anak dan prinsip-prinsip perlindungan anak€¢ konvensi hak anak/ conventions on the rights of the...

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Heru Susetyo, SH. LL.M.M.Si. Anak & Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak dalam dalam Konvensi Hak Anak FHUI, Juni 2011

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Page 1: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

Heru Susetyo, SH.

LL.M.M.Si.

Anak

& Prinsip-Prinsip

Perlindungan Anak

dalamdalam

Konvensi Hak Anak

FHUI, Juni 2011

Page 2: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

CRC Mandala/Bhutan Chapter

Page 3: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

• Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of

The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General

Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20

November 1989November 1989

• Prosesnya telah dimulai sejak tahun 1979 dengan

penetapan International Year of the Child

• Jauh sebelumnya, Declarations of the Rights of

the Child telah diadopsi oleh League of Nations

(1924) dan United Nations (1959)

Page 4: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

Konvensi Hak Anak

• Adalah Konvensi yang paling banyak

diratifikasi di dunia

• Tahun 1990 20 negara meratifikasi

• Akhir tahun 1990 sudah 57 negara• Akhir tahun 1990 sudah 57 negara

• Pada 31 December 1995 telah 185 negara

meratifikasi

Page 5: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

Prinsip Pemberlakuan CRC

• Has the same meaning for people in all parts

of the world.

• While laying down common standards, the

Convention takes into account the different Convention takes into account the different

cultural, social, economic and political realities

of individual states.

• Each state may seek its own means to

implement the rights common to all

Page 6: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

Peluang dan tantangan CRC

IDEOLOGI

SOSIALPOLITIK SOSIAL

BUDAYAEKONOMI

POLITIK

Page 7: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

PRINSIP UNIVERSAL CRC

1. NON DISCRIMINATION

2. BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD

3. THE RIGHT TO LIFE, SURVIVAL AND

DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT

4. THE VIEWS OF THE CHILD

Page 8: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

NON DISCRIMINATION

• No child should suffer discrimination

• This applies to every child, irrespective of the

child’s or his or her parent’s or legal guardian’s

race, colour, sex,language, religion, political or race, colour, sex,language, religion, political or

other opinion, national, ethnic, or social

origin, property, disability, birth or other

status.

Page 9: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

BEBAS DISKRIMINASI

• TANPA MEMANDANG

Status orang tua

Ras/ warna kulit/etnis

Jenis kelamin bahasa

agama politik kebangsaanAkses ke ekonomi

Kesempurnaan fisik

Status kelahiran

Sosial

Page 10: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

Anak Indonesia

Page 11: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

Anak-Anak Gaza :

Fatah & Hamas

Page 12: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

Anak-Anak Gaza Bermain

Page 13: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD

• When the authorities of a state take decisions

which affect children, the best interest of

children must be a primary consideration.

Courts of LawAdministrative

AuthoritiesLegislative

Bodies

Public Social Welfare

Institutions

Private Social Welfare

Institutions

Page 14: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November
Page 15: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November
Page 16: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

THE RIGHT TO LIFE, SURVIVAL

AND DEVELOPMENT

• The right to life article includes formulations about the right to survival and to development, which should be ensured : to the maximum extent possible

• The term ‘development’ should be intepreted in a broad sense, adding a qualitative dimension: not only physical health is intended, but also mental,emotional, cognitive, social and cultural development.

Page 17: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

THE VIEWS OF THE CHILD

• Children should be free to have opinions in all

matters affecting them and those views

should be given due weight : “in accordance

with the age and maturity of the child” with the age and maturity of the child”

• Children have the right to be heard and to

have their views taken seriously, including in

any judicial or administrative proceedings

affecting them.

Page 18: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

Siapa yang Memonitor CRC?

• Human Rights Council

• Committee on ECOSOC Rights

• Committe on the Elimination of Racial

DiscriminationDiscrimination

• Committee on the Elimination of

Discrimination Against Women

• Committee Against Torture

• Committee on the Rights of the Child

Page 19: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

Mengimplementasikan CRC :

Kewajiban Negara

• Pasal 4 : undertake all appropriate legislative, administrative and other measures to implement the Convention.

• Undertake such measures to the maximum • Undertake such measures to the maximum extent of their available resources and , where needed, within the framework of international cooperation

• Review its legislation and ensure that laws are consistent with the convention

Page 20: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

Mengimplementasikan CRC :

Kewajiban Negara (2)

• Mechanisms may be introduced at the national and local levels to coordinate policies and monitor the implementation of the convention.

• The political decision-making process is important

• Are there opportunities for children themselves and their representatives t make themselves heard?

Page 21: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

Mengimplementasikan CRC :

Kewajiban Negara (3)

• Education and training of personnel working

with children

• Disseminating children rights provisions in

understandable languages to the peopleunderstandable languages to the people

• Priority should be given to childrenm

Page 22: Anak dan Prinsip-Prinsip Perlindungan Anak€¢ Konvensi hak anak/ Conventions on the Rights of The Child (CRC) diadopsi oleh UN General Assembly dengan resolusi 44/25 tanggal 20 November

Kementerian/Lembaga Mana?

BAPPENAS

KEMHUB KPAI

KEMENEG PP PA

KEMENDIKNAS

KEMSOS

KEMNAKER

KEMKES

KEMNAG