analisa kebijakan australia dalam pengalihan ...eprints.umm.ac.id/44971/1/pendahuluan.pdfole.pdf...

i

ANALISA KEBIJAKAN AUSTRALIA DALAM PENGALIHAN

PENGUNGSI KE NAURU DAN PAPUA NEW GUINEA

SKRIPSI

Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata S-1

Jurusan Hubungan Internasional

HARDIANTI

201410360311046

JURUSAN HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2019

iv

BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI

Nama : Hardianti

NIM : 201410360311046

Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Program Studi : Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Judul Skripsi : Analisa Kebijakan Australia dalam Pengalihan Pengungsi

ke Nauru dan Papua New Guinea

Pembimbing : 1. M. Syaprin Zahidi, MA

2. Dr. Saiman M.Si

Kronologi Bimbingan :

Malang, 4 Desember 2018

Mengetahui,

Pembimbing I Pembimbing II

M. Syaprin Zahidi, MA Dr. Saiman M.Si

Tanggal Paraf Dosen

Pembimbing I

Paraf Dosen

Pembimbing II Keterangan

06 Februari 2018 Pengajuan Judul

03 April 2018 ACC BAB I

26 April 2018 Seminar Proposal

24 November

2018

ACC BAB II

30 Desember 2018 ACC BAB III

04 Desember 2018 ACC BAB IV

04 Desember 2018 ACC Ujian Skripsi

v

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS

Yang bertandatangan dibawah ini:

Nama : Hardianti

Tempat, Tanggal Lahir : Tomoni, 25 Agustus 1996

Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Program Studi : Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Menyatakan bahwa karya ilmiah (skripsi) dengan judul:

“ANALISA KEBIJAKAN AUSTRALIA DALAM PENGALIHAN

PENGUNGSI KE NAURU DAN PAPUA NEW GUINEA”

Adalah bukan karya tulis ilmiah atau skripsi orang lain, baik sebagian atau

seluruhnya, kecuali dalam bentuk kutipan yang telah saya sebutkan sumbernya

dengan benar.

Demikian surat pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenar-benarnya dan

apabila pernyataan ini tidak benar, saya bersedia mendapat sanksi sesuai dengan

ketentuan yang berlaku.


Yang menyatakan,

Hardianti

vi

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT. karena telah memberikan rahmat serta

karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian dengan judul

“Analisa Kebijakan Australia dalam Pengalihan Pengungsi ke Nauru dan Papua

New Guinea” ini dapat diselesaikan tepat pada waktunya.

Skripsi ini disusun dan diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk

memperoleh gelar sarjana strata 1 (S-1) pada fakultas ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik,

Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Penelitian ini masih terdapat banyak kesalahan karena kekurangan penulis.

Semoga hasil penelitian ini dapat berguna, khususnya untuk mahasiswa Ilmu

Hubungan Intersional, FISIP, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang lainnya. Atas

terselesaikannya skripsi ini penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada:

1. Bapak Drs. H. Ahmad Fauzan, MPd selaku rector Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang, beserta seluruh jajaran Pembantu Rektor dan

seluruh Staff Rektorat UMM.

2. Bapak Dr. Rinikso Kartono, M.Si selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan

Ilmu Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, beserta Pembantu

Dekan I, II dan III.

3. Bapak Syaprin Zahidi, M.A selaku Ketua Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan

Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang.

vii

4. Bapak Syaprin Zahidi, M.A selaku pembimbing I dan Bapak Dr. Saiman

M.Si selaku pembimbing II yang telah membantu dan membimbing

penulis sehingga berhasil menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

5. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu

Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.


Penulis,

Hardianti

viii

MOTTO

“Kembangkanlah keimanan sebagai layarmu, logika sebagai pendayung kapalmu,

ilmu pengetahuan sebagai nahkoda perjalananmu, dan kesabaran sebagai jangkar

dalam setiap badai cobaan.”

- Ali Bin Abi Thalib

ix

HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN

Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari perjuangan akhir dalam

menyelesaikan studi di Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, terlepas dari

kekurangan penulisan secara teknis dan substansial penulis ingin mengucapkan

terima kasih sekaligus penghargaan kepada seluruh pihak yang telah membantu

menyelesaikan penelitian ini :

1. Kepada kedua orang tua saya, bapak saya dan ibu saya yang tidak

ada hentinya untuk mengirimkan doa dan dukungannya untuk saya

agar terus berjuang sampai pada proses saat ini. Kedua adik saya

Husna dan Hisyam yang selalu menghibur saya sekaligus juga

menjadi semangat bagi saya untuk terus berjuang.

2. Kepada tante-tante saya dan sepupu-sepupu saya yang selalu

menanyakan kabar kapan wisuda, serta memberikan dukungan

untuk saya agar terus semangat menjalani proses ini.

3. Kepada sahabat seperjuangan saya dan berasal dari daerah yang

sama, Diah dan Indi yang selalu membantu dan memberikan

dukungannya dari awal masuk kuliah hingga saat ini. Untuk

sahabat-sahabat saya Bimbi, Al, Mega, Ahda, Desi, Intan dan

Anggi, yang sama-sama berjuang dalam proses ini dengan

memberikan dukungan dan juga hiburan didalamnya. Kepada

sahabat saya lainnya, Ummul, Ani, Unnu, dan Rani dan masih

banyak lagi yang juga memberikan semangat untuk saya.

x

4. Kepada kak Regita yang telah membantu dan menemani saya

dalam melakukan proses ini. Kepada Aca, Nanda dan Silvi yang

membantu saya untuk memperoleh setiap informasi yang saya

butuhkan.

Masih banyak lagi ucapan terima kasih dan persembahan yang

tidak bisa penulis sebutkan satu persatu. Semoga orang-orang yang

telah membantu dan menemani saya selama melakukan proses

perkuliahan di Malang selalu dalam lindungan Allah SWT. dan

dimudahkan segala urusannya.

xi

DAFTAR ISI

SAMPUL DALAM ................................................................................................ i

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI ............................................................... ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ iii

BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ...................................................... iv

PERNYATAAN ORSINALITAS ........................................................................v

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... vi

ABSTRACK ....................................................................................................... vii

KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... viii

MOTTO .................................................................................................................x

HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ......................................................................... xi

DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR TABEL ...............................................................................................xv

DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xvi

DAFTAR BAGAN ............................................................................................ xvii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ......................................................................................1

1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ...............................................................................1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................................6

1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................6

1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................6

1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ..............................................................................7

a. Manfaat Akademis ........................................................................7

b. Manfaat Praktis .............................................................................7

1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu ...................................................................................7

1.5 Kerangka Teori ..........................................................................................16

1.6 Metode Penelitian ......................................................................................23

1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian .................................................................................23

1.6.2 Metode Analisis ................................................................................24

1.6.3 Tingkat Analisa ................................................................................24

xii

1.6.5 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ................................................................25

a. Batasan Waktu ............................................................................25

b. Batasan Materi .................................................................................... 25

1.7 Hipotesa .....................................................................................................25

1.8 Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................................27

BAB II AUSTRALIA SEBAGAI NEGARA DESTINASI PENGUNGSI .....29

2.1 Sejarah Masuknya Pengungsi ke Australia ...............................................29

2.2 Perkembangan Kebijakan Australia dalam Menghadapi Masalah

Pengungsi dan Pencari Suaka .................................................................... 32

2.3 Kebijakan Australia terhadap Pengungsi di Nauru dan Papua New

Guinea ....................................................................................................... 39

2.4 Dampak Kebijakan Australia terhadap Pengungsi yang ada di Nauru

dan Papua New Guinea ............................................................................. 48

BAB III PENGARUH PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI

AUSTRALIA ......................................................................................... 52

3.1 Kondisi Politik Domestik Australia ..........................................................53

3.1.1 Pengaruh Partai ................................................................................53

3.1.2 Pengaruh Media Massa ....................................................................58

3.2 Kondisi Ekonomi Australia .......................................................................67

3.2.1 Dampak Keberadaan Pengungsi terhadap Ekonomi di Australia ....67

3.2.2 Beban Ekonomi Australia terhadap Pengungsi yang ada di

Nauru dan Papua New Guinea .......................................................... 70

3.3 Konteks Internasional ................................................................................76

BAB IV PENUTUP .............................................................................................83

4.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................83

4.2 Saran ..........................................................................................................85

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..........................................................................................86

xiii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1.1 Posisi Penelitian ...............................................................................14

Tabel 1.2 Sistematika Penulisan .......................................................................27

Tabel 3.1 DIMIA - Offshore Asylum Seeker Management Budgeted Costs

2001-2002 ........................................................................................78

xiv

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 3.1 The Sydney Morning Herald, 29 Agustus 2001 ...........................58

Gambar 3.2 The Sydney Morning Herald, 28 Agustus 2001 ...........................64

Gambar 3.3 The Sydney Morning Herald, 31 December 2001 ........................65

xv

DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 1.1 Interaksi antar Faktor dalam Proses Pembuatan Keputusan Politik

Luar Negeri menurut William D. Coplin .........................................16

Bagan 3.1 Pengaruh Partai dalam Pengambilan Kebijakan .............................53

Bagan 3.2 Pengaruh Media Massa yang Menciptakan Opini Publik dalam

Pengambilan Kebijakan ...................................................................59

Bagan 3.3 Pengaruh Kedatangan Pengungsi terhadap Ekonomi Australia .......72

Bagan 3.4 Interaksi antara ‘Trigger’ dan ‘Result’ ............................................79

xvi

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xix

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