g`g|{& jkmj` b`g ekzktykja``m& jkmj` Ntcyy Hk`zT`zk |`j` dkd`m

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J`z` da`q` |km`fzq q`mn jaekf{`te`m |kt{y`h``m ykf`g` z`h{m 4


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9- @m`fayay ekf`qè`m |kgd`mn{m`m n{j`mn h`mq` jafah`z j`ta `y|keoam`mya`f-


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:- \kmafà`m ekf`qè`m amvkyz`ya dktj`y`te`m |`j` Mafà Dktyah Yke`t`mn(Mkz \tkykmz _`f{k! j`m Zamne`z \kmnkgd`fa`m Amzktm`f (Amzktm`f T`zk

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D@D AA 2 F@MJ@Y@M ZKCTA

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dktayae`m |`|`t`m zkcta q`mn `j` dkteàz`m jkmn`m |ktg`y`f`h`m

q`mn jazkfa-


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D@D AAA 2 GKZCJCFCNA \KMKFAZA@M

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ekf`qè`m amvkyz`ya n{j`mn j`ta `y|ke oam`mya`f j`f`g t`mne`

gkmnc|zag`fe`m |ktykja``m gkzkta`f gkyam j`m gkmn{t`mna da`q`

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D@D _A 2 YAG\[F@M J@M Y@T@M

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|ktg`y`f`h`m- Ykfàm az{& |`j` d`d ama b{n` è`m jai`mz{ge`m


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y`t`m q`mn ja|`mj`mn |ktf{ ykh{d{mn`m jkmn`m jazkg{e`mmq`

ekmj`f` j`f`g gkfèy`mè`m |kmkfaza`m& `z`{|{m y`t`m q`mn

dktayae`m ycf{ya gkmnkmà |ktg`y`f`h`m q`mn jad`h`y cfkh

|km{fay-


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D@D AA

F@MJ@Y@M ZKCTA

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amvkyz`ya `~`f (amaza`f amvkyzgkmz!- J`f`g amvkyz`ya zktj`|`z kfkgkm ~èz{

j`m kfkgkm tayaec& jag`m` amvkyz`ya q`mn jafè{e`m y``z ama d`t{ ja|ktcfkh

h`yafmq` ja g`y` q`mn è`m j`z`mn- J`m g`y` jk|`m zajè |ktm`h j`|`z

ja|`yzae`m& ykhamnn` ekzae` `mj` dktma`z {mz{e gkfè{e`m amvkyz`ya `mj`

h`t{y ya`| gkmnh`j`|a ykn`f` tayaecmq`-

Nazg`m (4


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èzav` ek{`mn`m (oam`mia f `yykzy `z`{ oam`mia`f amvkyzgkmz! gkfa|{za

ecmztè'ecmztè zktz{fay yk|ktza y`h`g& cdfan`ya& `z`{ y{t`z dkth`tn`-

N`gd`t 4-0 D`n`m Yaef{y \kmafà`m Tkmi`m` Amvkyz`ya

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Yz{ja \kmj`h{f{`m

Ajkmzaoae`ya Tkmi`m`

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h`yaf |kmb{`f`m ({mz{e da`q` |tcgcya |tcj{e!& |ktykmz`yk zktzkmz{ j`ta

f`d` dktyah |kt{y`h``m ({mz{e da`q` |kmkfaza`m j`m |kmnkgd`mn`m!&

amvkyz`ya q`mn y`g` q`mn jafè{e`m |kt{y`h``m |kyàmn& j`m b{gf`h

{`mn e`y q`mn zktykja`-

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zktzkmz{ j`ta h`yaf |kmb{`f`m yk|ktza ja `z`y zajèf`h gkt{|è`m etazkta`

q`mn gkg{`ye`m& j`m da`y`mq` g`m`bkgkm |{miè fkdah d`mqè

gkmj`y`te`m |`j` |ktzagd`mn`m j`ta|`j` `z`y j`y`t `m`fay` j`z`

e{`mzaz`zao-

Amvkyz`ya j`f`g |kmnktza`m ke{a|gkm gkt{|è`m |kmnkf{`t`m

{mz{e |kmnn`mza`m gkyam j`m ke{a|gkm q`mn `j`- J`f`g |kgèà`m

gkyam j`m ke{a|gkm |`j` y{`z{ y``z è`m zktb`ja da`q` c|kt`ya gkyam

j`m ke{a|gkm gkmb`ja fkdah dky`t jad`mjamne`m da`q` c|kt`ya bae`

gkyam zktykd{z jan`mza jkmn`m q`mn d`t{ `z`{ |tcj{ezavaz`ymq` zajè

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gkyam j`m ke{a|gkm q`mn `j` gkmb`ja zajè kecmcgay f`na-

Amoctg`ya |kmzamn j`m |ktf{ ja|ktzagd`mne`m j`f`g ek|{z{y`m

|kmnn`mza`m gkyam j`m ke{a|gkm da`y`mq` jafè{e`m `z`y j`y`t

|ktzagd`mn`m `j`mq` |kmnhkg`z`m da`q` (da`q` jaoktkmya`f! q`mn

è`m ja|ktcfkh `z`{ `j`mq` ekmàe`m |tcj{ezaoaz`y (|kmj`|`z`m

jaoktkmya`f! jkmn`m j`mq` |kmnn`mza`m zktykd{z-

Bae` da`q` jaoktkmya`f q`mn dkt{|` |kmnhkg`z`m da`q` q`mn

ja|ktf{e`m j`ta |kmnn`mza`m gkyam j`m ke{a|gkm dktb{gf`h |`mz`y


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daf` jad`mjamne`m jkmn`m èzav` jaoktkmya`f q`mn dkt{|` z`gd`h`m

amvkyz`ya {mz{e |kmnn`mza`m zktykd{z& gè` |kmnn`mza`m zktykd{z

yki`t` kecmcgay gkg`mn ja|ktf{e`m-

Jkmn`m e`z` fàm& bae` èzav` dkt{|` amvkyz`ya j`f`g

|kmnn`mza`m èzav` zkz`| è`m gkmnh`yafe`m ekgd`fa`m amvkyz`ya

(tkz{m cm amvkyzgkmz! q`mn jaekhkmjèa& q`mn dkt{|` |ktd`mjamn`m

da`q` jkmn`m amvkyz`ya q`mn è`m jafè{e`m& gè` |kmnn`mza`m gkyam

j`m ke{a|gkm yki`t` kecmcgay gkmn{mz{mne`m-

Gkyea|{m |kmnhkg`z`m da`q` gkt{|è`m etazkta` q`mn {g{g

ja|èà j`f`g bkmay amvkyz`ya ama& m`g{m yktamne`fa |kmj`|`z`m

jaoktkmya`f b{n` |ktf{ ja|ktzagd`mne`m& qàz{ bae` e`|`yaz`y |tcj{eya

ke{a|gkm q`mn d`t{ gkfkdaha e`|`yaz`y q`mn jagafaea yke`t`mn j`m

|`y`t g`yah j`|`z gkm`g|{mn z`gd`h`m |tcj{e q`mn jab{`f-

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dkt{|` z`gd`h`m amvkyz`ya j`m è`m gkmnh`yafe`m |kmj`|`z`m

jaoktkmya`f& q`mn dkt{|` z`gd`h`m |kmj`|`z`m (tkvkm{k!& yktz`

gkgktf{e`m da`q` jaoktkmya`f& q`mn dkt{|` z`gd`h`m da`q` e`tkm`

z`gd`h`m e`|`yaz`y-

[mz{e gkg{z{ye`m bkmay amvkyz`ya ama& q`mn |ktf{

ja|ktzagd`mne`m `j`f`h `|è`h èzav` jaoktkmya`f q`mn ja|ktf{e`m

{mz{e |ktf{`y`m {y`h` ja|kteatè`m è`m gkmnh`yafe`m f`d`


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jaoktkmya`f (q`mn gkt{|è`m ykfayah `mz`t` |kmj`|`z`m jaoktkmya`f

jkmn`m da`q` jaoktkmya`f! q`mn b{gf`hmq` gkg`jà-

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q`mn è`m j`z`mn (q`mn gkt{|è`m ykfayah |kmj`|`z`m jkmn`m da`q`!

j`m ekgd`fa`m amvkyz`ya (tkz{tm cm amvkyzgkmz! q`mn è`m ja|ktcfkh

e`tkm` j`mq` amvkyz`ya zktykd{z-

\kmzamn b{n` ja|ktzagd`mne`m oèzct tayaec q`mn dktdkj`'dkj`

{mz{e za`|'za`| amvkyz`ya& |`bè |kmnh`yaf`m& j`m mafà ~èz{ {`mn

(zagk v`f{k co gcmkq!& e`tkm` ekzan` oèzct zktykd{z gkmkmz{e`m `t{y

e`y (i`yh ofc~! ja g`y` q`mn è`m j`z`mn-

4- G`mo``z Amvkyz`yaAmvkyz`ya j`|`z jafè{e`m cfkh amvkyzct y~`yz`& dàe |ktct`mn`m

g`{|{m |kt{y`h``m& yktz` ec|kt`ya& d`j`m {y`h` gafae mkn`t`& j`m

q`q`y`m q`mn ykj`mn gkgd`mn{m |tcqke d`t{ `z`{ gkg|ktf{`y

ekna`z`m {y`h`mq` q`mn y{j`h dktb`f`m-

@j`|{m g`mo``z q`mn hkmjè jai`|à |`t` amvkyzct yki`t` n`tay

dky`t j`f`h ykd`nà dktae{z2

`- G`mo``z oam`mya`f& yk|ktza gkg|ktcfkh ek{mz{mn`m `z`{fae{ajaz`y ek{`mn`m-

d- G`mo``z gètc kecmcga& gay`fmq` gkmamne`ze`m b{gf`h|ktj`n`mn`m key|ct& gkmia|zè`m f`|`mn`m ektb` d`t{&

|kmnhkg z`m |kmnkf{`t`m jkvay`-


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i- G`mo``z |cfazay& ycya`f& d{j`q` j`m ykd`nàmq`-Amvkyzct y~`yz` ikmjkt{mn gkmnkzkmn`he`m |kmi`|à`m g`mo``z

oam`mya`f& gay`fmq` gkmj`|`ze`m ek{mz{mn`m fkdah j`ta i{e{|&

ykj`mne`m amvkyzct D[GM fkdah gkmnkzkmn`he`m g`mo``z gètc

kecmcga- ^`f`{|{m jkgaea`m& amvkyz`ya q`mn jada`qà D[GM

ykdàemq` zajè gkmjktaz` ekt{na`m& gamag{g j`f`g b`mne` ~èz{

gkmkmn`h-

D- @fat`m E`y \tcqke0- Jkoamaya @fat`m E`y

F`ttkm (01>02;9

j`m Dàfkq (011;2?00!& j`m Nazg`m (4


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|kgd`q`t`m z`|a zajè zkti`z`z j`f`g ek{mz{mn`m c|kt`ya (gay`fmq`

|kt{d`h`m gcj`f ektb`!-

J`f`g yz{ja ekf`qè`m tkmi`m` amvkyz`ya& `t{y e`y gkt{|è`m

{my{t `m`fayay q`mn y`mn`z |kmzamn ekj{j{e`mmq` e`tkm` ekf`qè`m

oam`mya`f ykd{`h {y{f`m tkmi`m` amvkyz`ya ja{e{t |`j` mafà yke`t`mn

`t{y e`ymq`- Yki`t` ykjkth`m`& bae` mafà yke`t`mn `t{y e`y g`y{e

fkdah dky`t j`ta|`j` mafà yke`t`mn `t{y e`y ekf{`t& gè` tkmi`m`

amvkyz`ya az{ j`ta y{j{z `y|ke oam`mya`f `j`f`h f`qè jafèy`mè`m-

Jkgaea`m |{f` bae` zktb`ja ykd`faemq`& gè` tkmi`m` amvkyz`ya zajè

f`qè jafèy`mè`m-

G`mo``z (dkmkoaz! j`ta amvkyz`ya q`mn jazktag` ja g`y`

gkmj`z`mn b{n` jamq`zè`m j`f`g dkmz{e `t{y e`y& d{e`m j`f`g

dkmz{e f`d` è{mz`mya- Ykct`mn amvkyzct `z`{ |kmn{y`h` q`mn zkf`h

gkgd{`z ek|{z{y`m {mz{e g`fèy`mè`m y{`z{ {y{f`m amvkyz`ya |`j`

y``z yke`t`mn ama& ykf`f{ gkmnh`t`|e`m `n`t `t{y e`y q`mn jazktag`mq`

|`j` g`y` q`mn è`m j`z`mn `j`f`h fkdah dky`t j`ta|`j` |kmnkf{`t`m

e`ymq` yke`t`mn-

4- Bkmay @t{y E`y[mz{e gkg|ktg{j`h `m`fayay& `fat`m e`y |tcqke jaekfcg|cee`m

gkmb`ja zan`& qàz{ `fat`m e`y `~`f& `fat`m e`y |ktacjk c|kt`ya

|tcj{eya& j`m `fat`m e`y zktgam`f-


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`- @t{y E`y @~`f (amaza`f i`yh c{zofc~! `j`f`h `t{y e`y q`mnzktb`ja |`j` ~èz{ amvkyzct gkfèy`mè`m |kgd`mn{m`m ykd{`h

|tcqke- @t{y e`y `~`f ama f`rag jajkoamayae`m zktb`ja |`j`

|ktacjk ek'


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I- @m`fay` Ekf`qè`m Amvkyz`ya@m`fay` ekf`qè`m amvkyz`ya jajkoamayae`m ykd`nà |kmkfaza`m zkmz`mn

j`|`z zajèmq` y{`z{ |tcqke `z`{ amvkyz`ya jafèy`mè`m jkmn`m dkth`yaf-

\kmnktza`m dkth`yaf j`f`g `tza`m q`mn zktd`z`y `j`f`h dkth`yaf gkgdktae`m

gkmo``z oam`mya`f j`ta amvkyz`ya zktykd{z& jkmn`m e`z` fàm `j`f`h d`h~`

amvkyz`ya zktykd{z gkmn{mz{mne`m d`na amvkyzctmq`-

\kmne`ba`m q`mn dktyao`z gkmqkf{t{h j`m gkmicd` gkmqctcza ykn`f`

`y|ke ekf`qè`m |tcqke `z`{ amvkyz`ya jaekm`f ykd`nà yz{ja ekf`qè`m-

Yz{ja ekf`qè`m `z`y tkmi`m` amvkyz`ya h`t{y jafè{e`m {mz{e ykg{` `y|ke

q`mn zkteàz ykhamnn` ek|{z{y`m amvkyz`ya q`mn jad{`z jaj{e{mn cfkh

ekf`qè`m j`ta ykg{` `y|ke q`mn zkteàz jagèy{j& j`m zajè h`mq` e`tkm`

ekf`qè`m y|ke oam`mya`fmq` y`b`-

@j`|{m dkdkt`|` `y|ke zkteàz j`f`g y{`z{ yz{ja ekf`qè`m qàz{2

0- @y|ke Oam`mya`f- Yz{ja gkmnkmà `y|ke oam`mya`f gkt{|è`m`y|ke e{mia j`ta y{`z{ yz{ja ekf`qè`m- Jae`zè`m jkgaea`m&

e`tm` yke`fa|{m `y|ke fàm zktncfcmn f`qè& bae` yz{ja `y|ke

oam`mya`f gkgdktae`m h`yaf q`mn zajè f`qè& gè` {y{f`m

|tcqke è`m jazcfè e`tkm` zajè è`m gkgdktae`m g`mo``z

kecmcga- Yz{ja `y|ke oam`mya`f ama |`famn zajè gkmiè{| 2

`- E`ba`m zkth`j`| b{gf`h j`m` q`mn ja|ktf{e`m& dàe {mz{eek|ktf{`m amvkyz`ya `~`f g`{|{m {mz{e ekd{z{h`m gcj`f

ektb`-


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d- E`ba`m zkth`j`| y{gdkt j`m`& yke`fan{y |kthaz{mn`mgkmnkmà da`q` `z`y gcj`f q`mn jatkmi`mè`m jaz`tae&

zktg`y{e t`mi`mn`m zkth`j`| yzt{ez{t gcj`f q`mn

zktncfcmn f`qè-

i- \tcqkeya `t{y e`y q`mn gkg{`z tamia`m |tcy|ke `t{yg`y{e j`m |tcy|ke `t{y e`y ekf{`t- \tcqkeya `t{y e`y

zktykd{z dktn{m` ykd`nà f`mj`y`m {mz{e gkfè{e`m

`m`fayay ekf`qè`m oam`mya`f jkmn`m gkmnn{mè`m

dktd`nà gkzcjk q`mn f`rag& yk|ktza |`qdìe gkzhcj& mkz

|tkykmz v`f{k (M_\!&|tcoaz`dafazq amjkx (\A!& amzktm`f t`zk

co tkz{tm (ATT!& `vkt`nk t`zk co tkz{tm (@TT!& j`m

dkmkoaz'icyz't`zac `m`fqyay (DIT@!-

j- E`ba`m zkth`j`| |kmn`t{h amjae`zct kecmcga gètczkth`j`| ekf`qè`m ek{`mn`m |tcqke& dàe zkth`j`| `t{y

e`y g`y{e j`m `t{y e`y ekf{`t-

4- @y|ke Kecmcga j`m Ycya`f- Yz{ja `y|ke kecmcga j`m ycya`f amadktz{b{`m {mz{e gkmnkg{eè`m |kmn`t{h |cyazao |tcqke

zkth`j`| |ktkecmcga`m j`m g`yq`tè`z ykeaz`t |tcqke-

\kmn`t{h zkth`j`| |ktkecmcga`m |ktf{ j`ta yaya fce`f& tknacm`f&

j`m m`yacm`f-

9- @y|ke \`y`t j`m \kg`y`t`m- Yz{ja y|ke |`y`t j`m |kg`y`t`my`mn`zf`h |kmzamn& `tzamq` j`f`g yz{ja ekf`qè`m e`tkm` yz{ja az{

è`m gktamia |czkmya |kmktag``m (`t{y e`y g`y{e! ykf`g` {ya`


23/85

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24/85

40

Gèy{j j`m z{b{`m |kmne`ba`m `y|ke zkemay `j`f`h ykd`nà

dktae{z2

`- \`j` z`h`| `~`f dktz{b{`m gkt{g{ye`m n`n`y`m q`mnzagd{f ek j`f`g d`z`y`m q`mn ecmnetkz j`ta ykna zkemay-

d- Ykf`mb{zmq` h`yaf |kmne`ba`m `y|ke zkemay (q`mn ykgèamgkmj`f`g! ja|èà ykd`nà g`y{e`m |kmne`ba`m `y|ke'

`y|ke yk|ktza oamke& @GJ@F& |kteat``m da`q` j`m b`j~`f-

i- @ehatmq` famne{| `y|ke zkemay y`g|à ek|`j` ekna`z`mjkyàm kmnamkktamn zktamia& gkmnh`yafe`m ikzè dat{ (df{k

|tamz! |tcqke q`mn è`m jad`mn{m-

\kmne`ba`m y|ke zkemay gkmiè{| h`f'h`f ykd`nà dktae{z2

0! Gkmkmz{e`m fkzè nkcntòay fce`ya-4! Gkmi`ta j`m gkgafah zkemcfcna |tcyky |tcj{eya-9! Gkmkmz{e`m e`|`yaz`y |tcj{eya-:! Jkm`h `z`{ z`z` fkzè amz`f`ya-;! D`mn{m`m amyz`f`ya (|f`mz d{afjamn!-Ek|{z{y`m q`mn ja`gdaf j`ta |kmne`ba`m ja `z`y

gkt{|è`m ek|{z{y`m |kmzamn gkmq`mne{z ekdkth`yaf`m |tcqke

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`! Gkt{|è`m ecgazgkm b`mne` |`mb`mn& daf`zajè zk|`z y{faz {mz{e ja|ktdàea-


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d! Dkt|kmn`t{h dky`t zkth`j`| da`q`|kgd`mn{m`m |tcqke-

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;- @y|ke H{e{g- Yz{ja `y|ke h{e{g g`g|{ gkmbkf`ye`mdktd`nà h`f q`mn dkth{d{mn`m jkmn`m g`y`f`h fanaz`ya&

ekyk|è`z`m& h{d{mn`m amj{yzta`f& |ktaram`m& yz`z{y |kt{y`h``m&

j`m jkyàm gkmnkmà hè j`m ek~`bad`m |kmjata& |kgkn`mn

y`h`g& zag g`m`bkgkm& j`m e`tq`~`m-

?- @y|ke G`m`bkgkm j`m Y{gdkt J`q` G`m{ya`- @y|ke amagkmiè{| |kmkfaza`m bkmay j`m b{gf`h zkm`n` ektb` q`mn

ja|ktf{e`m {mz{e gkmnkfcf` j`m gkmnc|kt`yae`m |tcqke&

e{`faoae`ya zkm`n` ektb`& y{gdkt |kmn`j``m zkm`n` ektb`&

|tcnt`g ztàmamn q`mn ja|ktf{e`m& zkg|`zmq` yktz` bkmay j`m

b{gf`h mafà d`f`y b y` zkm`n` ektb`-

J- Mafà [`mn Zkth`j`| ^èz{\kmnktza`m d`h~` y`z{ t{|a`h y``z ama è`m dktmafà fkdah zamnna j`ta

~èz{ q`mn è`m j`z`mn& gkt{|è`m ecmyk| j`y`t j`f`g |kgd{`z`m

ek|{z{y`m amvkyz`ya- \`j` {g{gmq` g`y`f`h oam`mya`f `z`{ `t{y e`y y{`z{

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ja|kthaz{mne`m |kmn`t{h ~èz{ zkth`j`| mafà {`mn- Ama jat{g{ye`m ykd`nà

d{mn` (amzktkyz! `z`{ zamne`z `t{y |kmnkgd`fa`m (t`zk co tkz{tm!-


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[`mn j`|`z gkm{t{m (jk|tkia`zk! `z`{ dktz`gd`h (`||tkia`zk! mafà

zkth`j`| ~èz{- \ktdkj``m mafà {`mn e`tkm` oèzct ~èz{ zktykd{z

jaz{mb{ee`m cfkh mafà z{e`t {`mn (kxih`mnk v`f{k co gcmkq! q`mn

dkty`mne{z`m q`mn ykgèam gkm{t{m ja g`y` gkmj`z`mn- Oèzct q`mn

gkmqkd`de`m |km{t{m`m mafà {`mn `j`f`h e`tkm` `j`mq` amof`ya& zamne`z

d{mn`& |kt{d`h`m mafà z{e`t zkth`j`| v`f{z` `yamn& j`m v`ta`dfk kecmcga

gètc yktz` amjae`zct gcmkzkt fàmmq`-

Icg|c{mjamn j`m Jayic{mzamn- E`tkm` {`mn gkgafaea mafà ~èz{&

b`ja eaz` zajè g{mneam gkmnn`d{mne`m dknaz{ y`b` `t{y {`mn q`mn zktb`ja

|`j` ~èz{'~èz{ q`mn dktdkj`- [mz{e gkmqky{àe`m `t{y e`y amvkyz`ya

d`na mafà ~èz{mq` q`mn dktdkj`& eaz` |ktf{ gkmnn{mè`m n`n`y`m

icg|c{mjamn (|kmnn`mj``m! j`m jayic{mzamn (|kgczcmn`m!- Icg|c{mjamn

`j`f`h |tcyky |kmkmz{`m mafà ykb{gf`h {`mn yke`t`mn |`j` g`y` q`mn è`m

j`z`mn- Ykj`mne`m jayic{mzamn `j`f`h ekd`fae`m |tcyky icg|c{mjamn& qèma

|tcyky gkmkg{e`m mafà yke`t`mn ykb{gf`h {`mn ja g`y` gkmj`z`mn-

Mafà g`y` jk|`m b{gf`h {`mn è`m j`|`z jahaz{mn jkmn`m

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t 7 zamne`z d{mn` q`mn ja|kthaz{mne`m

m 7 |ktacjk ~èz{


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Jkgaea`m b{n` h`fmq` `|`daf` eaz` è`m gkmnhaz{mn mafà yke`t`mn

j`ta ykb{gf`h {`mn jag`y` jk|`m q`mn g{mneam è`m eaz` haz{mn y``z ama&

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|ktdkj``m `mz`t` mafà yke`t`mn jkmn`m mafà q`mn è`m jazktag` ekg{ja`m

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|kmafà`m ekf`qè`m amvkyz`ya q`mn gkmqkf`t`ye`m mafà è`m j`z`mn

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mafà yke`t`mn |kmktag``m'|kmktag``m e`y dktyah (`fat`m e`y

c|kt`yacm`f g`{|{m `fat`m e`y zktgam`f! ja g`y` q`mn è`m j`z`mn-

M_\ j`|`z jahaz{mn jkmn`m gkmnn{mè`m t{g{y ykd`nà

dktae{z 2

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Jag`m`2

M\_ 7 Mafà yke`t`mn dktyah

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Etazkta` ekf`qè`m 2

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d- M\_ 7 mkn`zao (6

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ja{e{t j`ta |kmktag``m |tcqke- Ykfàm ekfkg`h`m ama& M\_ yki`t`

zkctazay gkt{|è`m etazkta` q`mn zk|`z e`tkm` gkmn{e{t j`g|è j`ta

|kmktag``m |tcqke |`j` mafà ke{az`y |kt{y`h``m-

Ykfàm ekfkg`h`m ja `z`y& gkm{t{z G{tjaoam j`m Y`fag (4


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GkzcjkAmzktm`f T`zk co Tkz{tm (ATT! ama gkmnn{mè`m gkzcjk

icd`'icd` {mz{e gkg|cktcfkh mafà dktyah yke`t`mn y`g` jkmn`m mcf&

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yke`t`mn |cyazao j`m mafà dktyah yke`t`mn mkn`zao q`mn gkmjke`za mcf-

I`t`mq`& haz{mn mafà yke`t`mn j`ta `t{y e`y dktyah j`ta y{`z{

amvkyz`ya jkmn`m gkmnn{mè`m y{e{ d{mn` q`mn ~`b`t& f`f{

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gè` jaicd` f`na jkmn`m y{e{ d{mn` q`mn fkdah zamnna jkgaea`m

ykzkt{ymq` hamnn` da`q` amvkyz`ya gkmb`ja y`g` dky`t- Ykd`faemq`&

jkmn`m y{e{ d{mn` ~`b`t z`ja mafà amvkyz`ya fkdah dky`t& gè` icd`

f`na jkmn`m y{e{ d{mn` q`mn fkdah tkmj`h y`g|à gkmj`|`ze`m mafà

amvkyz`ya q`mn y`g` dky`t jkmn`m mafà dktyah yke`t`mn-

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ykd`nà dktae{z2

ATT = `t{y |kmnkgd`fa`m (a! q`mn jaamname`m (tkp{atkj t`zk cotkz{tm ' ATT!& |tcqke jazktag`-

ATT 6 `t{y |kmnkgd`fa`m (a! q`mn jaamname`m (tkp{atkj t`zk cotkz{tm ' ATT!& |tcqke jazcfè-

ATT 7 `t{y |kmnkgd`fa`m (a! q`mn jaamname`m (tkp{atkj t`zk cotkz{tm ' ATT!& |tcqke jazktag`-

Bae` zamne`z |kmnkgd`fa`m amzktm`f |`j` y{`z{ |tcqke& y`g`

jkmn`m zamne`z |kmnkgd`fa`m q`mn jaamname`m |kgkn`mn y`h`g& gè`


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|tcqke h`t{y jazktag`& ykd`d |kt{y`h``m ykj`mn gkmj`|`ze`m zamne`z

q`mn jaamname`m cfkh |kgkn`mn y`h`g-

Bae` M\_ |cyazao& gè` ATT h`t{y fkdah dky`t j`ta zamne`z

|kmnkgd`fa`m q`mn jaamname`m- Jkmn`m dknaz{& ykg{` etazka`'etazkta`

`t{y e`y jayecmzc& ecmyayzkm j`m è`m gkgdkta ek|{z{y`m gkmktag`

`z`{ gkmcfè q`mn ykt{|`-

Jae`tkmè`m zamne`z |kmnkgd`fa`m amzktm`f gkt{|è`m etazkta`

`t{y e`y jayecmzc q`mn fàm& gè` ATT dkt`j` ja j`f`g ykd`nà icmzch

ek{mz{mn`m j`m ekt{na`m {g{g q`mn y`g` yk|ktza mafà dktyah

yke`t`mn-

9- Gkgd`mjamne`m M\_ j`m ATTZkf`h jad`h`y etazkta` ykfkeya |tcqke jkmn`m gkmn{mè`m

gkzcjk M_\ j`m ATT- \ktz`mq``m q`mn g{mneam zagd{f `j`f`h

`|è`h ekj{` gkzcjk zktykd{z gkgdktae`m h`yaf q`mn y`g` jafah`z

j`ta y{j{z gkm`tae zajèmq` |tcqke q`mn dkty`mne{z`m {mz{e jazktag`

`z`{ zajè- J`ta |kmamb`{`m fkdah f`mb{z è`m zktfah`z d`h~` ekj{`

etazkta` ja `z`y gkmnh`yafe`m ekyag|{f`m ykd`nà dktae{z2

`- Gkgdktae`m H`yaf Ekyag|{f`m q`mn Y`gÈkj{` etazkta` è`m gkgdktae`m h`yaf t`meamn q`mn y`g`

zkth`j`| gkm`tae zajèmq` y{`z{ {y{f`m |tcqke& jkmn`m i`z`z`m

dktae{z2


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0! @fat`m e`y |tcqke h`t{y gkmnae{za |cf` q`mn ykbkmay(`fat`m ekf{`t |`j` g`y` `~`f j`m ykf`mb{zmq` `fat`m e`y

g`y{e dktekyam`gd{mn`m y`g|à ehat {g{t |tcqke!-

4! \tcqke dktjata ykmjata j`m d{e`m |tcqke q`mn dktyao`zy`famn gkma`jè`m (g{z{`ffq kxif{yavk |tcbkiz!-

d- Gkgdktae`m Ekyag|{f`m q`mn DktdkjÈtazkta` q`mn y`z{ j`|`z gkgdktae`m ek|{z{y`m jazcfè `z`{

jazktag` q`mn dktdkj` jkmn`m etazkta` q`mn fàm daf`g`m`

zktj`|`z h`f'h`f dktae{z2

0! \`j` `fat`m e`y |tcqke zajè ykbkmay& zktb`ja dkdkt`|` e`fa|kt{d`h`m z`mj` (%! j`m ('!-

4! \tcqke'|tcqke dktyao`z y`famn gkma`jè`m-9! \tcqke'|tcqke zktykd{z gkgafaea {e{t`m `z`{ ye`f` q`mn

d`mqè dktdkj`-

Oèz` q`mn |ktf{ ja|kth`zae`m `j`f`h d`h~` M\_ gkgdktae`m

`mne` `dycf{z ykj`mne`m ATT gkgdkta `mne` |ktd`mjamn`m ykhamnn`

zajè gkg`y{ee`m oèzct ye`f` `z`{ {e{t`m |tcqke- Jkmn`m jkgaea`m&

M\_ ja`mnn`| fkdah y{|ktactjad`mjamn gkzcjk ATT- Cfkh e`tkm` az{&

gkzcjk M\_ amaf`h q`mn ja`mb{te`m {mz{e jan{mè`m j`f`g

gkmn`m`fayay fat`m e`y tkmi`m` |tcqke (amvkyz`ya!-


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;- \kmkg{`m o`yafaz`y'o`yafaz`y q`mn day` gkmnh`yafe`m |tcj{e q`mnfkdah dàe jkmn`m cmnecy q`mn fkdah tkmj`h j`m zamne`z ekykf`g`z`m

q`mn fkdah gkg`jà-

Dky`tmq` jk|tkya`ya z`h{m`m q`mn jaekmè`m |`j` y{`z{ |tc|ktzq è`m

zktn`mz{mn |`j` dkdkt`|` h`f qàz{ (0! cmnecy amvkyz`ya j`ta |tc|ktza

zktykd{z& (4! z`mnn`f |kgèà`m `~`fmq`& (9! kyzag`ya g`y` |kgèà`m& (:!

mafà yay` q`mn jazkz`|e`m& j`m (;! gkzcjk jk|tkya`ya q`mn jan{mè`m-

Zajè ykg{` bkmay |tc|ktzq `z`{ `ykz day` jajk|tkya`ya- @j` dkdkt`|`

yq`t`z q`mn h`t{y ja|km{ha `n`t y{`z{ `ykz `z`{ |tc|ktza day`

jajk|tkya`yae`m& mz`t` fàm2

0- H`t{y jan{mè`m {mz{e ek|ktf{`m daymay `z`{ gkg|ktcfkh|kmnh`yaf`m-

4- [g{t kecmcgaymq` day` jahaz{mn-9- [g{t kecmcgamq` fkdah j`ta y`z{ z`h{m-:- H`t{y gkt{|è`m yky{`z{ q`mn jan{mè`m& yky{`z{ q`mn gkmb`ja

{y`mn& `z`{ yky{`z{ q`mn mafàmq` gkm{t{m e`tkm` ykd`d'ykd`d

`f`ga`h-

[mz{e gkmnhaz{mn jk|tkya`ya& zktfkdah j`h{f{ |ktf{ jaekz`h{a h`f'h`f

dktae{z2


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0- D`yay `z`{ da`q` |ktz`g`D`yay `j`f`h mafà q`mn yky{à jkmn`m |tcykj{t |`bè {mz{e y{`z{ `ykz-

[g{gmq` zktjata j`ta mafà |ktcfkh`m jaz`gd`h |kmnkf{`t`m q`mn

jae`|az`fay`yae`m- \kmnkf{ t`m q`mn jae`|az`fay`yae`m j`|`z zktjata j`ta

da`q` |kmn`mne{z`m j`m |kg`y`mn`m y`g|à ya`| |èà-

4- \ktacjk tkicvktq\ktacjk tkicvktq `z`{ {g{t jk|tkya`ya `j`f`h g`y` jag`m` `ykz

ja|kteatè`m g`yah j`|`z dktc|kt`ya |`j` zamne`z koayakmya q`mn

jah`t`|e`m- Ykzkf`h az{ `ykz jah`|{ye`m j`ta |kthaz{mn`m è{mz`mya

(~tazzkm'coo!- G{mneam y`b` `ykz zktykd{z ykzkf`h ~tazzkm'coog`yah fè{

jab{`f ja |`y`t dkd`y-

9- @t{y jk|tkya`yaEkik|`z`m `z`{ `t{y jk|tkya`ya qàz{ dkt`|` dky`t d`na`m mafà `ykz

q`mn jajk|tkya`yae`m `z`{ jaekf{`te`m j`ta mafà d{e{ |kt{y`h``m |kt

z`h{m-

:- Mafà yay`Mafà yay` `j`f`h h`tn` |kmb{`f`m `ykz |`j` èhat {g{t jk|tkya`ya-

[g{gmq` {mz{e gkg{j`he`m |kthaz{mn`m& mafà yay` ja`mnn`| 7


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Yktamn e`fa |`j` ~èz{ gkgd{`z |kteat``m `fat`m e`y jad{`z `y{gya

d`h~` `ykz zktykd{z |`j` y``z ~tazzkm'coog`yah gkgafaea mafà yay` (y`fv`nk

v`f{k!- J`f`g h`f ama `z{t`m j`y`t q`mn gkmkmz{e`m mafà j`m jk|tkya`ya

zajè dkte{t`mn jkmn`m `j`mq` |kteat``m mafà yay`- H`mq` y`b` |ktf{

ja|kth`zae`m daf` m`mza zktmq`z` tk`fay`ya h`tn` |kmb{`f`m `ykz zktykd{z fkdah

zamnna j`ta mafà d{e{& gè` ykfayahmq` h`t{y jaekmè`m |`bè yky{à

dky`tmq` |ktykmz`yk (+! |`bè |kmj`|`z`m |kt{y`h``m zktykd{z- M`g{m& daf`

h`tn` |kmb{`f`mmq` fkdah tkmj`h e`m dktèad`z j`mq` |kmnhkg`z`m |`bè-

D`mqè gkzcjk q`mn day` ja|èà {mz{e gkmkmz{e`m dkd`m jk|tkya`ya

z`h{m`m j`ta y{`z{ `ykz- Ja`mz`t` gkzcjk'gkzcjk zktykd{z& q`mn yktamn

ja|èà j`f`h2

0- Gkzcjk n`tay f{t{y (Yztànhz Famk `z`{ YF!Gkzcjk jk|tkya`ya n`tay f{t{y jaj`y`te`m `z`y `y{gya d`h~`

dkte{t`mnmq` mafà y{`z{ `ykz yki`t` famakt (|tc|ctyacm`f! zkth`j`|

~èz{ `z`{ {g{t j`ta `ykz zktykd{z- Gkzcjk ama i{e{| d`mqè ja|èà

e`tkm` |kthaz{mn`mmq` gkg`mn i{e{| ykjkth`m`- Dky`tmq` jk|tkya`ya

za`| z`h{m jkmn`m gkzcjk YF jahaz{mn dktj`y`te`m2

Jz 7

---- (4-?!

Jag`m`2

Jz 7 dky`tmq` jk|tkya`ya |`j` z`h{m ek'z

\ 7 cmnecy `~`f j`ta `ykz q`mn dkty`mne{z`m

Y 7 mafà yay` j`ta `ykz zktykd{z


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M 7 g`y` |èà ({g{t! j`ta `yykz zktykd{z jamq`zè`m j`f`g

z`h{m-

4- Gkzcjk b{gf`h janaz z`h{m (Y{g co Qk`ty Janaz`z`{ YCQJ!YQCJ `j`f`h y`f`h y`z{ gkzcjk q`mn jat`mi`mn {mz{e gkgdkd`me`m

jk|tkya`ya fkdah dky`t |`j` z`h{m'z`h{m `~`f j`m ykgèam ekiaf {mz{e

z`h{m'z`h{m dktae{zmq`- Ama dkt`tza gkzcjk YCQJ gkgdkd`me`m

jk|tkya`ya q`mn fkdah ik|`z j`ta gkzcjk YF- I`t` |kthaz{mn`m

jk|tkya`ya jkmn`m gkzcjk YQCJ jag{fà jkmn`m b{gf`h janaz z`h{m

j`ta 0 y`g|à M `mne` q`mn ja|ktcfkh jam`gè`m b{gf`h janaz z`h{m

(YCQJ!- Dky`tmq` jk|tkya`ya za`| z`h{m ja|ktcfkh jkmn`m

gkmn`fahe`m cmnecy `~`f jae{t`mna mafà yay` (\'Y! j`ta `ykz zktykd{z

jkmn`m t`yac `mz`t` b{gf`h z`h{m yay` {g{t `ykz zkth`j`| mafà YCQJ-

Yki`t` g`zkg`zay dky`tmq` jk|tkya`ya za`| z`h{m j`|`z jaz{fay2

Jz 7

7

& (z 7 0& 4&M!---- (4->!

Jag`m`2

Jz 7 dkd`m jk|tkya`ya |`j` z`h{m ek'z

YCQJ 7 b{gf`h janaz z`h{m j`ta 0 y`g|à M-


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9- Gkzcjk ekykagd`mn`m gkm{t{m (Jkifamamn D f`mik `z`{ JD!Yk|ktza h`fmq` gkzcjk b{gf`h janaz z`h{m& gkzcjk ekykagd`mn`m

gkm{t{m b{n` gkmq{y{ze`m mafà y{`z{ `ykz fkdah ik|`z j`ta z`h{m'

z`h{m `~`f j`m yki`t` |tcntkyao gkm{t{m |`j` z`h{m'z`h{m

ykf`mb{zmq`- Gkzcjk ama day` ja|èà daf` {g{t `ykz fkdah j`ta 9 z`h{m-

Dky`tmq` jk|tkya`ya |`j` z`h{m zktzkmz{ jahaz{mn jkmn`m gkmn`fae`m

y{`z{ |ktykmz`yk zkz`| j`ta mafà d{e{ `ykz zktykd{z |`j` èhat z`h{m

ykdkf{gmq`- Jkmn`m jkgaea`m gè` dky`tmq` dkd`m jk|tkya`ya |`j`

z`h{m ek'z j`f`h2

Jz 7 jD_z'0 (4-8!

Jag`m`2

j 7 zamne`z jk|tkya`ya q`mn jazkz`|e`m

D_z'0 7 mafà d{e{ `ykz |`j` èhat z`h{m ykdkf{gmq` (z'0!-

Mafà d{e{ |`j` èhat z`h{m |ktz`g` 2

D_0 7 D_


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|ktacjk jk|tkya`ya- Jkmn`m yao`z q`mn jkgaea`m gè` |kgèà`m

gkzcjk jk|tkya`ya yameamn o{mj zajè è`m gkmn{mz{mne`m daf`

jazamb`{ j`ta y{j{z |`bè q`mn h`t{y jaz`mnn{mn |kt{y`h``m- @f`y`m

amaf`h q`mn gkmqkd`de`m gkzcjk jk|tkya`ya ama b`t`mn ja|èà-

Dky`tmq` mafà |`zce`m jk|tkya`ya za`| z`h{m jahaz{mn j`ta ecmvktya

mafà q`mn è`m jajk|tkya`ya (\'Y! ykf`g` M |ktacjk ek'z mafà ykt`n`g

z`h{m`m jkmn`m d{mn` ykdky`t a+& z`{2

@ 7 (\'Y!(@#O&a+&M!---- (4-0

Jkmn`m jkgaea`m gè` dky`tmq` jk|tkya`ya |`j` z`h{m ek'z `j`f`h

b{gf`h j`ta mafà |`zce`m jk|tkya`ya (@! jkmn`m d{mn` q`mn

jah`yafe`m-

B`ja& jk|tkya`ya |`j` z`h{m |ktz`g` `j`f`h @& |`j` z`h{m ekj{`

`j`f`h @(0%a!& j`m |`j` z`h{m ek'z `j`f`h @(0%z!z'0& `z`{ y`g` jkmn`m

@(O#\&a+&z'0!- J`ta yama day` jahaz{mn dky`tmq` jk|tkya`ya |`j` z`h{m

ek'z j`f`h2

Jz 7 (\'Y!(@#O&a+&M!(O#\&a+&z'0!----- (4-00!

;-

Gkzcjk {maz |tcj{eya (\tcj{izacm [maz`z`{ [\!

@|`daf` |kmq{y{z`m y{`z{ `ykz fkdah jazkmz{e`m cfkh amzkmyaz`y

|kgèà`mmq` jad`mjamne`m jkmn`m f`g`mq` `f`z zktykd{z jagafaea

gè` jk|tkya`yamq` day` jaj`y`te`m `z`y {maz |tcj{eya `z`{ {maz c{z|{z

j`ta `ykz `z`{ |tc|ktza zktykd{z- \`j` |tamya|mq`& {maz |tcj{eya day`

jamq`zè`m j`ta y`f`h y`z{ {e{t`m dktae{z2


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`- C{z|{z |tcj{eya& gay`fmq` vcf{gk `z`{ dkt`z j`ta g`zkta`f q`mnja|amj`he`m cfkh y{`z{ `f`z |kmn`mne{z`m g`zkta`f |`j` z`h{m

zktzkmz{ jad`mjamne`m jkmn`m dkt`z `z`{ vcf{gk g`zkta`f q`mn

ja|kteatè`m day` ja|amj`he`m ykf`g` g`y` |èà j`ta `f`z

zktykd{z-

d- H`ta c|kt`ya& gkm{mb{ee`m b{gf`h h`ta c|kt`ya y{`z{ `ykzykf`g` z`h{m zktzkmz{ jad`mjamne`m jkmn`m key|kez`ya zcz`f h`ta

c|kt`ya j`ta ykz zktykd{z ykf`g` g`y` |èàmq`-

i- \tcqkeya |kmj`|`z`m& gkm{mb{ee`m kyzag`ya |kmj`|`z`m |`j`z`h{m zktzkmz{ j`ta y{`z{ `ykz q`mn jayk~è`m jad`mjamne`m

jkmn`m kyzag`ya |kmj`|`z`m j`ta |kmqk~``m `f`z zktykd{z ykf`g`

g`y` |èàmq`-

\`j` gkzcjk jk|tkya`ya {maz |tcj{eya ama& dky`tmq` jk|tkya`ya

ja|kthaz{mne`m y`g` {mz{e za`| y`z{`m c{z|{z |tcj{eya j`ta `ykz

zktykd{z& z`m|` gkg|kthaz{mne`m dkt`|` f`g` c{z|{z zktykd{z jai`|à-

[maz c{z|{z `z`{ {maz |tcj{eya ama day` jamq`zè`m jkmn`m y`f`h y`z{

j`ta 9 {e{t`m q`mn ja{tàe`m ja `z`y- Gay`fe`m [z `j`f`h b{gf`h {maz

|tcj{eya y{`z{ `ykz ykf`g` z`h{m z j`m [ `j`f`h zcz`f {maz |tcj{eya

j`ta `ykz zktykd{z ykf`g` g`y` |èàmq`& gè` dky`tmq` jk|tkya`ya

|`j` z`h{m z `j`f`h b{gf`h q`mn dcfkh jajk|tkya`ya (\'Y! jae`fae`m

jkmn`m t`yac [z # [ - Jkmn`m e`z` fàm&

Jz7

-- (4-04!


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Jkmn`m jkgaea`m gè` mafà d{e{ |`j` èhat z`h{m ek'z jadktae`m

cfkh2

D_z 7 \ '

([0 % [4 %% [0!--- (4-09!

O- \km`fzq `z`{ Jkmj`\km`fzq j`f`g `tza fàm ja yama j`|`z b{n` ja`tzae`m ykd`nà jkmj`-

Jkmj` `j`f`h h{e{g`m q`mn dkt{|` ekh`t{y`m gkgd`q`t j`f`g dkmz{e

{`mn (e`tkm` gkf`mnn`t `z{t`m& {mj`mn'{mj`mn& j`m ykd`nàmq`!- Jkmj`

jaekf{`te`m ekzae` y`f`h y`z{ |ahè gkfè{e`m |kf`mnn`t`m zkth`j`|

|ktb`mba`m q`mn zkf`h jayk|è`za `mz`t` j{` dkf`h |ahè- Dky`tmq` jkmj`

q`mn jaekf{`te`m b{n` jayky{àe`m dktj`y`te`m |ktb`mba`m q`mn zkf`h jad{`z-


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F`mj`y`m zkcta ama j`|`z ja|ktcfkh j`ta dktd`nà y{gdkt ek|{yzè``m

dkt{|`2 d{e{& b{tm`f& z{fay`m afga`h& j`m b{n` y{gdkt'y{gdkt fàmmq`-

J- \kmncf`h`m J`z`@m`fayay j`z`'j`z` {mz{e gkmnkz`h{a ekf`qè`m amvkyz`ya n{j`mn

g`zkta`f gkyam gkfa|{za2

0- \kteat``m Amvkyz`ya @~`f\kteat``m mafà `~`f amvkyz`ya gkfa|{za |kmn`mnn`t`m |kgd`mn{m`m

n{j`mn (i`|az`f kx|kmjaz{tk! j`m |kgdkfa`m èzav` zkz`|-

4- \kthaz{mn`m Jk|tkya`ya @ykz\kthaz{mn`m mafà jk|tkya`ya jafè{e`m {mz{e `ykz'`ykz |kt{y`h``m

q`mn gkgafaea zamne`z |km{t{m`m mafà èad`z ~èz{ j`m

|kgèà`mmq`& yk|ktza d`mn{m`m n{j`mn& |ktfkmne`|`m j`m |kt`f`z`m

n{j`mn q`mn gkgafaea mafà kecmcgay-

9- Gkg|kteatè`m \kmnhkg`z`m Da`q`\km`fzq\kteat``m |kmnhkg`z`m da`q` |km`fzq gkt{|è`m |kteat``m da`q`

g`mo``z ykzkf`h `j`mq` n{j`mn g`zkta`f-

:- \tcqkeya @fat`m E`y\tcqkeya `fat`m e`y è`m gkfa|{za `fat`m e`y g`y{e j`m `fat`m e`y

ekf{`t ykf`g` {g{t kecmcgay n{j`mn& jag`m` ykfayah `mz`t` ekj{`mq`


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(`fat`m e`y g`y{e jae{t`mna `fat`m e`y ekf{`t! è`m gkmnh`yafe`m

`fat`m e`y dktyah-

`- @fat`m E`y G`y{e@fat`m e`y g`y{e gkt{|è`m |kmb{gf`h`m j`ta `fat`m e`y q`mn

ja|ktcfkh j`ta èzavaz`y c|kt`yacm`f& j`f`g h`f ama `j`f`h

|kmnhkg`z`m da`q`|km`fzq-

d- @fat`m E`y Ekf{`t@fat`m e`y ekf{`t gkt{|è`m `t{y e`y q`mn ekf{`t {mz{e

gkgda`qà ekna`z`m c|kt`yacm`f (c|kt`zamn kx|kmyky! q`mn

dkth{d{mn`m jkmn`m |kgda`q``m ykf`g` {g{t kecmcgay

n{j`mn-

K- @m`fayay Ekf`qè`m Amvkyz`ya\`j` `m`fayay ekf`qè`m amvkyz`ya& yayzkg |ktykja``m g`zkta`f gkyam

ykzkf`h `j`mq` n{j`mn ja`y{gyae`m dàe (zajè zktb`ja yzcie c{z!& ykhamnn`

`fat`m e`y q`mn jazagd{fe`m `j`f`h `fat`m e`y q`mn jaykd`de`m cfkh |tcqke

amvkyz`ya n{j`mn g`zkta`f zktykd{z- Gkzcjk q`mn jan{mè`m {mz{e

gkmn`m`fayay ekf`qè`m |kgd`mn{m`m n{j`mn g`zkta`f gkyam j`f`g `y|ke

oam`mya`f `j`f`h2


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0- @m`fayay jkmn`mMkz \tkykmz _`f{k (M\_!@m`fayay ama dktj`y`te`m maf`a yke`t`mn j`ta `fat`m e`y g`y{e dktyah

(mkz i`yh ofc~y! ja g`y` q`mn `e`m j`z`mn (ykf`g` {g{t kecmcgay!-

Jkmn`m etazkta`2

@|`daf` M\_


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::

N- D`n`m Gkzcjcfcna \kmkfaza`m

N`gd`t 9-0 D`n`m Gkzcjcfcna \kmkfaza`m

Yz{ja \kmj`h{f{`m

Yz{ja F`|`mn`m Yz{ja \{yz`e`

Ajkmzaoae`ya G`y`f`h

Z{b{`m \kmkfaza`m

\kmn{g|{f`m j`m \kmncf`h`m J`z`

J`z` da`q` amvkyz`ya `~`f(|kgd`mn{m`m n{j`mn& gkyam&

|kt`f`z`m !

J`z` c|kt`yacm`f n{j`mn J`z` da`q`|km`fzq J`z` jk|tkya`ya

@m`fayay

Gkgd{`z `fat`m e`y ykf`g` {g{t|tcqke

Gkmq{y{m etazkta` |kmaf`a`m jkmn`mgkzcjkMkz \tkykmz _`f{k j`mAmzktm`f

T`zk co Tkz{tm

Yag|{f`m j`m Y`t`m


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D@D A_

\KMN[G\[F@M J@M \KMNCF@H@M J@Z@

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zamne`z ekf`qè`m j`f`g amvkyz`ya n{j`mn g`zkta`f gkyam ja \Z- A\ {maz

Amjt`f`q`& Y{g`zkt` Ykf`z`m& `|è`h f`qè jab`f`me`m `z`{ zajè& gè`

j`f`g gkmn`m`fayay j`z` ja|ktf{e`m j`z`'j`z` gkmnkmà kyzag`ya da`q`

|kgd`mn{m`m n{j`mn j`m y`t`m` |km{mb`mn ja \Z- \Z- A\ {maz Amjt`f`q`&

Y{g`zkt` Ykf`z`m- J`z` ja|ktcfkh f`mny{mn j`ta |kt{y`h``m yky{à jkmn`m

gkzcjk |kmn{g|{f`m q`mn jan{mè`m& qàz{ gkf`f{a ~`~`mi`t` j`m

cdyktv`ya-

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Y{g`zkt` Ykf`z`m& |kt{y`h``m gkg|kteatè`m da`q`'da`q` q`mn

jaekf{`te`m- Da`q`'da`q` q`mn jaekf{`te`m cfkh |kt{y`h``m gkt{|è`m

gcj`f j`f`g |ktkmi`m``m |kgd`mn{m`m n{j`mn zktykd{z q`mn jab`jae`m

ykd`nà amvkyz`ya `~`f- J`z` amvkyz`ya `~`f ja|ktf{e`m ykd`nà |ktzagd`mn`m

`z`y |kmnkf{`t`m j`m` q`mn jafè{e`m |kt{y`h``m j`f`g |kgd`mn{m`m

n{j`mn g`zkta`f& |kgdkfa`m èzav` zkz`|& j`m |kt`f`z`m fàmq` q`mn

ja|ktf{e`m ja`~`f |kgd`mn{m`m n{j`mn- J`z`'j`z` q`mn jaj`|`z j`ta

|kmn{g|{f`m j`z` ja \Z- A\& qàz{2


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Z`dkf :-0 Amvkyz`ya @~`f

MC- M@G@ @YKZ E[@MZAZ@Y DA@Q@ ZCZ@F

0-

D`mn{m`m N{j`mn (L

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ykdkf{g ja|`y`mne`m ekj`f`g gkyam |kgd`mneaz- [mz{e gkgd`mneaze`m

gkyam'gkyam zktykd{z |kt{y`h``m zkf`h gkmqkja`e`m j`q` fayztae ykdky`t

9


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Yk|ktza ecmy{gkm |`j` {g{gmq` y{gdkt fayztae q`mn jan{m`e`m cfkh

|kt{y`h``m jay`f{te`m cfkh \FM- \kgd`q`t`m fayztae dad`na gkmb`ja j{`

q`az{ {mz{e 9


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N`gd`t :-0 Ntòae \kmafà`m \kmn{t`mn`m Da`q`\km`fzq

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e`tkm` gkg|{mqà ekzkteàz`m ykd`nà dktae{z2

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jaj`f`g n{j`mn- Ekzkteàz`m g`m{ya` jkmn`m |kmafà`m |kmnhkg`z`m

da`q` |km`fzq e`tkm` jkmn`m ykgèam g`m{ya` gkg`h`ga o{mnya

n{j`mn j`m yayzkg |kmnkmj`fa`m g`zkta`f gè` o{mnya n{j`mn

gkmb`ja c|zag{g- Jkmn`m jkgaea`m ykza`| ekmj`f` q`mn zktb`ja èad`z

g`zkta`f j`|`z ja`z`ya ykdkf{g zktekm` da`q` |km`fzq- \`j` |kmafà`m

ama ja`y{gyae`m |ktket{z`m jafè{e`m h`mq` yke`fa {mz{e g`y` ektb`

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c|zag{g- \ktykmz`yk |kmafà`m j`|`z jafah`z |`j` n`gd`t :-4-

0


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n{j`mn g`zkta`f \Z- A\ {maz Y{g`zkt` Ykf`z`m j`m `t{y e`y g`y{e dktyah

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|kmnkf{`t`m j`ta `t{y e`y g`y{e jkmn`m `t{y e`y ekf{`t- Kyzag`ya `t{y e`y

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jk|`m-

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|kgd`mn{m`m n{j`mn g`zkta`f& zktg`y{e |kg`y`mn`m amz`f`ya fayztae&

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jah`yafe`m j`ta |kteat``m |kmnhkg`z`m da`q` |km`fzq ykf`g` {g{t n{j`mn

j`m mafà yay` daf` `j` jae{t`mna jkmn`m mafà amvkyz`ya j`m da`q`'da`q`

c|kt`yacm`f z`h{m`m yk|ktza da`q`'da`q` {g{g j`m |kmq{y{z`m-

Kyzag`ya `t{y e`y ykf`g` {g{t kecmcgay n{j`mn è`m jabkf`ye`m |`j`

z`dkf ;-0-


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Z`dkf ;-0 Kyzag`ya @t{y E`y z`h{m 4

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\`j` z`h{m ek'? y`g|à jkmn`m z`h{m ek'0< mafà jk|tkya`ya `ykz q`mn

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|kgdkfa`m gkyam d`t{-

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jaz`gd`he`m jkmn`m t{y e`y dktyah-

Z`dkf ;-9 @t{y E`y Dktyah Zcz`f 4


75/85

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\`j` `m`fay` ekf`qè`m amvkyz`ya ama& |kmafà`m ekf`qè`m amvkyz`ya

gkmnn{mè`m gkzcjk Mafà Dktyah Yke`t`mn (Mkz \tkykmz _`f{k! j`m

Zamne`z \kmnkgd`fa`m Amzktm`f (Amzktm`f T`zk co Tkz{tm!-

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e`y z`h{m`m q`mn jajayecmzc jkmn`m zamne`z d{mn` jae{t`mna mafà

amvkyz`ya `~`f- Zamne`z d{mn` jayecmzc ykd`nà oèzct |tkykmz v`f{k

q`mn jan{mè`m `j`f`h 8&>94+ |kt z`h{m `z`y |ktzagd`mn`m j`ta t`z`'

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|ktamia`m y{e{ d{mn` |ktz`h{m ykd`nà dktae{z2

Z`dkf ;-: Zamne`z Y{e{ D{mn` Z`h{m 4


76/85

>9

8&>94+- Mafà yke`t`mn `t{y e`y z`h{m`m jaj`|`z jkmn`m gkmn`fae`m

mafà `t{y e`y z`h{m`m |tcqke jkmn`m oèzct mafà yke`t`mnmq`- Ykfayah

`mz`t` zcz`f |tkykmz v`f{k `t{y e`y z`h{m`m jkmn`m mafà amvkyz`ya `~`f

gkt{|è`m M\_ |tcqke-

\kthaz{mn`m M\_ `z`y amvkyz`ya ama `j`f`h ykd`nà dktae{z2

Z`dkf ;-; \kthaz{mn`m M\_ amvkyz`ya n{j`mn \Z- A\ jkmn`m

zamne`z y{e{ d{mn` 8&>94+-

Z`h{m@t{y E`y Dktyah

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gkgdktae`m ek{mz{mn`m d`na |kt{y`h``m& yk|ktza zktfah`z |`j` mafà

|tkykmz vkf{k `t{y e`y dktyah ja g`y` è`m j`z`mn q`mn b`{h fkdah

dky`t jad`mjamn mafà amvkyz`ya `~`f (T|- 0-19;-90


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\kthahaz{mn`m |ktz`g` è`m gkmnn{mè`m y{e{ d{mn` 0;+2

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Z`dkf ;-> \kthaz{mn`m M\_ amvkyz`ya |kgd`mn{m`m n{j`mn

g`zkta`f jkmn`m zamne`z y{e{ d{mn` 9;+


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Z`dkf ;-8 \kthaz{mn`m M\_ amvkyz`ya |kgd`mn{m`m n{j`mn

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83/85

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:;&90+- B{gf`h zktykd{z gkm{mb{ee`m d`h~` ATT = 8&>94+&

gè` tkmi`m` |kgd`mn{m`m n{j`mn f`qè jazktag`-


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D- Y`t`m@j`|{m dkdkt`|` y`t`m q`mn zkteàz j`f`g |kfèy`m``m |tcqke

amvkyz`ya |kgd`mn{m`m n{j`mn g`zkta`f ama j`f`h ykd`nà dktae{z2

0- ^`f`{|{m h`yaf j`ta `m`fayay ek{`mn`m |tcqke ama f`qè {mz{ejazktag`& |kt{y`h``m b{n` h`t{y gkg|kth`zaè`m yayzkg |kmnkmj`fa`m

|ktykja``m g`zkta`f ja n{j`mn- E`tkm` |kthaz{mn`m n{j`mn ama f`qè

jkmn`m `y{gya |kmnkmj`fa`m j`m |ktkmi`m``m |ktykja``m g`zkta`f

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|kmnkmj`fa`m |ktykja``m g`zkta`f gkyam gè` |kgd`mn{m`m n{j`mn

è`m ya`'ya`-

4- [mz{e gkg|ktdàea eamktb` ek{`mn`m |`yi` |kfèy`m``m |tcqke ama&|kt{y`h``m h`t{y fkdah gkg|kth`zae`m f`na |kmamne`z`m |tcj{eya j`m

gkg|kth`zae`m ekg`g|{`m gkyam `n`t j`|`z dkektb` yki`t` c|zag`f-

H`f zktykd{z j`|`z jafè{e`m jkmn`m i`t` gkmamne`ze`m e{`faz`y

|kgkfah`t``m ykhamnn` zajè zktb`ja f`na |kf`mnn`t`m j`m gkmi`|à

z`tnkz |kmnhkg`z`m da`q`|km`fzq-


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J@OZ@T \[YZ@E@

D`me Amjcmkya`- F`|ct`m Z`h{m`m D`me Amjcmkya` 4

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